CN104988335A - Method of preparing metallic aluminium by alumina carbothermal nitridation vacuum thermal decomposition - Google Patents

Method of preparing metallic aluminium by alumina carbothermal nitridation vacuum thermal decomposition Download PDF

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CN104988335A
CN104988335A CN201510334601.0A CN201510334601A CN104988335A CN 104988335 A CN104988335 A CN 104988335A CN 201510334601 A CN201510334601 A CN 201510334601A CN 104988335 A CN104988335 A CN 104988335A
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aluminium
alumina
carbon
metallic aluminium
temperature
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CN104988335B (en
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陈秀敏
王家驹
卢勇
杨斌
郁青春
马文会
刘大春
徐宝强
戴永年
蒋文龙
龙萍
王飞
吴鉴
邓勇
曲涛
熊恒
李一夫
周晓奎
姚耀春
谢克强
伍继君
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method of preparing metallic aluminium by alumina carbothermal nitridation vacuum thermal decomposition, and belongs to the technical field of vacuum metallurgy. The method comprises the steps of adding carbon into alumina; uniformly mixing the carbon with the alumina to obtain a mixing material; pressing the mixing material into bulks; introducing nitrogen and carrying out reduction to obtain aluminium nitride under the conditions of 10 Pa-50 Pa pressure and 1300-1700 DEG C temperature; carrying out thermal decomposition reaction on the obtained aluminium nitride under the conditions of 5-60 Pa pressure and 1850-2050 K temperature for 20-60 min; cooling to a room temperature; and collecting the metallic aluminium which is well-crystallized on a condenser. The method has the advantages that the flow path is simple; the operation is easy; the price of raw materials is low; and the raw materials are easy to obtain.

