CN104973619A - Zinc oxide nanometer sheet with multistage pore canal structure and preparation method of zinc oxide nanometer sheet - Google Patents

Zinc oxide nanometer sheet with multistage pore canal structure and preparation method of zinc oxide nanometer sheet Download PDF

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CN104973619A
CN104973619A CN201510342438.2A CN201510342438A CN104973619A CN 104973619 A CN104973619 A CN 104973619A CN 201510342438 A CN201510342438 A CN 201510342438A CN 104973619 A CN104973619 A CN 104973619A
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zinc oxide
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zinc
oxide nano
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CN104973619B (en
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姚建曦
陈蕾
许佳
戴松元
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North China Electric Power University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a zinc oxide nanometer sheet with a multistage pore canal structure and a preparation method of the zinc oxide nanometer sheet. According to the zinc oxide nanometer sheet with the multistage pore canal structure, the length of edges is 0.4-1.3 <mu>m, the thickness is 30-70nm, and pore canals of 20-40nm are formed in the surface. The preparation method of the zinc oxide nanometer piece comprises the steps of: firstly, preparing a zinc hydroxide-organic macromolecule polymer complex structure, and then removing organic compositions through heat treatment so as to obtain the zinc oxide nanometer piece which adopts the multistage pore canal structure and has favorable crystallinity. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, effectively adjusting and controlling zinc oxide nanometer particles and the multistage pore canal structure are realized by changing reaction conditions, the technological process is simple, the controllability is high and the product repeatability is high. The nanometer piece can be applied to varied fields of light emitting, adsorbing, catalyzing, sensing, electrode materials and the like.

Description

A kind of Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of function materials, be specifically related to a kind of Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Zinc oxide is a kind of semiconductor compound of typical II-VI group, there is larger energy gap (3.37eV) and higher exciton binding energy (60meV), and thermostability and mechanical stability well, have very large potentiality in electronic industry, photoelectron engineering and mechanical technology under room temperature.The piezoelectric property of zinc oxide and pyroelecthc properties make it be used as sensor, current transformer, generator, and can serve as photocatalyst in industries.Owing to having good hardness, rigidity and piezoelectric constant, zinc oxide is important material in ceramic industry always.Hypotoxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability make it in biomedicine and ecological prognoses system, have important application.
In recent years, the preparation of zinc oxide makes great progress, and synthesizing zinc oxide has multiple method, comprises metallurgy method and chemical method etc.It is curing based on zinc ore that metallurgical process obtains zinc oxide, is divided into direct method and indirect method.Chemical method comprises the hot method of hydrothermal/solvent, sol-gel method, microemulsion method etc.
The hot method of hydrothermal/solvent adopts the aqueous solution or other solvents as reaction system, by heating reaction system, pressurizeing, create the reaction environment of a relatively-high temperature, high pressure, make usual indissoluble or insoluble substance dissolves, recrystallization and carry out Inorganic synthese and material processing.This method growth defect is few, orientation good, product degree of crystallinity is high, be beneficial to Uniform Doped; But higher for equipment requirements, technical difficulty is comparatively large, poor safety performance.
Sol-gel method prepares that Zinc oxide powder is easy, cost is low, and reliability is high relative with synthesis condition gentle, and can introduce specific organism to its modifying surface in preparation process.Sol-gel method mixes some trace elements with being easy to equal and quantitative, realizes the Uniform Doped on molecular level; Compared with solid state reaction, chemical reaction easily carries out, and synthesis temperature does not need too high.But the method synthesis material is expensive, the time is longer, in drying process, meeting evolving gas and organism, cause material contracts.
W/O microemulsion prepares zinc oxide can control Nanoparticle Size between 5 ~ 100nm, and size is homogeneous.But the nano zinc oxide particles that the method prepares is very easy to reunite, in air-sensitive or catalyzed reaction, have impact on the diffusion of reactant, therefore react the top layer being only confined to material, material use efficiency is low.
