CN104931399A - Integrative capacitor-laser dust concentration measuring device - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了属于粉尘浓度测量设备领域的一种集成式电容-激光测量粉尘浓度的装置。该装置是通过数据采集仪器和多路开关将是将电容层析成像装置、激光全息测量装置和上位机三部分集成在一起；激光全息测量装置与电容层析成像装置因其测量原理不同而互不干扰，两者均完全不影响通道内的所有状态；激光全息测量装置容易求得流场的其他物理量，由于得到的是全场的速度信息，可方便的运用流体运动方程求解诸如压力场、涡流场等物理信息，而电容层析成像装置也可以测得除浓度场外例如温度场，流场等信息，在一定程度上得以互补，实现同一装置可以测量不同参数，节省资源的目的。
The invention discloses an integrated capacitance-laser device for measuring dust concentration, which belongs to the field of dust concentration measuring equipment. The device integrates the three parts of the capacitance tomography device, the laser holographic measurement device and the upper computer through the data acquisition instrument and the multi-way switch; No interference, both of them do not affect all the states in the channel at all; the laser holographic measurement device can easily obtain other physical quantities of the flow field. Physical information such as eddy current field, and electrical capacitance tomography device can also measure information such as temperature field and flow field in addition to concentration field, which can be complementary to a certain extent, so that the same device can measure different parameters and save resources.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于粉尘浓度测量设备领域，尤其涉及一种集成式电容-激光测量粉尘浓度的装置。The invention belongs to the field of dust concentration measuring equipment, in particular to an integrated capacitance-laser device for measuring dust concentration.
背景技术Background technique
气固两相流研究涉及工业生产过程的各个方面，化工、能源、电力中都有不同程度的粉尘排放，检测其浓度、粉尘大小对环境保护有非常重要的指导意义；目前，利用声学、光学与电学测量原理可以对粉尘浓度进行测量；通过对其浓度进行测量，进而实现过程的优化控制，提高生产效率、降低能耗、节约能源。The study of gas-solid two-phase flow involves all aspects of industrial production processes. There are different degrees of dust emissions in chemical industry, energy, and electric power. The detection of its concentration and dust size has very important guiding significance for environmental protection; at present, the use of acoustics, optics The principle of electrical measurement can measure the dust concentration; through the measurement of its concentration, the optimal control of the process can be realized, the production efficiency can be improved, the energy consumption can be reduced, and energy can be saved.
电容层析成像技术是随着计算机技术和检测技术的进步发展起来的新一代参数检测技术，其英文名称为Electric Capacitance Tomography，简称ECT。ECT是传感器件以电极阵列从外部环绕流动通道的被测截面，通过扫描的方式依次测定所有电极对之间的电容值。被测截面内物质分布的变化将造成所测电容值的相应变化，ECT则根据所测的电容值，通过图像重建的过程重建出被测截面内的物质分布。Electrical capacitance tomography is a new generation of parameter detection technology developed with the progress of computer technology and detection technology. Its English name is Electric Capacitance Tomography, or ECT for short. ECT is a sensing device that uses an electrode array to surround the measured section of the flow channel from the outside, and sequentially measures the capacitance values between all electrode pairs by scanning. The change of material distribution in the measured section will cause the corresponding change of the measured capacitance value, and ECT reconstructs the material distribution in the measured section through the process of image reconstruction according to the measured capacitance value.
电容层析成像主要用于工业管道内的多相流检测，这种技术可提供常规仪器无法探测的封闭管道及容器中多相介质的浓度、分布、运动状态等可视化信息，与其它测量技术或仪表相配合还可应用于多相流总质量流量、分相质量流量以及流速的实时检测。Capacitance tomography is mainly used for multiphase flow detection in industrial pipelines. This technology can provide visual information such as concentration, distribution, and movement status of multiphase media in closed pipelines and containers that cannot be detected by conventional instruments. It is different from other measurement techniques or The cooperation of the instrument can also be applied to the real-time detection of the total mass flow rate of the multiphase flow, the mass flow rate of the separated phases and the flow rate.
