CN104966548B - A kind of perovskite conductive carbon paste used for solar batteries, carbon are to electrode, battery and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of perovskite conductive carbon paste used for solar batteries, carbon are to electrode, battery and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of perovskite conductive carbon paste used for solar batteries, it includes organic solvent, binding agent and conductive filler, and also including inorganic additive, the inorganic additive is ZrO2Or NiO powder, it is 6%~15% that the binding agent accounts for conductive carbon paste mass percent, and it is 14%~20% that the conductive filler accounts for conductive carbon paste mass percent, and it is 3%~5% that the inorganic additive accounts for conductive carbon paste mass percent.A kind of perovskite carbon used for solar batteries is also disclosed to electrode, uses conductive carbon paste as described above to be prepared with screen printing mode.And a kind of perovskite solar cell, including carbon as described above are disclosed to electrode.Also disclose a kind of method for preparing above-mentioned conductive carbon paste.Conductive carbon paste of the present invention will not only corrode perovskite thin film, moreover it is possible to improve electricity conversion.
Description
Technical field
It is used for solar batteries more particularly, to a kind of perovskite the invention belongs to perovskite area of solar cell
Conductive carbon paste and preparation method thereof, the conductive carbon paste can be used to preparing perovskite solar cell to electrode.
Background technology
Along with coal, oil, natural gas these three fossil energies continuous burning, the gradually aggravation of energy crisis, environment
The degree of pollution is also gradually deepened, and a kind of fungible energy source of cleanliness without any pollution is found in people's active demand.Wherein, solar energy takes
It is nexhaustible not to the utmost, be always one of preferable alternative energy source of people.Perovskite solar cell is developed in nearest 5 years
The nova of the photovoltaic industry got up, its electricity conversion is via 3.8% initial lifting to 20.4%.Light so high
Electric transformation efficiency makes it have the development potentiality instead of high cost polysilicon and monocrystaline silicon solar cell.
In the preparation technology of perovskite solar cell, generally made using electron beam evaporation depositing noble metal gold or silver
It is battery to electrode.The vacuum of electron beam evaporation technological requirement is very high, adds the consumption of gold and silver so that solar energy
Battery preparation cost is higher, is unfavorable for the large area mass production of battery.Therefore, seek cheap alternative to electrode preparation
Technique is also the focus of perovskite area of solar cell research.
Carbon material contains abundant on earth, cheap and easily prepared, and research finds, work function and gold and the silver-colored phase of carbon
Closely, gold or silver can be replaced as solar cell to electrode with carbon in theory.Wherein more feasible scheme is by carbon material
Mixed to be prepared into a kind of conductive carbon pastes with some other additive and auxiliary agent, then printed by silk-screen printing technique
Into conductive carbon film be used as battery to electrode.But, the conductive carbon paste that (1) is industrially used be by dimethylbenzene, cyclohexanone,
The organic solvents such as isophorone are formulated, though such solvent has preferable silk-screen printing performance, can corrode solar cell
The perovskite thin film on surface, therefore preparation of the perovskite solar cell to electrode can not be directly applied for.(2) it is existing to lead
In plasma-based material, the compound phenomenon of light induced electron is commonplace, and this is an impediment to improve electricity conversion.
The content of the invention
It is used for solar batteries the invention provides a kind of perovskite for the disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement of prior art
Conductive carbon paste and preparation method thereof, it is intended that addition organic catalyst NiO or ZrO in a solvent2, NiO or ZrO2
Potential barrier is produced on energy level, the backflow of light induced electron is hindered, electricity conversion should be able to be mutually improved.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of perovskite conduction used for solar batteries
Carbon is starched, and it includes organic solvent, binding agent and conductive filler characterized in that, also including inorganic additive, the inorganic addition
Agent is ZrO2Or NiO powder, it is 6%~15% that the binding agent accounts for conductive carbon paste mass percent, and the conductive filler is accounted for leads
Electrical carbon slurry mass percent is 14%~20%, and it is 3%~5% that the inorganic additive accounts for conductive carbon paste mass percent.
Used as preferred, ZrO2 the or NiO powder diameters are 30nm~50nm.
Used as preferred, conductive filler includes nano carbon black powder and flaky graphite powder, the particle diameter of the nano carbon black powder
It is 30nm~50nm.
