CN104965518A - Power inspection tour flying robot air route planning method based on three-dimensional digital map - Google Patents
Power inspection tour flying robot air route planning method based on three-dimensional digital map Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power inspection tour flying robot air route planning method based on a three-dimensional digital map in the technical field of power transmission line inspection tour flying robot air route planning method research. The method comprises: acquiring three-dimensional data information of terrain and surface features near a power line by using laser scanning technology and constructing a corresponding three-dimensional digital map; generating a barrier map according to the three-dimensional digital map and establishing a safe flight path for the inspection tour flying robot; if a weather condition which is not beneficial to flying robot inspection tour happens, immediately making an emergency landing in order to enable the flying robot safely land as near as possible, and reclaiming the flying robot after the emergency situation finishes; if no special weather condition happens, enabling the flying robot to determine whether an inspection tour task is completed after performing inspection tour for a certain time; if the inspection tour task is completed, enabling the flying robot to return along the original safe flight path; and if the inspection tour task is not completed, enabling the flying robot to perform autonomous risk avoiding according to the established safe flight path.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to polling transmission line flying robot flight course planning technique study technical field, particularly a kind of electric inspection process flying robot flight course planning method based on Three-dimensional Numeric Map.
Background technology
Along with the progress of science and technology, the tour of transmission line of electricity is replaced by patrolling and examining slowly to be patrolled and examined by flying robot by initial people.Like this, the work risk of staff is just greatly reduced.But meanwhile, because the rugged surroundings factors such as line of electric force Terrain, atural object, meteorology and flying robot self run into the impact of emergency situations, causing patrolling and examining flying robot needs to carry out path planning and urgent danger prevention.
Current overhead transmission line is patrolled and examined flying robot and can be patrolled and examined transmission line of electricity preferably, but in the process of making an inspection tour, the safety set up is kept away and prominently when barrier flight path seldom considers flying robot's operation is aloft met rugged surroundings (storm etc.) and dynamic barrier (as occurred suddenly some birds etc.), does not also have a set of perfect flight course planning method to solve these emergency situations.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, the present invention proposes a kind of electric inspection process flying robot flight course planning method based on Three-dimensional Numeric Map, and it is characterized in that, the method comprises:
Step 1: the three-dimensional data information being gathered line of electric force Terrain atural object by laser scanner technique, and build corresponding Three-dimensional Numeric Map;
Step 2: according to Three-dimensional Numeric Map dyspoiesis thing map, and utilize the high frequency probability 3D mapping framework based on Octree to generate global context map, automatically the certain semantic model by mission requirements is set up again by airborne comprehensive sensor, thus utilize local multiresolution to keep away the paths planning method hindering and combine with layering structure, set up the safe flight path patrolling and examining flying robot;
Step 3: meet if prominent and be unfavorable for the weather condition that flying robot patrols and examines, then take emergency landing immediately, make flying robot's safe landing nearby, again etc. to be recycled after emergency situations terminates;
Step 4: if without special weather situation, then crusing robot judges after patrolling and examining setting-up time whether patrol task completes; If patrol task completes, then make a return voyage by former safe flight route; If patrol task does not complete, then carry out autonomous hedging according to the safe flight path in step 2.
Local multiresolution in described step 2 is kept away and is hindered the paths planning method that combines with layering structure and comprise following sub-step:
Sub-step 101: set top for the task incipient stage, accessible around, a series of destination of regulation in advance, patrols and examines flying robot in flight course and flies according to these destinations; Because global context map can not change at these destinations, therefore use Global motion planning when starting task;
In the global context map that the high frequency probability 3D mapping framework based on Octree produces, each node on behalf of Octree one is called the cubic volume of voxel; Wherein, leaf node n is z in sensor measurement distance
1:ttime probability be expressed as
This formula is by current distance z
t, P (n) Prior Probability and sensor measurement distance be z
1:t-1time probability P (n|z
1:t-1) determine; The method not only can take known spatial, but also can take arbitrarily unknown space;
Finally, Global motion planning enters lower one deck as input layer, local multiresolution path planning layer;
Described top for mission planning layer and global path planning layer, drawn by certain semantic model and global context map respectively;
Sub-step 102: at local multiresolution path planning layer, adopt the path planning based on grid, adopt multiple to patrol and examine the 3D grid that the size centered by flying robot is M × M × M, by the method for recurrence, these grids are embedded each other, obtain the uniform grid that size is N × N × N, in the grid of each M × M × M, all comprise a unit;
Described local multiresolution path planning layer is obtained by airborne sensor, global context map and partial barriers map;
Step 103: for the planning in grid, needs embedding non-directed graph, and grid inside connects all grids around; In the grid of patrolling and examining centered by flying robot, use a kind of graph search algorithm to carry out path planning, finally obtain the most effective the shortest path in grid;
Step 104: in lowermost layer, break the barriers map and motion model are set up a local based on self-adaptation obstacle region of rejection and are kept away barrier layer as safe floor; All barriers are regarded as the place of the highest repulsion degree, and robot always moves to the place of low repulsion degree from the place of height repulsion degree.