激光全息技术主要用于测量粒子的流场，此外，激光全息技术在微米级和亚微米级的测量方面也有很好的表现。激光全息测量技术结合了光学测量技术、计算机处理技术、CCD以及图像处理技术，通过对衍射图像处理，最终测量得到气固两相流中粒子浓度；所述装置是将两种方法集成为一种基于电容-激光的测量装置，实现对被测空间中气固两相流浓度的测量。Laser holography is mainly used to measure the flow field of particles. In addition, laser holography also performs well in the measurement of micron and submicron levels. The laser holographic measurement technology combines optical measurement technology, computer processing technology, CCD and image processing technology, and finally measures the particle concentration in the gas-solid two-phase flow by processing the diffraction image; the device integrates the two methods into one Based on the capacitance-laser measuring device, the measurement of the gas-solid two-phase flow concentration in the measured space is realized.
电容层析成像和激光全息测量，二者都是非介入式测量方式，对于被测空间的内部运动都几乎不造成影响，同时，这两种检测方式测量原理不同、互不干扰，特别的，在某些工业应用领域(如发电厂、变电站)，会存在极强的电磁干扰，电容层析成像测量值将会产生严重偏差，在这种情况下，激光测量方法可以弥补了这一不足。因此，将二者综合运用是一种非常理想的检测方案。Capacitance tomography and laser holography, both of which are non-invasive measurement methods, have little effect on the internal movement of the measured space. At the same time, the two detection methods have different measurement principles and do not interfere with each other. In particular, in In some industrial applications (such as power plants, substations), there will be extremely strong electromagnetic interference, and the measured values of electrical capacitance tomography will have serious deviations. In this case, the laser measurement method can make up for this deficiency. Therefore, the comprehensive use of the two is a very ideal detection scheme.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是提出了一种集成式电容-激光测量粉尘浓度的装置，其特征在于，该装置是通过数据采集仪器和多路开关将电容层析成像装置、激光全息测量装置和上位机三部分集成在一起；其电容层析成像测量装置所在的轴线与激光全息测量装置所在的轴线相互垂直；电容层析成像测量装置中传感器阵列紧贴被测通道的外壁，被测通道的开孔管段放在激光全息测量装置光路上的透镜组和滤光片之间；激光全息测量装置与电容层析成像装置(ECT测量装置)的输入端分别连接多路开关，输出端分别连接数据采集系统，上位机分别连接多路开关和数据采集系统，组成集成式电容-激光测量粉尘浓度的装置；其中，图像分析和浓度分析过程由上位机完成；激光全息测量装置与电容层析成像装置因其测量原理不同而互不干扰，两者均完全不影响通道内的所有状态。The purpose of the present invention is to propose an integrated capacitance-laser device for measuring dust concentration, which is characterized in that the device is composed of three parts: a capacitance tomography device, a laser holographic measurement device and a host computer through a data acquisition instrument and a multi-way switch. integrated together; the axis where the electric capacitance tomography measuring device is located is perpendicular to the axis where the laser holographic measuring device is located; Between the lens group and the optical filter on the optical path of the laser holographic measurement device; the input ends of the laser holographic measurement device and the capacitance tomography imaging device (ECT measurement device) are respectively connected to a multi-way switch, and the output ends are respectively connected to the data acquisition system. The computer is respectively connected with a multi-way switch and a data acquisition system to form an integrated capacitive-laser device for measuring dust concentration; among them, the image analysis and concentration analysis processes are completed by the host computer; Different but not interfering with each other, neither of them affects all the states in the channel at all.
所述电容层析成像装置由电容传感器阵列、激励信号、运算放大器、交流放大电路、解调和滤波电路依次连接组成，电容传感器阵列是由在被测管道外侧任多个截面上均匀布置电容极板构成；当流体流动时，任意的两极板组成一对电容，管道内流动的介质在通过电容极板时会产生不同的介电常数，也因此产生了不同大小的电容值，运用正则化算法对管道的浓度场完成重建，完成对粒子浓度的测定。The capacitive tomography device is composed of a capacitive sensor array, an excitation signal, an operational amplifier, an AC amplifier circuit, a demodulation and a filter circuit, and the capacitive sensor array is formed by uniformly arranging capacitive poles on any number of sections outside the pipeline to be tested. When the fluid flows, any two polar plates form a pair of capacitors. When the medium flowing in the pipeline passes through the capacitor plates, different dielectric constants will be generated, and thus different capacitance values will be generated. Using the regularization algorithm Complete the reconstruction of the concentration field of the pipeline, and complete the measurement of the particle concentration.