Description

A kind of alumina carbon tropical resources Vacuum Heat decomposes the method preparing metallic aluminium
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of alumina carbon tropical resources Vacuum Heat and decompose the method preparing metallic aluminium, belong to vacuum metallurgy technology field.
Background technology
Aluminium is the metallic element that in the earth's crust, content is maximum, and content is about 8.0%.The content of aluminium element in the earth's crust occupies the 3rd, and its usage quantity occupies second in a metal, is only second to iron and steel.And occurring in nature exists is the compound of aluminium, pure aluminum is non-existent at occurring in nature.Because aluminium very easily forms dense oxidation film with oxygen in dry air, form aluminum oxide and make internal layer not by continuation oxidation; The purposes of material depends on the character of material to a great extent.Because aluminium has multiple premium properties, so aluminium has purposes comparatively widely.
Al and Alalloy is one of comparatively extensive, most economical applicable material of current applications.Aluminium has the advantage that intensity is low, plasticity is good, and aluminium is widely used in conducting material, electric wire industry and radio industry.Aluminium alloy is widely used in the process industries etc. such as aircraft, automobile, train, boats and ships.Aluminium also very easily forms various aluminum products simultaneously, and is widely used in containers of cigarettes, candy etc.The surface of aluminium, because there being fine and close oxide film, being not easily corroded, being often used to manufacturing chemistry reactor, medicine equipment, freezing plant, petroleum refining device, oil and natural gas pipeline etc.
At present, all in the world aluminium is all extracted from aluminum oxide by electrolytic process.Aluminium electrolytic industry adopts Hall-Ai Lu cryolite-alumina molten salt electrolysis, and the fluoride salt namely based on sodium aluminum fluoride is as flux, and aluminum oxide forms heterogeneous electrolyte system for melting matter.And this aluminium electrolysis process needs to consume ample resources, discharge a large amount of greenhouse gases and perfluorinated hydrocarbon toxic gas (PFCs).
In the research of aluminum smelting technology novel method, both at home and abroad main around blast furnace aluminium metallurgy method, ionic liquid electrolytic process, directly carbothermic method and indirectly the aspect such as carbothermic method (chlorination process, nitriding) carry out the work.The research of being extracted metallic aluminium by aluminium nitride mainly concentrates on electrolytic process, and in theory, 700 DEG C time, aluminium nitride is decomposed into aluminium and nitrogen, and the theoretical decomposition voltage of aluminium nitride is 0.75V.This decomposition voltage compares AlCl 3(l), Al 2s 3(s) and Al 2o 3s () at that same temperature decomposition voltage is low.From thermodynamic (al) viewpoint, electrolysis has good potentiality, can be used for extracting aluminium from aluminium nitride.But one of significant challenge faced is the AlN (s) being difficult to find a kind of suitable electrolyte dissolution highly stable.The people such as Bonomi are to 660-700 DEG C of (Li 3n-LiCl) limited research has been carried out in the solubleness of electrolytic solution and the fused salt electrolysis of AlN.The current efficiency of this system is 83%, and cathode current density is about 1.5A/cm 2.Net result shows the not success of this process.The people such as Goto use LiCl-KCl-Li 3n molten salt system is depositing Al N thin film on aluminium base.The people such as Yan are CaCl at 1133k temperature 2-carry out the experiment of Direct electrochemical reduction aluminium nitride in NaCl melt, finally on negative plate, observe fine aluminium drop, but this experimentation only has the output of 3-5%.Technology physics institute of Xian Electronics Science and Technology University and ultrahigh-temperature structural composite material science and techniques of defence key lab of Northwestern Polytechnical University are based on the stability study of aluminium nitride material under high-temperature vacuum, thermodynamic behavior analysis carried out to AlN and show that the decomposition temperature of AlN is in normal conditions 2708K, in vacuum tightness being pa, pa, during Pa, the heat decomposition temperature of AlN is respectively 1556K, 1454K, 1365K, and the stability of AlN declines along with the rising of vacuum tightness.The people such as Dewan draw when pressure drops to 0.1KPa by calculation of thermodynamics, and the pyrolysis temperature of aluminium nitride can drop to 1700 DEG C.
The present patent application is the vacuum metallurgy research work of vacuum metallurgy national engineering laboratory of Kunming University of Science and Technology long campaigns non-ferrous metal, for the feature of aluminium nitride pyrolysis, the alumina high temperature vacuum carbon tropical resources proposed prepares the thinking that metallic aluminium is prepared in aluminium nitride (1850-2050K, 5-60Pa) thermolysis, and has prepared metallic aluminium.The method effectively overcome Process Energy consumption that electrolytic process prepares aluminium find greatly and not easily suitable electrode material shortcoming, propose a kind of new method for preparing aluminium.The party's ratio juris is: under elevated temperature in vacuo, prepare aluminium nitride by alumina carbon tropical resources, and then prepare metallic aluminium by aluminium nitride high-temperature vacuum pyrolysis, AlN is decomposed into metallic aluminium and N2 (g) under about 1850 ~ 2050K, 5-60Pa, reacts as follows:
(1850~2050K、5~60Pa)
The present invention has raw materials for production cheapness, is easy to get, the features such as technical process is short, simple to operate.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art Problems existing and deficiency, the invention provides a kind of alumina carbon tropical resources Vacuum Heat and decompose the method preparing metallic aluminium.The present invention take aluminum oxide as the raw material extracting metallic aluminium, carbon is reductive agent, pass into nitrogen, aluminum oxide is made to be transformed into aluminium nitride by addition on reduction nitridation process, aluminium nitride is in the vacuum oven of 5 ~ 60Pa at the pressure of vacuum system, be the solid metal aluminium that under the condition of 1850-2050K, thermolysis obtains well-crystallized in temperature, reduce the production cost of metallic aluminium, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