Porous oxidation Zinc material avoids the problems referred to above to a certain extent, and reactant molecule except can with except the outside surface effect of material, be also freely diffused into material internal by vesicular structure and internal surface reacts, and enhances reactive behavior.At present, the preparation of porous zinc bloom mainly uses organic or inorganic materials as template, is generally organic colloid microballoon or organic cellulose.First prepare template/zinc oxide composites, then by methods such as calcining or dissolution with solvents, template is removed, obtain tubulose, hollow or fibrous porous zinc bloom.But, use Template preparation porous zinc bloom to there are some problems: the structure of product only can the structure of simple copy template, and aperture is single, structural controllability is poor; The output capacity of product is lower, preparation process is complicated; The use of template causes that cost is higher, product intensity is lower, easily caves in.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of easy and simple to handle, repeatability is high, crystallinity is good, the Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure and preparation method thereof.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Have a Zinc oxide nano sheet for multi-stage artery structure, described Zinc oxide nano sheet is porous laminated structure, and the described Zinc oxide nano sheet length of side is 0.4-1.3 μm, and thickness is 30-70nm, and there is the duct of 20-40nm on surface.
Further, the specific surface area of described Zinc oxide nano sheet is 22.028m 2g -1, the particle diameter forming the Zinc oxide nanoparticle of described nanometer sheet is 30-120nm, and surface arrangement has the mesopore orbit of 3-9nm.
The above-mentioned preparation method with the Zinc oxide nano sheet of multi-stage artery structure, comprises the following steps:
1) get Triton, alcoholic solvent, zinc salt solution and hexanaphthene, fully stir, and obtains solution;
2) dropwise step 1 will be joined by the water saturated cyclohexane solution of ammonia) in gained solution, fully stir;
3) Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate or dimethoxybenzoin one of them and acrylamide are dissolved in alcoholic solvent, the solution of formation are joined step 2) in gained solution, stir;
4) by step 3) gained solution irradiates under being placed in high voltage mercury lamp;
5) by step 4) gained solution left standstill, washing, is separated, and it is dry that gained solid matter puts into baking oven;
6) by step 5) gained material puts into retort furnace and heat-treats, and obtains the Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure.
Further, described alcoholic solvent is n-hexyl alcohol, Pentyl alcohol or n-propyl alcohol.
Further, the mol ratio of described acrylamide and zinc salt is (1.7-19): 1; The mol ratio of water and Triton is (5-50): 1.
Further, step 1) in, the concentration of described zinc salt solution is 0.065mol/L-0.245mol/L; The mol ratio of described zinc salt and Triton is (0.06-1.01): 1; Described zinc salt is zinc nitrate, zinc acetate or zinc sulfate.
Further, step 1) in, the mass ratio of described Triton and alcoholic solvent is (1:1)-(3:1).
Further, step 3) in, the quality of described Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate or dimethoxybenzoin is 2.5% of acrylamide quality;
Further, step 4) in, the predominant wavelength of described high voltage mercury lamp is 365nm, and light application time is 5-15min; Intensity of illumination is 4mW/cm 2-50mW/cm 2, during illumination, the distance of high voltage mercury lamp and solution is 5-24cm, and solution is in whipped state, ensures that gained solution is more even.
Further, step 5) in, use acetone and dehydrated alcohol to wash respectively; In baking oven, drying temperature is 80 DEG C, dry 12 hours, part low-boiling-point organic compound is evaporated.
Further, step 6) in, described heat-treat condition is: from room temperature to 200 DEG C, keeps 0.5-5h, then is warming up to 400-700 DEG C, keeps 0.5-2h, temperature rise rate 2 DEG C/min-5 DEG C/min.
The present invention have developed a kind of submicron extremely micron-sized Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure taking nano particle as minimum unit and form, strip-like features makes material be more conducive to practical application, this pattern has higher degree of crystallinity and larger specific surface area, aperture wherein on nano particle can as the microreactor holding molecule, the intergranular pore of large-size is then conducive to flowing and the transmission of molecule, and the combination of this several characteristic makes this material have a wide range of applications potentiality in fields such as sensing, absorption, catalysis, fluorescence, electrode materialss.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is in embodiment 1, the high multiple electron scanning micrograph of the zinc hydroxide-organic high molecular polymer composite structure of formation.
Fig. 2 is the electron scanning micrograph with the Zinc oxide nano sheet of multi-stage artery structure will obtained after the composite structure thermal treatment in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 a is in embodiment 1, and form the transmission electron microscope photo with the nano particle of the Zinc oxide nano sheet of multi-stage artery structure, Fig. 3 b is the high-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens photo of nano particle in Fig. 3 a.
