CN104933264A - Determining method for regenerative braking distribution coefficient of electric vehicle - Google Patents
Determining method for regenerative braking distribution coefficient of electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN104933264A CN104933264A CN201510395389.9A CN201510395389A CN104933264A CN 104933264 A CN104933264 A CN 104933264A CN 201510395389 A CN201510395389 A CN 201510395389A CN 104933264 A CN104933264 A CN 104933264A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a determining method for the regenerative braking distribution coefficient of an electric vehicle. First, according to an ideal braking force distribution curvature, total braking force is distributed to front and back wheels, and then a fuzzy control algorithm is adopted for distributing braking force of the front wheels of the electric vehicle into regenerative braking force and friction braking force. In the concrete implementation process, the fuzzy control algorithm with vehicle speed, braking force strength and a battery SOC being input and a regenerative braking proportion coefficient being output is adopted, wherein the membership degree function of the battery SOC is determined through a fuzzy statistics method, and other input and output membership degree functions are determined through collecting a lot of experimental data in combination with actual experience and consideration for security.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric vehicle engineering field, more specifically say, relate to a kind of defining method of electric automobile regenerative braking partition factor.
Background technology
In recent years, electric automobile obtains and develops fast, but the problem of its flying power deficiency, cause the extensive concern of Chinese scholars.Regenerative braking controls the important channel of the distance travelled number being raising electric motor car.
Existing regenerative braking moment allocation strategy mainly contains two kinds: tandem Control Strategy for Regenerative Braking and parallel Strategy for Regeneration Control.Tandem Control Strategy for Regenerative Braking has the feature that the braking energy recovery is high, but its shortcoming also clearly, and that is exactly system complex, and technical difficulty is large, is not easy to realize.Parallel Strategy for Regeneration Control refers to when severity of braking is less, adopts regenerative braking separately; When severity of braking is medium, regenerative braking force and mechanical braking force is adopted to distribute the parallel strategy braked by fixed proportion; During large severity of braking, only adopt mechanical braking.Parallel have the feature that reliable operation, structure are simple, be convenient to Project Realization, but its energy recovery efficiency is not as tandem regenerative braking allocation strategy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of defining method of electric automobile regenerative braking partition factor is provided, electric automobile regenerative braking partition factor is estimated by FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL, under the prerequisite ensureing electric vehicle brake safety, better can recover energy like this.
For achieving the above object, the defining method of a kind of electric automobile regenerative braking of the present invention partition factor, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) membership function inputting in fuzzy control, export, is determined
(1.1), by pedal sensor gather lot of experimental data, construct the membership function of severity of braking Z;
Z={Low Middle High};
Wherein, Low represents light brake, and Middle represents that moderate is braked, and High represents that severe is braked;
(1.2), Negotiation speed sensor gather lot of experimental data, construct the membership function of speed v;
Wherein, speed v divides Three Estate,
represent that the speed of a motor vehicle is in the first estate,
represent that the speed of a motor vehicle is in the second grade,
represent that the speed of a motor vehicle is in the tertiary gradient;
(1.3) under, counting different state-of-charge SOC by fuzzy statistical method, the probability of charging current when large current charge state can be accepted and can not accept large current charge state, recycling MATLAB carries out matching, determines the membership function of state-of-charge SOC;
SOC={Acceptable Unacceptable};
Wherein, Acceptable is for can accept large current charge state, and Unacceptable is for can not accept large current charge state;
(1.4), the membership function exporting regenerative braking partition factor β is determined;
β={Low'Middle'High'};
Wherein, export regenerative braking partition factor β and divide Three Estate, Low' represents that exporting regenerative braking partition factor β is in the first estate, and Middle' represents that exporting regenerative braking partition factor β is in the second grade, and High' represents that exporting regenerative braking partition factor β is in the tertiary gradient;
(2), fuzzy control rule is determined
(2.1), when exporting regenerative braking partition factor β and belonging to Low', the initial conditions of fuzzy control rule is: severity of braking Z belongs to High, or SOC belongs to Unacceptable;
(2.2), when exporting regenerative braking partition factor β and belonging to Middle', the initial conditions of fuzzy control rule is: severity of braking Z belongs to Middle and SOC belongs to Acceptable and speed v belongs to
or
