CN104980763B - Video code stream, video coding and decoding method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a video sequence code stream, a video coding and decoding method and a corresponding device thereof, wherein the decoding method comprises the following steps: receiving an image code stream, wherein the image code stream contains indication information for indicating the position of a background frame referred by a current frame in the code stream; acquiring the position of a background frame referred by the current frame in the code stream from the indication information; the background frame is decoded according to the above position, and then the current frame is decoded. The invention solves the problem that the random access point image can not be decoded normally when the random access occurs in the prior art, and further the subsequent image can not be decoded.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to video encoding and decoding technologies, and in particular, to a video encoding and decoding method and apparatus.
Background
In video coding techniques, temporal and spatial redundancy of video information is eliminated by using temporal and spatial domain prediction. The inter-frame prediction technology is a technology commonly applied in the field of video encoding and decoding. The inter-frame prediction utilizes the characteristic that the information contained in the coded frame and the current frame has great redundancy, and adopts motion estimation to greatly compress the video.
For a type of video with a fixed camera (such as surveillance video, video conference, etc.), there are some features different from those of the conventional video. Mainly comprises the following steps: a large amount of static background exists; the scene is fixed, and the scene content is various; the video time is long, and the data volume is large; slow change of illumination within a certain time, etc.
In view of the above characteristics, corresponding encoding techniques have been proposed. In hevc (high Efficiency video coding) and h.264, long-term reference frame techniques exist. The technology takes a certain important frame as a long-term reference frame, and a subsequent coded frame can be decoded by referring to the long-term reference frame. For surveillance video, this long-term reference frame may be a very good background frame of a frame, so that subsequently encoded frames can encode their background using the information of the long-term reference frame. However, the long-term reference frame is not necessarily a perfect background frame, so its reference value is largely limited to the quality of its background image. In order to solve the above problems, researchers have proposed a background frame technology, and constructed a frame of background frame by using background modeling. In order to take advantage of the effect of the background frame to a greater extent, the previously intra-predicted frame (I-frame) can now also be predicted and encoded with reference to the background frame (S-frame). This causes a problem that when the S frame is a random access point and random access actually occurs, the reference frame buffer of the S frame does not have a background frame that the S frame needs to refer to, and we cannot correctly decode the current picture and its subsequent pictures.
In the prior art, it is not explicitly indicated to which position of the S frame where random access occurs to the entire sequence code stream the code stream of the background frame is found. Indicating that a specified S frame should be decoded with reference to the most recently decoded background frame. If the code stream of the recently decoded background frame is to be found, the code stream needs to be searched back byte by byte until the starting point of the code stream of the background frame is found, which requires a very large cost and is very inefficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for adding indication information in a code stream and indicating the position of a background frame in the code stream aiming at the defects of the prior background frame technology, namely the problem that an image cannot be decoded when random access occurs. The method can ensure that the current frame can find the position of the background frame referred by the current frame in the code stream when the random access really occurs. The background frame is decoded, and then the current frame is decoded according to the background frame. The technology solves the problem that random access cannot occur in the background frame technology.
Therefore, a first objective of the present invention is to provide a video code stream, which is characterized in that a code stream of at least one encoded image includes reference image code stream position indication information, where the reference image code stream position indication information indicates a position of a code stream of a reference image referred to for decoding the encoded image in the video code stream; in the video code stream, at least one video sequence header code stream exists from the code stream of the reference image to the position indication information of the code stream of the reference image.
Furthermore, the code stream of the coded image further includes an identification information for identifying the position indication information of the reference image code stream that will appear subsequently.
Further, the position of the code stream of the reference image in the video code stream refers to one of the following:
a distance from a first byte of a code stream of the reference image to a first byte of a code stream of the encoded image;
and the distance from the first byte of the code stream of the reference image to the first byte of the position indication information of the code stream of the reference image.
A second objective of the present invention is to provide a video decoding method, which includes the following steps:
receiving a video code stream;
scanning the video code stream, finding out a video sequence header code stream and decoding the video sequence header code stream;
decoding the code stream of at least one coded image behind the video sequence header code stream in the video code stream to obtain reference image code stream position indication information of the coded image;
positioning a code stream of a reference image referred by the coded image according to the reference image code stream position indication information, wherein the code stream of the reference image is positioned in front of the video sequence head code stream;
decoding the code stream of the reference image to obtain a restored reference image;
decoding said encoded picture using said restored reference picture.
And further decoding the code stream of the coded image to obtain identification information for identifying the position indication information of the reference image code stream which can appear subsequently.
The method further comprises the following steps:
according to the reference image code stream position indication information, backtracking is started from a first byte of the code stream of the coded image so as to position the code stream of the reference image referred by the coded image;
according to the reference image code stream position indication information, backtracking is started from a first byte of the reference image code stream position indication information to position the code stream of the reference image referred by the coded image;
and positioning a search starting point in the video code stream according to the position indication information of the reference image code stream, searching a first image starting code which can be used as a reference image of the current image from the starting point backwards, and positioning the code stream of the reference image of the current image.
A third objective of the present invention is to provide a video encoding method, which includes:
acquiring indication information indicating the position of a background image code stream referred by a current coded image in a video code stream; in the video code stream, at least one video sequence header code stream exists from the code stream of the reference image to the position indication information of the reference image code stream;
the indication information of the position of the reference image code stream of the current coding image in the video code stream is coded into the image code stream of the current image;
and sending out the video code stream carrying the indication information of the position of the reference image code stream of the current image in the video code stream.