Fig. 4 is the X-ray diffraction photo with the Zinc oxide nano sheet of multi-stage artery structure obtained after being heat-treated by the composite structure in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Be described and illustrated in more detail the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but those skilled in the art will recognize that these embodiments only for illustrating the present invention, it does not form any restriction to scope of the present invention.The implementation condition adopted in embodiment can do further adjustment according to actual conditions, and not marked condition is generally the condition in normal experiment, and specific embodiment of the invention process is described by the following examples.
Embodiment 1
By the zinc nitrate aqueous solution of 10.6g Triton, 8.6mL n-hexyl alcohol, 0.065mol/L, 30mL hexanaphthene mix and blend 16h, then dropwise will be joined in above-mentioned solution by ammonia water saturated 20mL cyclohexane solution, wherein the mol ratio of water and Triton is 15:1.Dissolve 2g acrylamide and 0.05g Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate with 25mL n-hexyl alcohol, after above-mentioned solution mixing and stirring, being placed on predominant wavelength is while stirring irradiate 10min under the high voltage mercury lamp of 365nm, and wherein intensity of illumination is 36mW/cm 2.With acetone and washing with alcohol, separating obtained solution, solid product takes out after putting into 80 DEG C of dry 12h of baking oven, obtains zinc hydroxide-organic high molecular polymer composite structure.In retort furnace, 200 DEG C keep 2h, then are warming up to 500 DEG C of maintenance 0.5h, and temperature rise rate 2 DEG C/min, obtains the Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure.
As can be seen from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the Zinc oxide nano sheet obtained, surface arrangement has vesicular structure, and porous pattern keeps good, and the described Zinc oxide nano sheet length of side is 0.4 μm, and thickness is 30nm, and there is the duct of 20nm on surface; Zinc oxide nanoparticle is monocrystalline, and specific surface area is 22.028m 2g -1, the particle diameter forming the Zinc oxide nanoparticle of described nanometer sheet is 30nm, and surface arrangement has the mesopore orbit of 3nm.As seen from Figure 4, the product obtained after thermal treatment, has higher degree of crystallinity.
Embodiment 2
By the zinc nitrate aqueous solution of 10.6g Triton, 8.6mL n-propyl alcohol, 0.065mol/L, 30mL hexanaphthene mix and blend 16h, then dropwise will be joined in above-mentioned solution by ammonia water saturated 20mL cyclohexane solution, wherein the mol ratio of water and Triton is 5:1.Dissolve 2g acrylamide and 0.05g dimethoxybenzoin with 25mL n-propyl alcohol, after above-mentioned solution mixing and stirring, irradiate 10min under being placed on high voltage mercury lamp while stirring, wherein intensity of illumination is 36mW/cm 2.With acetone and washing with alcohol, separating obtained solution, solid product takes out after putting into 80 DEG C of dry 12h of baking oven, obtains zinc hydroxide-organic high molecular polymer composite structure.In retort furnace, 200 DEG C keep 3h, then are warming up to 500 DEG C of maintenance 0.5h, and temperature rise rate 4 DEG C/min, obtains the Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure.The described Zinc oxide nano sheet length of side is 1.3 μm, and thickness is 70nm, and there is the duct of 40nm on surface; Zinc oxide nanoparticle is monocrystalline, and specific surface area is 22.028m 2g -1, the particle diameter forming the Zinc oxide nanoparticle of described nanometer sheet is 120nm, and surface arrangement has the mesopore orbit of 9nm.
Embodiment 3
By the zinc nitrate aqueous solution of 15.9g Triton, 8.6mL Pentyl alcohol, 0.08mol/L, 30mL hexanaphthene mix and blend 16h, then dropwise will be joined in above-mentioned solution by ammonia water saturated 20mL cyclohexane solution, wherein the mol ratio of water and Triton is 25:1.Dissolve 3g acrylamide and 0.075g Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate with 25mL Pentyl alcohol, after above-mentioned solution mixing and stirring, irradiate 5min under being placed on high voltage mercury lamp while stirring, wherein intensity of illumination is 48mW/cm 2.With acetone and washing with alcohol, separating obtained solution, solid product takes out after putting into 80 DEG C of dry 12h of baking oven, obtains zinc hydroxide-organic high molecular polymer composite structure.In retort furnace, 200 DEG C keep 0.5h, then are warming up to 500 DEG C of maintenance 1.5h, and temperature rise rate 5 DEG C/min, obtains the Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure.The described Zinc oxide nano sheet length of side is 095 μm, and thickness is 50nm, and there is the duct of 30nm on surface; Zinc oxide nanoparticle is monocrystalline, and specific surface area is 22.028m 2g -1, the particle diameter forming the Zinc oxide nanoparticle of described nanometer sheet is 75nm, and surface arrangement has the mesopore orbit of 6nm.
