CN104956573B - Motor - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of motor, it includes the multiple rotor parts (2,52,221,261,391,401,411) for being configured to the multiple dismountable modular stator parts (1,50,51,200,201,210,211,220,260,390,400,410) for being assembled to form stator and being configured to be assembled to form rotor.One in stator component and rotor part has the first radial component and the second radial component, and another in stator component and rotor part has the 3rd radial component.Separation gap limits between the first radial component and the second radial component.3rd radial component is positioned in separation gap.Rotor can move relative to stator.Motor can produce the sinusoidal the air gap MMF distributions with minimum distortion.

Description

Motor

Technical field

The present invention relates to motor, and more particularly to but be not limited to direct-drive motor, such as the generating with winding Machine, it allows stator to be modular, to promote to produce, to test and assembling process.

Background technology

Most of wind turbine generator and tide hydrogenerators are driven by mechanical gear case, the mechanical tooth Roller box amplifies rotary speed, so as to improve their generating in the case where not increasing their size substantially.Gear teeth Roller box has sizable weight and size in itself.Although the developing history of technology is long, current gear-box still suffers from can The problem of by property, the totle drilling cost of this increase energy.

In response to the weakness of gear-box, it has been suggested that made by using direct drive generator together with solid state power converter For saving gear-box.In the case of no gear-box, for identical generating capacity, direct drive generator necessarily compares Using gear-box those much bigger generators, because direct drive generator has relatively low rotating speed.Direct drive generator is simultaneously It is not without problems, because reliability is transferred into generator in the case where lacking gear-box.The external diameter of direct drive generator In engineering development and there is one challenge of formation in terms of manufacture, production management and logistics.

Direct-drive type tide hydrogenerator can have the air gap flooded by seawater between the stator and the rotor.Machinery Formula rolling element bearing is unsuitable for subsea use, and is expensive for this larger-diameter machine.It is on the contrary, this The stator and rotor of " wet type " generator are supported by the ship level low friction bearing of journals operated based on hydrodynamic lubrication. Compared compared to the motor supported by rolling element bearing, have the wet type generator of the bearing of journals generally stator and rotor it Between there is relatively large mechanical clearance.

In order to which easy to manufacture is also for economic cause, large-scale direct drive generator is generally by by multiple small-sized machine zones Section is assemblied together and formed.It is some it is independent, be parallel-laid into stator section can surround machine circumferential distribution, to form axle To flux generator.Each stator section may include to be encapsulated in electronics magnetic core in caisson, concentrating coil and some electric group Part.One shortcoming of this layout is due to that sizable spacing between stator section can be filled by active magnetic material in addition And there is limited power capacity.Conventional three-phase Double Layer Winding will cause the machine of more power density, but due to phase around Group is overlapped each other around machine, and stator can not be segmented in the case of without pendency coil.

Underlapped concentrating coil and/or fractional-slot winding is very universal in magneto.However, they do not have to feeling Answer in formula motor, the opposite magnetic field harmonics because they induct in the rotor, this causes low-down torque.Squirrel-cage and solid Steel rotor is substantially the short-circuit conductive structure of no any current path limited in advance, so as to which the electric current inducted will produce richness Harmonic wave containing magnetomotive force (MMF).A means to save the situation for the problem is to use wound rotor, and it has and basic stator Magnetomotive force identical number of poles, so as not to other harmonic waves of inducting.Although it is not using wound rotor for wet type induction generator It is unpractical, but its structure can be complicated somewhat.

Linear response formula motor is proposed, it has relative two stator of sandwiched electric rotors disk.Two fixed Son is offset from one another so that the concentrating coil from the second stator can be by the odd-multiple of the half-wavelength of non-hope number of poles or by non- Wish the odd-multiple displacement of the whole wavelength of number of poles, and with the sense of current reversed.This arrangement eliminates the even number in magnetic field Integer harmonics, while strengthen required main field.This Harmonics elimination requirement is shared from the equal and balance of skew stator. If any one stator can not operate, even harmonic is not cancelled, then can cause big negative torque, and it offsets main rotating forward Square.The air gap on rotor both sides also should be equal on paper.When the rotor for having relatively large in the axial direction is inclined During shifting, it is undesirable to MMF harmonic waves will not be entirely eliminated.

The construction of wet type generator is somewhat more more complicated than dry type generator, because must be prevented from water invades the electric of key In component.Coil usable resins are encapsulated and sub-assembly is further protected by stainless steel casing.Alternatively, stator section and coil It can be encapsulated in plastic casing in resin.For all removing the air void in resin and coil, whole sub-assembly will need It is irrigated under the vacuum pressures, which increase the production cost of coil.Once detect that failure or sub-assembly are considered as uncomfortable In use, then whole coil assembly will be dropped.

The content of the invention

According to one aspect, there is provided a kind of motor, it can be used for tidal energy to collect application, wherein unique rotary part is Ring-shaped rotor.Due to no gear-box, power transmission shaft and mechanical rolling element bearing reduce cost, and simplify whole system. The air gap of machine can be full of seawater.

Axial magnetic flux induction generator can be provided, it has the Double-face ring stator of sandwiched ring shaped conductive disk.Rotor disk Can be iron-core-free to reduce the corrosion being directly exposed to caused by seawater.Another additional benefits is the weight of rotor disk Amount is smaller than the rotor of permanent magnet installation, and this causes lighter, the relatively low static friction suitable for turbine and relatively low inertia Rotor.Annular dish structure be significantly simplify into manufacturing process as rotor compared to coiling or cage rotor.

The stator and rotor of modularization or segmentation can be provided, it can be assembled in a manner of a kind of side is to side, with Just continuous annular stator and continuous ring-shaped rotor are formed respectively.Modular stator can be identical so that they can Independently tested in production period.Any module in generator can easily be changed.Accommodate the water of power converter Lower casing can be integrated into each modular stator.

Modular stator can have winding scheme, its generation and that with the conventional motor of distributed and overlapping winding The MMF being substantially identical a bit.Coil can not be overlapping between two adjacent modular stators, and can be not at hanging position Under.MMF magnetic fields can sinusoidal shape substantially be characterized.Fundametal compoment may be most dominant.

Even if winding scheme can be when big rotor displacement be present, the sinusoidal waveform for the MMF that inducts substantially is protected Deposit.Volume prescription case can be configured for single-phase or multiphase the motor of generator.

The coil can be previously prepared concentric before being inserted into stator slot or overlapped.Coil turn number can dissipate with them Cloth changes across multiple grooves.Coil can sufficiently be insulated so that they need not be encapsulated in resin.Coil also can be direct Exposed to seawater to promote to radiate.

General axial magnetic flux induction machine may be present, it has the Double-face ring rotor of sandwiched annular stator.Stator It may include discrete ferromagnetic magnetic pole, it can be kept and be spaced apart by annual disk.Each rotor may include conductive plate and iron pan (shield Iron).

Winding arrangement can be provided, it is applied to linear electric machine, radial flux and axial magnetic flux electric rotating machine, and above-mentioned motor can Be induction type, permanent magnetism, around field synchronization, double-fed induction or synchronous magnetic resistance motor.