Furthermore, the code stream of the coded image further includes an identification information for identifying the position indication information of the reference image code stream that will appear subsequently.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
backtracking from a first byte of the code stream of the coded image to position the code stream of a reference image referred by the coded image, and writing the position information of the reference frame obtained by positioning into the code stream;
backtracking from the first byte of the reference image code stream position indication information to position the code stream of the reference image referred by the coded image, and writing the reference frame position information obtained by positioning into the code stream;
and positioning a rough position to a search starting point in the video code stream, searching a first image serving as a reference image of the current image from the starting point backwards before the reference frame of the current image as a current frame reference image by the starting point, and writing the rough position positioning information into the code stream.
A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a video decoding apparatus, comprising:
the receiving unit is used for receiving the video code stream;
the acquisition unit is used for scanning the video code stream, finding out a video sequence header code stream and decoding the video sequence header code stream; decoding the code stream of at least one coded image behind the video sequence header code stream in the video code stream to obtain the reference image code stream position indication information of the coded image;
a positioning unit, configured to position, according to the reference image code stream position indication information, a code stream of a reference image referred to by the encoded image, where the code stream of the reference image is located before the video sequence header code stream;
a decoding unit, configured to obtain a restored reference image from the code stream of the reference image; decoding said encoded picture using said restored reference picture.
Furthermore, the code stream of the decoded image further includes an identification information for identifying the position indication information of the reference image code stream that will appear subsequently.
Further, the positioning unit includes:
a positioning unit 1, which starts to trace back from a first byte of the code stream of the coded image according to the reference image code stream position indication information to position the code stream of the reference image referred to by the coded image;
the positioning unit 2 starts to backtrack from the first byte of the reference image code stream position indication information according to the reference image code stream position indication information so as to position the code stream of the reference image referred by the coded image;
and the positioning searching unit is used for positioning a searching starting point in the video code stream according to the position indication information of the reference image code stream, searching a first image starting code which can be used as a reference image of the current image from the starting point backwards, and positioning the code stream of the reference image of the current image.
A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a video encoding device, comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring indication information indicating the position of a reference image code stream of a current image in a video code stream; in the video code stream, at least one video sequence header code stream exists from the code stream of the reference image to the position indication information of the reference image code stream;
the encoding unit is used for encoding the indication information of the position of the reference image code stream of the current image in the whole sequence code stream into the image code stream of the current image;
and the sending unit is used for sending out the video code stream carrying the indication information of the position of the reference image code stream of the current image in the video code stream.
Furthermore, the code stream of the coded image further includes an identification information for identifying the position indication information of the reference image code stream that will appear subsequently.
Further, the acquiring unit, the device for acquiring the reference frame position indication information, comprises:
an obtaining unit 1, which starts to trace back from a first byte of a code stream of the encoded image according to the reference image code stream position indication information to locate the code stream of the reference image referred to by the encoded image, and obtains the location information;
an obtaining unit 2, configured to, according to the reference image code stream position indication information, start backtracking from a first byte of the reference image code stream position indication information to locate a code stream of a reference image referred to by the encoded image, and obtain the location information;
and the rough positioning obtaining unit is used for positioning a searching initial point in the video code stream according to a rough position, and the initial point is in front of a reference frame of the current image, searching a first image which can be used as a reference image of the current image from the initial point backwards as the reference image of the current image, and obtaining the rough positioning information.
The video coding and decoding method and the video coding and decoding device have the advantages that the indicating information is added in the code stream to indicate the position of the background frame in the code stream, so that when random access really occurs, the current frame can find the position of the background frame referred by the current frame in the code stream, decode the background frame and decode the current frame according to the background frame. The technology solves the problem that random access cannot occur in the background frame technology.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a video decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of another video decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of another video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a video decoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of another video decoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a video encoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of another video encoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a code stream according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another code stream provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another code stream provided in the embodiment of the present invention
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a video decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The video decoding method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, receiving an image code stream;
specifically, the image code stream carries indication information indicating a position of a reference frame code stream of a current image (in a possible case, the current image is a background reference forward decoded image (S frame), that is, the current image is decoded by referring to only a recently decoded background image) in the video code stream. In a storage-based application, receiving a codestream of images from a storage medium; in network-based applications, a codestream of images is received from a network transport packet.
Step 2, scanning the video code stream, finding out a video sequence header code stream and decoding the video sequence header code stream;
specifically, the code stream is scanned, the sequence header start code is searched, and the sequence header code stream is found.
Step 3, decoding the code stream of at least one coded image behind the video sequence head code stream in the video code stream to obtain the reference image code stream position indication information of the coded image;
specifically, the indication information is located in the header of the current S frame. And obtaining the indication information of the position of the reference frame in the code stream by analyzing the syntax element used for identifying the position of the reference frame in the image header.
Step 4, according to the position indication information, finding the code stream of the reference frame image;
specifically, in the application based on storage, according to the reference frame position indication information, a code stream of a corresponding reference frame is found in a storage medium; in the network-based application, a client obtains indication information of the position of a reference frame in a code stream, the indication information needs to be sent back to a server, the server finds the reference frame code stream stored in the server according to the indication information of the position of the reference frame in the code stream, and the code stream is transmitted to the client.