(2.3), when exporting regenerative braking partition factor β and belonging to High', the initial conditions of fuzzy control rule is: severity of braking Z belongs to Middle and SOC belongs to Acceptable and speed v belongs to
or severity of braking Z belongs to Low and SOC belongs to Acceptable;
(3), fuzzy control rule in step (2) is incorporated in the Brake force distribution strategy of electric automobile model
(3.1) front and back wheel damping force and the total braking force relation of electric automobile, is determined
(3.1.1), to front and back wheel earth point place carry out force analysis, obtain the relation between each stressed and electric automobile parameter, as follows:
Wherein, G represents automobile general assembly (TW); M represents automobile gross mass; L represents wheelbase; A represents barycenter front axle distance; B represents barycenter rear axle distance; h
grepresent that barycenter is high; F
zfrepresent the reacting force in front-wheel normal direction; F
zrrepresent the reacting force in trailing wheel normal direction; V represents the speed of automobile,
represent ground attaching coefficient, wherein, when front and back wheel locking simultaneously, ground attaching coefficient
meet:
(3.1.2), when front and back wheel locking simultaneously, the relation of front and back wheel damping force and total braking force meets:
Again abbreviation arrangement is carried out to above formula, the relation of front and back wheel damping force and total braking force can be obtained:
Wherein, F
urfor rear-wheel braking force, F
uffor front wheel brake power;
(3.2), utilize MATLAB to carry out matching to the speed v under electric automobile current time, severity of braking Z and state-of-charge SOC, obtain the regenerative braking partition factor β under current time
0;
(3.3), according to the regenerative braking partition factor β under current time
0, by front wheel brake power F
urregenerative braking force F is distributed into regenerative braking fuzzy control
rwith friction brake force F
u;
Wherein, F
uffor front wheel brake power.
Goal of the invention of the present invention is achieved in that
The defining method of electric automobile regenerative braking partition factor of the present invention, first according to ideal braking force distribution curve, total braking force is assigned in front and back wheel, then adopts FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL that electric automobile front wheel brake power is assigned as regenerative braking force and friction brake force.In specific implementation process, this patent adopts with the speed of a motor vehicle, and damping force intensity and battery SOC are as input, and regenerative braking scale-up factor is as the FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL exported.Wherein, the membership function of battery SOC adopts fuzzy statistical method to determine, the membership function of other input and output is then by gathering lot of experimental data, in conjunction with practical experience and determine the consideration of security.
Meanwhile, the defining method of electric automobile regenerative braking partition factor of the present invention also has following beneficial effect:
The fuzzy control Control Strategy for Regenerative Braking that the present invention adopts, and in conjunction with the advantage of tandem and parallel Strategy for Regeneration Control, make energy recovery efficiency higher than parallel control strategy for regenerative braking, but comparatively tandem control strategy for regenerative braking is easy to realize; Secondly, the fuzzy control control strategy for regenerative braking that the present invention adopts employs the distribution that severity of braking, battery charge state, the speed of a motor vehicle decide regenerative braking force jointly, make Torque distribution more reasonable, further increase energy recovery rate, under the prerequisite ensureing driving safety, capacity usage ratio can be improved.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the determination method flow diagram of electric automobile regenerative braking partition factor of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the membership function process flow diagram determining fuzzy control input and output;
Fig. 3 is the membership function schematic diagram of severity of braking Z;
Fig. 4 is the membership function schematic diagram of speed v;
Fig. 5 is the membership function schematic diagram of state-of-charge SOC;
Fig. 6 is the membership function schematic diagram exporting regenerative braking partition factor β;
Fig. 7 is regenerative braking force factor beta and the relation surface chart between Z-SOC, Z-v, SOC-v;
Fig. 8 is the force analysis figure of the electric automobile that the present invention selects.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, so that those skilled in the art understands the present invention better.Requiring particular attention is that, in the following description, when perhaps the detailed description of known function and design can desalinate main contents of the present invention, these are described in and will be left in the basket here.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the determination method flow diagram of electric automobile regenerative braking partition factor of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the defining method of regenerative braking partition factor of the present invention, mainly comprises following three steps:
T1, the membership function determined input in fuzzy control, export;
T2, determine fuzzy control rule;
T3, fuzzy control rule to be incorporated in the Brake force distribution strategy of electric automobile model.