Alumina carbon tropical resources Vacuum Heat decomposes the method preparing metallic aluminium, and its concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1, first will add the carbon of alumina molar amount 3 ~ 6 times in aluminum oxide, then mix and obtain mixture, mixture is pressed into bulk with 10MPa ~ 50MPa pressure, passing into nitrogen, pressure is 10Pa ~ 50Pa, under the condition of temperature 1300 ~ 1700 DEG C reduction obtain aluminium nitride (as Suo Shi (a));
Al 2O 3(s)+3C(s)+N 2(g)=2AlN(s)+3CO(g) (a)
Step 2, aluminium nitride that step 1 is obtained pressure be 5 ~ 60Pa, temperature carries out pyrolysis 20 ~ 60min(as Suo Shi (b) under being the condition of 1850 ~ 2050K), be then cooled to room temperature, condenser collected the metallic aluminium obtaining well-crystallized.
(b)
In described step 1, carbon is the carbon dust that granularity is less than 0.5mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: flow process of the present invention is simple, convenient operation, low in raw material price, to be easy to get, without the need to adding any other additive and coal fuel etc. in process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is present invention process schema;
Fig. 2 is the XRD figure that the embodiment of the present invention 1 Vacuum Heat decomposes the metallic aluminium obtained.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, this use alumina carbon tropical resources Vacuum Heat decomposes the method preparing metallic aluminium, and its concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1, first will add the carbon (4mol of alumina molar amount 4 times in 1mol aluminum oxide (102g), 48g), then mix and obtain mixture, mixture is pressed into bulk with 30MPa pressure, and passing into 25g/h nitrogen, pressure is 50Pa, the 5h that reduces under the condition of temperature 1700 DEG C obtains aluminium nitride (as Suo Shi (a)); Wherein carbon is the carbon dust that granularity is less than 0.5mm;
Al 2O 3(s)+3C(s)+N 2(g)=2AlN(s)+3CO(g) (a)
Step 2,3mol aluminium nitride (123g) that step 1 is obtained pressure be 60Pa, temperature carries out pyrolysis 20min(as Suo Shi (b) under being the condition of 2050K), be then cooled to room temperature, condenser collected the metallic aluminium obtaining well-crystallized.
(b)
The metallic aluminium XRD figure prepared is composed as shown in Figure 2, its purity >95wt.%.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1, this use alumina carbon tropical resources Vacuum Heat decomposes the method preparing metallic aluminium, and its concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1, first will add the carbon (5mol of alumina molar amount 5 times in 1mol aluminum oxide (102g), 60g), then mix and obtain mixture, mixture is pressed into bulk with 20MPa pressure, and passing into 15g/h nitrogen, pressure is 10Pa, the 5h that reduces under the condition of temperature 1600 DEG C obtains aluminium nitride (as Suo Shi (a)); Wherein carbon is the carbon dust that granularity is less than 0.5mm;
Al 2O 3(s)+3C(s)+N 2(g)=2AlN(s)+3CO(g) (a)
Step 2,2mol aluminium nitride (82g) that step 1 is obtained pressure be 40Pa, temperature carries out pyrolysis 30min(as Suo Shi (b) under being the condition of 2000K), be then cooled to room temperature, condenser collected the metallic aluminium obtaining well-crystallized.
(b)
Its purity >98wt.% of the metallic aluminium prepared.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 1, this use alumina carbon tropical resources Vacuum Heat decomposes the method preparing metallic aluminium, and its concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1, first will add the carbon (6mol of alumina molar amount 6 times in 1mol aluminum oxide (102g), 72g), then mix and obtain mixture, mixture is pressed into bulk with 40MPa pressure, and passing into 20g/h nitrogen, pressure is 30Pa, the 5h that reduces under the condition of temperature 1600 DEG C obtains aluminium nitride (as Suo Shi (a)); Wherein carbon is the carbon dust that granularity is less than 0.5mm;
Al 2O 3(s)+3C(s)+N 2(g)=2AlN(s)+3CO(g) (a)
Step 2,0.5mol aluminium nitride (20.5g) that step 1 is obtained pressure be 20Pa, temperature carries out pyrolysis 40min(as Suo Shi (b) under being the condition of 1950K), then be cooled to room temperature, condenser is collected the metallic aluminium obtaining well-crystallized.
(b)
Its purity >92wt.% of the metallic aluminium prepared.
Embodiment 4
As shown in Figure 1, this use alumina carbon tropical resources Vacuum Heat decomposes the method preparing metallic aluminium, and its concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1, first will add the carbon (3mol of alumina molar amount 3 times in 1mol aluminum oxide (102g), 48g), then mix and obtain mixture, mixture is pressed into bulk with 50MPa pressure, and passing into 20g/h nitrogen, pressure is 20Pa, the 5h that reduces under the condition of temperature 1300 DEG C obtains aluminium nitride (as Suo Shi (a)); Wherein carbon is the carbon dust that granularity is less than 0.5mm;
Al 2O 3(s)+3C(s)+N 2(g)=2AlN(s)+3CO(g) (a)
Step 2,1mol aluminium nitride (41g) that step 1 is obtained pressure be 10Pa, temperature carries out pyrolysis 50min(as Suo Shi (b) under being the condition of 1900K), be then cooled to room temperature, condenser collected the metallic aluminium obtaining well-crystallized.
(b)
Its purity >95wt.% of the metallic aluminium prepared.
Embodiment 5
As shown in Figure 1, this use alumina carbon tropical resources Vacuum Heat decomposes the method preparing metallic aluminium, and its concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1, first will add the carbon (4mol of alumina molar amount 4 times in 1mol aluminum oxide (102g), 64g), then mix and obtain mixture, mixture is pressed into bulk with 10MPa pressure, and passing into 20g/h nitrogen, pressure is 30Pa, the 5h that reduces under the condition of temperature 1500 DEG C obtains aluminium nitride (as Suo Shi (a)); Wherein carbon is the carbon dust that granularity is less than 0.5mm;
Al 2O 3(s)+3C(s)+N 2(g)=2AlN(s)+3CO(g) (a)
Step 2,1.5mol aluminium nitride (61.5g) that step 1 is obtained pressure be 20Pa, temperature carries out pyrolysis 60min(as Suo Shi (b) under being the condition of 1850K), then be cooled to room temperature, condenser is collected the metallic aluminium obtaining well-crystallized.
(b)
Its purity >92wt.% of the metallic aluminium prepared.
Below by reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art possess, various change can also be made under the prerequisite not departing from present inventive concept.