Step 5, decoding the reference frame image; specifically, according to the code stream of the reference frame obtained in step 3, a reference frame image is decoded first.
And 6, decoding the coded image by using the restored reference image.
Example 2
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a video decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The video decoding method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, receiving an image code stream;
specifically, the image code stream carries indication information indicating a position of a long-term reference frame image code stream referred by a current image (in a possible case, the current image is a decoded image referring to a long-term reference frame, that is, the current image is decoded with reference to the long-term reference frame) in the entire sequence code stream. In a storage-based application, receiving a codestream of images from a storage medium; in network-based applications, a codestream of images is received from a network transport packet.
Step 2, scanning the video code stream, finding out a video sequence header code stream and decoding the video sequence header code stream;
specifically, the code stream is scanned, the sequence header start code is searched, and the sequence header code stream is found.
Step 3, decoding the code stream of at least one coded image behind the video sequence head code stream in the video code stream to obtain the reference image code stream position indication information of the coded image;
specifically, the indication information is located in a header of the current image. And obtaining the indication information of the position of the long-term reference frame in the code stream by analyzing the syntax element used for identifying the position of the long-term reference frame in the image header.
Step 4, finding the code stream of the long-term reference frame image according to the position indication information;
specifically, in the application based on storage, according to the position indication information of the long-term reference frame, a code stream of the corresponding long-term reference frame is found in the storage medium; in the network-based application, a client obtains indication information of the position of a long-term reference frame in a code stream, the indication information needs to be sent back to a server, the server finds the long-term reference frame code stream stored in the server according to the indication information of the position of the long-term reference frame in the video code stream, and the code stream is transmitted to the client.
Step 5, decoding the reference frame image; specifically, according to the code stream of the reference frame obtained in step 3, a reference frame image is decoded first.
And 6, decoding the coded image by using the restored reference image.
Example 3
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a video decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The video decoding method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, receiving an image code stream;
specifically, in a possible case where the current image is a background-reference forward decoded image (S frame), in a code stream of the S frame image, an image header code stream carries indication information indicating a position of a background image code stream referred to by the current image in a video code stream. In a storage-based application, receiving a codestream of images from a storage medium; in network-based applications, a codestream of images is received from a network transport packet.
Step 2, obtaining identification information indicating whether the image is a random access point in the code stream;
specifically, the identification information indicating whether the image is a random access point in the code stream is in the image header, and the information indicating whether the current image is a random access point is obtained by analyzing the corresponding syntax element. One possible case is that the syntax element is _ ra _ point, and when the syntax element value is 1, the current frame is a random access point; when the syntax element value is 0, the current frame is not a random access point.
And 3, if the current frame is not the random access point, directly decoding the current image. And if the current frame is a random access point, acquiring indication information indicating the position of the image reference frame code stream in the video code stream.
Specifically, the indication information is located in an image header. And obtaining the indication information of the position of the reference frame in the code stream by analyzing the syntax element used for identifying the position of the reference frame in the image header.
Step 4, according to the position indication information, finding the code stream of the reference frame image;
specifically, in the application based on storage, according to the reference frame position indication information, a code stream of a corresponding reference frame is found in a storage medium; in the network-based application, a client obtains indication information of the position of a reference frame in a code stream, the indication information needs to be sent back to a server, the server finds the reference frame code stream stored in the server according to the indication information of the position of the reference frame in the code stream, and the code stream is transmitted to the client.
And 5, decoding the reference image, and decoding the current image by using the decoded reference image.
Specifically, according to the code stream of the reference frame obtained in step 4, a reference frame image is decoded first. And then, taking the reference frame image as a reference frame of the current frame, and decoding the current frame image.
Example 4
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a video decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The video decoding method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, receiving an image code stream;
in particular, one possible case is that no reference frame is present in the reference frame buffer of the current picture. In a storage-based application, receiving a codestream of images from a storage medium; in network-based applications, a codestream of images is received from a network transport packet.
Step 2, obtaining identification information indicating whether the image is a random access point in the code stream;
specifically, the identification information indicating whether the image is a random access point in the code stream is in the image header, and the information indicating whether the current image is a random access point is obtained by analyzing the corresponding syntax element. One possible case is that the syntax element is _ ra _ point, and when the syntax element value is 1, the current frame is a random access point; when the syntax element value is 0, the current frame is not a random access point.
And 3, if the current frame is not the random access point, directly decoding the current image. And if the current frame is a random access point, acquiring indication information in the code stream indicating the position of the image reference frame in the code stream.
Specifically, the indication information is located in an image header. And obtaining the indication information of the position of the reference frame in the code stream by analyzing the syntax element used for identifying the position of the reference frame in the image header. One possible scenario is that a syntax element bg _ ref _ distance exists in the picture header to identify the number of bytes from the start position of the reference frame bitstream to the current bitstream. And analyzing the syntax element to obtain bytes of the reference frame code stream from the current code stream position BgRefDistance.
Step 4, according to the position indication information, finding the code stream of the reference frame image;
specifically, in the application based on storage, according to the reference frame position indication information, forward BgRefDistance bytes from the current code stream position, finding the code stream of the corresponding reference frame in the storage medium; in the network-based application, a client obtains indication information of the position of a reference frame in a code stream, the indication information needs to be sent back to a server, the server searches BgRefDistance bytes forward according to the indication information of the position of the reference frame in the code stream to find the reference frame code stream stored in the server, and the code stream is transmitted to the client.
