CN104995382B - 用于越野车的排气系统 - Google Patents

用于越野车的排气系统 Download PDF

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CN104995382B
CN104995382B CN201380062365.0A CN201380062365A CN104995382B CN 104995382 B CN104995382 B CN 104995382B CN 201380062365 A CN201380062365 A CN 201380062365A CN 104995382 B CN104995382 B CN 104995382B
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outlet port
exhaust pass
extraction system
gas extraction
gas
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CN104995382A (zh
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R·R·阿杜帕拉
D·A·莫里
W·施罗德
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Keisnew Netherlands Industrial (Harbin) Machinery Co.,Ltd.
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CNH China Management Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/008—Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/082—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of tailpipe, e.g. with means for mixing air with exhaust for exhaust cooling, dilution or evacuation
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    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/085—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits having means preventing foreign matter from entering exhaust conduit
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
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    • F01N2260/02—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device
    • F01N2260/022—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device using air
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F01N2560/021—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting ammonia NH3
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    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for heavy duty applications, e.g. trucks, buses, tractors, locomotives
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

用于越野车的排气系统包括构造成释放尾气的出口端口和围绕出口端口布置的出口烟道，其中出口烟道的至少一部分与出口端口径向地间隔开以形成介于出口烟道和出口端口之间的间隙。出口烟道构造成引导尾气从出口端口朝向出口烟道的远侧端部流动。排气系统还包括紧靠或联接至出口烟道且包括至少一个开口的排放护罩以及布置于排放护罩内的电子控制单元(ECU)。间隙构造成建立从至少一个开口至在出口端口下游的出口烟道的区域的空气流路径，并且ECU定位于介于至少一个开口和间隙之间的空气流路径内以有利于ECU的冷却。

Description

用于越野车的排气系统
相关申请交叉参考
本申请要求2012年11月30日提交的题目为“EXHAUST SYSTEM FOR AN OFF-ROADVEHICLE”的美国临时专利申请序列号No.61/732,073的优先权，所述美国临时专利申请序列号No.61/732,073的全部内容被纳入本文加以参考。
背景技术
本发明大体涉及带有柴油发动机的越野车，并且更具体地涉及构造成引导排气从柴油发动机流出的排气系统。
某些越野车由柴油发动机发动并且产生尾气。尾气可以包括不良的副产品，诸如氮氧化物(NOx)、一氧化碳、以及微粒物质。政府规章已经持续地降低这些副产品的可接受浓度，尤其是与NOx和NH3相关的可接受浓度。某些越野车包括通过定位于排气系统内的传感器监测副产品浓度的排气系统。这些传感器可以被连接至用于处理和/或储存来自传感器的数据的电子控制单元(ECU)。ECU由于低操作电压而可以定位于紧靠传感器。因此，ECU可以定位于排气系统的不良热区域内。额外地，被用于监测尾气中的排放物的传感器易受到水分的影响。例如，进入排放烟道的水(例如来自雨水)可以接触传感器，因此干扰排放物测量。
此外，外来的碎片可能在排气系统内堆积，因此干扰构造成冷却排气系统的空气流。因此，排气系统的某些部分可能不期望地变热。排气系统过热可能增加排放部件的磨损和/或降低排气系统效率。
发明内容
以下概述与最初声明的发明范围一致的某些实施例。这些实施例并非意在限制所声明的发明的范围，而这些实施例仅意在提供本发明的可能的形式的简要概况。事实上，本发明可以包含与下列实施例类似的或不同的多种形式。
在第一实施例中，一种用于越野车的排气系统包括：构造成释放尾气的出口端口；围绕出口端口布置的出口烟道，其中，出口烟道的至少一部分与出口端口径向地间隔开，以形成介于出口烟道和出口端口之间的间隙。出口烟道构造成引导尾气从出口端口朝向出口烟道的远侧端部流动。排气系统还包括：排放护罩，所述排放护罩紧靠出口烟道或联接至出口烟道，并且包括至少一个开口；以及布置于排放护罩内的电子控制单元(ECU)。间隙构造成建立从所述至少一个开口至出口烟道的在出口端口下游的区域的空气流路径，并且ECU定位于所述至少一个开口和间隙之间的空气流路径内，以有利于ECU的冷却。
在第二实施例中，一种用于越野车的排气系统包括：具有主体和从主体向上延伸的出口端口的壳体，其中，出口端口构造成释放尾气，并且主体径向向外地延伸越过出口端口。排气系统还包括：联接至出口端口并且构造成监测尾气的至少一种成分的水平的传感器。排气系统还包括：围绕出口端口布置的出口烟道，其中，出口烟道的至少一部分与出口端口径向地间隔开，以形成介于出口烟道和出口端口之间的间隙。出口烟道包括：径向向外地延伸越过壳体的主体的基部；以及从基部向上延伸的管道；其中，基部倾斜远离管道。间隙构造成有利于水分从管道的内表面流动至基部的内表面。基部构造成引导水分远离出口端口和传感器至主体径向外部的区域。
在第三实施例中，一种用于越野车的排气系统包括：构造成释放排放气体的出口端口；围绕出口端口布置的出口烟道，其中，出口烟道的至少一部分与出口端口径向地间隔开，以形成介于出口烟道和出口端口之间的间隙。出口烟道构造成引导尾气从出口端口朝向出口烟道的远侧端部流动。排气系统还包括：具有至少一个开口的排放护罩；以及电子控制单元(ECU)。所述至少一个开口构造成将空气从排气系统外部吸入、通过间隙并进入出口烟道在出口端口下游的区域内，以建立在ECU上方的冷却空气流。
附图说明
当参考附图阅读以下详细描述时本发明的这些和其他特征、方面和优势将变得更易理解，其中全部附图中类似的附图标记代表类似的部件，其中：
图1为采用排气系统的越野工作车的实施例的立体图。
图2为可以被使用于图1的越野工作车中的排气系统的实施例的示意图。
图3为可以被使用于图1的越野工作车中的排气系统的实施例的立体图。
图4为图3的排气系统的部分剖视图，示出出口端口、传感器、和电子控制单元的放置。
图5为图3的排气系统的剖视图，示出穿过排气系统的空气流路径。
图6为图3的排气系统的剖视图，示出穿过排气系统的水流动路径。
具体实施方式
