CN104950040B - Wood internal defect three-D imaging method based on Top k inverse distance-weighting - Google Patents

Wood internal defect three-D imaging method based on Top k inverse distance-weighting Download PDF

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CN104950040B
CN104950040B CN201510397975.7A CN201510397975A CN104950040B CN 104950040 B CN104950040 B CN 104950040B CN 201510397975 A CN201510397975 A CN 201510397975A CN 104950040 B CN104950040 B CN 104950040B
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space
point
wood internal
little
known point
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CN104950040A (en
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冯海林
陈方翔
李光辉
杜晓晨
方益明
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Zhejiang A&F University ZAFU
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Zhejiang A&F University ZAFU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of wood internal defect three-D imaging method based on Top k inverse distance-weighting, according to Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave data, obtain to space and estimate known point speed data collection in vertex neighborhood;The space is calculated according to inverse distance-weighting algorithm and estimates property value drawing three-dimensional spatial point distribution map a little, according to the rotten situation of three dimensions point profiling analysis wood internal to be measured;Three-dimensional imaging is carried out to wood internal defect using this clearly demarcated method, neighborhood of a point relational extensions are estimated into three dimensions in space, increase, which estimates search radius a little and introduces top k inquiries and find out, influences k maximum known point in its neighborhood, the property value estimated a little is calculated and carries out three-dimensional imaging, there is higher imaging precision;Wood internal defect is detected, rotten position, the rotten order of severity are analyzed, technology is easy, rapidly and efficiently, accurately can quickly know the rotten situation of wood internal, substantially increase the efficiency of the rotten detection of wood internal.