Described global context map utilizes the high frequency probability 3D mapping framework based on Octree to generate.
Described certain semantic model is by the automatic foundation by mission requirements of airborne comprehensive sensor.
Described partial barriers map is generated by Three-dimensional Numeric Map.
The design in described safe flight path to consider hot line job safe distance, helicopter avoid when flying electromagnetic field interference, ensure away from the sampled point nearest from fixed obstacle enough with the self-adaptation radius of turn ρ allowing flying robot one minimum simultaneously
min, wherein,
wherein, V is the constant travel speed of flying robot, Φ
maxthe maximum deflection angle of flying robot) convolution can avoiding obstacles, without any collision.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be the present invention is based on Three-dimensional Numeric Map patrol and examine flying robot's flight course planning process flow diagram.
Fig. 2 keeps away barrier with layering structure in conjunction with path planning process figure for patrolling and examining flying robot local multiresolution.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the method that the present invention proposes is further described.
Be illustrated in figure 1 the present invention is based on Three-dimensional Numeric Map patrol and examine flying robot's flight course planning process flow diagram; The method concrete steps are:
1) gathered the three-dimensional data information of line of electric force Terrain atural object by laser scanner technique, and build corresponding Three-dimensional Numeric Map;
2) according to Three-dimensional Numeric Map dyspoiesis thing map, and utilize the high frequency probability 3D mapping framework based on Octree to generate global context map, in addition the certain semantic model by mission requirements is automatically set up by airborne comprehensive sensor, thus utilize local multiresolution to keep away the paths planning method hindering and combine with layering structure, set up the safe flight path patrolling and examining flying robot.
Be illustrated in figure 2 patrol and examine flying robot local multiresolution keep away barrier with layering structure in conjunction with path planning process figure, these paths planning method concrete steps are:
First, designing top is mission planning layer and global path planning layer, is drawn respectively by semantic model and global context map.This is two-layer is the task incipient stage, and accessible around, therefore artificially can specify a series of destination in advance, flying robot must fly according to these destinations in flight course.Because environmental map can not change at these destinations, therefore use Global motion planning when starting task.In the global context map that the high frequency probability 3D mapping framework based on Octree produces, each node on behalf of Octree one is called the cubic volume of voxel.Wherein, leaf node n is z in sensor measurement distance
1:ttime probability be expressed as
This formula is by current distance z
t, P (n) Prior Probability and sensor measurement distance be z
1:t-1time probability P (n|z
1:t-1) determine.The method not only can take known spatial, but also can take arbitrarily unknown space.Finally, Global motion planning enters lower one deck as input layer, local multiresolution path planning layer.
Secondly, design local multiresolution path planning layer, this layer is obtained by airborne sensor, global context map and partial barriers map.At local multiresolution path planning layer, adopt the path planning based on grid, and when distance increases, reduce the resolution of grid, when distance reduces, improve resolution accuracy.For this path planning layer, adopt the 3D grid that multiple size centered by flying robot is M × M × M, by the method for recurrence, these grids are embedded each other, obtain the uniform grid that size is N × N × N, in the grid of each M × M × M, all comprise (log
2(N/M)+1) M
3individual unit.For the planning in grid, need embedding non-directed graph, grid inside connects all grids around.In the grid centered by robot, a kind of graph search algorithm is used to carry out path planning.In this searching algorithm, to connect the start node of node as search of eight most inside cell grids, the cost on traversal border is that the boundary length two parts by being drawn by Euclidean distance between the obstacle cost of its institute's join domain and central area are tried to achieve, i.e. f (n)=g (n)+d (n).The length of this barrier cost g (n) each unit for edge score is multiplied by, and obtained to the Euclidean distance d (n) of object element by heuristic search, wherein,
finally obtain the most effective the shortest path in grid.
Finally, break the barriers map and motion model design a local based on self-adaptation obstacle region of rejection and keep away barrier layer as safe floor, and it is the bottom of this structure.All barriers are all regarded as the place of the highest repulsion degree, flying robot patrols and examines in process can repel these barriers automatically, impact point is regarded as the place of minimum repulsion degree, and therefore the movement locus of flying robot always moves to the place of low repulsion degree from the place of height repulsion degree.If the positional information of flying robot is q
robot=[x, y, z]
t, target position information is q
goal=[x
goal, y
goal, z
goal]
t, the position of i-th barrier is q
obstacle(i)=[x
obstacle, y
obstacle, z
obstacle]
t, then robot to the repulsion degree function of i-th barrier is
robot can be expressed as to the repulsion degree function of impact point
wherein, k
rep (i)represent the repulsion degree scale-up factor of robot to i-th barrier, q
robot-q
obstaclerepresent position q
robotto the distance of i-th barrier.By the descent direction of search synthesis repulsion degree, realize the collision-free Trajectory Planning of Welding of flying robot.When flying robot is prominent meet dynamic barrier time (birds as flight), this layer by the little barrier of the sensor senses on robot platform frequency and avoid the collision of these barriers.If flying robot from barrier too close to, this safe floor can also reduce the speed of flying robot or make its complete stop motion.The local avoidance obstacle instruction that the speed reducing crusing robot can be sent by airborne microcontroller acts on speeds control layer and is controlled, and airborne Hovering control device then can force it to stop at a certain position.
