CN104953823A - Adapter for pulse loads of direct-current power supplies - Google Patents
Adapter for pulse loads of direct-current power supplies Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electronics, provides an adapter for pulse loads of direct-current power supplies and aims to solve the problems of heavy load starting and heavy load opening existing when a direct-current power supply is connected with a load. The adapter comprises the direct-current power supply, a current sampling circuit, a BUCK circuit, a follow current circuit, a current error amplification circuit, a voltage sampling circuit, a voltage error amplifying circuit, a monostability circuit, a reference source and a PWM (pulse width modulation) controller. With the adoption of the technical scheme, the adapter solves a current impact problem caused when the direct-current power supplies are started and a voltage leap problem caused during load opening are solved, and the adapter is applicable to pulse loads of various direct-current power supplies.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electronic technology field, particularly a kind of DC power supply pulse load adapter.
Background technology
From the nineties in last century so far, along with power semiconductor switches reliability improves constantly, emerging in large numbers of the technology such as PWM, SPWM, SVPWM, Switching Power Supply has been widely used in the more stable place of load characteristic, such as low-power equipment, portable instrument, instrument etc.Due to the nonlinear characteristic that Switching Power Supply itself possesses, various problem can be caused when applying in the place of load characteristic instability, such as, arc extinguishing problem in magnetron sputtering, the pulse in laser pumping move back braking problem, Switching Power Supply cascade problem, load changing problem etc. in pressure problem, commutation dragging, due to the existence of the problems referred to above, be difficult to place Switching Power Supply being applied to big-and-middle-sized electric power supply field even load feature instability.
Load changing problem comprises heavy load starting problem and heavily loaded open circuit problem.
Heavy load starting problem refers to the unexpected change of power supply circuital current when starting shooting.For solving this problem, the impulse current produced when resistance current limliting method can be adopted to alleviate start is on the impact of load, and the major defect of the method is:
1, converting charge, start charging current greatly, last electric current is little, and start-up time is long;
2, the constant current charge to power capacitor cannot be realized;
3, circuit parasitic inductance cannot be suppressed to reflect to the voltage of electrical network;
4, bulky current-limiting resistance booting moment loss very large (such as when 20 kilowatts of power supply booting moments, buffer resistance loss is 1128 joules).In addition, because Traditional DC electric motor starting is all adopt the mode progressively increasing armature voltage, current PWM mode can only control voltage, when waiting for that motor reaches rated speed, armature voltage is elevated to rated excitation voltage, thus realizes the object controlling motor torque.There is following shortcoming in the program:
1, electric motor starting voltage is low, and electric current is little, and torque is also little, and therefore band carries and starts ability;
The curent change when situations such as 2, motor idle running, stall, reversion occur in armature is very large.
Heavy duty open circuit problem refers to the unexpected change of load circuital current when opening a way, and is divided into load to open a way online and open a way with load off-line, and load is opened a way online and referred to power supply and stop output.The situation of load off-line open circuit is with regard to more complicated, when load off-line is opened a way, power electric potential energy still exists, magnetic potential in power circuit can be opened a way suddenly, the phenomenon now occurred is exactly the Essential Terms " current tail " in industry, when power source internal current tail, turn-off power loss increases, switch stress increases (in Switching Power Supply, voltage stress during switch OFF is close to 2 times of busbar voltage, simultaneously with the damped oscillation of 10 times of switching frequencies), cause the device damage of load circuit, effectively do not solve the method and apparatus of heavily loaded open circuit problem at present.
Summary of the invention
[technical problem that will solve]
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of DC power supply pulse load adapter, to solve the heavy load starting problem and heavily loaded open circuit problem that exist when DC power supply is connected with load.