Brief description of the drawings

In order that it is of the invention be easily understood by the following description and the effect that easily tries out, non-limiting reality will be passed through now The merely illustrative embodiment of example is described, and description is referring to the drawings.In the accompanying drawings：

Fig. 1 is the decomposition diagram of axial-flux electric machine, and it has assembling to form whole continuous stator respectively and turn The modular stator and Modular rotor of son；

Fig. 2 shows a modular double-side stator arrangement and the modular rotor shown in Fig. 1；

Fig. 3 shows to accommodate the caisson of a folded stator lasmination shown in Fig. 1；

Fig. 4 shows the single-phase induction formula motor of the prior art with the symmetric winding being distributed in 16 groove stators, its In, (a) is radial flux motor, and (b) is axial flux motor, and (c) is the equivalently represented of groove and coil；

Fig. 5 shows single-phase, axial magnetic flux induction machine, wherein,

(a) it is the layout with concentric winding；

(b) it is the layout with lapping winding；And

(c) it is the equivalent winding scheme that includes multiple elementary cells；

Fig. 6 is shown：

(a) single-phase, the axial magnetic flux induction machine of double-side stator are included, the wherein assists winding of stator is used as middle magnetic Pole winding；

(b) the air gap magnetic field as caused by main winding；And

(c) the air gap magnetic field as caused by assists winding；

Fig. 7 is shown：

(a) single-phase, axial magnetic flux induction machine equivalent range winding scheme；And

(b) its air gap magnetic field harmonic；

Fig. 8 is shown：

(a) single-phase, axial magnetic flux induction machine equivalent short distance winding scheme；And

(b) its air gap magnetic field harmonic；

Fig. 9 is shown：

(a) there is single-phase, axial magnetic flux induction machine the winding scheme of sine windings；And

(b) its air gap magnetic field harmonic；

Figure 10 is shown：

(a) single-phase, the axial magnetic flux induction type electricity with sine windings and with each elementary cell higher number coil The winding scheme of machine；And

(b) its air gap magnetic field harmonic；

Figure 11 is shown：

(a) the equivalent range winding scheme of three-phase, axial magnetic flux induction machine；And

(b) identical winding scheme, but the coil with overlapping phase；

Figure 12 is shown：

(a) the equivalent short distance winding scheme of three-phase, axial magnetic flux induction machine；And

(b) equivalent short distance Double Layer Winding；

Figure 13 is shown：

(a) the equivalent 8/9 short distance winding scheme of three-phase, axial magnetic flux induction machine；And

(b) 8/9 equivalent short distance Double Layer Winding；

Figure 14 is shown：

(a) the equivalent 7/9 short distance winding scheme of three-phase, axial magnetic flux induction machine；And

(b) 7/9 equivalent short distance Double Layer Winding；

Figure 15 is shown：

(a) three-phase with more preferable groove utilization rate, the equivalent short distance winding scheme of axial magnetic flux induction machine；

(b) there is the A phase coils of the average coil pitch for 4；And

(c) there are all phase coils of the average coil pitch for 6；

Figure 16 shows three-phase, the winding scheme of axial magnetic flux induction machine with Asymmetric two-sided stator；

Figure 17 shows the winding scheme of three-phase, axial magnetic flux induction machine, and the winding of one of phase is symmetrical double Split between the stator of face；

Figure 18 shows out the winding scheme of three-phase, axial magnetic flux induction machine, and the winding of one of phase is symmetrical Split between double-side stator and the number of turn of all phase coils is allocated；

Figure 19 shows five phases, the winding scheme of axial magnetic flux induction machine；

Figure 20 shows there is five phases of overlapped stitchess, the winding scheme of axial magnetic flux induction machine；

Figure 21 is shown：

(a) six phases, the winding scheme of axial magnetic flux induction machine；And

(b) power converter of phase coil is fed；

Figure 22 is the decomposition diagram of axial-flux electric machine, wherein 8 modular stators and 8 modular rotor sets It is filled with and just forms complete continuous stator and rotor respectively；

Figure 23 shows a modular stator and a modular two-sided rotor；

Figure 24 is shown：

(a) magnetic pole of the stator of a folded ferromagnetic laminates is included；

(b) magnetic pole of the stator of the non-ferric including rectangular cross section or iron block；And

(c) the folded lamination being contained in caisson；

Figure 25 shows the staggered ends of modular stator；

Figure 26 shows single-phase, axial magnetic flux induction machine, wherein：

(a) it is the layout with concentric winding；

(b) it is the layout with lapping winding；And

(c) it is the equivalent winding scheme that includes multiple elementary cells；

Figure 27 shows single-phase, axial magnetic flux induction machine winding scheme, and its assists winding is as consequent pole winding Winding；

Figure 28 shows the winding scheme of the single-phase axial magnetic flux induction machine with sine windings；

Figure 29 shows the single-phase axial magnetic flux sense of the higher number of turn coil with sine windings and with each elementary cell Answer the winding scheme of formula motor；

Figure 30 shows the winding scheme of three-phase, axial magnetic flux induction machine；

Figure 31 shows three-phase, the winding of axial magnetic flux induction machine of the higher number of turn coil with each elementary cell Scheme；

Figure 32 shows the winding scheme with the three-phase of overlapped stitchess, axial magnetic flux induction machine；

Figure 33 shows the equivalent 8/9 short distance winding scheme of three-phase, axial magnetic flux induction machine；

Figure 34 is three-phase, the equivalent short distance winding scheme of axial magnetic flux induction machine for having more preferable groove utilization rate；

Figure 35 is three-phase, the winding scheme of axial magnetic flux induction machine being allocated with its number of turn；

Figure 36 is three-phase, the modification winding scheme of axial magnetic flux induction machine being allocated with its number of turn；

Figure 37 is shown：

(a) five phases, the winding scheme of axial magnetic flux induction machine；And

(b) there is overlapping winding；

Figure 38 is shown：

(a) six phases, the winding scheme of axial magnetic flux induction machine；And

(b) power converter of phase coil is fed；

According to another embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 39 is shown：

(a) radial flux, the rotary inductive formula motor of a double-side stator are included；And

(b) its modular stator and modular rotor；

Figure 40 is shown：

(a) radial flux, the rotary inductive formula motor of a two-sided rotor are included；And

(b) its modular stator and modular rotor；

Figure 41 is shown：

(a) radial flux, the rotary inductive formula motor of single the air gap；And

(b) its modular stator and modular rotor；

Figure 42 shows the magneto with double-side stator；

Figure 43 shows the magneto with two-sided rotor；

Figure 44 shows the Halbach array magneto with two-sided rotor；

Figure 45 be have double-side stator around field synchronization motor；

Figure 46 be have two-sided rotor around field synchronization motor；

Figure 47 shows the synchronous magnetic resistance motor with double-side stator；And

Figure 48 shows the synchronous magnetic resistance motor with two-sided rotor.

Embodiment

Preferred embodiments disclosed herein relates generally to the Large Underwater turbine using direct drive generator, but also same Sample is applied to wind turbine, Wave power machine and/or electric vehicle.

First embodiment

A kind of axial magnetic flux induction generator is provided herein, and it has the annular two-sided fixed of sandwiched single ring-shaped rotor Son.Double-side stator and rotor both of which are modular to complete to be formed in production and in the circumferential head and the tail assembling Motor.Fig. 1 is the example of this sub-assembly, wherein respectively across 12 modular stators 1 of 30 degree of mechanical angles and 12 Modular rotor 2 respectively constitutes complete annular stator and rotor.Any amount of modular stator 1 or Modular rotor 2 Also can be according to actually providing.There is the supporting construction 3 of modular stator mount point to determine in order to be assembled to adjacent modularization Son.The modular stator assembled provides the seamless electric current link point for being equivalent to and motor being made up of continuous annular stator Cloth.This causes the non-destructive rotating excitation field in the air gap, wherein having essentially identical peak value in whole Annular machine Amplitude and spatial relationship.

Fig. 2 shows a modular stator 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention and a mould across a reality for changing rotor 2 Example.Axial-flux electric machine with double-side stator 4 is radially extended with two and substantially parallel stator module, fixed at two The air gap that energy is derived from is limited between sub-component.Rotor, which has, can be positioned on coil 6 therebetween and can be revolved relative to coil 6 The rotor assembly 5 radially extended turned, the MMF components so inducted in rotor 2 are caused by two stators 4, as the MMF to induct The stator is maximally effective when component is sinusoidal.If appropriate current chain can be provided by coil 6 so as to make by oneself The magnetic flux of sub- magnetic pole side can reach the opposite side of magnetic pole of the stator laterally across the air gap, can make in a symmetrical manner With iron-core-free rotor.This layout is favourable, and its reason is to avoid the iron caused by being directly exposed to seawater Corrosion, and simple conductive plate 5 can be used.Rotor disk 5 can be made up of the metal for including copper and aluminium with low-resistivity. Modular rotor disk 5 can be connected or be linked together in the circumferential, so create continuous short circuit in peritrochanteric.