And 5, decoding the reference image, and decoding the current image by using the decoded reference image.
Specifically, according to the code stream of the reference frame obtained in step 4, a reference frame image is decoded first. And then, taking the reference frame image as a reference frame of the current frame, and decoding the current frame image.
Example 5
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a video decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The video decoding method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, receiving an image code stream;
specifically, in a possible case, the current image is a background reference forward decoded image (S frame), and an image header code stream of the S frame image carries indication information indicating a position of a background image code stream referred by the current image in the entire sequence code stream. In a storage-based application, receiving a codestream of images from a storage medium; in network-based applications, a codestream of images is received from a network transport packet.
Step 2, obtaining identification information indicating whether the image is a random access point in the code stream;
specifically, the identification information indicating whether the image is a random access point in the code stream is in the image header, and the information indicating whether the current image is a random access point is obtained by analyzing the corresponding syntax element. One possible case is that the syntax element is _ ra _ point, and when the syntax element value is 1, the current frame is a random access point; when the syntax element value is 0, the current frame is not a random access point.
And 3, if the current frame is not the random access point, directly decoding the current image. And if the current frame is a random access point, acquiring indication information in the code stream for indicating the position of the background frame referred by the image in the code stream.
Specifically, the indication information is located in an image header. And obtaining the indication information of the position of the background frame in the code stream by analyzing the syntax element used for identifying the position of the background frame in the image header. One possible scenario is that a syntax element bg _ ref _ distance exists in the picture header to identify how many kbytes the starting position of the background frame bitstream is from the current bitstream. And analyzing the syntax element to obtain the KBbyte of the background frame code stream from the current code stream position BgRefDistance.
Step 4, finding the code stream of the background frame image according to the position indication information;
specifically, in the application based on storage, according to the background frame position indication information, forward BgRefDistance KBbytes from the current code stream position, searching a graphic start code of a random access point image near the position, wherein the start code position is the start position of the background frame image code stream, and finding the code stream of a corresponding background frame in a storage medium; in the application based on the network, a client obtains the indication information of the position of a background frame in a code stream, the indication information needs to be sent back to a server, the server searches BgRefDistance KBbyte forwards according to the indication information of the position of the background frame in the code stream, then searches a graphic start code of a random access point image near the position, the position of the start code is the start position of the background frame image code stream, finds the background frame code stream stored in the server, and transmits the code stream to the client.
And 5, decoding the background image, and decoding the current image by using the decoded background image.
Specifically, according to the code stream of the background frame obtained in step 4, the background frame image is decoded first. Then, the background frame image is used as a reference frame of the current frame, and the current frame image is decoded.
Example 6
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a video decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The video decoding method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, receiving an image code stream;
in particular, one possible case is that no reference frame is present in the reference frame buffer of the current picture. In a storage-based application, receiving a codestream of images from a storage medium; in network-based applications, a codestream of images is received from a network transport packet.
Step 2, obtaining identification information indicating whether the image is a random access point in the code stream;
specifically, the identification information indicating whether the image is a random access point in the code stream is in the image header, and the information indicating whether the current image is a random access point is obtained by analyzing the corresponding syntax element. One possible case is that the syntax element is _ ra _ point, and when the syntax element value is 1, the current frame is a random access point; when the syntax element value is 0, the current frame is not a random access point.
And 3, if the current frame is not the random access point, directly decoding the current image. And if the current frame is a random access point, acquiring indication information in the code stream indicating the position of the image reference frame in the code stream.
Specifically, the indication information is located in an image header. And obtaining the indication information of the position of the reference frame in the code stream by analyzing the syntax element used for identifying the position of the reference frame in the image header. One possible scenario is that a syntax element bg _ ref _ distance exists in the picture header to identify the number of bytes from the start position of the reference frame bitstream to the current bitstream. And analyzing the syntax element to obtain bytes of the reference frame code stream from the current code stream position BgRefDistance.
Step 4, according to the position indication information, finding the code stream of the reference frame image;
specifically, in the application based on storage, according to the reference frame position indication information, backtracking BgRefDistance bytes from the first byte of the current coding image code stream forward, and finding the code stream of the corresponding reference frame in the storage medium; in the network-based application, a client obtains indication information of the position of a reference frame in a code stream, the indication information needs to be sent back to a server, the server searches BgRefDistance bytes forward according to the indication information of the position of the reference frame in the code stream to find the reference frame code stream stored in the server, and the code stream is transmitted to the client.
And 5, decoding the reference image, and decoding the current image by using the decoded reference image.
Specifically, according to the code stream of the reference frame obtained in step 4, a reference frame image is decoded first. And then, taking the reference frame image as a reference frame of the current frame, and decoding the current frame image.
Example 7
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a video decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The video decoding method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, receiving an image code stream;
specifically, one possible case is that no reference frame required for decoding the current picture exists in the reference frame buffer of the current picture. In a storage-based application, receiving a codestream of images from a storage medium; in network-based applications, a codestream of images is received from a network transport packet.