[technical scheme]
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
The present invention relates to a kind of DC power supply pulse load adapter, comprise DC power supply, also comprise:
BUCK circuit, it comprises power switch, tap inductor, filter capacitor, the input of described power switch is connected with one end of current sampling circuit, the head end of described tap inductor is connected with the output of power switch, one end of described filter capacitor is connected with the tail end of tap inductor, and the other end of described filter capacitor is connected with the negative pole of DC power supply;
Current sampling circuit, it is connected between the positive pole of DC power supply and the power switch of BUCK circuit, and its output is connected with the inverting input of current error amplifying circuit;
Current error amplifying circuit, its in-phase input end is connected with the first a reference source, and its output is connected with the in-phase input end of PWM controller;
Continuous current circuit, it comprises controllable silicon, fly-wheel diode and the first tapped resistor string, described first tapped resistor connection in series-parallel is between tap inductor head end and tail end, the tap terminals of described first tapped resistor string controls pole be connected with the tap terminals of tap inductor, silicon controlled, and described silicon controlled anode, silicon controlled negative electrode, fly-wheel diode are connected mutually;
PWM controller, its output is connected with the control end of power switch;
First a reference source.
As one preferred embodiment, the connected mode of described controllable silicon, fly-wheel diode, tap inductor is:
Described silicon controlled anode is connected with the negative pole of afterflow diode, and the positive pole of described fly-wheel diode is connected with the tail end of tap inductor, and described silicon controlled negative electrode is connected with the head end of tap inductor; Or
Described silicon controlled negative electrode is connected with the positive pole of afterflow diode, and the negative pole of described fly-wheel diode is connected with the tail end of tap inductor, and described silicon controlled anode is connected with the head end of tap inductor.
As one preferred embodiment, also comprise:
Voltage sampling circuit, it is connected in parallel on the output of described DC power supply pulse load adapter, and the output of described voltage sampling circuit is connected with the in-phase input end of voltage error amplifying circuit;
Voltage error amplifying circuit, its inverting input is connected with the second a reference source;
Monostable circuit, its input is connected with the output of voltage error amplifying circuit, and its output is connected with the in-phase input end of PWM controller;
Second a reference source.
As another preferred embodiment, described first a reference source is reference current source.
As another preferred embodiment, between the output of described current error amplifying circuit and the in-phase input end of PWM controller, between the output of monostable circuit and the in-phase input end of PWM controller, be all in series with diode.
As another preferred embodiment, described voltage sampling circuit is the second tapped resistor string, and the tap terminals of described second tapped resistor string is connected with the in-phase input end of voltage error amplifying circuit as the output of electric sample circuit.
As another preferred embodiment, described second a reference source is reference voltage source.
As another preferred embodiment, described current sampling circuit comprises current sensor, load resistance, bridge rectifier,
One end of described current sensor is connected with the positive pole of DC power supply, and its other end is connected with the input of the power switch of BUCK circuit;
Described load resistance, bridge rectifier are all connected in parallel on the two ends of current transformer, and the output of described bridge rectifier is connected with the inverting input of current error amplifying circuit as the output of current sampling circuit.
As another preferred embodiment, described current sensor is current transformer.
As another preferred embodiment, also comprise a RC absorbing circuit and the 2nd RC absorbing circuit, a described RC absorbing circuit is connected in parallel between the input of power switch and output, and described 2nd RC absorbing circuit is connected in parallel between the head end of tap inductor and tail end.
As another preferred embodiment, a described RC absorbing circuit and the 2nd RC absorbing circuit are by the resistance be connected in series and electric capacity composition.
[beneficial effect]
The technical scheme that the present invention proposes has following beneficial effect:
When the present invention not only solves DC power supply driving load, the current break phenomenon on the electric capacity of BUCK circuit, also solves the voltage jump phenomenon on the tap inductor of BUCK circuit.In a word, voltage jump problem when current impact when the invention solves DC power supply starting up and load open circuit, goes for the pulsating load of any DC power supply.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The circuit theory diagrams of the DC power supply pulse load adapter that Fig. 1 provides for embodiments of the invention one.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, clear, complete description is carried out to the specific embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention, instead of whole embodiment, neither limitation of the present invention.Based on embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not paying the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one
Embodiment one provides a kind of DC power supply pulse load adapter.As shown in Figure 1, it comprises DC power supply 1, current sampling circuit 2, BUCK circuit, freewheeling circuit 3, current error amplifying circuit 4, voltage sampling circuit 5, voltage error amplifying circuit 6, monostable circuit 7, a reference source 8, a reference source 9, PWM controller 10.