以下将描述本发明的一个或多个特定的实施例。为了提供这些实施例的简洁描述，在本说明书中可能不描述实际实施方式的所有特征。应当理解的是在任何这种实际实施方式的研制中，如在任何工程或设计项目中，必须做出大量针对特定实施方式的决定以实现研制者的特定目标，诸如符合系统相关的和商业相关的限制条件的目标，并且所述目标可能一个实施方式与另一个实施方式不同。此外，应当理解的是虽然这样的研制工作可能为复杂并且耗时的，但是对于从本发明受益的本领域的技术人员来说将是设计、制作、和生产的常规保证。
当介绍本发明的多种实施例的元件时，冠词“一个”、“一种”、“该”、和“所述”意为存在元件中的一个或多个。术语“包括”、“包含”、和“具有”意为包容性的并且意为可能存在除了已列出的元件之外的其他元件。操作参数和/或环境状态的任何示例并非排除本实施例的其他参数/状态。
本发明的多种实施例包括用于越野车的柴油发动机的排气系统。为了监测已排出的副产品(例如NOx和NH3)的浓度，排气系统可以使用一个或多个传感器和电子控制单元(ECU)。由于在传感器和ECU中使用低电压，因此ECU可以被放置于紧靠传感器以增强信号强度并且减少线路疲劳。然而，将ECU靠近传感器放置可使得ECU暴露于排气系统不期望的热区域。额外地，进入排气系统内的水分可能干扰湿敏型传感器。此外，碎片可能进入排气系统，由此干扰冷却气体流并且提高排气温度。
公开的实施例提供一种用于越野车的排气系统，所述排气系统包括构造成释放尾气的出口端口和围绕出口端口布置的出口烟道，其中出口烟道的至少一部分与出口端口径向地间隔开以形成介于出口烟道和出口端口之间的间隙。出口烟道构造成引导尾气从出口端口朝向出口烟道的远侧端部流动。排气系统还包括紧靠出口烟道或联接至出口烟道且包括至少一个开口的排放护罩以及布置于排放护罩内的电子控制单元(ECU)。间隙构造成建立从所述至少一个开口至在出口端口下游的出口烟道区域的空气流路径，并且ECU定位在介于所述至少一个开口和间隙之间的空气流路径内以有利于ECU的冷却。通过已脱离的出口烟道和出口端口，排气系统利用文丘里效应以创造排气系统中的低压力区域。低压力区域将较冷的周围空气从排气系统外部抽取穿过到排气系统内。穿过排气系统的空气流在电子部件上方流动以保持其冷却。除了其冷却效应之外，空气流还携带走在排气系统中收集的碎片。
另一个实施例提供用于越野车的排气系统，所述排气系统包括具有主体和从主体向上延伸的出口端口的壳体，其中出口端口构造成释放尾气，并且主体径向地向外延伸越过出口端口。排气系统还包括联接至出口端口并且构造成监测尾气的至少一种成分的水平的传感器。排气系统还包括围绕出口端口布置的出口烟道，其中出口烟道的至少一部分与出口端口径向地间隔开以形成介于出口烟道和出口端口之间的间隙。出口烟道包括径向地向外延伸越过壳体的主体的基部、以及从基部向上延伸的管道，其中基部与管道成一定角度。间隙构造成有利于水分从管道的内表面流动至基部的内表面。基部构造成引导水分远离出口端口和传感器至主体径向外部的区域。通过沿出口烟道的侧面向下导引水分至排气系统之外，已脱离的出口烟道和出口端口将水分保持于出口端口之外且远离湿敏型传感器。
图1为采用柴油发动机排气系统14的越野工作车10的实施例的立体图。在某些实施例中，越野车10可以为拖拉机、工作车、或者可以结合用于柴油发动机的排气系统的任何其他适合的车辆。已示出的车辆10具有容纳发动机、传动装置、冷却系统、和动力总成(未分别示出)的主体12。主体12还容纳排气系统14的一部分。此外，越野工作车10具有客舱16，操作者可以在客舱中坐着或站着操作车辆10。车辆10具有两个前车轮18和两个后车轮20，所述两个前车轮18和两个后车轮20旋转以使得车辆10移动。正如将被理解的，通过使用引发前车轮18转动的方向盘22来操纵车辆10。正如所说明的，车轮18被联接至轮轴24(例如固定式或悬挂式)，所述轮轴支承车轮18并且有利于车轮旋转。排气系统14包括释放尾气的出口端口、以及将尾气携带出车辆10的出口烟道26。排气系统14还包括构造成防止与热的排放部件接触的护罩28。在已说明的实施例中，排气系统14被联接至越野车10的A柱。然而，应当理解的是在替代的实施例中，排气系统14可以定位于车辆10的其他部位内。
图2为可以用于图1的越野工作车内的排气系统的实施例的示意图。在已说明的实施例中，发动机30将排气32排出至排气系统14。已说明的排气系统14的实施例包括后处理系统(ATS)33以降低来自越野车的排放物。ATS包括柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)组件，所述柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)组件具有含有DOC36和混合器38的壳体34。ATS还包括用于注射柴油排放流体(DEF)42的注射器40、以及含有SCR模块46的选择性催化还原(SCR)壳体44。在一些实施例中，混合器38可以被布置于SCR壳体44内，而非DOC壳体34内或者除了DOC壳体34之外。排气系统14的某些实施例可以额外地包括用于截获微粒物质的柴油微粒过滤器、消音器、或适合用于排气系统中的任何其他元件。