Description

Wood internal defect three-D imaging method based on Top-k inverse distance-weighting
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of imaging method of wood internal defect, is specifically related to a kind of anti-distances of Top-k that are based on and adds The wood internal defect three-D imaging method of power.
Background technology
China is the country of a timber resources famine, as economic development and the continuous of living standards of the people carry Rise, the demand of timber also cumulative year after year therewith.Live body wood largely regularly detect using wood nondestructive testing technology Timely remedy as the important means of related forest resourceies utilization rate is effectively improved.Wood nondestructive testing technology is used for detecting Timber growth characteristics, the physical property of timber and its structure, wood internal defect, mechanical property of timber etc., using timber without Damage detection technique can improve timber utilization rate.
In wood nondestructive testing technology, it will usually use some imaging methods allow wood internal the defects of intuitively Display, more fast intuitively wood internal defective locations etc. are researched and analysed for researchers, prior art carries A kind of stress wave tomography technology is supplied, the imaging technique mainly obtains timber two dimension by stress wave tomography technology Faultage image, then the information such as size, the shape of wood internal defect are obtained by faultage image, but this method is needed to wood Material carries out the acquisition of multiple cross sectional image, this methods experiment week that three-dimensional research is carried out by obtaining timber two dimension tomograph Phase is long, realizes that efficiency is low;There is a kind of method by CT scan technical limit spacing wood internal three-dimensional situation in the prior art in addition, Although this method disposably obtains wood internal three-dimensional situation, cost is higher, is not easy to realize.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention:In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, present invention offer is a kind of, and based on Top-k, anti-distance adds The wood internal defect three-D imaging method of power, this method can be accurately positioned wood internal defective locations and the rotten feelings of defect Condition, substantially increase detection efficiency.
Technical scheme:To achieve the above object, a kind of wood internal defect based on Top-k inverse distance-weighting of the invention Three-D imaging method, comprise the following steps:
S1 fixes sensor around timber to be measured, makes that sensor is evenly distributed on around timber to be measured and sensor is consolidated It is scheduled at the different height around timber to be measured;
S2 is tapped successively to sensor, makes stress wave in detected materials internal communication, and record stress wave is in timber In the propagation time in portion, calculate spread speed of the stress wave between any two sensor;
S3 is obtained to space according to Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave data and is estimated known point speed data collection in vertex neighborhood;
S4 estimates known point speed data collection in vertex neighborhood by space, and it is pre- to calculate the space according to inverse distance-weighting algorithm Estimate property value a little;
S5 estimates property value drawing three-dimensional spatial point distribution map a little according to space, according to three dimensions point profiling analysis The rotten situation of wood internal to be measured.
Further, known point in the field estimated the space before property value a little is estimated in space a little is calculated to sieve Choosing, specifically includes following steps:
The cubic search method based on two dimension in bearing search method is expanded to the space search based on three-dimensional by S21 first Method, if it is a little p that space, which is estimated,i(xi,yi), point p is estimated in the spacei(xi,yi) around known point q be present in 8 domain level constraintsi (xi,yi);
Then S22 is scanned for using search radius r to known point in each domain level constraints, wherein rmin< r < R, R are wood The radius of material, rminRefer to rminThe number of known point must reach threshold value δ set in advance in the domain level constraints searched;
S23 finally estimates point p using based on Top-k inquiring technology search spacesi(xi,yi) in domain level constraints with the space Estimate k known point of a correlation maximum.
Further, the step S23 specifically includes following steps:
The set T of M tuple is given, each tuple has m'=(u1,u2,...,um.,) individual attribute, set T is stored as arranging Set S={ the S of file1,S2,...,Sm, each row file is binary combination Si(rid,ui), wherein rid represents the mark of object Know symbol, uiProperty value of the object at attribute is represented, wherein dullness of the storage mode of each row file for the property value of each tuple Nonincreasing sequence, defines the score function that F is m' attribute, and F formula are as follows:
(formula 1)
In formula, λiIt is score function F in property value uiOn weight;
Using k subset of each tuple in Top-k inquiring technologies inquiry query set T, by reading m row, descending is arranged The row file S of row, order are read in sequence, and when tuple rid occurs, the mode of random write is in another m-1 row file Other property values are obtained, then calculate their score value, if the score value is current maximum k, are tieed up with Priority Queues K tuple and its relevant information are protected, to each row sequence, if its current read position uiIf threshold tau=F (u1,u2,..., um'), when the minimum value of k tuple fractional value in Priority Queues is not less than τ, poll-final.
Further, the step S4 comprises the following steps:
S41 makesRepresentation space estimates point pi(xi,yi) to the weight of known point in its field, thenIt is expressed as:
(formula 2)
In formula,It is a little p that representation space, which is estimated,i(xi,yi) and known point qi(xi,yiThe distance between), m is constant;
S42 estimates in space point pi(xi,yi) attribute value table be shown as:
(formula 3)
In formula,Property value a little is estimated for space,For pi(xi,yi) property value of i-th of known point, δ in field To participate in the number of known point in the neighborhood calculated.
Further, m value is 1.
Further, in the step S1, the maximum height difference scope between the sensor being fixed on timber to be measured is 15cm~30cm.
Beneficial effect:The present invention compared with the prior art, this have the advantage that:
1st, three-dimensional imaging is carried out to wood internal defect using this clearly demarcated method, neighborhood of a point relation is estimated into space and expanded Three dimensions is opened up, increase, which estimates search radius a little and introduces top-k and inquire about to find out in its neighborhood, to be influenceed known to maximum k Point, the property value estimated a little is calculated and carries out three-dimensional imaging, there is higher imaging precision;