Current sampling circuit 2 is connected between the input of the positive pole of DC power supply and the power switch of BUCK circuit, and the output of current sampling circuit 2 is connected with the inverting input of current error amplifying circuit 4.Particularly, in the present embodiment, current sampling circuit 2 comprises current transformer, load resistance, bridge rectifier, and one end of current transformer is connected with the positive pole of DC power supply 1, and its other end is connected with the input of the power switch Q1 of BUCK circuit; Load resistance, bridge rectifier are all connected in parallel on the two ends of current transformer, and the output of bridge rectifier is connected with the inverting input of current error amplifying circuit 4 as the output of current sampling circuit.
BUCK circuit comprises power switch Q1, tap inductor L, filter capacitor C, the input of power switch Q1 is connected with one end of current sampling circuit, the head end of tap inductor L is connected with the output of power switch Q1, one end of filter capacitor C is connected with the tail end of tap inductor L, and the other end of filter capacitor C is connected with the negative pole of DC power supply 1.In the present embodiment, the two ends of power switch Q1 are also parallel with RC absorbing circuit, and particularly, the input of power switch Q1 is connected with one end of RC absorbing circuit, and the output of power switch Q2 is connected with the other end of RC absorbing circuit.
The head end of tap inductor L is connected with the output of the power switch Q1 of BUCK circuit, the output of the DC power supply pulse load adapter that its tail end provides as the present embodiment.
Freewheeling circuit 3 comprises controllable silicon Q2, sustained diode, tapped resistor string R1 and RC absorbing circuit, the negative electrode of controllable silicon Q2 is connected with the head end of tap inductor L, the anode of controllable silicon Q2 is connected with the negative pole of sustained diode, and the control pole of controllable silicon Q2 is connected with the tap terminals of tap inductor L.The positive pole of sustained diode is connected with the tail end of tap inductor L.Tapped resistor string R1 is connected in parallel on tap inductor L two ends, particularly, one end of tapped resistor string R1 is connected with the head end of tap inductor L, its other end is connected with the tail end of tap inductor L, its tap terminals is connected with the tap terminals of tap inductor L, and in the present embodiment, tapped resistor string R1 is formed by 4 resistant series, wherein select the common port of two resistance as tap terminals, the tap terminals of tapped resistor string R1 is connected with the tap terminals of tap inductor L.Between the head end that RC absorbing circuit is connected in parallel on tap inductor L and tail end, need to illustrate, the RC absorbing circuit in the present embodiment is made up of the resistance be connected in series and electric capacity.
Current error amplifying circuit 4 is for comparing the output signal of current sampling circuit 2 and the output signal of a reference source 8, it comprises operational amplifier 41, RC filter circuit 42, one end of RC filter circuit 42 is connected with the inverting input of operational amplifier 41, and the other end of RC filter circuit 42 is connected after a resistance 43 and is connected with the output of operational amplifier 41.The in-phase input end of operational amplifier 41 is as the in-phase input end of current error amplifying circuit 4, the common port of resistance 43 and RC filter circuit 42 is as the output of current error amplifying circuit 4, the in-phase input end of current error amplifying circuit 4 is connected with the output of a reference source 8, the output of current error amplifying circuit 4 is connected and is connected to the in-phase input end of PWM controller 10 after a diode, particularly, the anode of this diode is connected with the output of current error amplifying circuit 4, and the negative electrode of this diode is connected with the in-phase input end of PWM controller 10.Need to illustrate, the RC filter circuit in the present embodiment is made up of the resistance be connected in series and electric capacity.
PWM controller 10 is for being operated in off state or exporting PWM control wave according to the comparative result of current error amplifying circuit 4 or voltage error amplifying circuit 6, its output is connected with the control end of power switch Q1.In the present embodiment, between the output of PWM controller 10 and the control end of power switch Q1, be also in series with a resistance.PWM controller in the present embodiment can select the UC1842 of Texas Instruments.
Voltage sampling circuit 5 is sampled for the voltage at the filter capacitor C two ends to BUCK circuit, and it comprises two signals collecting ends and an output for output voltage values.Particularly, voltage sampling circuit 5 is tapped resistor string R2, in the present embodiment, tapped resistor string R2 is formed by 4 resistant series, wherein select the common port of two resistance as tap terminals, the tap terminals of tapped resistor string R2 is connected with the in-phase input end of voltage error amplifying circuit 6 as the output of voltage sampling circuit 5.