Used as preferred, the particle diameter of the flaky graphite powder is 1 μm~10 μm.
Used as preferred, the binding agent is a kind of or many in acrylic resin, ethyl cellulose and butadiene-styrene rubber
Kind;The solvent is one or more in toluene, isopropanol, ethyl acetate or chlorobenzene.
According to second method of the invention, a kind of perovskite carbon used for solar batteries is also provided to electrode, its feature exists
In using conductive carbon paste as described above to be prepared with screen printing mode.
According to the 3rd method of the invention, a kind of perovskite solar cell is also provided, it includes carbon as described above
To electrode.
According to the 4th method of the invention, a kind of method for preparing conductive carbon paste as described above is also provided, including such as
Lower step:
S1:In the organic solvent for dissolving the binder in, transparent mobility solution is formed;
S2:Mixed-powder to conductive filler and inorganic additive performs ball-milling treatment, obtains well mixed powder;
S3:The well mixed powder is inserted in the mobility solution, ball-milling treatment is then performed, obtains conductive
Carbon is starched.
Further, in the step S1, the magnetic agitation at a temperature of 50 DEG C~70 DEG C so that binding agent be dissolved in it is organic
Solvent;In the step S3, zirconium pearl is added to carry out ball milling.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, can obtain down and show
Beneficial effect.
(1) ZrO is added in slurry2Or NiO is used as additive, both materials can produce potential barrier on energy level, stop and carry
Stream is compound, plays increase photogenerated current, lifts the effect of electricity conversion.Experiment proof, adds ZrO2Or NiO is used as adding
Plus electricity conversion can be significantly improved during agent.Further, inorganic additive account for conductive carbon paste mass percent for 3%~
When 5%, conductive capability is not both interfered with, moreover it is possible to stop Carrier recombination.
(2), using crystalline flake graphite as conductive filler, after preparing film forming, sheet resistance is low, good conductivity for slurry.Graphite powder is in piece
Shape structure, makes what is be serrated with the structure in base after film, contacts bad.A certain amount of nano carbon black is added in the slurry
Powder, the particle diameter of nano carbon black powder is 30nm~50nm, and after silk-screen film forming, particle diameter can for the nano carbon black powder of 30nm~50nm
It is filled in the hole between crystalline flake graphite and solar cell photosensitive layer so that carbon can be with battery light anode surface to electrode
Light-sensitive material is fully contacted, and is more beneficial for the collection of photo-generated carrier.Further, since nano carbon black powder has larger specific surface
Product, its specific surface area is 10~3000m2/ g, introduces nano carbon black powder in electrode, and catalysis can be played to photoelectric process
Effect.Experiment shows that flaky graphite powder is 3~8 with nano carbon black powder mass ratio:When 1, both coordinate best, conductive carbon
Slurry is prepared into better performances after battery.
(3) using toluene, isopropanol, ethyl acetate or chlorobenzene as solvent, such organic solvent will not corrode calcium titanium
Pit wood material, and can directly using screen printing technique prepare solar cell to electrode, the fusing point of above solvent is low, volatilization
Hurry up, the conductive carbon paste prepared using it after silk-screen printing film forming, at low temperature can drying, greatly simplify to electrode
Preparation technology, reduces preparation cost.Further, using acrylic resin and ethyl cellulose simultaneously as the viscous of slurry
Knot agent, the binding agent as filmogen, with preferable film forming.Especially when acrylic resin and the matter of ethyl cellulose
Amount is than being 3:1~3, experiment is proved, its filming performance is more preferable.
(4) after the conductive carbon pastes that the present invention is provided prepare film forming, film is uniform, strong with substrate adhesion, and the slurry
Material can film formation at low temp, drying is fast, and caking property is strong, good conductivity, it is adaptable to which prepared by large area, can directly apply to perovskite too
The preparation of positive energy counter electrode of battery.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be the embodiment of the present invention 1 to 6 conductive carbon paste be prepared into carbon to electrode after, be assembled into solar cell
Battery performance correlation curve.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as additionally, technical characteristic involved in invention described below each implementation method
Not constituting conflict each other can just be mutually combined.
The present invention, there is provided a kind of perovskite conductive carbon paste used for solar batteries, it includes organic solvent, binding agent and leads
Electric filler, solvent is using one or more in toluene, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, chlorobenzene, and acrylic resin and ethyl are fine
The plain binding agent as slurry of dimension, used as conductive filler, nano carbon black powder is used as catalyst, ZrO for flaky graphite2Or NiO
As inorganic additive.