2nd, wood internal defect is detected using the method for the present invention, rotten position, the rotten order of severity is carried out Analysis, technology is easy, rapidly and efficiently, accurately can quickly know the rotten situation of wood internal, it is rotten to substantially increase wood internal The efficiency of detection.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the wood internal defect three-D imaging method flow chart of the invention based on Top-k inverse distance-weighting.
Fig. 2 is 5 kinds of experiment sample figures of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the wood internal defect imaging design sketch obtained based on inventive algorithm.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Wood internal defect three-D imaging method proposed by the present invention based on Top-k inverse distance-weighting, reference picture 1, bag Include following steps:
Sensor is fixed around timber to be measured, makes that sensor is evenly distributed on around timber to be measured and sensor is fixed At the different height around timber to be measured, wherein the maximum height difference scope between the sensor being fixed on timber to be measured is 15cm~30cm, sensor is tapped successively, make stress wave in detected materials internal communication, record stress wave is in timber In the propagation time in portion, calculate spread speed of the stress wave between any two sensor;
According to Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave data, obtain to space and estimate known point speed data collection in vertex neighborhood;
Known point speed data collection in vertex neighborhood is estimated by space, calculating the space according to inverse distance-weighting algorithm estimates The property value of point, calculate needs to estimate the space known point in field a little before property value a little is estimated in space sieves Choosing, specifically includes following steps:
The cubic search method based on two dimension in bearing search method is expanded into the space search method based on three-dimensional first, if It is a little p that space, which is estimated,i(xi,yi), point p is estimated in the spacei(xi,yi) around known point q be present in 8 domain level constraintsi(xi,yi);
Then known point in each domain level constraints is scanned for using search radius r, wherein rmin< r < R, R are timber Radius, rminRefer to rminThe number of known point must reach threshold value δ set in advance in the domain level constraints searched;
Finally point p is estimated using based on Top-k inquiring technology search spacesi(xi,yi) estimated with the space in domain level constraints K known point of point correlation maximum:The set T of M tuple is given, each tuple has m'=(u1,u2,...,um.,) individual category Property, set T is stored as to the set S={ S of row file1,S2,...,Sm, each row file is binary combination Si(rid,ui), its Middle rid represents the identifier of object, uiProperty value of the object at attribute is represented, wherein the storage mode of each row file is each member The dull nonincreasing sequence of the property value of group, defines the score function that F is m' attribute, and F formula are as follows:
(formula 1)
In formula, λiIt is score function F in property value uiOn weight;F is monotonic function, i.e.,It is if right All 1≤i≤m', a1·u1≤a2·u2, then F (a1)≤F(a2)Inquired about using Top-k inquiring technologies each in query set T K subset of tuple, by reading the m row row file S that descending arranges, order is read in sequence, when tuple rid occurs When, then the mode of random write calculates their score value in another m-1 row file acquisition other property value, if The score value is current maximum k, and k tuple and its relevant information are safeguarded with Priority Queues, to each row sequence, if it is worked as Preceding reading position uiIf threshold tau=F (u1,u2,...,um'), when the minimum value of k tuple fractional value in Priority Queues is not less than τ When, poll-final;
The space is calculated according to inverse distance-weighting algorithm and estimates property value a little, is comprised the following steps:
OrderRepresentation space estimates point pi(xi,yi) to the weight of known point in its field, thenIt is expressed as:
(formula 2)
In formula,It is a little p that representation space, which is estimated,i(xi,yi) and known point qi(xi,yiThe distance between), m is constant, m Value be 1;
Estimate point p in spacei(xi,yi) attribute value table be shown as:
(formula 3)
In formula,Property value a little is estimated for space,For pi(xi,yi) property value of i-th of known point, δ in field To participate in the number of known point in the neighborhood calculated;
Because m value is 1 in the embodiment of the present invention, point p is estimated in spacei(xi,yi) attribute value table be shown as:
(formula 4)
Property value drawing three-dimensional spatial point distribution map a little is estimated according to space, treated according to three dimensions point profiling analysis Survey the rotten situation of wood internal, specifically by space estimate a little according to different attribute value progress color assignment, and carry out three-dimensional can Depending on change.
The embodiment of the present invention:
Timber to be measured chooses 5 kinds of experiment samples in the present invention, and sample tree type is respectively Chinese walnut, paulownia and Chinese parasol tree Tung oil tree, as shown in Fig. 2 sample sequence number 1 and 3 is paulownia sample in Fig. 2, sample sequence number 2 and 5 is Chinese walnut sample, sample Sequence number 4 is Chinese parasol tree tree sample, and wherein sample sequence number 1 and 3 is the forced hole of excavated by manual work to simulate the rotten situation of nature, sample sequence number 2, 4 and 5 the defects of is that nature is rotten, the defects of sample is calculated using the product of sample defect point ratio and actual sample volume Volume, it is 4019.2cm that sample 1, which is calculated, and surveys defect volume3, it is 2601.12cm that sample 2, which surveys defect volume,3, sample 3 It is 1074.84cm to survey defect volume3, it is 2418.39cm that sample 4, which surveys defect volume,3, sample 5 survey defect volume be 2307.9cm3
By using the portable timber Laminographic device of independent research, the different height around the wood sample of selection Place fixes 12 sensors and carries out data acquisitions, wherein the maximum height difference of 6 samples be respectively 20cm, 30cm, 15cm, 15cm, 15cm, 20cm, 12 sensors are tapped successively, after each sensor has tapped, extract test data twice, altogether 24 groups of Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave data are calculated, are analyzed for three-dimensional imaging;
Above-mentioned 5 kinds of samples are tested respectively using algorithm proposed by the present invention, experiment effect figure is soft by MATLAB Part emulates to obtain, and finally obtains the experiment effect figure of 5 kinds of samples, as shown in figure 3, Fig. 3 reactions correspond to different sample sequence numbers respectively Sample graphics, sample top view, the imaging three-dimensional figure based on Top-k inverse distance-weighting algorithms and based on the anti-distances of Top-k The imaging top view of weighting algorithm, it is clear that the region of black color dots composition is actual rotten area in sample in figure Domain, the region of the point composition of other light colours is region healthy in sample;