Voltage error amplifying circuit 6 is for comparing the output voltage of the output voltage values of voltage sampling circuit 5 and a reference source 9, it comprises operational amplifier 61, RC filter circuit 62, one end of RC filter circuit 62 is connected with the inverting input of operational amplifier 61, and the other end of RC filter circuit 62 is connected after a resistance 63 and is connected with the output of operational amplifier 61.The in-phase input end of operational amplifier 61 is as the in-phase input end of voltage error amplifying circuit 6, the common port of resistance 63 and RC filter circuit 62 is as the output of voltage error amplifying circuit 6, the inverting input of voltage error amplifying circuit 6 is connected with a reference source 9, and the output of voltage error amplifying circuit 6 is connected with the input of monostable circuit 7.
The input of monostable circuit 7 is connected with the output of voltage error amplifying circuit 6, and the output of monostable circuit 7 is connected after a diode and is connected with the in-phase input end of PWM controller 10.Particularly, in the present embodiment, adopt rest-set flip-flop to realize monostable circuit 7, the R of rest-set flip-flop holds (i.e. set terminal) as the input of monostable circuit 7, and the Q of rest-set flip-flop holds (i.e. positive output end) as the output of monostable circuit 7.
When the DC power supply pulse load adapter using the present embodiment to provide, its output is connected with load 11.Particularly, load 11 can be motor.
Below the operation principle of the present embodiment is described.
DC power supply pulse load adapter in the present embodiment can be operated in different patterns in different situations, comprise constant current start-up mode and load open circuit freewheeling mode particularly, wherein constant current start-up mode is: when DC power supply 1 starts or load 11 starts, and ensures constant current output; Load open circuit freewheeling mode is: when DC power supply 1 turn off, load 11 synchronous open or load 11 asynchronous open circuit time, provide initiatively afterflow, the stable output of step voltage after ensureing.
The following describes the operation principle of constant current start-up mode.
When DC power supply 1 starts, the filter capacitor C of DC power supply 1 pair of BUCK circuit charges, because filter capacitor C terminal voltage is in an initial condition 0, powered on moment DC power supply 1 is in short-circuit condition, voltage exponentially curve declines, until the voltage on filter capacitor C is equal with DC power supply 1 voltage, electric current just can decay to 0, now starting current error amplifying circuit 4, starting current is limited to the electric current in the given operational envelope of equipment, due to the existence of input circuit inductor and stray inductance, also there is corresponding linear relationship in curent change curve.Particularly, when DC power supply 1 starts, its output current rises to rated value from 0, current change quantity is converted to the inverting input that magnitude of voltage is sent to current error amplifying circuit 4 by current sampling circuit 2, the voltage of the output voltage of current sampling circuit 2 and given a reference source 8 compares by current error amplifying circuit 4, as long as current sampling circuit 2 output voltage is greater than the output voltage values of a reference source 8, current error amplifying circuit 4 exports a low level signal, PWM controller 10 is operated in off state, namely stop exporting PWM drive pulse signal, now the power switch Q1 of BUCK circuit opens a way, prime input current is reduced to 0 at once, the electric current that the current transformer of current sampling circuit 2 senses is 0, the output voltage of current sampling circuit 2 is 0, because the reference voltage (i.e. the output voltage of reference power supply 8) of current error amplifying circuit 4 remains unchanged, the now output of current error amplifying circuit 4 is high level, PWM controller 10 can export PWM control wave (but must wait until that the next clock cycle could export PWM control wave) simultaneously, the power switch Q1 of BUCK circuit opens again, input DC power 1 starts again to charge to the filter capacitor C of BUCK circuit, in charging process, the voltage at filter capacitor C two ends raises gradually, current changing rate is more and more less, the voltage signal that current sampling circuit 2 inputs is more and more less, the output high level lasting time of current error amplifying circuit 4 is more and more longer, along with output current is close to direct current, the power switch Q1 of BUCK circuit is by conducting completely automatically, DC power supply pulse load adapter in the present embodiment will enter DC voltage-stabilizing state.