In order to prevent perovskite light-sensitive material by solvent corrosion, preparing solvent that conductive carbon paste used must be using will not
Corrode the organic solvent of perovskite material, such as toluene, isopropanol, ethyl acetate and chlorobenzene.And using acrylic resin, fourth
Benzene rubber and ethyl cellulose lift the adhesion between slurry and substrate as binding agent.
Using crystalline flake graphite as conductive filler in solute.Be applied to solar cell to electrode, the particle diameter pair of graphite
The performance of battery is also very crucial.Though the raising that larger particle diameter can be good, can strong influence to the electric conductivity of electrode
Carbon to the contact situation of electrode and perovskite light-sensitive material film, so as to have influence on the collection of photo-generated carrier;Secondly, if stone
Black particle diameter is too small, and the contact resistance between each particle diameter will be significantly raised, and carbon is deteriorated to electrode film electric conductivity, equally understands shadow
Ring the photoelectric conversion performance of solar cell.Therefore, in the configuration process of slurry, it is necessary to consider 2 factors of the above,
It is necessary to optimize the particle diameter of graphite, the particle diameter of flaky graphite powder is preferably 1 μm~20 μm.
Nanometer carbon black powder, also known as carbon black, are a kind of amorphous carbon, are a kind of light, loose and superfine black powder, surface area
Very big, scope is from 10~3000m2/ g, is that carbonaceous material through imperfect combustion or is thermally decomposed under conditions of lack of air
Obtained by product, have catalysis activity higher, can be as the preparation of additive application to conductive carbon pastes among, being capable of filled stone
Space between ink and perovskite thin film, makes up the deficiency that crystalline flake graphite is contacted with perovskite thin film.The particle diameter of nano carbon black powder
Preferably 30nm~100nm.
It is one of key factor of influence solar cell photoelectric conversion performance that photo-generated carrier is combined, and refers to photosensitive material
After material is excited generation electronics and hole by illumination, because the defect between interface makes it be combined again, main influence photoproduction electricity
The size of stream.In order to stop the compound of carrier, ZrO can be added in conductive carbon paste2Or NiO, both materials can be in energy level
Upper generation potential barrier, so as to play a part of to stop Carrier recombination, lifts photovoltage, can finally improve electricity conversion.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is used to prepare conductive carbon paste.
S1:The magnetic agitation 3h at a temperature of 50 DEG C, in the organic solvent for dissolving the binder in, forms transparent mobility
Solution;Binding agent acrylic resin and ethyl cellulose;The solvent is toluene.The binding agent accounts for conductive carbon paste quality percentage
Than being 10%.It is 15% that the conductive filler accounts for conductive carbon paste mass percent;The inorganic additive accounts for conductive carbon paste quality
Percentage is 3.5%.
S2:Mixed-powder to conductive filler and inorganic additive performs ball-milling treatment, obtains well mixed powder;Nothing
Machine additive is ZrO2Powder, ZrO2Particle diameter is 40nm, and conductive filler includes nano carbon black powder and flaky graphite powder, its quality
Than being 1:4, the particle diameter of the nano carbon black powder is 40nm, and the particle diameter of the flaky graphite powder is 1 μm.
S3:The well mixed powder is inserted in the mobility solution, zirconium pearl is subsequently added into and is performed ball-milling treatment,
Obtain conductive carbon paste.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is used to prepare conductive carbon paste.
S1:The magnetic agitation 4h at a temperature of 60 DEG C, in the organic solvent for dissolving the binder in, forms transparent mobility
Solution;Binding agent acrylic resin and ethyl cellulose;The solvent is ethyl acetate.The binding agent accounts for conductive carbon paste quality
Percentage is 6%, and it is 20% that the conductive filler accounts for conductive carbon paste mass percent;The inorganic additive accounts for conductive carbon paste matter
Amount percentage is 5%.
S2:Mixed-powder to conductive filler and inorganic additive performs ball-milling treatment, obtains well mixed powder;Nothing
Machine additive is ZrO2, ZrO2Powder diameter is 50nm, and conductive filler includes nano carbon black powder and flaky graphite powder, its quality
Than being 1:3, the particle diameter of the nano carbon black powder is 30nm, and the particle diameter of the flaky graphite powder is 3 μm.