所述激光全息测量装置由激光器、空间滤波器、透镜组、开孔管段、滤光片和CCD相机组成；所有元件都处于同一轴线上。The laser holographic measuring device is composed of a laser, a spatial filter, a lens group, an open pipe section, an optical filter and a CCD camera; all components are on the same axis.
所述激光全息测量装置的测量过程是通过激光器发出一窄束光，经过空间滤波器变成均匀的发散光束，在空间滤波器后面加上透镜组，对空间滤波器发出的光进行汇聚；调节透镜组轴向上的位置及光束的大小，使发出的光变成平行光束射出；然后用CCD相机对有激光照射的管道内粒子进行拍摄，得到釆集图像，之后对拍摄到的图像进行去噪、去背景及目标识别处理，得到粒子的二维位置，最后通过重建方法确定粒子的轴向位置，获得了粒子在测量管道内的三维空间分布即粒子浓度。The measurement process of the laser holographic measuring device is to send out a narrow beam of light through the laser, which becomes a uniform divergent beam through the spatial filter, and a lens group is added behind the spatial filter to converge the light emitted by the spatial filter; The axial position of the lens group and the size of the light beam make the emitted light into a parallel beam to be emitted; then use a CCD camera to shoot the particles in the pipeline irradiated by the laser to obtain the collected image, and then remove the captured image. The two-dimensional position of the particle is obtained through noise removal, background removal and target recognition processing. Finally, the axial position of the particle is determined by the reconstruction method, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the particle in the measurement pipeline, that is, the particle concentration, is obtained.
本发明的有益效果是解决了在粉尘浓度的检测中，无法实现在不影响设备的结构和机械性能的同时，以不干扰流体流动的方式进行管道截面多相分布的测量问题，具有如下特点：The beneficial effect of the present invention is to solve the problem that in the detection of dust concentration, it is impossible to realize the measurement of the multi-phase distribution of the pipeline cross-section without affecting the structure and mechanical properties of the equipment at the same time without interfering with the fluid flow, and has the following characteristics:
(1)电容层析成像装置测量气固两相流浓度会受到电磁干扰，因而不适于在发电厂、变电站等存在强电磁的地方进行测量，而激光全息测量装置则不易受到电磁干扰的影响，可以极大的弥补在电容层析成像不能完成的工况下完成浓度测量。(1) The measurement of the gas-solid two-phase flow concentration by the electrical capacitance tomography device will be subject to electromagnetic interference, so it is not suitable for measurement in places with strong electromagnetic fields such as power plants and substations, while the laser holographic measurement device is not easily affected by electromagnetic interference. It can greatly make up for the completion of concentration measurement under the conditions that electric capacitance tomography cannot be completed.
(2)激光全息测量装置测量气固两相流中粒子浓度时，粒子浓度的大小对浓度的确定会有影响，粒子浓度大会造成拍摄图像不清晰，各粒子之间重叠严重，难以区分；浓度小会导致所测量的数据过少，难以表征整个流场的特性，面对这一问题，电容层析成像则可以满足测量需要。(2) When the laser holographic measurement device measures the particle concentration in the gas-solid two-phase flow, the size of the particle concentration will affect the determination of the concentration. The large particle concentration will cause the captured image to be unclear, and the overlapping between the particles is serious, making it difficult to distinguish; the concentration Small size will lead to too little measured data, and it is difficult to characterize the characteristics of the entire flow field. Faced with this problem, electrical capacitance tomography can meet the measurement needs.