The present invention using the actual measurement volume of sample defect and the defects of be calculated based on inventive algorithm volume it Between relative error verify the correctness of testing result, the actual measurement volume of sample defect and calculated based on inventive algorithm Relative error between the defects of obtaining volume is calculated by formula 5:
Δ t=| v1-v|/v1(formula 5)
In formula, v refers to the actual measurement volume of sample defect, v1The defects of referring to be calculated based on inventive algorithm Volume, sample defects detection result are as shown in table 1:
Table 1
From table 1 it follows that the relative error Δ t of sample 5 is 16.1%, reason is probably that the upper and lower side of sample 5 is rotten Rotten degree difference is larger, is to carry out analog sample profile using standard cylindrical type when being imaged using inventive algorithm so that algorithm meter The defects of calculating gained volume has larger error with actual defects volume, and other samples are using in graphics obtained by inventive algorithm Defective locations and actual defects position are very close, average detected rate of accuracy reached to 83.9%.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that:Come for those skilled in the art Say, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as Protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. the wood internal defect three-D imaging method based on Top-k inverse distance-weighting, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps:
S1 fixes sensor around timber to be measured, makes that sensor is evenly distributed on around timber to be measured and sensor is fixed on At different height around timber to be measured;
S2 is tapped successively to sensor, makes stress wave in detected materials internal communication, and record stress wave is in wood internal In the propagation time, calculate spread speed of the stress wave between any two sensor;
S3 is obtained to space according to Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave data and is estimated known point speed data collection in vertex neighborhood;
S4 estimates known point speed data collection in vertex neighborhood by space, and calculating the space according to inverse distance-weighting algorithm estimates a little Property value;
Calculate space and estimate property value a little and estimate known point in field a little to the space before and screen, specifically include with Lower step:
The cubic search method based on two dimension in bearing search method is expanded to the space search method based on three-dimensional by S21 first, if It is a little p that space, which is estimated,i(xi,yi), point p is estimated in the spacei(xi,yi) around known point q be present in 8 domain level constraintsi(xi,yi);
Then S22 is scanned for using search radius r to known point in each domain level constraints, wherein rmin< r < R, R are timber Radius, rminRefer to rminThe number of known point must reach threshold value δ set in advance in the domain level constraints searched;
S23 finally estimates point p using based on Top-k inquiring technology search spacesi(xi,yi) estimated with the space in domain level constraints K known point of point correlation maximum;
The step S23 specifically includes following steps:
The set T of M tuple is given, each tuple has m'=(u1,u2,...,um) individual attribute, set T is stored as row text Set S={ the S of part1,S2,...,Sm, each row file is binary combination Si(rid,ui), wherein rid represents the mark of object Symbol, uiProperty value of the object at attribute is represented, wherein the storage mode of each row file is the dull non-of the property value of each tuple Increasing sequence, defines the score function that F is m' attribute, and F formula are as follows:
In formula, λiIt is score function F in property value uiOn weight;
Using k subset of each tuple in Top-k inquiring technologies inquiry query set T, by reading the descending arrangement of m row Row file S, order are read in sequence, and when tuple rid occurs, the mode of random write is in another m-1 row file acquisition Other property values, their score value is then calculated, if the score value is current maximum k, k are safeguarded with Priority Queues Tuple and its relevant information, to each row sequence, if its current read position uiIf threshold tau=F (u1,u2,...,um'), when excellent When the minimum value of k tuple fractional value is not less than τ in first queue, poll-final;
S5 estimates property value drawing three-dimensional spatial point distribution map a little according to space, to be measured according to three dimensions point profiling analysis The rotten situation of wood internal.
2. the wood internal defect three-D imaging method according to claim 1 based on Top-k inverse distance-weighting, its feature It is:The step S4 comprises the following steps:
S41 makesRepresentation space estimates point pi(xi,yi) to the weight of known point in its field, thenIt is expressed as:
In formula,It is a little p that representation space, which is estimated,i(xi,yi) and known point qi(xi,yiThe distance between), m is constant;
S42 estimates in space point pi(xi,yi) attribute value table be shown as:
In formula,Property value a little is estimated for space,For pi(xi,yi) property value of i-th of known point in field, δ is participates in The number of known point in the neighborhood of calculating.
3. the wood internal defect three-D imaging method according to claim 2 based on Top-k inverse distance-weighting, its feature It is:M value is 1.
4. the wood internal defect three-D imaging method according to claim 1 based on Top-k inverse distance-weighting, its feature It is:In the step S1, the maximum height difference scope between the sensor being fixed on timber to be measured is 15cm~30cm.
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CN105467012B (en) * 2015-11-23 2018-06-26 江南大学 A kind of method for detecting defective locations on trees radial longitudinal section

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5840032A (en) * 1997-05-07 1998-11-24 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for three-dimensional ultrasound imaging using transducer array having uniform elevation beamwidth
CN103105432A (en) * 2011-11-15 2013-05-15 北京理工大学 Three-dimensional perspective imaging technology of ultrasonic microscopy
CN104572970A (en) * 2014-12-31 2015-04-29 浙江大学 SPARQL inquire statement generating system based on ontology library content

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JP2643318B2 (en) * 1988-06-20 1997-08-20 三菱電機株式会社 3D object shape recognition method using ultrasonic waves

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US5840032A (en) * 1997-05-07 1998-11-24 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for three-dimensional ultrasound imaging using transducer array having uniform elevation beamwidth
CN103105432A (en) * 2011-11-15 2013-05-15 北京理工大学 Three-dimensional perspective imaging technology of ultrasonic microscopy
CN104572970A (en) * 2014-12-31 2015-04-29 浙江大学 SPARQL inquire statement generating system based on ontology library content

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