Step 2, obtaining identification information indicating whether the image is a random access point in the code stream;
specifically, the identification information indicating whether the image is a random access point in the code stream is in the image header, and the information indicating whether the current image is a random access point is obtained by analyzing the corresponding syntax element. One possible case is that the syntax element is _ ra _ point, and when the syntax element value is 1, the current frame is a random access point; when the syntax element value is 0, the current frame is not a random access point.
And 3, if the current frame is not the random access point, directly decoding the current image. And if the current frame is a random access point, acquiring indication information in the code stream indicating the position of the image reference frame in the code stream.
Specifically, the indication information is located in an image header. And obtaining the indication information of the position of the reference frame in the code stream by analyzing the syntax element used for identifying the position of the reference frame in the image header. One possible case is that the syntax element bg _ ref _ distance _ high in the picture header identifies the high-order information of the starting position of the reference frame code stream from the number of bytes of the current code stream, and bg _ ref _ distance _ low identifies the low-order information of the starting position of the reference frame code stream from the number of bytes of the current code stream. And analyzing the high-order information and the low-order information, and calculating to obtain bytes of the reference frame code stream from the current code stream position BgRefDistance.
Step 4, according to the position indication information, finding the code stream of the reference frame image;
specifically, in the application based on storage, according to the reference frame position indication information, forward BgRefDistance bytes from the current code stream position, finding the code stream of the corresponding reference frame in the storage medium; in the network-based application, a client obtains indication information of the position of a reference frame in a code stream, the indication information needs to be sent back to a server, the server searches BgRefDistance bytes forward according to the indication information of the position of the reference frame in the code stream to find the reference frame code stream stored in the server, and the code stream is transmitted to the client.
And 5, decoding the reference frame image, and decoding the current image by using the decoded reference frame image.
Specifically, according to the code stream of the reference frame obtained in step 4, a reference frame image is decoded first. And then, taking the reference frame image as a reference frame of the current frame, and decoding the current frame image.
Example 8
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The video decoding method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring indication information indicating the position of a current image reference frame in a code stream;
specifically, if the current image is a background reference forward decoded image (S frame), that is, only the background frame is referred to, and is a random access point, the position indication information of the background frame code stream referred to by the current frame in the encoded code stream is obtained.
Step 2, the position information is coded into a video code stream;
specifically, the position information is encoded and is put into an image header of a current frame in a video code stream for transmission.
And 3, sending out the video code stream carrying the position information.
Example 9
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The video decoding method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, judging whether the current image only refers to a background frame;
step 2, if the current frame does not only refer to the background frame, encoding the current frame, and sending an encoded code stream; if the current frame only refers to the background frame, judging whether the current frame is a random access point;
step 3, if the current frame is not a random access point, writing the information that the current frame is not the random access point into a code stream, coding the code stream, and sending the code stream; if the current frame is a random access point, writing the information that the current frame is the random access point into a code stream, and acquiring the indication information of the position of a background frame referred by the current image in the code stream;
step 4, writing the position information into a video code stream;
specifically, the position information is encoded and written into a picture header of a video code stream.
And 5, sending out the video code stream carrying the position information.
Example 10
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The video decoding method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, judging whether the current image only refers to a background frame, wherein in one possible case, the current image only refers to the background frame closest to the current image if the current image is a forward reference background image (S frame);
step 2, if the current frame does not only refer to the background frame, encoding the current frame, and sending an encoded code stream; if the current frame only refers to the background frame, judging whether the current frame is a random access point;
specifically, if the current frame is not a random access point, setting a syntax element is _ ra _ point to 0, and writing the syntax element is _ ra _ point into a code stream of the image header; if the current frame is a random access point, setting a syntax element is _ ra _ point to be 1, and writing the syntax element to a code stream of an image head;
step 3, if the current frame is not a random access point, writing the information that the current frame is not the random access point into a code stream, coding the code stream, and sending the code stream; if the current frame is a random access point, writing the information that the current frame is the random access point into a code stream, and acquiring the indication information of the position of a background frame referred by the current image in the code stream;
specifically, the position information indicating the background frame may be a number of bytes from a start position of a code stream of the background frame to a position of the current code stream.
Step 4, writing the position information into a video code stream;
specifically, the position information is encoded and written into a picture header of a video code stream. One possible scenario is to program the number of bytes described in step 3 into the picture header.
And 5, sending out the video code stream carrying the position information.
Example 11
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a video decoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, the video decoding apparatus includes a receiving unit 510, an obtaining unit 520, a searching unit 530, and a decoding unit 540.
The receiving unit 510 provided in this embodiment is specifically configured to:
receiving an image code stream, specifically:
the device comprises a code stream receiving module, a processing module and a display module, wherein the code stream receiving module is used for receiving an image code stream, and the image code stream carries indication information for indicating the position of a background image referred by a current image in the code stream;
the obtaining unit 520 is specifically configured to:
acquiring indication information for identifying the background frame position in the code stream;
the positioning unit 530 is specifically configured to:
positioning the background image code stream according to the position indication information;
the decoding unit 540 is specifically configured to:
and decoding the background image, and decoding the current image by using the decoded background image.
Example 12
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another video decoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, in this embodiment, the video decoding apparatus includes a receiving unit 610, a unit 620 for obtaining whether a current picture is a random access point, a unit 630 for obtaining a reference frame position, a unit 640 for locating, a unit 650 for locating and searching, and a decoding unit 660.