(3)电容层析成像装置对测量精度制约的一个根本问题是信息量的缺乏，这在图像重建的过程中会出现病态本质，而激光全息测量装置一次可以得到成百上千个样本，不会造成信息量的缺乏，提高了测量的精度。(3) A fundamental problem of electrical capacitance tomography equipment that restricts measurement accuracy is the lack of information, which will appear pathological in the process of image reconstruction, while laser holographic measurement equipment can obtain hundreds or thousands of samples at a time. It will cause a lack of information and improve the accuracy of measurement.
(4)激光全息测量装置容易求得流场的其他物理量，由于得到的是全场的速度信息，可方便的运用流体运动方程求解诸如压力场、涡流场等物理信息，而电容层析成像装置也可以测得除浓度场外例如温度场，流场等信息，实现同一装置可以测量不同参数，节省资源。(4) The laser holographic measurement device is easy to obtain other physical quantities of the flow field. Since it obtains the velocity information of the entire field, it can easily use the fluid motion equation to solve physical information such as pressure field and eddy current field. In addition to the concentration field, information such as temperature field and flow field can also be measured, so that the same device can measure different parameters and save resources.
(5)电容层析成像装置对电容测量要求很高，这在工业上的应用带来很大困难。此外ECT系统需具有实时性，这就要求流体的流动速度达到每秒数米或者更高，而且ECT需要长时间的稳定工作，为了避免有用信号被漂移信号淹没，必须使得检测电路的漂移很低的同时要抑制ECT系统中的大量杂散电容，而激光则可以在一定程度上对其得以补充。(5) The electrical capacitance tomography device has high requirements for capacitance measurement, which brings great difficulties in industrial application. In addition, the ECT system needs to be real-time, which requires the flow speed of the fluid to be several meters per second or higher, and the ECT needs to work stably for a long time. In order to prevent the useful signal from being overwhelmed by the drift signal, the drift of the detection circuit must be very low At the same time, the large amount of stray capacitance in the ECT system must be suppressed, and the laser can supplement it to a certain extent.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为集成式电容-激光测量粉尘浓度的装置的系统框图。Figure 1 is a system block diagram of an integrated capacitive-laser device for measuring dust concentration.
图2为整个装置中电容层析成像装置部分的结构图。Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the electrical capacitance tomography device in the whole device.
图3为集成式电容-激光测量粉尘浓度的装置的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an integrated capacitive-laser device for measuring dust concentration.
其中，1-激光器；2-空间滤波器；3-透镜组；4-电容极板；5-测量管道；6-滤光片；7-CCD相机；8-数据采集仪器；9-上位机；10-多路开关；11-激励信号；12-运算放大器；13-交流放大电路；14-解调和滤波电路；Among them, 1-laser; 2-spatial filter; 3-lens group; 4-capacitance plate; 5-measurement pipe; 6-filter; 7-CCD camera; 8-data acquisition instrument; 9-host computer; 10-multi-channel switch; 11-excitation signal; 12-operational amplifier; 13-AC amplifier circuit; 14-demodulation and filter circuit;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明目的是提出了一种集成式电容-激光测量粉尘浓度的装置，下面结合附图和实施对本发明作详细说明。The object of the present invention is to propose an integrated capacitive-laser device for measuring dust concentration. The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation.