Respectively above-mentioned three steps are elaborated below:
T1, determine the membership function of fuzzy control input and output
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, determine that the membership function of fuzzy control input and output comprises the following steps:
T1.1), by pedal sensor gather lot of experimental data, and in conjunction with practical experience and the consideration to security, construct the membership function of severity of braking Z;
In the present embodiment, lot of experimental data is gathered by pedal sensor, and in conjunction with practical experience and the consideration to security, to the division methods of severity of braking Z, the membership function of severity of braking Z as shown in Figure 3, the membership function of severity of braking Z is: Z={Low Middle High}, and wherein: Low represents light brake, scope is roughly 0 ~ 0.15; Middle represents that moderate is braked, and scope is roughly 0.15 ~ 0.65; High represents that severe is braked, and scope is roughly 0.65 ~ 1;
T1.2), Negotiation speed sensor gathers lot of experimental data, and in conjunction with practical experience and the consideration to security, constructs the membership function of speed v;
In the present embodiment, Negotiation speed sensor gathers lot of experimental data, and in conjunction with practical experience and the consideration to security, constructs the membership function of speed v, and as shown in Figure 4, the membership function of speed v is:
wherein:
represent that the speed of a motor vehicle is in the first estate, scope is roughly at 0 ~ 20km/h;
represent that the speed of a motor vehicle is in the second grade, scope is roughly at 20 ~ 45km/h;
represent that the speed of a motor vehicle is in the tertiary gradient, scope is roughly at more than 45km/h;
T1.3) membership function of state-of-charge SOC, is determined
The state-of-charge of accumulator of electric car, i.e. battery SOC, its size directly affects the ability to accept of accumulator to charging current; SOC value is larger, and the acceptable maximum current of accumulator will be less.And the size of regenerative braking force can change the size of current of electric power generation, therefore under different battery SOC states, rational regenerative braking force coefficient should be adopted to control electric power generation size of current, so just can make the charging current of battery within rational scope.
In the present embodiment, the membership function by using fuzzy statistical method to determine input parameter SOC.Idiographic flow is: first obtained the charging current under all SOC states by ADVISOR emulation, then under counting different state-of-charge SOC by fuzzy statistical method, the probability of charging current when large current charge state can be accepted and can not accept large current charge state, we recycle MATLAB and carry out matching, determine the membership function of state-of-charge SOC, as shown in Figure 5, the membership function of state-of-charge SOC is: SOC={Acceptable Unacceptable}, wherein, Acceptable is for can accept large current charge state, scope is roughly 0 ~ 0.8, Unacceptable is for can not accept large current charge state, and scope is roughly 0.8 ~ 1,
T1.4), the membership function exporting regenerative braking partition factor β is determined;
According to a large amount of emulation experiments, and in conjunction with practical experience and the consideration to security, determine the membership function of output parameter regenerative braking ratio beta, as shown in Figure 6, the membership function exporting regenerative braking partition factor β is: β={ Low'Middle'High'}, wherein: Low' represents that β is in the first estate, scope is roughly 0 ~ 0.3; Middle' represents that β is in the second grade, and scope is roughly 0.3 ~ 0.7; High' represents that β is in the tertiary gradient, and scope is roughly 0.7 ~ 1;
T2, determine fuzzy control rule
When formulating regenerative braking fuzzy control rule, security and the comfortableness of car load should be ensured as far as possible, reclaiming more energy as far as possible simultaneously.And the reasoning of Sugeno Fuzzy has very high operation efficiency, can linear control theory be worked in coordination with, use and optimize and adaptive technique, ensure the advantages such as the continuity of output plane, therefore adopt Sugeno reasoning in the present embodiment.