The receiving unit 610 provided in this embodiment is specifically configured to:
receiving an image code stream, specifically:
the device comprises a code stream receiving unit, a processing unit and a processing unit, wherein the code stream receiving unit is used for receiving an image code stream, and the image code stream carries indication information for indicating the position of a current image reference frame image in the code stream;
the unit 620 for obtaining whether the current image has a random access point is specifically configured to:
and analyzing indication information indicating whether the current image is a random access point or not from the pattern header. One possible case is that the syntax element is _ ra _ point identifies information whether the current frame is a random access point, parses the syntax element, and if 1, indicates that the current frame is a random access point; if 0, it indicates that the current frame is not a random access point.
The obtain reference frame position unit 630 is specifically configured to:
and acquiring the indication information for marking the position of the reference frame in the code stream. One possible scenario is that the syntax element bg _ ref _ distance in the picture header identifies the number of bytes of the reference frame from the current codestream. And analyzing the syntax element to obtain the number BgRefDistance of the reference frame code stream from the current code stream.
The positioning unit 640 is specifically configured to:
and analyzing syntax elements used for identifying the position of the background frame in the image header to obtain the indication information of the position of the background frame in the code stream. One possible scenario is that a syntax element bg _ ref _ distance exists in the picture header to identify how many kbytes the starting position of the background frame bitstream is from the current bitstream. And analyzing the syntax element to obtain the KBbyte of the background frame code stream from the current code stream position BgRefDistance.
The location search unit 650 is specifically configured to:
and the positioning searching unit is used for positioning a searching initial point in the video code stream according to the reference image code stream position indication information, wherein the searching initial point is the code stream position where the positioning unit backtracks the BgRefDistance Kbyte from the current code stream position forwards. Searching a first image start code which can be used as a reference image of the current image from the start point backwards, and positioning a code stream of the reference image of the current image.
The decoding unit 660 is specifically configured to:
and decoding the reference frame code stream to obtain the reference frame according to the position of the code stream of the found reference frame. The current frame is then decoded with reference to the reference frame.
Example 13
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a video encoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, in this embodiment, the video encoding apparatus includes an obtaining unit 710, an encoding unit 720, and a sending unit 730.
The obtaining unit 710 provided in this embodiment is specifically configured to:
acquiring indication information indicating the position of a current image reference frame in a code stream;
the encoding unit 720 is specifically configured to:
the position information is coded into a video code stream;
the sending unit 730 is specifically configured to:
and sending out the video code stream carrying the position information.
Example 14
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another video encoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 8, in the present embodiment, the video encoding apparatus includes a random access point determination unit 810, a background frame position acquisition unit 820, an encoding unit 830, and a transmission unit 840.
The random access point determining unit 810 provided in this embodiment is specifically configured to:
judging whether the current image is a random access point or not, if so, transmitting a syntax element is _ ra _ point with the value of 1 in the image header; if the current picture is not a random access point but only takes the background frame as a reference frame, transmitting a syntax element is _ ra _ point with a value of 0 in the picture header;
the reference frame position obtaining unit 820 is specifically configured to:
and acquiring the position of the current frame reference frame in the code stream. One possible method is to record the number of bytes of the code stream of the current frame from the code stream of the background frame when the current frame is encoded. The number of bytes is recorded as BgRefDistance.
The encoding unit 830 is specifically configured to:
and encoding the reference frame position information into the code stream. One possible method is to encode the byte number BgRefDistance of the reference frame code stream from the current code stream into the picture header. And adding a syntax element bg _ ref _ distance in the picture header for identifying the distance between the reference frame code stream and the current code stream.
The sending unit 840 is specifically configured to:
and sending out the video code stream carrying the position information.
Example 15
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a video stream according to an embodiment of the present invention. The code stream provided by this embodiment includes:
the picture header code stream of the first coded picture after the random access point contained in the code stream carries a syntax element indicating the position of the current picture reference picture code stream in the whole sequence code stream. One possible scenario is that the current picture is an S-frame, i.e. only the forward reference background picture is decoded. And the current S frame picture is the first S frame after the sequence header, which is a random access point. When random access occurs, no reference frame exists in the reference buffer of the current S frame.
Firstly, the image head of the current S frame is analyzed, and the image head code stream of the S frame carries a syntax element indicating the position of the reference image code stream of the current image in the whole sequence code stream. These syntax elements include: a syntax element indicating whether the S-frame is a random access point; if the current S frame is a random access point, the graphics header code stream also comprises the byte number of the initial position of the reference image code stream from the current code stream position.
And analyzing a syntax element indicating the position of the current image reference image code stream in the whole sequence code stream. By analyzing the syntax element of the position of the reference image code stream in the whole sequence code stream. And obtaining the byte number of the initial position of the reference graph code stream from the current code stream.
Searching forward from the current position of the code stream to find the position of the reference image code stream according to the number of bytes between the initial position of the reference image code stream and the current code stream;
decoding a reference picture, and decoding a current picture using the decoded reference picture;
example 16
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of another code stream provided in the embodiment of the present invention. The code stream provided by this embodiment includes:
the picture header code stream of the first frame of coded picture after the random access point contained in the code stream carries a syntax element indicating the position of the current picture reference picture code stream in the whole sequence code stream. One possible scenario is that the current picture is an S-frame, i.e. only the forward reference background picture is decoded. One possible scenario is that the current S1 frame picture is the first S frame after the sequence header, which is a random access point. The current S2 frame is the first S frame after the head of another picture sequence, which is also a random access point, and when random access occurs, no reference frame exists in the reference buffers of the current S1 frame and S2 frame.