Fig. 3 shows the side of double-side stator 4.Stator may include the ferromagnetic material 8 stacked, such as electric steel or mild steel, suitably Ground is laminated and generally insulated in order to the application of dry type axial-flux electric machine.The whole stacking of stator iron can be sprayed-on or scribble Multilayer flashing protective coating 9 is so as to suitable for offshore applications.The coating lamination of stator lasmination is preferably accommodated in the inside of plastic box 10, Plastic box 10 is used to strengthen protection to prevent from surprisingly wearing and to prevent water from immersing, as shown in Figure 3.Space 11 in case Waterproof resin compound can be filled or replaced for iron type materials, this causes the groove with parallel sides.Case 10 is before it There is toothed feature on face, it is described to match with tooth feature and the physics jut 12 and groove 13 of axial magnetic flux stator.Carrying on the back The surface of face flat place is hermetically sealed.In figure 3 in shown example, case, which is fully contemplated by magnetic pole of the stator, includes the width of pole tip 14 Degree.Although the thrust for preventing directly contacting and rub between stator and rotor or the bearing of journals may be present, itself it is still preferred that Covered with protection cap and strengthen the stator pole face of case, the protection cap is used as the auxiliary protection from abrasion.The protection cap can It is made up of the substantially solid and nonmetallic material including glass fibre.Double-side stator is fixed to supporting construction 3.

Coil 6 can be wound in the original location, or previously prepared coil can be plugged into and be limited by case 10 and outside stator iron 8 Stator slot 13 in.This arrangement is compared to the process being encapsulated in both stator iron and enamel covered wire circle in resin advantageously more It is easily fabricated.Be directly exposed to seawater mean it is higher by the radiating efficiency of conductor insulation sheath.The conductor of coil 6 is preferably Insulated with the plastic sheath of the high dielectric strength of impermeable seawater.Can use with the PVC generally found in immersible pump, The winding conducting wire that PE2+PA and HT4 sheath is insulated.Modular stator 1 can have end staggeredly so that coil 6 is complete It is contained in entirely in sub-assembly.Coil 6 can be concentric or overlap joint coil.The number of turn also may extend across multiple grooves 13 and change in proportion, with Obtain more sinusoidal MMF.

In fig. 2, waterproof underwater shell 7, which can be made into, is integrated into supporting construction 3.Coil terminal can be via appropriate compression Sealing shroud enters underwater shell 7, can be interconnected here with other coils 6.Alternatively, coil terminal can shell under water outside Joint connects.Underwater shell 7 can also accommodate the power converter for being responsible for conversion produced power in module.Power conversion is set The standby stator that is integrated into simplifies production and in advance deployment, wherein each modular stator can independently be tested and be configured to " insert Use " formula.The modular stator of failure also can be changed easily without influenceing normal module.

The winding scheme of the phase of restriction axial magnetic flux induction generator is described now with reference to Fig. 5 to Figure 21.Term " elementary cell " will be frequently used has the section for crossing over the basic winding extremely to length to limit.The modular stator 1 may include an elementary cell or multiple elementary cells, to be suitable for the application of.

Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4 (b) be shown respectively prior art radial flux and axial magnetic flux inductor motor single-phase 2 Pole winding scheme.Term " single-phase " refers to the winding for being connected to single phase ac power network or single-phase power converter, but is in order at The reason for practical, they generally had two phase windings.The cylinder shape stator of 16 grooves is by hypothetically cut-out and deploys (such as dotted line Shown in arrow) so that kept flat in their groove and coil such as Fig. 4 (c).Single-phase induction motor has two phase windings, one It is main winding and another is assists winding, is expressed as " M " and " A ".The purpose of assists winding is electric to induction type is started Motivation provides help, because the sinusoidal voltage under zero spinner velocity only encourages main winding to produce arteries and veins under the frequency in source Dynamic the air gap MMF.This is due to positive sequence torque (because MMF advances forward) and negative sequence torque (because MMF is travelled rearwardly) Caused by counteracting, they are equal in amplitude, but in the opposite direction.

Referring now to Fig. 4 (c) two-phase Single-layer Windings, assists winding is relative to the main winding in orthogonal space.It is main around Group and assists winding occupy 8 grooves respectively, and the number of conductors of each groove identical be able to may also may differ.Main winding and auxiliary Help winding that there is the identical slot number (slot number/magnetic pole/phase) of each magnetic pole of each phase, i.e. qM=qA=4.Even if main winding There is the identical number of turn and identical line gauge with assists winding, their phase resistance differs because End winding for Two phases can be slightly different.Because the machine has a single-layer winding structure of single, the End winding of main coil and ancillary coil surrounds Stator overlaps each other.In the machine can be by stator and coil physically not in the case where not cutting off at least some coils The position of angle segment such as it is divided into.

Fig. 5 (a) shows how can split in a modular manner simultaneously according to the phase winding of the first embodiment of the present invention two Keep main winding and the general characteristics of assists winding.In double-side stator configuration, ancillary coil is rolled up at the side of stator 50 Around, and main coil is wound at the opposite side of stator 51.Two phases are orthogonal relative to each other in space.Rotor disk 52 is folded in Between relative stator 50 and 51.Arc 53 represents the End winding of link coil sides.For example, coil sides (M) chain at No. 1 groove The coil sides (M') being connected at No. 8 grooves.Both master phase and auxiliary phase include with 5 and 7 coil pitch it is concentric around Group 53.This is given 6 average coil pitch, and it is identical with Fig. 4 prior art winding scheme.Fig. 5 (b) shows to make The lapping winding 54 of the coil pitch of apparatus promising 6, it is provided and those identical electric current link distributions shown in Fig. 5 (a).Hereafter Disclosed winding scheme is shown as concentric winding, but by understood by those skilled in the art be can use take Lap winding.

Fig. 5 (c) is the winding schematic diagram for being equivalent to Fig. 5 (a), and plurality of elementary cell 55 connects more to be formed from beginning to end Pole motor.The schematical equivalents are shown without stator iron and hereafter will be helpful to discuss.Each elementary cell 55 Across 16 grooves such as isolated by thick line.Modular stator 1 may include an elementary cell 55 or multiple as previously defined Elementary cell 55.Two relative stators 50 and 51 offset relative to each other 4 grooves, so that they can not cut off or block It is split in the case of coil.The tooth and groove of relative stator are aligned across axial air gap.It can be seen that from figure Fig. 5 (a) Conductor is filled with not every stator slot.Because each stator side only has a phase, therefore stator break iron may extend away To fill these grooves.

In order to be operated as generator, the induction machine is connected to power converter, and wherein reactive power is come From energization alternating current circuit (in the opposite direction to the active power for being sent to alternating current circuit).Because tide flowing causes turbine Machine/rotor rotation, can omit the assists winding for startup, leave behind main coil and used in the stator.This layout Shortcoming is that cannot function as motor in induction machine to operate to start the turbine during stage for being flowed in low tide nighttide Machine.It is quiet between stator and the bearing of rotor to overcome to assist turbine to there are two windings preferably in generator Friction.It is interchangeable like that in addition, assists winding and the function of main winding can be similar to bidirectional inductive formula motor.

The startup of turbine can by assists winding Injection Current complete, the electric current of the injection is temporarily inclined Move the electric current for leading over main coil.Electric current injection order causes rotor to rotate to main winding from assists winding.On electric current Phase in advance can be by the way that the series capacitor between assists winding and single phase alternating current power supply be connected to realize.Alternatively, it is auxiliary Winding is helped to may be coupled directly to variable frequency converter, the pulse width modulated voltage source inventer such as with controlled rectifier Or current source inverter.The voltage of assists winding can change, to mitigate the torque pulsation across all operating points.

The substitute variants of single-phase axial magnetic flux induction generator are shown in Fig. 6 (a).Such winding scheme is derived from down The fact is stated, i.e., electric current link (inwardly or outwardly) in radial directions is responsible for producing magnetic field in the air gap, without pipe end How portion's winding around periphery carries out tissue.Ancillary coil is manipulated such that across the side between two adjacent elementary cells Boundary obtains consequent pole.Such winding is arranged such that stator can be split into the module of alignment, as shown in Fig. 6 (a).One Individual modular stator may include one or more elementary cells as limited by thick line.Fig. 6 (b) and Fig. 6 (c) be respectively by The air gap magnetic field caused by main winding and assists winding, advanced 90 degree of latter of which phase.Modification side in Fig. 6 (a) Case is equal to Fig. 5 (c) in terms of electric current link and the air gap magnetic field.However, auxiliary end winding will be correspondingly longer, this makes The winding for obtaining machine is somewhat asymmetric.If desired, the resistance increase on auxiliary phase can be by using with bigger The conductor of cross-sectional area is adjusted.But asymmetric winding reality single-phase induction motor in be it is common with Just high start torque is produced.