After the DC power supply pulse load adapter provided when the embodiment of the present invention is connected with load 11, the output current of DC power supply pulse load adapter can increase suddenly, its input current also increases simultaneously, current error amplifying circuit 4 exports a high level signal, PWM controller 10 is again forced to be operated in off state, in order to ensure the load capacity of the DC power supply pulse load adapter that the embodiment of the present invention provides, voltage error amplifying circuit 6 can be used to carry out two ore control, particularly, along with the voltage at the filter capacitor C two ends of BUCK circuit raises, the magnitude of voltage of the output signal of the output of voltage sampling circuit 5 raises gradually, the voltage of the in-phase input end of voltage error amplifying circuit 6 is more and more higher, when the voltage (voltage of a reference source 9) of inverting input remains unchanged, current error amplifying circuit 6 exports set level, the output of the rest-set flip-flop in monostable circuit 7 keeps high level, make the current/voltage Simultaneous Stabilization of the in-phase input end of PWM controller 10, because the output of current error amplifying circuit 4 and voltage error amplifying circuit 6 is all in series with a diode, this is actual defines an easy OR circuit, therefore, in current error amplifying circuit 4 and voltage error amplifying circuit 6, as long as there is the output of a circuit to be high level, PWM controller just exports high level until duty ratio is 100%.
The following describes the operation principle of load open circuit freewheeling mode.
When load 11 is opened a way instantaneously, the continuous current circuit that freewheeling circuit 3 and tap inductor L are formed disconnects, sustained diode cannot to tap inductor L afterflow, moment is disconnected in load 11, electric current is from rated value abrupt transients to 0, due to the impact of the Q value of tap inductor L, the filter capacitor C of BUCK circuit can be subject to high-voltage impact at double, especially, when load 11 is that switching mode load and frequent operation are when opening a way with path two states, the current wave of tap inductor L tail end is zigzag, and output voltage there will be peak-inverse voltage at double.In the present embodiment, when load 11 disconnects suddenly, load current suddenlys change to 0, now when the peak-inverse voltage on tap inductor L is greater than input voltage, the tap terminals of tap inductor L can provide a trigger impulse to make controllable silicon Q2 conducting, thus form continuous current circuit with sustained diode, until the voltage at tap inductor L two ends is equal, now controllable silicon Q2 automatically shuts down; After load 11 is connected, DC power supply 1 starts to power to load 11, and the head end voltage of tap inductor L is greater than tail end voltage, and controllable silicon Q2 automatically shuts down equally, and tap inductor L and load 11 form oad freewheels loop.Therefore, no matter DC power supply 1 starting switch is opened and cut-off, do not affect the step-down afterflow function of tap inductor L.
Embodiment one is adopted to test below.
Test one, heavily loaded open circuit test
Experimental condition: DC power supply is plasma surface nitrogenize power supply; the voltage of plasma surface nitrogenize power supply when error protection, current relationship, wherein error protection comprises: short-circuit protection (inverter bridge open circuit), overvoltage protection (inverter bridge open circuit), overheat protector (inverter bridge open circuit).
The heavily loaded open circuit test result of table 1
Test two, heavy load starting test
Experimental condition: DC power supply pulse load adapter load and the present embodiment provided is connected, and load is rated power 3kW, rated voltage 275V, the stepless time adjustment motor of rotating speed 7200 revs/min, monitoring armature supply voltage change process.Monitoring result is as shown in the table.
Table 2 heavy load starting result of the test
As can be seen from above experimental data, in DC power supply constant current start-up course, on electric capacity, the change extreme difference of electric current is less than 1.5%, in output loading open circuit process, in tap inductor, change in voltage extreme difference is less than 1%, so the embodiment of the present invention not only solves the current break phenomenon on the electric capacity of BUCK circuit, also solve the voltage jump phenomenon on the tap inductor of BUCK circuit.In a word, the voltage jump problem when current impact when embodiment of the present invention solves the starting up of DC power supply and load open circuit, goes for the pulsating load of any DC power supply.