如图1所示为集成式电容-激光测量粉尘浓度的装置的系统框图，图3所示为集成式电容-激光测量粉尘浓度的装置的结构示意图。图中所示集成式电容-激光测量粉尘浓度的装置的具体结构是通过数据采集仪器和多路开关将是将电容层析成像装置(ECT测量装置)、激光全息测量装置和上位机三部分集成在一起；其电容层析成像测量装置所在的轴线与激光全息测量装置所在的轴线相互垂直；所述电容层析成像装置由电容传感器阵列、激励信号11、运算放大器12、交流放大电路13、解调和滤波电路14依次连接组成，电容传感器阵列是由在被测管道5外侧的多个截面上均匀布置电容极板4构成；当气固两相流流动时，任意的两极板可以组成一对电容，管道内流动的介质在通过电容极板时会产生不同的介电常数，也因此产生了不同大小的电容值，将不同的电容量的变化传送到数据采集仪器中，再由一定的数学算法完成对图像的重建，最后完成了对粒子浓度的测定。所述激光全息测量装置由激光器1、空间滤波器2、透镜组3、被测管道5的开孔管段、滤光片6和CCD相机7组成；所有元件都处于同一轴线上。Figure 1 is a system block diagram of an integrated capacitive-laser device for measuring dust concentration, and Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated capacitive-laser device for measuring dust concentration. The specific structure of the integrated capacitive-laser measuring device for dust concentration shown in the figure is to integrate the electric capacitance tomography device (ECT measuring device), the laser holographic measuring device and the host computer through the data acquisition instrument and the multi-way switch. together; the axis where the electrical capacitance tomography measuring device is located is perpendicular to the axis where the laser holographic measuring device is located; The harmonic filter circuit 14 is connected in sequence, and the capacitive sensor array is formed by uniformly arranging capacitive plates 4 on multiple cross-sections outside the measured pipeline 5; when the gas-solid two-phase flow flows, any two polar plates can form a pair Capacitance, the medium flowing in the pipeline will produce different dielectric constants when passing through the capacitor plates, and thus produce different capacitance values, and the changes of different capacitances will be transmitted to the data acquisition instrument, and then determined by certain mathematics The algorithm completes the reconstruction of the image, and finally completes the determination of the particle concentration. The laser holographic measurement device is composed of a laser 1, a spatial filter 2, a lens group 3, an open pipe section of the measured pipeline 5, an optical filter 6 and a CCD camera 7; all components are on the same axis.
电容层析成像测量装置中传感器阵列紧贴被测管道5的外壁(如图2所示)，被测管道5的开孔管段放在激光全息测量装置光路上的透镜组3和滤光片6之间；激光全息测量装置与电容层析成像装置(ECT测量装置)的输入端分别连接多路开关10，输出端分别连接数据采集仪器8，上位机9分别连接多路开关10和数据采集仪器8，组成集成式电容-激光测量粉尘浓度的装置；其中，由上位机(计算机)9进行图像分析和浓度分析。激光全息测量装置与电容层析成像装置因其测量原理不同而互不干扰，两者均完全不影响被测管道5内的所有状态。In the electrical capacitance tomography measurement device, the sensor array is close to the outer wall of the measured pipeline 5 (as shown in Figure 2), and the open pipe section of the measured pipeline 5 is placed on the lens group 3 and the optical filter 6 on the optical path of the laser holographic measurement device between; the input ends of the laser holographic measuring device and the electric capacitance tomography device (ECT measuring device) are respectively connected to the multi-way switch 10, the output ends are respectively connected to the data acquisition instrument 8, and the host computer 9 is respectively connected to the multi-way switch 10 and the data acquisition instrument 8. Forming an integrated capacitance-laser device for measuring dust concentration; wherein, the upper computer (computer) 9 performs image analysis and concentration analysis. The laser holographic measurement device and the electrical capacitance tomography device do not interfere with each other because of their different measurement principles, and neither of them affects all states in the measured pipeline 5 at all.
所述激光全息测量装置的测量过程是通过激光器1发出一窄束光，经过空间滤波器2变成均匀的发散光束，在空间滤波器2后面加上透镜组3，对空间滤波器2发出的光进行汇聚；调节透镜组3轴向上的位置及光束的大小，使发出的光变成平行光束射出；然后用CCD相机7对有激光照射的管道内粒子进行拍摄，得到釆集图像，之后对拍摄到的图像进行去噪、去背景及目标识别处理，得到粒子的二维位置，最后通过重建方法确定粒子的轴向位置，获得了粒子在测量管道内的三维空间分布即粒子浓度。The measurement process of the laser holographic measurement device is to send a narrow beam of light through the laser 1, which becomes a uniform divergent light beam through the spatial filter 2, and a lens group 3 is added behind the spatial filter 2 to send out the spatial filter 2. The light is converged; the axial position of the lens group 3 and the size of the light beam are adjusted so that the emitted light becomes a parallel light beam and is emitted; then the particles in the pipeline irradiated by the laser are photographed with a CCD camera 7 to obtain an image, and then The captured image is denoised, background removed, and target identified to obtain the two-dimensional position of the particle. Finally, the axial position of the particle is determined by the reconstruction method, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the particle in the measurement pipeline, that is, the particle concentration, is obtained.