Fig. 6 (a) winding scheme extends to Double Layer Winding structure, wherein each stator side include main winding and auxiliary around Both groups, as shown in Fig. 7 (a).Assists winding occupies the bottom of groove, and main winding is resided at the upper strata of groove.Modularization is determined The main winding of sub- side and the stator tooth of assists winding and coil alignment are to the stator tooth and coil of opposite side, and they are combined To produce equivalent range winding.Fig. 7 (b) shows the respective air gap flux density harmonic as caused by main winding.If Machine is symmetrical, then assists winding also produces same result.If the main winding and assists winding at upper stator connect It is connected to the power converter independently of the winding at bottom stator, it is likely that the fault-tolerant ability of redundancy be present.Determine in modularization Any failure in power converter or coil in the either side of son will not result in total breakdown, because opposite side is still rising Effect is (under relatively low rated power).

In Fig. 7 (b), fundametal compoment is most important, but there is also some the 3rd and the 5th harmonic waves.Space harmonics content Can be by being linked similar to the electric current caused by short distance winding to reduce.It can commonly find that conventional Double Layer Winding has Short distance divides away from coil, wherein each coil turn returns since the bottom of a groove, and via the top layer of another groove.Can Offset to the left or to the right relative to bottom stator by the full-pitched coil of top stator and produce equivalent short distance effect.This Kind structure shows that wherein bottom stator causes a groove to be displaced to right side in Fig. 8 (a), creates a staggeredly elementary cell.One Individual modular stator may include as by the rough segmentation in Fig. 8 (a) it is offline limit an elementary cell or multiple elementary cells.Fig. 8 (b) harmonic wave as caused by range and short distance winding scheme is compared.Space harmonics content is reduced by the latter, because This its fundametal compoment is also reduced.

Electric current link distribution in two-phase winding electric machine can be by suitably distributing the number of turn and similar to sine in groove Curve.Fig. 9 (a) shows how motor may be adapted to the winding for being incorporated near sinusoidal.Difference in word size is specified in groove Number of conductors, wherein bold represent the conductor of higher amount.Fig. 9 (b) is shown similar to the resulting of scheme in Fig. 8 (a) The air gap magnetic flux density harmonic.Number of coils by increasing each elementary cell can be obtained between more preferable sinusoidal air Gap magnetic field.Figure 10 (a) is an example, wherein form an elementary cells per 6 ceoncentrically wound coils of phase, with Fig. 9 (a) around 4 ceoncentrically wound coils of every phase in prescription case are relative.Larger font represents the conductor of higher amount, and less font represents Less conductor.The magnetic field of two magnetic poles of gained is closer to preferable sine curve, as shown in Figure 10 (b).Fig. 5 (c), The undesirable harmonic wave of motor generally in Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 7 (a), 8 (a) and Fig. 9 (a) is subtracted by Figure 10 (a) windings scheme It is few.

The concept of modular stator arrangement is also applied for three phase electric machine.Compared to monophase machine, three phase electric machine nature real estate Raw more sinusoidal the air gap MMF, without sine windings.Figure 11 (a) shows to build by multiple elementary cell stators Three phase axial flux motor.Modular stator may include one or more elementary cells.Stator is subdivided into three layers, and The coil of one phase is restricted in a layer without being overlapped with other.A phases, B phases and C phase coils are with 120 degree of electrical angle It is spaced apart, and they occupy top layer, intermediate layer and the bottom of groove respectively.Each elementary cell crosses over 12 grooves, wherein slot number/ Magnetic pole/phase and average coil pitch are respectively equal to 2 and 6 (for example, groove 1-8 and 2-7 suitable for ceoncentrically wound coil, and suitable for taking The groove 1-7 and 2-8 of superimposing thread circle).Alternatively, phase coil can be overlapping in a Single-layer Windings, as shown in Figure 11 (b).Two The tooth and groove of individual relative stator are aligned with each other.Electric current link distribution at stator side is the mirror image of opposite side, and they Combine to produce the air gap MMF.Although fundametal compoment highest on relative amplitude, the air gap MMF that is obtained Also the higher order harmonics (5,7,11,13 etc.) of some non-three times is included, this is very common for full-pitched coil.

Because the phase coil on stator side is not physically overlapping with the coil at stator opposite side, it is possible to So that a stator offset a groove or the groove of higher amount relative to another stator, so as to produce monochord or short distance effect Fruit.In Figure 12 (a), the winding arrangement at top and bottom stator is identical with Figure 11's (a), but bottom stator is relative to institute State upper stator and move to left a slot pitch, so as to produce the winding for being equivalent to 5/6 short distance.Elementary cell is interlocked, but from two Stator tooth and the groove alignment of relative stator.Stator in Figure 12 (a) staggeredly can equally be mapped as prior art it is double-deck around Group, as shown in Figure 12 (b).5/6 conventional short distance Double Layer Winding has the coil across 5 slot pitches from the groove of upper layer Inward electric current to the outside current measurement at the groove of bottom layer.For example, " A " phase current is inside via No. 5 grooves of upper layer Flow and outwards flowed via No. 10 grooves in bottom layer.For the sake of clarity, A phase coils are only shown in Figure 12 (b) String.It is readily apparent that the phase coil of the Double Layer Winding of prior art is overlapping around all stators, and not not The point that stator is segmented in the case of cutting off coil End winding or having pendency coil.But the present invention can be segmented, and line Circle still completely includes wherein.This stator arrangement staggeredly advantageously achieves more preferable sinusoidal air compared to range arrangement Gap MMF.

Using identical winding theory, a slot pitch or two slot pitches can be shifted to have distinguished in the double-side stator of 18 grooves Arranged into 8/9 and 7/9 short distance.The winding cloth of 8/9 short distance axial magnetic flux induction machine is shown respectively in Figure 13 (a) and Figure 13 (b) Put and its 8/9 short distance Double Layer Winding of equivalent prior art.7/9 short distance axial magnetic flux is shown respectively in Figure 14 (a) and Figure 14 (b) The winding arrangement of induction machine and its 7/9 short distance Double Layer Winding of equivalent prior art.Between identical elementary cell Border is shown in bold.Modular stator may include the number of one or more elementary cells.Due to their slot number/magnetic Pole/phase is equal to 3, and the motor in Figure 13 (a) and Figure 14 (a) is compared has even lower space with Figure 12 (a) motor Harmonic content.

It may be such that coil occupies more grooves, to increase the groove utilization rate of motor.Figure 15 (a) shows double-side stator cloth Put, it has the three layer line circles for occupying groove 67%.Each phase windings have eight coils, and it is extremely right in 12 grooves to cause. Because each groove of stator has the coil sides from two-phase, not in the case that the coil assembling and dismantling of one of them of phase are not divided Can not be by stator-sectional.The elementary cell encapsulation B phases and the coil of C phases limited by the thick line in Figure 15 (a), but split A phases Coil.It is any to attempt to offset A phase coils so that they are encapsulated in the spatial relationship that distorted in separative element between phase. However, the End winding of A phases can be manipulated, so as to realize the identical electric current link distribution relative to B phases and C phases.Figure 15 (b) is the three-phase windings of an elementary cell.Phase B and C phase have one group of winding respectively, and it is included with the average line for 6 Enclose four ceoncentrically wound coils of pitch.A phase coils can be split into the winding of Liang Gegeng groups, and each of which group is not changing inwardly With two ceoncentrically wound coils being included in the case of outside CURRENT DISTRIBUTION in the unit of 12 grooves.

It is more shorter than the End winding of B phase and C phases with average four coil pitches, the End winding of A phases, it means that A Mutually by with smaller phase resistance.The number of turn in phase A coils is preferably constant to keep the electric current of machine link balance. But it can be adjusted in the length of A phases interior loop interconnection or its conductor size to obtain and the resistance identical of B phases and C phases electricity Resistance.Alternatively, may be such that A phases ceoncentrically wound coil cross over B phases and C phase identical coil pitches, as shown in Figure 15 (c).Across More six coil pitches mean that the End winding of A phases is necessarily overlapping.Nevertheless, the End winding of A phases not with B phases and C phases End winding it is overlapping, this represents obvious advantage.