Firstly, an image header of a current frame is analyzed, and a syntax element indicating the position of a reference image code stream of the current image in a whole sequence code stream is carried in an image header code stream of the current frame. These syntax elements include: a syntax element indicating whether the S-frame is a random access point; if the current S frame is a random access point, the graphics header code stream also comprises the byte number of the initial position of the reference frame code stream from the current code stream position. In fig. 10, the syntax element values indicating whether the current frame is a random access point in the picture headers of the S1 and S2 frames are both 1, indicating that the current frame is a random access point. In addition, syntax elements indicating the distance of the background frame from the current S1 or S2 frame are included in both the S1 and S2 frame headers.
And analyzing a syntax element indicating the position of the current image reference image code stream in the whole sequence code stream. By analyzing the syntax element of the position of the reference frame code stream in the whole sequence code stream. And obtaining the byte number of the initial position of the reference frame code stream from the current code stream.
Searching forward from the current position of the code stream to find the position of the reference image code stream according to the number of bytes between the initial position of the reference frame code stream and the current code stream;
decoding a reference picture, and decoding a current picture using the decoded reference picture;
example 17
Fig. 11 is another code stream structure diagram provided in the embodiment of the present invention. The code stream provided by this embodiment includes:
the picture header code stream of the first frame of coded picture after the random access point contained in the code stream carries a syntax element indicating the position of the current picture reference picture code stream in the whole sequence code stream. One possible scenario is that the current picture is an S-frame, i.e. only the forward reference background picture is decoded. One possible scenario is that the current S1 frame picture is the first S frame after the sequence header, which is a random access point. The current S2 frame is the first S frame after the head of another picture sequence, which is also a random access point, and when random access occurs, no reference frame exists in the reference buffers of the current S1 frame and S2 frame.
Firstly, an image header of a current frame is analyzed, and a syntax element indicating the position of a reference image code stream of the current image in a whole sequence code stream is carried in an image header code stream of the current frame. These syntax elements include: a syntax element indicating whether the S-frame is a random access point; if the current S frame is a random access point, the graphics header code stream also comprises the byte number of the initial position of the reference frame code stream from the current code stream position. In fig. 10, the syntax element values indicating whether the current frame is a random access point in the picture headers of the S1 and S2 frames are both 1, indicating that the current frame is a random access point. In addition, syntax elements indicating the distance of the background frame from the current S1 or S2 frame are included in both the S1 and S2 frame headers.
And analyzing a syntax element indicating the position of the current image reference image code stream in the whole sequence code stream. By analyzing the syntax element of the position of the reference frame code stream in the whole sequence code stream. And obtaining the byte number of the initial position of the reference frame code stream from the current code stream.
And searching forward from the current position of the code stream to find the position of the reference image code stream according to the number of bytes between the initial position of the reference frame code stream and the current code stream. Fig. 11 shows a streaming video stream storage method, when the storage space is used up, the newly encoded stream will cover the first encoded stream in the storage space. Fig. 11 shows a case where, when the position of the reference frame code stream is located backward from the current S1 or S2 frame code stream, the found code stream is an updated code stream, and the original reference frame code stream is already covered. At this time, the picture header start code of the reference frame code stream cannot be found. When the situation is met, only the code stream of the new frame which can be used as the random access point can be searched backwards from the current frame code stream. It can be an I frame random access point or a background frame G frame random access point.
Decoding I frame random access point or background frame G frame random access point image, then decoding subsequent image.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: all or part of the steps for implementing the method embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to program instructions, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, the program performs the steps including the method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A video decoding method, comprising:
receiving a video code stream;
scanning the video code stream, finding out a video sequence header code stream and decoding the video sequence header code stream;
decoding the code stream of at least one coded image behind the video sequence header code stream in the video code stream to obtain reference image code stream position indication information of the coded image;
positioning a reference image code stream referred by the coded image according to the reference image code stream position indication information, wherein the reference image code stream is positioned in front of the video sequence head code stream; and acquiring a reference image code stream according to one of the following methods:
finding a corresponding reference image code stream in a storage medium according to the reference image code stream position indication information in the application based on storage; or
In the application based on the network, a client obtains the position indication information of a reference image code stream, the indication information is sent back to a server, the server finds the reference image code stream stored in the server according to the indication information, and the reference image code stream is transmitted to the client;
decoding the reference image code stream to obtain a restored reference image;
decoding said encoded picture using said restored reference picture.
2. The video decoding method of claim 1, further characterized by decoding said code stream of encoded pictures to obtain an identification information for identifying a position indication information of said reference picture code stream that will subsequently appear.
3. The video decoding method of claim 1, further characterized by comprising one of:
according to the reference image code stream position indication information, backtracking is started from a first byte of the code stream of the coded image so as to position the code stream of the reference image referred by the coded image;
according to the reference image code stream position indication information, backtracking is started from a first byte of the reference image code stream position indication information to position the code stream of the reference image referred by the coded image;
and positioning a search starting point in the video code stream according to the position indication information of the reference image code stream, searching a first image starting code which can be used as a reference image of the coded image from the starting point backwards, and positioning the code stream of the reference image referred by the coded image.