DOC壳体34接收排气32，并且引导排气32进入DOC36内。DOC36接收排气并且通过使用排气32中的过量氧气以将一氧化碳催化氧化为二氧化碳。类似地，DOC36使用过量氧气以将碳氢化合物催化转化为水和二氧化碳。因此，DOC36接收未净化排气32并且放出碳氢化合物和一氧化碳浓度降低的已催化排气48。DOC壳体34引导排气48至混合器38，所述混合器38被包封于DOC壳体34内。除了来自DOC36的排气48之外，混合器38还接收来自注射器40的DEF42。在某些实施例中，排气系统14包括用于容纳DEF42以及将DEF供给至注射器40的容器54。替代地，注射器40可以包括含有DEF42的容器54。在其他的实施例中，含有DEF42的容器54可以远离注射器40。在某些实施例中，混合器38可以被布置于SCR壳体44内、单独的壳体内、或者适合容纳混合器38的任何其他壳体内。
注射器40将DEF42喷洒至混合器38内的排气48中。DEF42为用于辅助降低来自排气48的NOx的溶液。例如，在某些实施例中，DEF42可以为尿素水溶液，所述尿素水溶液在排气系统14内热分解和水解以产生氨气，SCR使用所述氨气将NOx转化为氮气和水。因此，混合器38将完全混合的排气溶液50供给至SCR模块46。SCR模块46接收排气溶液50，并且使用已扩散的DEF42以降低尾气中的NOx浓度。最后，SCR模块46将NOx浓度降低的已处理排气52通过出口端口62和出口烟道26排送至大气中。
图3为可以用于图1的越野车内的排气系统的实施例的立体图。在描述的实施例中，出口烟道26为圆筒形的并且构造成引导尾气从出口端口62朝向出口烟道26的远侧端部流动。应当理解的是可以使用有利于排气流动的任何中空的形状。在描述的实施例中，出口烟道26包括从管道55径向地延伸的基部53。管道55从基部53向上延伸，并且基部53倾斜远离管道55。正如所说明的，管道55的末端57被弯曲以阻挡至出口烟道26内的沉淀流。额外地，末端57成斜角以进一步减少诸如水分和碎片的外来物质流动至排气系统14内。
描述的排放护罩28包围排气系统14的一部分。排放护罩28的形状和/或尺寸可以根据政府审批需求进行限定。排放护罩28可以包括构造成将空气从排气系统外部吸入至排气系统内的至少一个开口/开孔。在某些实施例中，排放护罩28中的开孔可以被具体地布置用于提供至排气系统的不同部位的不同空气流。例如，可以向更热的区域提供更多的空气流以增强冷却。
图4为图3的排气系统的部分剖视图，示出出口端口、传感器、和电子控制单元的放置。正如所说明的，排气系统14包括构造成释放尾气的出口端口62。壳体65包括主体61和从主体61向上延伸的出口端口62。如上所述，ECU 58可以定位于靠近传感器56，这将ECU58放置于接近排气系统14中的热源。在描述的实施例中，使用单独的安装托架60将ECU 58联接至排放护罩28。单独的安装托架60有利于排气系统14的组装、便于进入ECU 58、并且提升外观(例如通过避免可见的夹钳)。应当理解的是，带有至少一个开口的盖子可以被放置于ECU58上方以提供进入和冷却。额外地，在排放护罩28和ECU 58之间可以添加导管以增进至ECU58的空气流。由于已说明的实施例提供至ECU的冷却空气流，因此可以减少反射性热绝缘体的数量和/或厚度，因此降低部件数目、部件成本、以及排气系统的总体重量。
在描述的实施例中，传感器56被联接至出口端口62，因此使得当尾气离开出口端口62时传感器56能够监测尾气中至少一种成分的水平。如所说明的，传感器56被放置于向下的斜面上以降低来自出口烟道26的水分接触传感器56的可能性。额外地，将传感器56连接至ECU 58的配线被布置于排放护罩28和出口烟道26的后面，这保护配线并且提升排气系统14的外观。
图5为图3的排气系统的剖视图，示出穿过排气系统的空气流路径。如上所述，出口烟道26可以为使得尾气能够从出口端口62流动至外部环境的任何中空形状。例如，尾气可以从ATS33流动穿过出口端口62至出口烟道26内。类似于出口烟道26，描述的出口端口62为圆筒形的。然而，显而易见的是，任何中空的形状可以被用于替代的实施例中。在描述的实施例中，出口烟道26围绕出口端口62布置，其中出口烟道26的至少一部分与出口端口26径向地68间隔开，以形成介于出口烟道26和出口端口62之间的间隙63。换言之，出口烟道26至少部分地包围出口端口62，并且出口烟道26的剖面大于出口端口62的剖面。应当理解的是，可以利用出口端口62和出口烟道26的不同尺寸和/或形状，以改变穿过排气系统14的空气流动。例如，剖面面积上更大的差异提供更高压力的穿过排气系统的空气流，并且剖面面积上更小的差异提供更高速率的穿过排气系统的空气流。在描述的实施例中，出口端口62和出口烟道26沿轴向方向67彼此对准。额外地，出口烟道26在径向方向68上与出口端口62间隔开。换言之，出口烟道26和出口端口62具有相同的中心但是不同的半径。还应当理解的是在其他构造中，出口烟道26和出口端口62不轴向地对准而是与彼此径向地偏移。实际上，一些可能的构造可以具有部分地连接至出口烟道26的出口端口62以改变空气流。