Another winding arrangement is may also provide, wherein coil pitch is equal between phase, and does not have phase line Circle or End winding are overlapping.Because the MMF of the air gap is independently caused by each relative stator, may have asymmetrical Stator arrangement, this enables three-phase windings to be easily segmented.Figure 16 shows the side of asymmetrical double-side stator, wherein stator It is wound with A phase coils and opposite side is wound with B phases and C phase coils.Each elementary cell across 12 grooves is limited by thick line.Module The stator of change may include one or more elementary cells.Regardless of phase, every group of winding has identical coil pitch (τ=6 Individual slot pitch).Such arrangement is phase equilibrium, and keeps the excellent of non-overlapping winding simultaneously with groove utilization rate is maximized Gesture.

If necessary to geometrically symmetric stator, a coil of all groups that can be wound with first phase in the stator with And the half of second phase coil turn, and another stator can be wound with all groups of coils and second phase line of third phase Enclose the half of the number of turn.Figure 17 shows such winding arrangement according to a first embodiment of the present invention.Upper stator has all C The half of phase coil and the B phase coil numbers of turn, and bottom stator has the half of all A phase coils and the B phase coil numbers of turn.Fixed In every side of son, the winding layers of A phases and C phases are twice of B phase sizes, but when both sides are combined, the gross area of the groove of B phases Equal to A phases and the gross area of the groove of C phases.Matched each other from the axis of the B phase coils of stator both sides on space and direction, and Coil is connected in series, to obtain and A phases and the C phase identical numbers of turn.Figure 16 and Figure 17 coil can have in their respective layer There is the different numbers of turn, to produce short distance effect.By way of example, Figure 18 shows equivalent short distance winding scheme, wherein The number of conductor that the phase coil specified with bold has is twice of the phase coil with being specified with normal font.

Modular stator suitable for the axial-flux electric machine with higher number phase (4,5,6,7 phase etc.) is available Winding arrangement principle export disclosed above.Many arrangements of coil arrangement be present.For example, every side of double-side stator can have There are all phases or a half-phase.The asymmetric fractionation of phase coil can also be realized, wherein phase relative is determined at two Unequally split between son.In addition, all phases are attached at same neutral point, or each phase can connect as independent circuit It is connected to power converter.

Figure 19 is an example of the five-phase induction motor with asymmetric double-side stator, and wherein upper stator has three phases Position, and bottom stator has remaining two phases.Space Angle between each two phase is electrical angle spaced apart 72 degree.Base This unit is limited by the segmentation (being shown in bold) of the stator section of 10 grooves of encapsulation.One modular stator may include one Individual elementary cell or multiple elementary cells.Five phases may be connected to neutral point, and the terminal is connected to five phase power and turned Parallel operation.In order to fault-tolerant, phase can be connected as independent circuit with five single power inverter feeding phase coil A to E. Phase coil can also be compressed in individual layer and be placed on the both sides of stator.As shown in Figure 20, the phase of upper stator 200 Coil and the phase coil of bottom stator 201 are mirrored into, and the mode that they can connect or associate is connected to power together Converter.Alternatively, the phase coil of upper stator 200 and bottom stator 201 can be connected respectively to independent power converter.

Multiphase axial-flux electric machine can be also made up of two or more sets symmetrical phase windings.Figure 21 (a) be with two groups it is symmetrical Three-phase windings A1, B1, C1 and A2, B2, C2 form six-phase motor an example, they offset 30 degree of electrical angle. First group of winding is wound at upper stator 210, and second group winds at bottom stator 211.At upper stator 210 around The winding arrangement of group arrangement and bottom stator 211 is mirrored into, but the latter moves to right a groove, so as to produce the phase of 30 degree of electrical angles Move.Elementary cell is crossed over such as 12 grooves limited by the thick line in Figure 21 (a).Modular stator can include one substantially Unit or multiple elementary cells.Because coil sides occupy the odd bin at upper stator and the even number at bottom stator Groove, it can use each elementary cell that there is the double-side stator of six grooves.Shadow region in Figure 21 (a) can be adapted for 12 The ferromagnetic iron of the dead slot of the elementary cell of individual groove or elementary cell suitable for 6 grooves.The latter has non-between relative stator The stator tooth of alignment.

Figure 21 (b) shows the first group of three-phase windings fed by converter 212, and second group by single three Phase power converter 213 is fed, and the phase of power converter 213 postpones 30 degree of electrical angle relative to power converter 212.Should Advantage of the six phase windings configuration with elimination more low-order harmonic, and can be more fault-tolerant due to its pair of power converter topology. Winding in Figure 19, Figure 20 and Figure 21 extends to following proposal, and wherein coil sides occupy multiple grooves to improve MMF point Cloth.

It will now be described for the common feature of above-mentioned winding scheme.Every side of stator is produced independently of the near of opposite side It is distributed like sinusoidal current.When two stator arrangements are into the sandwiched non magnetic and rotor disk of electric conductivity, the MMF of total the air gap is The magnetomotive superposition in the air gap as caused by corresponding stator.Sent out for the axial magnetic flux wet type with fluid dynamic journal bearings It is equal the air gap separation all to have for motor, between rotor and stator in whole machine.Between the machinery of permission Any rotor displacement in gap in the axial direction will cause the air gap MMF that main sinusoidal is inducted.This is this hair A bright clear superiority.

Although disclosed in this invention axial magnetic flux induction generator utilize the stator of trough of belt, winding scheme can also fit Motor for slotless.Term " slotless " refers to separating the smooth magnetic the air gap of stator and rotor.In operating process In coil in the removable slotless electric machines of Lorentz force that is applied on conductor, such coil must be by nonmagnetic fixture machinery Ground is secured in place down, and the fixture includes the jut similar to actual stator odontoid.Alternatively, coil also may be used To be the resin being immersed in suitable installation shell.May be such that the coil being encapsulated in resin broaden with fill otherwise will be by resin Occupied space.Slotless induction machine needs very high magnetizing current due to their larger the air gap.Not In the case of stator tooth being present, coil turn can increase, and magnetize MMF reduction with compensation.

Second embodiment

According to second embodiment, there is provided a kind of axial-flux electric machine, it has the sandwiched annular stator component radially extended A pair of 220 radially extend and substantially parallel ring-shaped rotor component 221.Continuous annular stator is by the way that multiple modularizations are determined Head and the tail are assembled and formed son in the circumferential.Figure 22 shows an example of this sub-assembly, wherein crossing over 45 degree of mechanical angles respectively 8 modular stators 220 and 8 modular rotors 221 of degree constitute complete annular stator.Implement similar to first Machine disclosed in example, can provide any amount of modular stator 220 and Modular rotor 221.Rotor 221 can have Have or without with 220 equal number of module of stator.Upon assembly, modular stator 220 is provided and is equivalent to by continuous The seamless electric current link distribution of motor constructed by annular stator.The air gap magnetic field has basic phase in whole Annular machine Same peak amplitude and spatial relationship.

Figure 23 is exemplarily illustrated what modular stator 220 and rotor section 221 may include.In the single stator arrangement In, magnetic flux predominantly axially is crossed along magnetic pole of the stator 233 and circumferentially returned via rotor disk 237.Because in the stator In the presence of the nominal Zero flux circumferentially crossed, stator ferromagnetic yoke can be dispensed with, and leave behind magnetic pole of the stator 233.This is special It is not favourable, because the stator suitable for the stacking of axial-flux electric machine is difficult to manufacture.In the case of no yoke, magnetic pole of the stator 233 can be made up of the lamination of discrete stacking, and the lamination has the same transverse facial contour across machine axial depth.These from Scattered magnetic pole of the stator is by being inserted into the groove by rigid annular shaped disk 235 and being suitably clamped together to be spaced apart.It is fixed Sub-assemblies are fixed to supporting construction 222.