In the present embodiment, can formulate regenerative braking fuzzy control rule according to output regenerative braking partition factor β, specific rules is as follows:
(T2.1), when exporting regenerative braking partition factor β and belonging to Low', the initial conditions of fuzzy control rule is: severity of braking Z belongs to High, or SOC belongs to Unacceptable;
(T2.2), when exporting regenerative braking partition factor β and belonging to Middle', the initial conditions of fuzzy control rule is: severity of braking Z belongs to Middle and SOC belongs to Acceptable and speed v belongs to
or
(T2.3), when exporting regenerative braking partition factor β and belonging to High', the initial conditions of fuzzy control rule is: severity of braking Z belongs to Middle and SOC belongs to Acceptable and speed v belongs to
or severity of braking Z belongs to Low and SOC belongs to Acceptable;
Can fuzzy control rule table be generated according to (T2.1) ~ (T2.3), as shown in table 1, have 18 rules.
Table 1 is fuzzy control rule table;
Table 1
According to above-mentioned membership function and fuzzy control rule, curved surface as shown in Figure 7 can be obtained, this curved surface is obtained by MATLAB matching, by after setting input and output membership function and respective rule between the regenerative braking force factor beta that calculates and Z-SOC, between β and Z-v, the relation curved surface between β and SOC-v.
T3, fuzzy control rule to be incorporated in the Brake force distribution strategy of electric automobile model
(T3.1) front and back wheel damping force and the total braking force relation of electric automobile, is determined
(T3.1.1), as shown in Figure 8, to front and back wheel earth point, place carries out force analysis, obtains the relation between each stressed and electric automobile parameter, as follows:
Wherein, G represents automobile general assembly (TW); M represents automobile gross mass; L represents wheelbase; A represents barycenter front axle distance; B represents barycenter rear axle distance; h
grepresent that barycenter is high; F
zfrepresent the reacting force in front-wheel normal direction; F
zrrepresent the reacting force in trailing wheel normal direction; V represents the speed of automobile,
represent ground attaching coefficient, wherein, when front and back wheel locking simultaneously, ground attaching coefficient
meet:
In the present embodiment, the partial parameters of the electric automobile model selected is as shown in table 2:
Table 2 is parameter lists of electric automobile model;
Project | Data |
Electric automobile gross mass m (kg) | 1200 |
Physical dimension (mm*mm*mm) | 3900*1555*1670 |
Barycenter front axle distance a (m) | 1.452 |
Height of C.G. h g(m) | 0.8 |
Wheelbase L (m) | 2.420 |
Table 2
Wherein, the reacting force F in front-wheel normal direction
zfmeet:
Reacting force F in trailing wheel normal direction
zrmeet:
(T3.1.2), when front and back wheel locking simultaneously, the relation of front and back wheel damping force and total braking force meets:
Again abbreviation arrangement is carried out to above formula, the relation of front and back wheel damping force and total braking force can be obtained:
Wherein, F
urfor rear-wheel braking force, F
uffor front wheel brake power;
(T3.2), utilize MATLAB to carry out matching to the speed v under electric automobile current time, severity of braking Z and state-of-charge SOC, obtain the regenerative braking partition factor β under current time
0;
Wherein, the computing method of the severity of braking Z under current time are:
Wherein, g represents acceleration of gravity, and t represents the time;
(T3.3), according to the regenerative braking partition factor β under current time
0, by front wheel brake power F
urregenerative braking force F is distributed into regenerative braking fuzzy control
rwith friction brake force F
u;
Wherein, F
uffor front wheel brake power.
Although be described the illustrative embodiment of the present invention above; so that those skilled in the art understand the present invention; but should be clear; the invention is not restricted to the scope of embodiment; to those skilled in the art; as long as various change to limit and in the spirit and scope of the present invention determined, these changes are apparent, and all innovation and creation utilizing the present invention to conceive are all at the row of protection in appended claim.