如上所述，排气系统14包括带有至少一个开口的已开孔的排放护罩28。开孔使得来自排气系统14外部的较冷空气经过排放护罩28至排气系统14内。如上所述，可以具体地选定开孔的尺寸、形状、和/或数量以增进在某些部位中的空气流动。
如上所述，来自出口端口62的尾气64的释放通过排气系统14吸入了空气。当尾气64从较小的出口端口62流动至较大的出口烟道26内时，低压力区域66形成于出口烟道26中。低压力区域66将较冷的空气从排气系统14外部抽取穿过排放护罩28中的至少一个开口、越过ECU 58上方、穿过间隙63、至在出口端口62下游的低压力区域66。来自出口端口62上游的空气流冷却了出口端口62、出口烟道26、尾气64、以及出口端口62上游的区域。由于ECU 58和传感器56沿从开孔至间隙的空气流路径定位于出口端口上游处，因此空气流冷却ECU 58和传感器56，因此将操作温度降低至理想的水平。穿过排气系统14的空气流动在图5中通过箭头70直观地呈现。一旦空气到达低压力区域66，则空气与尾气64混合并且通过排放烟道26从排气系统出去。应当理解的是，可以通过改变间隙63的尺寸和/或形状而调整穿过排气系统14的空气流动。额外地，一个或多个喷嘴可以被添加至出口烟道26以调整空气流。
除了冷却效应之外，穿过排气系统14的空气流动移除在排气系统14中收集的外来碎片72。碎片72可以包括灰尘和/或植物微粒。碎片72可以通过出口烟道26或排放护罩28进入排气系统14内。当空气流动穿过排气系统14(例如沿上述路径70)时，空气截获碎片72。碎片72随后与尾气64一同从出口烟道26出去。由于空气流从排气系统移移除碎片，因此可以增加排气系统清洁操作之间的时间间隔，由此降低维护成本。换言之，出口烟道26和出口端口62形成自清洁排气系统。通过将碎片引导至出口烟道26和/或地面，排放烟道26的倾斜基部53也有利于外来碎片72的移除。
图6为图3的排气系统的剖视图，示出穿过排气系统14的水流动路径。如上所述，出口烟道26围绕出口端口62布置，且在出口烟道26和出口端口62之间具有间隙63。在描述的实施例中，壳体65包括主体61和从主体61向上延伸的出口端口62。出口烟道26包括沿径向68向外延伸越过出口端口62的主体61的基部53、以及从基部向上延伸的管道55。如所说明的，基部53倾斜远离管道55。在一些实施例中，出口烟道26的基部53可以被连接至排放护罩28。额外地，出口端口62和出口烟道26沿轴向方向67彼此对准。出口烟道26在径向方向68上与出口端口62间隔开。还应当理解的是在其他构造中，出口烟道26和出口端口62不轴向地对准、而是彼此径向地偏移。在已说明的实施例中，间隙63在出口端口62的整个周缘周围延伸以有利于水流动穿过间隙63。额外地，出口烟道26可以在其末端57处成斜角，如图3中所示，以阻挡水分直接向下坠落至出口端口62内。
如上所述，水分可以通过出口烟道26进入排气系统14。如果水接触传感器56，那么水分可能干扰排放物测量。在描述的实施例中，由于出口烟道26的末端57成斜角，因此阻挡了流动穿过出口烟道26中心的水分。然而，水分可能附着至出口烟道26的壁74上，并且朝向出口端口62向下流动。当重力将水分向下牵拉时，间隙63有利于水分从管道55的内表面流动至基部53的内表面。在出口烟道26的基部53处，水分要么断开与壁74的连结并且坠落，要么持续沿倾斜的基部53直至水分到达排放护罩28为止。通过箭头76示出可能的水分的路径。水分随后要么蒸发，要么从排气系统14的底部坠落出去。在任一情况下，水分被保持于出口端口62之外并且远离湿敏型传感器56。
本说明使用示例公开本发明，包括最佳模式，并且还能够使得本领域的技术人员实践本发明，包括制作和使用任何装置或系统以及执行任何已纳入的的方法。本发明的专利范围由全力要求限定，并且可以包括本领域的技术人员所想到的其他示例。这些其他的示例在权利要求的范围内，如果其具有与权利要求的文字语言没有差异的结构元件；或者其包括与权利要求的文字语言无实质性差异的结构等同的元件的话。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于越野车的排气系统，包括：