Embodiment 4
By the zinc sulfate solution of 11.2g Triton, 8.6mL Pentyl alcohol, 0.245mol/L, 30mL hexanaphthene mix and blend 16h, then dropwise will be joined in above-mentioned solution by ammonia water saturated 20mL cyclohexane solution, wherein the mol ratio of water and Triton is 10:1.Dissolve 1g acrylamide and 0.025g dimethoxybenzoin with 25mL Pentyl alcohol, after above-mentioned solution mixing and stirring, irradiate 15min under being placed on high voltage mercury lamp while stirring, wherein intensity of illumination is 24mW/cm 2, the distance of high voltage mercury lamp and solution is 15cm.With acetone and washing with alcohol, separating obtained solution, solid product takes out after putting into 80 DEG C of dry 12h of baking oven, obtains zinc hydroxide-organic high molecular polymer composite structure.In retort furnace, 200 DEG C keep 4h, then are warming up to 450 DEG C of maintenance 2h, and temperature rise rate 3 DEG C/min, obtains the Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure.
Embodiment 5
By the aqueous zinc acetate solution of 6.5g Triton, 4.3mL n-hexyl alcohol, 0.245mol/L, 30mL hexanaphthene mix and blend 16h, then dropwise will be joined in above-mentioned solution by ammonia water saturated 20mL cyclohexane solution, wherein the mol ratio of water and Triton is 15:1.Dissolve 2g acrylamide and 0.05g Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate with 25mL n-hexyl alcohol, after above-mentioned solution mixing and stirring, irradiate 10min under being placed on high voltage mercury lamp while stirring, wherein intensity of illumination is 36mW/cm 2, the distance of high voltage mercury lamp and solution is 5cm.With acetone and washing with alcohol, separating obtained solution, solid product takes out after putting into 80 DEG C of dry 12h of baking oven, obtains zinc hydroxide-organic high molecular polymer composite structure.In retort furnace, 200 DEG C keep 2h, then are warming up to 500 DEG C of maintenance 1h, and temperature rise rate 3 DEG C/min, obtains the Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure.
Embodiment 6
By the zinc nitrate aqueous solution of 10.6g Triton, 8.6mL n-hexyl alcohol, 0.145mol/L, 30mL hexanaphthene mix and blend 16h, then dropwise will be joined in above-mentioned solution by ammonia water saturated 20mL cyclohexane solution, wherein the mol ratio of water and Triton is 50:1.Dissolve 4g acrylamide and 0.1g Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate with 25mL n-hexyl alcohol, after above-mentioned solution mixing and stirring, irradiate 15min under being placed on high voltage mercury lamp while stirring, wherein intensity of illumination is 12mW/cm 2, the distance of high voltage mercury lamp and solution is 24cm.With acetone and washing with alcohol, separating obtained solution, solid product takes out after putting into 80 DEG C of dry 12h of baking oven, obtains zinc hydroxide-organic high molecular polymer composite structure.In retort furnace, 200 DEG C keep 5h, then are warming up to 400 DEG C of maintenance 2h, and temperature rise rate 5 DEG C/min, obtains the Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure.