Claims (10)
1. a DC power supply pulse load adapter, comprises DC power supply, characterized by further comprising:
BUCK circuit, it comprises power switch, tap inductor, filter capacitor, the input of described power switch is connected with one end of current sampling circuit, the head end of described tap inductor is connected with the output of power switch, one end of described filter capacitor is connected with the tail end of tap inductor, and the other end of described filter capacitor is connected with the negative pole of DC power supply;
Current sampling circuit, it is connected between the positive pole of DC power supply and the power switch of BUCK circuit, and its output is connected with the inverting input of current error amplifying circuit;
Current error amplifying circuit, its in-phase input end is connected with the first a reference source, and its output is connected with the in-phase input end of PWM controller;
Freewheeling circuit, it comprises controllable silicon, fly-wheel diode and the first tapped resistor string, described first tapped resistor connection in series-parallel is between the head end and tail end of tap inductor, the tap terminals of described first tapped resistor string controls pole be connected with the tap terminals of tap inductor, silicon controlled, and described silicon controlled anode, silicon controlled negative electrode, fly-wheel diode are connected mutually;
PWM controller, its output is connected with the control end of the power switch of BUCK circuit;
First a reference source.
2. DC power supply pulse load adapter according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
Voltage sampling circuit, it is connected in parallel on the output of described DC power supply pulse load adapter, and the output of described voltage sampling circuit is connected with the in-phase input end of voltage error amplifying circuit;
Voltage error amplifying circuit, its inverting input is connected with the second a reference source;
Monostable circuit, its input is connected with the output of voltage error amplifying circuit, and its output is connected with the in-phase input end of PWM controller;
Second a reference source.
3. DC power supply pulse load adapter according to claim 1, is characterized in that the connected mode of described controllable silicon, fly-wheel diode, tap inductor is:
Described silicon controlled anode is connected with the negative pole of afterflow diode, and the positive pole of described fly-wheel diode is connected with the tail end of tap inductor, and described silicon controlled negative electrode is connected with the head end of tap inductor; Or
Described silicon controlled negative electrode is connected with the positive pole of afterflow diode, and the negative pole of described fly-wheel diode is connected with the tail end of tap inductor, and described silicon controlled anode is connected with the head end of tap inductor.
4. DC power supply pulse load adapter according to claim 1, is characterized in that described first a reference source is reference current source.
5. DC power supply pulse load adapter according to claim 2, is all in series with diode between the output that it is characterized in that described current error amplifying circuit and the in-phase input end of PWM controller, between the output of monostable circuit and the in-phase input end of PWM controller.
6. DC power supply pulse load adapter according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described voltage sampling circuit is the second tapped resistor string, the tap terminals of described second tapped resistor string is connected with the in-phase input end of voltage error amplifying circuit as the output of electric sample circuit.
7. DC power supply pulse load adapter according to claim 2, is characterized in that described second a reference source is reference voltage source.
8. DC power supply pulse load adapter according to claim 1, is characterized in that described current sampling circuit comprises current sensor, load resistance, bridge rectifier,
One end of described current sensor is connected with the positive pole of DC power supply, and its other end is connected with the input of the power switch of BUCK circuit;
Described load resistance, bridge rectifier are all connected in parallel on the two ends of current transformer, and the output of described bridge rectifier is connected with the inverting input of current error amplifying circuit as the output of current sampling circuit.
9. DC power supply pulse load adapter according to claim 8, is characterized in that described current sensor is current transformer.
10. according to described DC power supply pulse load adapter arbitrary in claim 1 to 9, characterized by further comprising a RC absorbing circuit and the 2nd RC absorbing circuit, between the input that a described RC absorbing circuit is connected in parallel on the power switch of BUCK circuit and output, between the head end that described 2nd RC absorbing circuit is connected in parallel on the tap inductor of BUCK circuit and tail end.
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| CN110783982A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-02-11 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Pulse load power supply working mode analysis method and system for space navigation |
| CN111650450A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-09-11 | 杭州奥能电源设备有限公司 | Identification method based on direct current mutual string identification device |
| CN111650450B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-07-15 | 杭州奥能电源设备有限公司 | Identification method based on direct current mutual string identification device |
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