S3:The well mixed powder is inserted in the mobility solution, zirconium pearl is subsequently added into and is performed ball-milling treatment,
Obtain conductive carbon paste.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is used to prepare conductive carbon paste.
S1:The magnetic agitation 4h at a temperature of 70 DEG C, in the organic solvent for dissolving the binder in, forms transparent mobility
Solution;Binding agent acrylic resin and ethyl cellulose;The solvent is ethyl acetate.The binding agent accounts for conductive carbon paste quality
Percentage is 15%, and it is 18% that the conductive filler accounts for conductive carbon paste mass percent;The inorganic additive accounts for conductive carbon paste
Mass percent is 3%.
S2:Mixed-powder to conductive filler and inorganic additive performs ball-milling treatment, obtains well mixed powder;Nothing
Machine additive is NiO, and NiO powder diameters are 30nm, and conductive filler includes nano carbon black powder and flaky graphite powder, its mass ratio
It is 1:3, the particle diameter of the nano carbon black powder is 50nm, and the particle diameter of the flaky graphite powder is 5 μm.
S3:The well mixed powder is inserted in the mobility solution, zirconium pearl is subsequently added into and is performed ball-milling treatment,
Obtain conductive carbon paste.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is used to prepare conductive carbon paste.
S1:The magnetic agitation 5h at a temperature of 65 DEG C, in the organic solvent for dissolving the binder in, forms transparent mobility
Solution;Binding agent acrylic resin and ethyl cellulose;The solvent is isopropanol.The binding agent accounts for conductive carbon paste quality hundred
Divide than being 7%, it is 14% that the conductive filler accounts for conductive carbon paste mass percent;The inorganic additive accounts for conductive carbon paste quality
Percentage is 3%.
S2:Mixed-powder to conductive filler and inorganic additive performs ball-milling treatment, obtains well mixed powder;Nothing
Machine additive is NiO, and NiO powder diameters are 50nm, and conductive filler includes nano carbon black powder and flaky graphite powder, its mass ratio
It is 1:5, the particle diameter of the nano carbon black powder is 50nm, and the particle diameter of the flaky graphite powder is 10 μm.
S3:The well mixed powder is inserted in the mobility solution, zirconium pearl is subsequently added into and is performed ball-milling treatment,
Obtain conductive carbon paste.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is used to prepare conductive carbon paste.
S1:The magnetic agitation 5h at a temperature of 60 DEG C, in the organic solvent for dissolving the binder in, forms transparent mobility
Solution;Binding agent acrylic resin and ethyl cellulose;The solvent is chlorobenzene.The binding agent accounts for conductive carbon paste quality percentage
Than being 6%, it is 15% that the conductive filler accounts for conductive carbon paste mass percent;The inorganic additive accounts for conductive carbon paste quality hundred
Divide than being 3.5%.
S2:Mixed-powder to conductive filler and inorganic additive performs ball-milling treatment, obtains well mixed powder;Nothing
Machine additive is ZrO2, ZrO2Powder diameter is 30nm, and conductive filler includes nano carbon black powder and flaky graphite powder, its quality
Than being 1:8, the particle diameter of the nano carbon black powder is 50nm, and the particle diameter of the flaky graphite powder is 1 μm.
S3:The well mixed powder is inserted in the mobility solution, zirconium pearl is subsequently added into and is performed ball-milling treatment,
Obtain conductive carbon paste.
Embodiment 6 (comparative example)
The present embodiment is used to prepare conductive carbon paste, but does not add inorganic additive.
S1:The magnetic agitation 5h at a temperature of 60 DEG C, in the organic solvent for dissolving the binder in, forms transparent mobility
Solution;Binding agent acrylic resin and ethyl cellulose;The solvent is ethyl acetate.The binding agent accounts for conductive carbon paste quality
Percentage is 6%, and it is 15% that the conductive filler accounts for conductive carbon paste mass percent.
S2:Ball-milling treatment is performed to conductive filler powder, well mixed powder is obtained;This embodiment does not use any nothing
Machine additive, conductive filler includes nano carbon black powder and flaky graphite powder, and its mass ratio is 1:3, the nano carbon black powder
Particle diameter is 40nm, and the particle diameter of the flaky graphite powder is 1 μm.