Claims (2)

1. decompose the method preparing metallic aluminium with alumina carbon tropical resources Vacuum Heat, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1, first will add the carbon of alumina molar amount 3 ~ 6 times in aluminum oxide, then mix and obtain mixture, mixture is pressed into bulk with 10MPa ~ 50MPa pressure, passing into nitrogen, pressure is 10Pa ~ 50Pa, under the condition of temperature 1300 ~ 1700 DEG C reduction obtain aluminium nitride;
Step 2, aluminium nitride that step 1 is obtained pressure be 5 ~ 60Pa, temperature carries out pyrolysis 20 ~ 60min under being the condition of 1850 ~ 2050K, be then cooled to room temperature, condenser collected the metallic aluminium obtaining well-crystallized.
2. alumina carbon tropical resources Vacuum Heat according to claim 1 decomposes the method preparing metallic aluminium, it is characterized in that: in described step 1, carbon is the carbon dust that granularity is less than 0.5mm.
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Cited By (6)

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CN106392099A (en) * 2016-06-08 2017-02-15 昆明理工大学 Preparation method of aluminum oxide/aluminum compounded micro-fine powder
CN107746972A (en) * 2017-09-19 2018-03-02 昆明理工大学 A kind of preparation method of metallic aluminium
CN108793101A (en) * 2018-06-15 2018-11-13 昆明理工大学 A kind of method that alumina carbon tropical resources reduction prepares aluminium nitride under vacuum
CN109518004A (en) * 2018-11-26 2019-03-26 昆明理工大学 A kind of method that carbon thermal reduction prepares metallic aluminium
CN109913665A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-06-21 昆明理工大学 A kind of method that bauxite vacuum distillation prepares metallic aluminium
CN110100296A (en) * 2017-10-18 2019-08-06 株式会社爱发科 Ion source and ion implantation apparatus

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106392099A (en) * 2016-06-08 2017-02-15 昆明理工大学 Preparation method of aluminum oxide/aluminum compounded micro-fine powder
CN107746972A (en) * 2017-09-19 2018-03-02 昆明理工大学 A kind of preparation method of metallic aluminium
CN110100296A (en) * 2017-10-18 2019-08-06 株式会社爱发科 Ion source and ion implantation apparatus
CN108793101A (en) * 2018-06-15 2018-11-13 昆明理工大学 A kind of method that alumina carbon tropical resources reduction prepares aluminium nitride under vacuum
CN109518004A (en) * 2018-11-26 2019-03-26 昆明理工大学 A kind of method that carbon thermal reduction prepares metallic aluminium
CN109913665A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-06-21 昆明理工大学 A kind of method that bauxite vacuum distillation prepares metallic aluminium
CN109913665B (en) * 2019-04-11 2020-03-10 昆明理工大学 Method for preparing metal aluminum by bauxite vacuum distillation

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