Claims (3)
1. a defining method for electric automobile regenerative braking partition factor, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) membership function inputting in fuzzy control, export, is determined
(1.1), by pedal sensor gather lot of experimental data, construct the membership function of severity of braking Z;
Z={Low Middle High};
Wherein, Low represents light brake, and Middle represents that moderate is braked, and High represents that severe is braked;
(1.2), Negotiation speed sensor gather lot of experimental data, construct the membership function of speed v;
Wherein, speed v divides Three Estate,
represent that the speed of a motor vehicle is in the first estate, Middle represents that the speed of a motor vehicle is in the second grade,
represent that the speed of a motor vehicle is in the tertiary gradient;
(1.3) under, counting different state-of-charge SOC by fuzzy statistical method, the probability of charging current when large current charge state can be accepted and can not accept large current charge state, recycling MATLAB carries out matching, determines the membership function of state-of-charge SOC;
SOC={Acceptable Unacceptable};
Wherein, Acceptable is for can accept large current charge state, and Unacceptable is for can not accept large current charge state;
(1.4), the membership function exporting regenerative braking partition factor β is determined;
β={Low'Middle'High'};
Wherein, export regenerative braking partition factor β and divide Three Estate, Low' represents that exporting regenerative braking partition factor β is in the first estate, and Middle' represents that exporting regenerative braking partition factor β is in the second grade, and High' represents that exporting regenerative braking partition factor β is in the tertiary gradient;
(2), fuzzy control rule is determined
(2.1), when exporting regenerative braking partition factor β and belonging to Low', the initial conditions of fuzzy control rule is: severity of braking Z belongs to High, or SOC belongs to Unacceptable;
(2.2), when exporting regenerative braking partition factor β and belonging to Middle', the initial conditions of fuzzy control rule is: severity of braking Z belongs to Middle and SOC belongs to Acceptable and speed v belongs to
or
(2.3), when exporting regenerative braking partition factor β and belonging to High', the initial conditions of fuzzy control rule is: severity of braking Z belongs to Middle and SOC belongs to Acceptable and speed v belongs to
or severity of braking Z belongs to Low and SOC belongs to Acceptable;
(3), fuzzy control rule in step (2) is incorporated in the Brake force distribution strategy of electric automobile model
(3.1) front and back wheel damping force and the total braking force relation of electric automobile, is determined
(3.1.1), to front and back wheel earth point place carry out force analysis, obtain the relation between each stressed and electric automobile parameter, as follows:
Wherein, G represents automobile general assembly (TW); M represents automobile gross mass; L represents wheelbase; A represents barycenter front axle distance; B represents barycenter rear axle distance; h
grepresent that barycenter is high; F
zfrepresent the reacting force in front-wheel normal direction; F
zrrepresent the reacting force in trailing wheel normal direction; V represents the speed of automobile,
represent ground attaching coefficient, wherein, when front and back wheel locking simultaneously, ground attaching coefficient
meet:
(3.1.2), when front and back wheel locking simultaneously, the relation of front and back wheel damping force and total braking force meets:
Again abbreviation arrangement is carried out to above formula, the relation of front and back wheel damping force and total braking force can be obtained:
Wherein, F
urfor rear-wheel braking force, F
uffor front wheel brake power;
(3.2), utilize MATLAB to carry out matching to the speed v under electric automobile current time, severity of braking Z and state-of-charge SOC, obtain the regenerative braking partition factor β under current time
0;
(3.3), according to the regenerative braking partition factor β under current time
0, by front wheel brake power F
urregenerative braking force F is distributed into regenerative braking fuzzy control
rwith friction brake force F
u;
Wherein, F
uffor front wheel brake power.
2. the defining method of a kind of electric automobile regenerative braking partition factor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the reacting force F in described front-wheel normal direction
zfmeet:
Reacting force F in described trailing wheel normal direction
zrmeet:
Wherein, G represents automobile general assembly (TW); L represents wheelbase; A represents barycenter front axle distance; B represents barycenter rear axle distance; h
grepresent that barycenter is high; V represents the speed of automobile,
represent front and back wheel locking simultaneously ground attaching coefficient constantly.
3. the defining method of a kind of electric automobile regenerative braking partition factor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (3.2), the severity of braking Z under current time is:
Wherein, g represents acceleration of gravity, and t represents the time.
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CN110254239A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-20 | 福州大学 | A kind of Torque distribution method during electric car regenerative braking transient response |
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