Figure 24 illustrates the discrete magnetic pole of the stator suitable for three axially different flux electric machines.Figure 24 (a) shows stator magnet Pole, it includes a folded ferromagnetic laminates 240, and the lamination 240 includes electric steel and mild steel, the lamination 240 be typically insulation with Just dry environment application, such as wind turbine and electric vehicle.Coil 234 is in the lamination surface of magnetic pole of the stator or around stator The lamination surface winding of magnetic pole.Figure 24 (b) shows that discrete magnetic pole of the stator can have simple square made of nonferromagnetic material The block 241 of shape cross section.This magnetic pole of the stator that its sole purpose is to support coil is particularly suitable for the slotless electricity of air-core Machine.The block of the simple rectangular cross section can also be made of iron, and guiding is neutralized will pass through the effective the air gap collection of minimum Magnetic flux.Figure 24 (c) shows an example for being suitable to the magnetic pole of the stator of ocean application, wherein the lamination 240 being laminated is contained in waterproof In case 242.Gas-tight seal top cover is removed to show lamination surface 240.The whole stacking of ferromagnetic laminates 240 can be sprayed-on or Scribble multilayer flashing protective coating.Caisson 242 strengthens being protected from unexpected abrasion and water immerses.Space 243 in case is (such as If fruit has any space) resin compound or iron core can be filled with, to provide assembling unit structure intensity.

Coil 234 can be wound in the original location, or previously prepared coil can be plugged into the groove between magnetic pole of the stator 233.It is right For Yu Haiyang application, the conductor suitable for coil 234 is preferably insulated with the plastic sheath of the high dielectric strength of impermeable seawater. The winding conducting wire that the sheath with PVC, PE2+PA and HT4 for generally being found in immersible pump can be used to be insulated.Coil 234 can be concentric or overlap coil and be fully accommodated in modular stator 220.Coil 234 also may extend across multiple grooves, And the number of turn also may extend across multiple grooves and change in proportion, to obtain more sinusoidal MMF.

Supporting construction 222 can stagger so that coil 234 can be fully accommodated in sub-assembly.Figure 25 shows an example, Wherein the upper part 250 of supporting construction offset a magnetic pole of the stator to the left relative to base section 251.On left side One magnetic pole of the stator 252 extends from top to center vertically, and last magnetic pole of the stator 253 on right side is vertically the bottom of from Portion extends to center.When the first modular stator is assembled into the second modular stator, the last stator of the first modular stator Magnetic pole 253 is combined to form the magnetic pole of the stator of total length with the first magnetic pole of the stator 252 of the second modular stator.Such structure makes Obtaining modular stator easily can assemble and remove.The upper part 250 and low portion 251 of supporting construction may depend on around The group excessively multiple magnetic pole of the stator of scheme offset.

For Yu Haiyang application, waterproof underwater shell 236, which can be made into, is integrated into supporting construction 222 (Figure 23).Coil Terminal can enter underwater shell via appropriate compression seal set, and in shell 236 itself can with modular stator Other coil interconnection.Underwater shell 236 can also accommodate the power converter for being responsible for conversion produced power in module.It is this Modular stator 220 simplifies production process, wherein each module independently can build and test before complete assembling.They Can be configured to " plug and play " formula in order to malfunctioning module exchange and replace.

Modular rotor sub-assembly 221 in Figure 23 includes two relative rotors 237.Each relative rotor 237 is also Including for carrying the conductive plate 238 of induced current and the iron pan (break iron) 239 of stator being returned to suitable for magnetic flux.Electric rotors disk 238 can be by including copper and aluminium there is low-resistance metal to be made.Upon assembly, each modular rotor disk 237 can be in week Its adjacent rotor disk is connected upwardly to form continuous short circuit paths.Iron pan 239 can by the discrete stacking of ferromagnetic laminates Lai Formed.For the application exposed to corrosive environment, lamination can be coated with multilayer flashing protective coating, and can be received In caisson.Space can be filled with resin compound.

Describe to limit the winding scheme of motor phase now with reference to Figure 26 to 38.Term " elementary cell " will be by continually Using so as to limit have across extremely to length basic winding section.The modular stator 220 may include one or Multiple elementary cells are so as to suitable for application.

Figure 26 (a) shows the single-phase axle of the relative rotor 261 with sandwiched stator 260 according to a second embodiment of the present invention To flux of magnetic induction formula motor.In the axial magnetic flux, single stator arrangement, assists winding is wound at the first layer of stator 260, Main winding is wound at the second layer simultaneously.Two phases are spatially orthogonal.Shadow region represents stator magnetic pole iron.Arc 262 represent End winding link coil sides.For example, the coil sides (M) at No. 1 groove are linked to the coil sides at No. 8 grooves (M').The motor has nonoverlapping winding 262 with one heart, and it has the average coil pitch for 6, similar to existing in Fig. 4 Technology motor.The top of stator 260 and bottom offset four grooves, to avoid coil splitting or obstruction.Figure 26 (b) is shown The lapping winding 263 with the coil pitch for 6 can be used, it is provided links point with those identical electric currents Figure 26 (a) Suo Shi Cloth.Winding scheme disclosed below is concentric winding, but is to use by what is understood by those skilled in the art Lapping winding.Figure 26 (c) is the schematic diagram for being equivalent to Figure 26 (a) windings, and plurality of elementary cell 264 connects so as to shape from beginning to end Into more pole motors.Stator iron and rotor are omitted in order to clear.Each elementary cell 264 of stator 260 is across such as thick line 16 shown grooves.One modular stator may include one or more elementary cells.

The End winding of stator side can be manipulated in the case where not changing electric current link distribution.Figure 27 shows single-phase axial direction The alternative modification of flux of magnetic induction formula motor, wherein drawing consequent pole across border between two neighboring unit cells. Such winding is arranged such that stator can be split into the module of alignment.One modular stator may include by Figure 27 One or more elementary cells that thick line is limited.Respective air gap magnetic field is in shape as caused by main winding and assists winding Fig. 6 (b) and Fig. 6 (c) shape are similar on shape.Because the ancillary coil shown in Figure 27 has 8 coil pitches, with Figure 26 In 6 it is accordingly relative, the former End winding will be corresponding longer, and this make it that machine winding is somewhat asymmetric.If desired If, the resistance increase in auxiliary phase can be adjusted by using the conductor with larger cross-sectional area.But not Symmetrical winding is common in the single-phase induction motor of reality to produce high start torque.

In groove suitably distribution conductor quantity and be similar to sine curve.Figure 28 is have near sinusoidal winding single-phase The winding schematic diagram of axial-flux electric machine.Bold represents the conductor of higher amount.The air gap suitable for the winding scheme Magnetic flux density harmonic is similar to those of Fig. 9 (b).It is each substantially single per phase in order to further reduce undesirable harmonic wave The quantity of the ceoncentrically wound coil of member can increase to 6, as shown in Figure 29.Such winding scheme improves the utilization rate of groove, and The more sinusoidal magnetic field in the air gap is produced in a manner of similar to Figure 10 (a).The fundametal compoment in the air gap magnetic field is Highest and reduce all other higher order harmonics.

Winding principle disclosed in a second embodiment extends to three phase electric machine.Figure 30 is shown by multiple substantially single The three phase axial flux motor of first stator structure.Stator is subdivided into three layers, and the coil of a phase is restricted to a layer It is interior without being overlapped with other.A phases, B phases and C phase coils are spaced apart with 120 degree of electrical angle, and they occupy groove respectively Top layer, intermediate layer and bottom.Each elementary cell is crossed over, and there is slot number/magnetic pole/phase and average coil pitch to be respectively equal to 2 Hes 6 (for example, groove 1-8 and 2-7) 12 grooves.Figure 31 illustrates with respectively equal to 3 and 9 slot number/magnetic pole/phase and averagely Another example of the winding scheme of coil pitch.

Figure 30 and Figure 31 winding scheme is equivalent to range winding, wherein its phase coil occupy total stator slot three/ One.Phase coil can be by being compressed in one layer with overlapped stitchess as shown in Figure 32.If had and first layer The second layer of identical coil pitch is wound and offset multiple slot pitches relative to the first layer, then obtains equivalent short distance Or monochord winding.Figure 33 shows an example, its moved to right at the middle and upper levels relative to lower floor so as to cause 8/9 equivalent short distance bilayer around Group.An elementary cell for producing double pole-pair fields is limited by thick line.Modular stator can be built into including one Individual or multiple elementary cells.Winding can be fully received and be defined in modular stator.This short distance winding is compared to Figure 32 Range scheme produce even preferably sinusoidal the air gap MMF.