4. A video encoding method, comprising:
acquiring indication information indicating the position of a background image code stream referred by a current coded image in a video code stream; in the video code stream, at least one video sequence header code stream exists from the reference image code stream to the position indication information of the reference image code stream; the position indication information helps the decoding end to find and obtain the reference image code stream by one of the following modes:
finding a corresponding reference image code stream in a storage medium according to the reference image code stream position indication information in the application based on storage; or
In the application based on the network, a client obtains the position indication information of a reference image code stream, the indication information is sent back to a server, the server finds the reference image code stream stored in the server according to the indication information, and the reference image code stream is transmitted to the client;
and coding the indication information of the position of the reference image code stream of the current coding image in the video code stream into the image code stream of the current image.
5. The video coding method of claim 4, further characterized in that said code stream of coded pictures further comprises an identification information for identifying a position indication information of said code stream of reference pictures that will appear subsequently.
6. The video encoding method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:
backtracking from a first byte of the code stream of the coded image to position the code stream of a reference image referred by the coded image, and writing the position information of the reference frame obtained by positioning into the code stream;
backtracking from the first byte of the reference image code stream position indication information to position the code stream of the reference image referred by the coded image, and writing the reference frame position information obtained by positioning into the code stream;
and backtracking from the first byte of the code stream of the coded image to locate a search starting point in the video code stream, searching a first image which can be used as a reference image of the current image from the starting point backwards before the reference frame of the current image as a current frame reference image from the search starting point, and writing the position locating information of the search starting point into the code stream.
7. A video decoding apparatus, comprising:
the receiving unit is used for receiving the video code stream;
the acquisition unit is used for scanning the video code stream, finding out a video sequence header code stream and decoding the video sequence header code stream; decoding the code stream of at least one coded image behind the video sequence header code stream in the video code stream to obtain the reference image code stream position indication information of the coded image;
a positioning unit, configured to position, according to the reference image code stream position indication information, a code stream of a reference image referred to by the encoded image, where the reference image code stream is located before the video sequence header code stream; and acquiring a reference image code stream according to one of the following methods:
finding a corresponding reference image code stream in a storage medium according to the reference image code stream position indication information in the application based on storage; or
In the application based on the network, a client obtains the position indication information of a reference image code stream, the indication information is sent back to a server, the server finds the reference image code stream stored in the server according to the indication information, and the reference image code stream is transmitted to the client;
a decoding unit, configured to obtain a restored reference image from the reference image code stream; decoding said encoded picture using said restored reference picture.
8. The video decoding apparatus of claim 7, wherein a bitstream of at least one encoded picture following the video sequence header bitstream further comprises an identification information for identifying a position indication information of the bitstream of the reference picture that will appear subsequently.
9. The video decoding apparatus of claim 7, further characterized in that the positioning unit comprises one of:
a positioning unit 1, which starts to trace back from a first byte of the code stream of the coded image according to the reference image code stream position indication information to position the code stream of the reference image referred to by the coded image;
the positioning unit 2 starts to backtrack from the first byte of the reference image code stream position indication information according to the reference image code stream position indication information so as to position the code stream of the reference image referred by the coded image;
and the positioning searching unit is used for positioning a searching starting point in the video code stream according to the position indication information of the reference image code stream, searching a first image starting code which can be used as a reference image of the coded image from the starting point backwards, and positioning the code stream of the reference image referred by the coded image.
10. A video encoding apparatus, comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring indication information indicating the position of a reference image code stream of a current image in a video code stream; in the video code stream, at least one video sequence header code stream exists from the reference image code stream to the position indication information of the reference image code stream; the position indication information helps the decoding end to find and obtain the reference image code stream by one of the following modes:
finding a corresponding reference image code stream in a storage medium according to the reference image code stream position indication information in the application based on storage; or
In the application based on the network, a client obtains the position indication information of a reference image code stream, the indication information is sent back to a server, the server finds the reference image code stream stored in the server according to the indication information, and the reference image code stream is transmitted to the client;
the encoding unit is used for encoding the indication information of the position of the reference image code stream of the current image in the whole sequence code stream into the image code stream of the current image;
and the sending unit is used for sending out the video code stream carrying the indication information of the position of the reference image code stream of the current image in the video code stream.
11. The video coding device of claim 10, wherein the image stream of the current picture further comprises an identification information for identifying a position indication information of the reference image stream that will appear subsequently.
12. The video coding apparatus of claim 10, wherein the means for acquiring the indication information of the position of the reference image code stream of the current image in the video code stream comprises:
an obtaining unit 1, which starts to trace back from a first byte of a code stream of the coded image to position the code stream of the reference image referred by the coded image according to the indication information of the position of the reference image code stream of the current image in the video code stream, and obtains the positioning information;
an obtaining unit 2, configured to, according to indication information of a position of a reference image code stream of the current image in a video code stream, start backtracking from a first byte of the indication information to locate a code stream of a reference image referred to by the encoded image, and obtain the location information;
and the rough positioning acquisition unit is used for backtracking from the first byte of the code stream of the coded image to position a search starting point in the video code stream, searching a first reference image which can be used as the reference image of the current image from the search starting point backwards before the reference frame of the current image from the search starting point, and acquiring the positioning information of the search starting point.
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