具有主体和从主体向上延伸的出口端口的壳体，其中，主体径向向外地延伸越过出口端口，并且出口端口构造成释放尾气；
围绕出口端口布置的出口烟道，其中，出口烟道的至少一部分与出口端口径向地间隔开，以形成介于出口烟道和出口端口之间的间隙，并且出口烟道构造成引导尾气从出口端口朝向出口烟道的远侧端部流动；
排放护罩，所述排放护罩围绕主体设置，其中所述排放护罩包括至少一个开口，所述至少一个开口构造成使冷却空气能够从越野车外部直接流入到排气系统中；以及
布置于排放护罩内的电子控制单元(ECU)，
其中所述出口烟道构造成：
接收来自出口端口的尾气，以在出口烟道中形成低压力区域，该低压力区域将冷却空气抽取穿过所述至少一个开口、越过ECU上方、并进入出口烟道；以及
引导尾气和冷却空气朝向出口烟道的远侧端部流动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的排气系统，包括构造成监测尾气的至少一种成分的水平的传感器，其中，传感器定位于出口端口的上游。
3.根据权利要求2所述的排气系统，其中，ECU被连通地联接至传感器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的排气系统，包括构造成降低尾气的至少一种成分的水平的后处理系统(ATS)，其中，ATS定位于出口端口的上游。
5.根据权利要求1所述的排气系统，其中，出口烟道和出口端口彼此大体上轴向地对准。
6.根据权利要求1所述的排气系统，其中，出口烟道包括喷嘴，该喷嘴构造成便于调节冷却空气穿过所述至少一个开口、越过ECU上方、并进入出口烟道的速率。
7.根据权利要求1所述的排气系统，其中，出口烟道构造成接收来自出口端口的尾气，使得冷却空气将碎片从壳体周围穿过间隙、穿过出口烟道、携带至越野车外部的区域。
8.根据权利要求1所述的排气系统，其中，出口烟道包括倾斜的基部，该倾斜的基部构造成引导冷却空气穿过间隙。
9.一种用于越野车的排气系统，包括：
具有主体和从主体向上延伸的出口端口的壳体，其中，出口端口构造成释放尾气，并且主体径向向外地延伸越过出口端口；
联接至出口端口并且构造成监测尾气的至少一种成分的水平的传感器；以及
围绕出口端口布置的出口烟道，其中，出口烟道的至少一部分与出口端口径向地间隔开，以形成介于出口烟道和出口端口之间的间隙，其中，出口烟道包括：
构造成朝向出口烟道的远侧端部引导尾气的管道；以及
从管道径向向外地延伸越过壳体的主体的基部，其中该基部向下倾斜远离管道；并且
其中，出口烟道构造成顺着管道的内表面、沿着基部的内表面引导水分离开出口端口和传感器并从越野车出去。
10.根据权利要求9所述的排气系统，包括连通地联接至传感器的电子控制单元(ECU)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的排气系统，其中，传感器构造成监测NOx、NH3、或者它们的组合物的水平。
12.根据权利要求9所述的排气系统，包括排放护罩，所述排放护罩围绕主体设置并联接至出口烟道的基部，其中所述排放护罩构造成：
接收来自出口烟道的基部的内表面的水分；并且
将水分沿着排放护罩的内表面引导至地面。
13.根据权利要求12所述的排气系统，其包括设置在排放护罩内的电子控制单元(ECU)。
14.根据权利要求9所述的排气系统，其中，出口烟道和出口端口彼此大体上轴向地对准。
15.一种用于越野车的排气系统，包括：
构造成释放排放气体的出口端口；
围绕出口端口布置的出口烟道，其中，出口烟道的至少一部分与出口端口径向地间隔开，以形成介于出口烟道和出口端口之间的间隙，并且出口烟道构造成接收来自出口端口的尾气；
其中出口烟道构造成朝向远侧端部引导尾气，以形成低压力区域，该低压力区域将冷却空气从越野车外部直接吸入穿过排气系统中的一个或多个开口、越过电子控制单元(ECU)上方、并穿过间隙而进入出口烟道。
16.根据权利要求15所述的排气系统，包括构造成监测尾气的至少一种成分的水平的传感器，其中，传感器定位于出口端口的上游。
17.根据权利要求16所述的排气系统，其中，ECU被连通地联接至传感器。
18.根据权利要求15所述的排气系统，其中，出口烟道和出口端口彼此大体上轴向地对准。
19.根据权利要求15所述的排气系统，其中，出口烟道包括喷嘴，该喷嘴构造成便于调节冷却空气穿过所述至少一个开口、越过ECU上方、并进入出口烟道的速率。
20.根据权利要求15所述的排气系统，其中，间隙构造成使得低压力区域能够将冷却空气吸入到出口烟道中，使得冷却空气将碎片从出口端口周围携带穿过间隙、穿过出口烟道、并且从排气系统出去。
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