The groove utilization rate of three phase axial flux motor can increase to 67% by the winding scheme shown in Figure 34.Each phase The each elementary cell in position has four ceoncentrically wound coils (groove 1-10,2-9,3-8 and 4-7) for including the average coil pitch for 6.Such as Fruit uses lapping coil, then they occupy groove 1-7,2-8,3-9 and 4-10.The winding scheme requires that stator has end staggeredly Portion, to accommodate the coil sides of one of them of phase.

Figure 35 illustrates another modification of winding scheme, its have with Figure 34 identical groove utilization rates, but with more Short End winding.Each phase of this winding scheme also takes up one layer, and with causing pole pair in 12 stator slots Eight coil sides in magnetic field.In an elementary cell, eight coil sides be split into two groups of ceoncentrically wound coils (groove 1-4＆2-3 with And groove 7-10＆8-9), it is effectively shortened End winding.The modification of this winding scheme can have the number of turn distributed to obtain More preferable sinusoidal the air gap magnetic field.In Figure 35, bold text represents the groove of the conductor with higher amount, for example, across The A phase coils of groove 1 and 4 have the higher number of turn compared to it across groove 2 and 3 points of concentric corresponding parts.Figure 36 illustrates three Another modification of phase axial magnetic flux induction machine.In the presence of two groups of ceoncentrically wound coils, each of which group crosses over average three groove (examples Such as, groove 1-5＆2-4 and groove 7-11＆8-10).Ceoncentrically wound coil can have the different numbers of turn, so as to compared in each coil It is middle that more sinusoidal MMF is produced using the identical number of turn.The phase coil specified with bold indicates the higher number of turn.

Modular stator arrangement concept can also be applied to according to a second embodiment of the present invention there is higher amount phase The axial-flux electric machine of (4,5,6,7 phase etc.).All phases may be connected to a neutral point or can be independently from each other.Figure 37 (a) is an example of five-phase induction motor, and wherein phase coil is arranged in five layers (one layer of phase).Figure 37 (b) is Another example of five-phase induction motor, wherein all phase coils are compressed in individual layer.Elementary cell encapsulates as shown by a bold line 10 stator slots, and a modular stator may include one or more elementary cells.Space angle between per two-phase It is electrical angle spaced apart 72 degree.Such machine can have neutral point, and can be fed by single power converter.Alternatively Ground, phase coil can also be independent circuit, wherein each phase is connected to single power converter.

Polyphase machine may also include two or more sets symmetrical phase windings.Figure 38 (a) is with two groups of symmetrical three-phase windings One example of the six-phase motor that A1, B1, C1 and A2, B2, C2 are formed.First group of winding is wound at the upper strata of stator, and the Two groups wind at bottom.Winding arrangement and the winding arrangement of bottom at upper strata are mirrored into, but the latter moves to right a groove, from And produce the phase shift of 30 degree of electrical angles.In this example, elementary cell is crossed over such as 12 grooves limited by thick line.It is modular Stator can include an elementary cell or multiple elementary cells.

In Figure 38 (b), first group of three-phase windings is fed by converter 380, and second group by single three Phase power converter 381 is fed, and the phase of power converter 381 postpones 30 degree of electrical angle relative to power converter 380.Should Advantage of the six phase windings configuration with elimination more low-order harmonic, and can be more fault-tolerant due to its pair of power converter topology. In order to further improve MMF distribution, the winding in Figure 37 and Figure 38 extends to the scheme that coil sides occupy multiple grooves.It is logical The axial direction with the higher number of phases can be obtained using the winding arrangement principle disclosed in the first and second embodiments in the present invention by crossing Flux electric machine.

3rd embodiment

Modular shaft above described in the first and second embodiments can be expanded to the feature of flux of magnetic induction formula motor To other types of motor.

Modular winding scheme can also be extended to linear response formula motor.Intuitively, Fig. 5-21 and Figure 26's-38 Winding arrangement is similar to linear response formula motor.Stator and rotor can be manufactured into modular unit and be assemblied together, with shape Linear motor.If linear electric machine is rolled by imaginary line, its one end is met with the other end, then obtain the radial direction magnetic of cylinder Three-way motor.Radial flux motors are shown respectively in Figure 39 (a) and Figure 40 (a), and it has the He of double-side stator 390 of sandwiched rotor 391 The two-sided rotor 401 of sandwiched stator 400.Such motor is the modular stator and modularization turn by Figure 39 (b) and Figure 40 (b) Son is formed.Also the radial flux motors of the single the air gap of cylinder can be obtained, wherein the side of the double-side stator is saved Omit and suitable flux return paths are provided.Figure 41 shows that slave module stator 410 and Modular rotor 411 are built single The air gap radial flux motors.

Although the feature disclosed stands good in axial magnetic flux specific to axial magnetic flux induction machine, these features Or radial flux magneto.Preferably by using a groove more than or equal to each phase of each magnetic pole and with just String MMF is distributed.For high performance, induction machine needs electric current link distribution to be almost sine.In preceding embodiment Described winding scheme is mainly integer groove winding (slot number/magnetic pole/phase is integer).(each magnetic pole is each for fractional-slot winding The slot number of phase is fraction) provide more frees degree in terms of selection slot number and number of magnetic poles, and compared to integer groove around Group is more directly segmented.However, fractional-slot winding is not common in induction machine because high undesirable harmonic wave with Non-sinusoidal current link distribution is associated.These harmonic waves are not problem in magneto, and its reason is interstitial gap magnetic flux Density is mainly produced by p-m rotor.As on electric current link distribution, meet any of high-performance induction machine device requirement Stator winding scheme, including those disclosed above, it can more often exceed the requirement of magneto relative to no more than permanent magnetism The requirement of motor.

The magneto with double-side stator and the magneto with two-sided rotor is shown respectively in Figure 42 and Figure 43.It is two-sided The rotor iron of rotor can be eliminated by using Halbach array permanent magnet as shown in Figure 44.Around field synchronization motor In can use identical modular stator and winding.The air gap magnetic field of motor via slip ring by supplying or being encouraged via brushless The rotor field winding of magnetic system supply DC current produces.Figure 45 and Figure 46 respectively schematically shows there is double-side stator Around field synchronization motor and with two-sided rotor around field synchronization motor.Wound rotor can also for example be connected via multiphase slip ring To the group of the polyphase windings of power converter.The layout of this motor is referred to as double-fed induction formula motor, wherein stator and rotor Winding participates in conversion process of energy.Actual synchronous magnetic resistance motor have with induction machine identical stator and winding, it is but preceding The rotor that person has includes the stacking of iron lamination, and the lamination is shaped so that itself is often aligned with stator field.Figure 47 The synchronous magnetic resistance motor with double-side stator and the synchronous magnetic resistance motor with two-sided rotor is shown respectively with Figure 48.

Direct-drive type tital generator can increase the power density of generator using rare earth magnet.Under normal circumstances, neodymium Iron boron magnet is concerned due to their high remanent magnetism, high coercivity and high energy output.However, rare earth in recent years The price of element, which sharp rises, promotes the solution of the no rare earth of many industries considerations, has competition to be maintained in price Power.In addition to the cost, specific fixture will be needed by stator and p-m rotor being assemblied together, because when magnet is close to stator Unbalanced magnetic pull during iron be present.It is generator-motor gesture (EMF) from another shortcoming of security standpoint, works as stator When relative movement between rotor be present, MMF be present in end.In order to avoid Danger Electric shock risk, what is serviced or maintenance can be held Before row, rotor must stop completely and remains stationary.

Embodiments of the invention can provide a kind of motor, particularly direct-drive motor, and it is not directed to use with gear-box, transmission Axle and mechanical rolling element bearing.System can be simplified and reduce cost by saving these components.In addition, motor be not directed to use with it is dilute Native magnet, otherwise its may increase cost and cause to get an electric shock.Motor in the present invention can be by multiple modular stators and module Change rotor to assemble.This dramatically increases manufacture and ease of maintenance/repair, and it reduce further cost.Importantly, Motor in the present invention can be minimum distortion produce sinusoidal the air gap magnetomotive force distribution.

Those skilled in the art should be understood that the mode only by example without with the meaning of any restrictions Describe above-described embodiment, and in the case where not departing from such as the scope of the invention that is defined by the claims design, structure and Variations and modifications on details of operation are all feasible.