S3:The well mixed powder is inserted in the mobility solution, zirconium pearl is subsequently added into and is performed ball-milling treatment,
Obtain conductive carbon paste.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment is used to prepare carbon to electrode.
Printed on perovskite solar battery light anode by screen printing technique with the conductive carbon paste of completion made above
One layer of conductive carbon film of brush.Then 10min is dried under 60 DEG C of environment, treats that organic solvent fully volatilizees, you can complete battery carbon pair
The preparation of electrode.Six kinds of embodiments are corresponding to obtain six kinds of carbon to electrode.
After the conductive carbon paste of the embodiment of the present invention 1 to 6 is prepared into carbon to electrode, solar cell, test electricity are assembled into
Pond performance obtains correlation curve as shown in Figure 1.Can be drawn by experimental result, prepared by conductive carbon paste of the present invention
Carbon has open-circuit voltage higher to electrode perovskite solar cell.Compared to the cell embodiments 6 without addition inorganic additive
For, ZrO2And the introducing of NiO can reduce the compound of photo-generated carrier, so as to lift photogenerated current density.For implementation
Example 4 and embodiment 5, graphite particle diameter is excessive and hydrocarbon black powder content crosses that I haven't seen you for ages causes carbon-coating and perovskite photosensitive layer contact surface
Defect is more, and then influences the size of battery photogenerated current, finally results in relatively low electricity conversion.
The battery efficiency result figure of table 1
Jsc/mA cm-2 | Voc/V | FF | PCE | |
Embodiment 1 | 21.37 | 0.81 | 0.39 | 6.89% |
Embodiment 2 | 21.58 | 0.84 | 0.41 | 7.47% |
Embodiment 3 | 21.47 | 0.87 | 0.36 | 6.69% |
Embodiment 4 | 15.6 | 0.85 | 0.36 | 4.79% |
Embodiment 5 | 17.85 | 0.87 | 0.36 | 5.58% |
Embodiment 6 | 17.35 | 0.86 | 0.36 | 5.36% |
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not used to
The limitation present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles in the present invention etc., all should include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of perovskite conductive carbon paste used for solar batteries, it includes organic solvent, binding agent and conductive filler, and its feature exists
In also including inorganic additive, the inorganic additive is ZrO2Or NiO powder, the binding agent accounts for conductive carbon paste quality hundred
Divide than being 6%~15%, it is 14%~20% that the conductive filler accounts for conductive carbon paste mass percent, and the inorganic additive is accounted for
Conductive carbon paste mass percent is 3%~5%,
Using toluene, isopropanol, ethyl acetate or chlorobenzene as organic solvent,
ZrO2Or NiO powder can produce potential barrier on energy level, the backflow of light induced electron is hindered.
2. a kind of perovskite conductive carbon paste used for solar batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the ZrO2Or NiO
Powder diameter is 30nm~50nm.
3. a kind of perovskite conductive carbon paste used for solar batteries as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that conductive filler
Including nano carbon black powder and flaky graphite powder, the particle diameter of the nano carbon black powder is 30nm~50nm.
4. a kind of perovskite conductive carbon paste used for solar batteries as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the flakey stone
The particle diameter of ink powder is 1 μm~10 μm.
5. a kind of perovskite conductive carbon paste used for solar batteries as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the bonding
Agent be acrylic resin, ethyl cellulose and butadiene-styrene rubber in one or more;The solvent is toluene, isopropanol, second
One or more in acetoacetic ester or chlorobenzene.
6. a kind of perovskite carbon used for solar batteries is to electrode, it is characterised in that use leading as described in one of claim 1-5
Electrical carbon slurry is prepared with screen printing mode.
7. a kind of perovskite solar cell, it is characterised in that it includes carbon as claimed in claim 6 to electrode.
8. a kind of method for preparing the conductive carbon paste as described in one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1:In the organic solvent for dissolving the binder in, transparent mobility solution is formed;
S2:Mixed-powder to conductive filler and inorganic additive performs ball-milling treatment, obtains well mixed powder;
S3:The well mixed powder is inserted in the mobility solution, ball-milling treatment is then performed, conductive carbon is obtained
Slurry.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that in the step S1, magnetic force is stirred at a temperature of 50 DEG C~70 DEG C
Mix, so that binding agent is dissolved in organic solvent;In the step S3, zirconium pearl is added to carry out ball milling.
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