3) by information such as device measuring wind speed, humidity, Ground Meteorological such as anemoscope, humidity sensor and weather satellite.Meet meteorology change (as storm etc.) being unfavorable for that flying robot patrols and examines if prominent, take emergency landing immediately, make flying robot's safe landing nearby fast, again etc. to be recycled after emergency situations terminates;
4) if change without special weather, flying robot judges after patrolling and examining a period of time whether patrol task completes, if complete, make a return voyage by former safe flight route, if do not complete, then always according to step 2) in best safety flight path carry out autonomous hedging.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (6)
1., based on an electric inspection process flying robot flight course planning method for Three-dimensional Numeric Map, it is characterized in that described method comprises:
Step 1: the three-dimensional data information being gathered line of electric force Terrain atural object by laser scanner technique, and build corresponding Three-dimensional Numeric Map;
Step 2: according to Three-dimensional Numeric Map dyspoiesis thing map, and utilize the high frequency probability 3D mapping framework based on Octree to generate global context map, automatically the certain semantic model by mission requirements is set up again by airborne comprehensive sensor, thus utilize local multiresolution to keep away the paths planning method hindering and combine with layering structure, set up the safe flight path patrolling and examining flying robot;
Step 3: meet if prominent and be unfavorable for the weather condition that flying robot patrols and examines, then take emergency landing immediately, make flying robot's safe landing nearby, again etc. to be recycled after emergency situations terminates;
Step 4: if without special weather situation, then crusing robot judges after patrolling and examining setting-up time whether patrol task completes; If patrol task completes, then make a return voyage by former safe flight route; If patrol task does not complete, then carry out autonomous hedging according to the safe flight path in step 2.
2. method according to claim 1, the local multiresolution that it is characterized in that in described step 2 is kept away and is hindered the paths planning method combined with layering structure and comprise following sub-step:
Sub-step 101: set top for the task incipient stage, accessible around, a series of destination of regulation in advance, patrols and examines flying robot in flight course and flies according to these destinations; Because global context map can not change at these destinations, therefore use Global motion planning when starting task;
In the global context map that the high frequency probability 3D mapping framework based on Octree produces, each node on behalf of Octree one is called the cubic volume of voxel; Wherein, leaf node n is z in sensor measurement distance
1:ttime probability be expressed as
This formula is by current distance z
t, P (n) Prior Probability and sensor measurement distance be z
1:t-1time probability P (n|z
1:t-1) determine; The method not only can take known spatial, but also can take arbitrarily unknown space;
Finally, Global motion planning enters lower one deck as input layer, local multiresolution path planning layer;
Described top for mission planning layer and global path planning layer, drawn by certain semantic model and global context map respectively;
Sub-step 102: at local multiresolution path planning layer, adopt the path planning based on grid, adopt multiple to patrol and examine the 3D grid that the size centered by flying robot is M × M × M, by the method for recurrence, these grids are embedded each other, obtain the uniform grid that size is N × N × N, in the grid of each M × M × M, all comprise a unit;
Described local multiresolution path planning layer is obtained by airborne sensor, global context map and partial barriers map;
Step 103: for the planning in grid, needs embedding non-directed graph, and grid inside connects all grids around; In the grid of patrolling and examining centered by flying robot, use a kind of graph search algorithm to carry out path planning, finally obtain the most effective the shortest path in grid;
Step 104: in lowermost layer, break the barriers map and motion model are set up a local based on self-adaptation obstacle region of rejection and are kept away barrier layer as safe floor; All barriers are regarded as the place of the highest repulsion degree, and robot always moves to the place of low repulsion degree from the place of height repulsion degree.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described global context map utilizes the high frequency probability 3D mapping framework based on Octree to generate.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described certain semantic model is by the automatic foundation by mission requirements of airborne comprehensive sensor.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described partial barriers map is generated by Three-dimensional Numeric Map.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the design in described safe flight path to consider hot line job safe distance, helicopter avoid when flying electromagnetic field interference, ensure away from the sampled point nearest from fixed obstacle enough with the self-adaptation radius of turn ρ allowing flying robot one minimum simultaneously
min, wherein,
wherein, V is the constant travel speed of flying robot, Φ
maxthe maximum deflection angle of flying robot) convolution can avoiding obstacles, without any collision.
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