Claims (45)

1. a kind of motor, it includes：

It is configured to be assembled to form multiple dismountable modular stator parts of stator；

It is configured to be assembled to form multiple rotor parts of rotor；

One of them in the stator component and the rotor part, it has the first radial component and the second radial component,

First radial component includes the first stator module, and second radial component is included from first stator pack Part is spaced apart, parallel to first stator module and second stator module relative with first stator module；

First stator module and second stator module are each configured to receive wherein for producing substantially sine Multiple windings in magnetic field,

And another in the stator component and the rotor part, it has the 3rd radial component；

The separation gap limited between first radial component and second radial component and by it；

3rd radial component can be positioned in the separation gap and in first radial component and described second radially Between component；

The rotor can move relative to the stator.

2. motor according to claim 1, wherein,

3rd radial component includes rotor assembly, and the rotor assembly is configured to be positioned in separation gap and described the Between stator group part and second stator module, and it is further configured to relative to first stator module and described Second stator module moves.

3. motor according to claim 2, wherein, first stator module and second stator module include respectively Iron core with multiple grooves.

4. motor according to claim 2, wherein, first stator module and second stator module have respectively Single-phase winding；And the single-phase winding of first stator module is spatially orthogonal to the institute of second stator module State single-phase winding.

5. motor according to claim 2, wherein, first stator module has at least one phase windings and institute Stating the second stator module has the phase of at least one phase windings, first stator module and second stator module Position winding is substantially mutual geometry mirror image.

6. motor according to claim 2, wherein, first stator module has at least one phase windings and institute Stating the second stator module has the phase of at least one phase windings, first stator module and second stator module Position winding offset relative to each other at least one slot pitch, and the magnetomotive force as caused by short distance winding is equivalent to produce.

7. a kind of motor, it includes：

It is configured to be assembled to form multiple dismountable modular stator parts of stator；

It is configured to be assembled to form multiple rotor parts of rotor；

One of them in the stator component and the rotor part, it has the first radial component and the second radial component,

And another in the stator component and the rotor part, it has the 3rd radial component；

3rd radial component includes stator module；

Each modular stator component includes multiple stator tooths and stator slot；

Each modular stator component is configured to receive multiple windings for producing substantially sinusoidal magnetic field wherein； And wherein,

First radial component, which includes the first rotor component and second radial component, includes the second rotor assembly, described The first rotor component Configuration on the first side for can be positioned on the stator module and second rotor assembly be configured to can It is positioned on the second opposite side of the stator module,

The first rotor component and second rotor assembly limit separation gap therebetween, and the separation gap is suitable at it It is middle to receive the stator module, the first rotor component and second rotor assembly is transported relative to the stator module It is dynamic.

8. motor according to claim 7, wherein, the stator tooth and stator slot are by multiple discrete iron cores or non-iron core Formed.

9. the motor according to claim 1 or 7, wherein, the magnetic field has substantially the same peak in whole machine Value amplitude and spatial relationship.

10. the motor according to claim 3 or 8, wherein, the iron core or non-iron core are waterproofs.

11. the motor according to any one of claim 1-3,7-8, wherein, the winding is completely contained and is defined in In the modular stator.

12. motor according to claim 7, wherein, the winding is connected to two phase windings.

13. motor according to claim 7, wherein, the winding is connected to polyphase windings.

14. motor according to claim 4, wherein, at least one single-phase winding has consequent pole winding layout.

15. the motor according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, at least one phase windings have consequent pole winding cloth Office.

16. the motor according to claim 12 or 13, wherein, at least one winding has consequent pole winding cloth Office.

17. the motor according to any one of claim 1-3,7-8, wherein, the winding is across multiple stator slots Coil.

18. motor according to claim 17, wherein, the number of turn of the coil changes in proportion across multiple stator slots Become.

19. the motor according to any one of claim 1-3,7-8, wherein, the winding is insulation and waterproof.

20. motor according to any one of claim 1 to 8, wherein, suitable for accommodating the capsule one of power converter Change to the modular stator.

21. motor according to any one of claim 1 to 8, wherein, each rotor part includes being selected under State at least one of formed group：Conductive component, permanent magnet, magnetic field winding, polyphase windings or iron core.

22. motor according to any one of claim 1 to 8, wherein, the stator and the rotor are linear.

23. motor according to any one of claim 1 to 8, wherein, the stator and the rotor are cylindrical.

24. a kind of motor, it includes：

It is configured to be assembled to form multiple dismountable modular stator parts of stator；

Each modular stator component includes being spaced apart with the second stator module, parallel to the second stator module and with the The first relative stator module of two stator modules；

The separation gap limited between first stator module and second stator module and by it；

Each of first stator module and second stator module are each configured to receive wherein for producing base Multiple windings of sinusoidal magnetic field in sheet；And

It is configured to be assembled to form multiple rotor parts of rotor, and wherein each rotor part is configured to be positioned at In the separation gap between first stator module and second stator module, and be further configured to relative to First stator module and second stator module movement.

25. motor according to claim 24, wherein, first stator module and second stator module wrap respectively Include the iron core with multiple grooves.

26. motor according to claim 24, wherein, first stator module and second stator module have respectively There is single-phase winding；And the single-phase winding of first stator module is spatially orthogonal to second stator module The single-phase winding.

27. motor according to claim 24, wherein, first stator module have at least one phase windings and Second stator module has at least one phase windings, first stator module and second stator module it is described Phase windings are substantially mutual geometry mirror image.

28. motor according to claim 24, wherein, first stator module have at least one phase windings and Second stator module has at least one phase windings, first stator module and second stator module it is described Phase windings offset relative to each other at least one slot pitch, and the magnetomotive force as caused by short distance winding is equivalent to produce.

29. a kind of motor, it includes：

It is configured to be assembled to form multiple dismountable modular stator parts of stator；

Each modular stator component includes multiple stator tooths and stator slot；

Each modular stator component be configured to receive wherein for produce substantially sinusoidal magnetic field it is multiple around Group；And

It is configured to be assembled to form multiple rotor parts of rotor；

Each of the multiple rotor part includes being configured to can be positioned on the on the side of modular stator part first One rotor assembly and it is configured to can be positioned on the second rotor assembly on the second opposite side of the modular stator part, institute State the first rotor component and second rotor assembly limits separation gap therebetween, the separation gap is suitable to receive wherein The modular stator component, make the first rotor component and second rotor assembly relative to described modular fixed Subassembly moves.

30. motor according to claim 29, wherein, the stator tooth and stator slot are by multiple discrete iron cores or non-ferric Core is formed.

31. according to the motor any one of claim 24,29,30, wherein, the magnetic field has base in whole machine Identical peak amplitude and spatial relationship in sheet.

32. the motor according to claim 25 or 30, wherein, the iron core or non-iron core are waterproofs.

33. according to the motor any one of claim 24,25,29-30, wherein, the winding is completely contained and boundary It is scheduled in the modular stator.

34. motor according to claim 29, wherein, the winding is connected to two phase windings.

35. motor according to claim 29, wherein, the winding is connected to polyphase windings.

36. motor according to claim 26, wherein, at least one single-phase winding has consequent pole winding cloth Office.

37. the motor according to claim 27 or 28, wherein, at least one phase windings have consequent pole winding Layout.

38. the motor according to claim 34 or 35, wherein, at least one winding has consequent pole winding cloth Office.

39. the motor according to any one of claim 24-25,29-30, wherein, the winding is across multiple stators The coil of groove.

40. the motor according to claim 39, wherein, the number of turn of the coil changes in proportion across multiple stator slots Become.

41. the motor according to any one of claim 24-25,29-30, wherein, the winding is insulation and waterproof.

42. the motor according to any one of claim 24 to 30, wherein, suitable for accommodating the capsule one of power converter Bodyization arrives the modular stator.

43. the motor according to any one of claim 24 to 30, wherein, each rotor part include being selected from by Following formed groups it is at least one：Conductive component, permanent magnet, magnetic field winding, polyphase windings or iron core.

44. the motor according to any one of claim 24 to 30, wherein, the stator and the rotor are linear.

45. the motor according to any one of claim 24 to 30, wherein, the stator and the rotor are cylinders 's.