Embodiment 7
By the zinc nitrate aqueous solution of 10.6g Triton, 12.9mL n-hexyl alcohol, 0.195mol/L, 30mL hexanaphthene mix and blend 12h, then dropwise will be joined in above-mentioned solution by ammonia water saturated 20mL cyclohexane solution, wherein the mol ratio of water and Triton is 15:1.Dissolve 2g acrylamide and 0.05g Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate with 25mL n-hexyl alcohol, after above-mentioned solution mixing and stirring, irradiate 10min under being placed on high voltage mercury lamp while stirring, wherein intensity of illumination is 4mW/cm 2.With acetone and washing with alcohol, separating obtained solution, solid product takes out after putting into 80 DEG C of dry 12h of baking oven, obtains zinc hydroxide-organic high molecular polymer composite structure.In retort furnace, 200 DEG C keep 1h, then are warming up to 600 DEG C of maintenance 0.5h, and temperature rise rate 2 DEG C/min, obtains the Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure.
Embodiment 8
By the zinc nitrate aqueous solution of 15.3g Triton, 8.6mL n-hexyl alcohol, 0.0.245mol/L, 30mL hexanaphthene mix and blend 14h, then dropwise will be joined in above-mentioned solution by ammonia water saturated 20mL cyclohexane solution, wherein the mol ratio of water and Triton is 30:1.Dissolve 1g acrylamide and 0.025g Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate with 25mL n-hexyl alcohol, after above-mentioned solution mixing and stirring, irradiate 5min under being placed on high voltage mercury lamp while stirring, wherein intensity of illumination is 50mW/cm 2.With acetone and washing with alcohol, separating obtained solution, solid product takes out after putting into 80 DEG C of dry 12h of baking oven, obtains zinc hydroxide-organic high molecular polymer composite structure.In retort furnace, 200 DEG C keep 0.5h, then are warming up to 700 DEG C of maintenance 0.5h, and temperature rise rate 5 DEG C/min, obtains the Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure.

Claims (10)

1. have a Zinc oxide nano sheet for multi-stage artery structure, it is characterized in that, described Zinc oxide nano sheet is porous laminated structure, and the described Zinc oxide nano sheet length of side is 0.4-1.3 μm, and thickness is 30-70nm, and there is the duct of 20-40nm on surface.
2. the Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the specific surface area of described Zinc oxide nano sheet is 22.028m 2g -1, the particle diameter forming the Zinc oxide nanoparticle of described nanometer sheet is 30-120nm, and surface arrangement has the mesopore orbit of 3-9nm.
3. there is the preparation method of the Zinc oxide nano sheet of multi-stage artery structure according to any one of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) get Triton, alcoholic solvent, zinc salt solution and hexanaphthene, fully stir, and obtains solution;
2) dropwise step 1 will be joined by the water saturated cyclohexane solution of ammonia) in gained solution, fully stir;
3) Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate or dimethoxybenzoin one of them and acrylamide are dissolved in alcoholic solvent, the solution of formation are joined step 2) in gained solution, stir;
4) by step 3) gained solution irradiates under being placed in high voltage mercury lamp;
5) by step 4) gained solution left standstill, washing, is separated, and it is dry that gained solid matter puts into baking oven;
6) by step 5) gained material puts into retort furnace and heat-treats, and obtains the Zinc oxide nano sheet with multi-stage artery structure.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described alcoholic solvent is n-hexyl alcohol, Pentyl alcohol or n-propyl alcohol.
5. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the mol ratio of described acrylamide and zinc salt is (1.7-19): 1, and the mol ratio of water and Triton is (5-50): 1.
6. preparation method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, step 1) in, the concentration of described zinc salt solution is 0.065mol/L-0.245mol/L, the mass ratio of described Triton and alcoholic solvent is (1:1)-(3:1), and the mol ratio of zinc salt and Triton is (0.06-1.01): 1; Described zinc salt is zinc nitrate, zinc acetate or zinc sulfate.
7. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, step 3) in, the quality of described Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate or dimethoxybenzoin is 2.5% of acrylamide quality.
8. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, step 4) in, the predominant wavelength of described high voltage mercury lamp is 365nm, and light application time is 5-15min; Intensity of illumination is 4mW/cm 2-50mW/cm 2, during illumination, the distance of high voltage mercury lamp and solution is 5-24cm.
9. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, step 5) in, use acetone and dehydrated alcohol to wash respectively; In baking oven, drying temperature is 80 DEG C, dry 12 hours.
10. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, step 6) in, described heat-treat condition is: from room temperature to 200 DEG C, keeps 0.5-5h, then is warming up to 400-700 DEG C, keeps 0.5-2h, temperature rise rate 2 DEG C/min-5 DEG C/min.
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