所述电容传感器阵列用于检测在气固两相流流动中，管道内介质在通过电容极板时会产生不同的介电常数，造成的电容值的变化；所述ECT测量用于将电容信息经转换、放大和滤波后，通过接口传送到上位机上；所述图像分析和浓度分析分别用于两部分，在电学方面，将得到的电容信息通过分析，运用正则化算法对管道内的浓度场进行重建，其中也需经过对图像进行去噪等过程，而在激光方面，则将CCD相机拍摄到的图片经去噪去背景后，进行粒子识别，然后通过浓度分析完成对浓度的测量。The capacitance sensor array is used to detect the change of the capacitance value caused by the different dielectric constants of the medium in the pipeline when passing through the capacitance plate in the flow of gas-solid two-phase flow; the ECT measurement is used to convert the capacitance information After conversion, amplification and filtering, it is transmitted to the host computer through the interface; the image analysis and concentration analysis are respectively used in two parts. In terms of electricity, the obtained capacitance information is analyzed, and the regularization algorithm is used to analyze the concentration field in the pipeline. Reconstruction requires image denoising and other processes. In terms of laser, the pictures captured by the CCD camera are denoised and backgrounded, and the particles are identified, and then the concentration is measured through concentration analysis.
集成式电容-激光测量粉尘浓度的装置的具体测量过程如下：The specific measurement process of the integrated capacitance-laser device for measuring dust concentration is as follows:
(1)该测量过程分为电容层析成像装置测量和激光全息测量装置测量两部分，这两部分经多路开关10控制，分别完成用电学和光学对气固两相流浓度进行测定。而且因为激光需要有光通过管道，所以需要在管道对应位置开设小孔或此部分用石英玻璃材料管道。(1) The measurement process is divided into two parts: capacitance tomography device measurement and laser holographic measurement device measurement. These two parts are controlled by the multi-way switch 10 to complete the measurement of gas-solid two-phase flow concentration by electricity and optics respectively. And because the laser needs light to pass through the pipeline, it is necessary to open a small hole in the corresponding position of the pipeline or use a quartz glass material pipeline for this part.
(2)所述激光器1发出的一窄束光，经过空间滤波器2变成均匀的发散光束，在空间滤波器2的后面加上凸透镜，对空间滤波器发出的光进行汇聚；调节凸透镜轴向上的位置及光束的大小，使发出的光为平行射出为止；接下来用CCD相机7对管道内的粒子进行拍摄，将拍摄到图片通过线缆传导到上位机(计算机)上。(2) A narrow beam of light sent by the laser 1 becomes a uniform divergent beam through the spatial filter 2, and a convex lens is added behind the spatial filter 2 to converge the light sent by the spatial filter; adjust the convex lens axis The upward position and the size of the light beam are such that the emitted light is emitted in parallel; then the particles in the pipeline are photographed with the CCD camera 7, and the photographed pictures are transmitted to the host computer (computer) through cables.
(3)所述电容层析成像装置在任何一个管道的截面上，在管道外侧均匀的布置电容极板，当流体流动时，两极板可以组成一对电容，管道内流动的介质在通过电容极板时会产生不同的介电常数，也因此产生了不同大小的电容值，通过数据采集系统将电容值传到上位机(计算机)中保存。(3) On the cross-section of any pipeline, the capacitance tomography device uniformly arranges capacitance plates on the outside of the pipeline. When the fluid flows, the two pole plates can form a pair of capacitors, and the medium flowing in the pipeline passes through the capacitance electrodes. Different dielectric constants will be generated when the board is used, and thus different capacitance values will be generated. The capacitance value will be transmitted to the host computer (computer) through the data acquisition system for storage.
(4)上位机(计算机)将激光全息测量装置中CCD相机拍摄的图片进行去噪、去背景后，对粒子进行三维空间识别，实现对气固两相流浓度进行测量；而上位机对电容层析成像装置测得的电容值进行分析，运用正则化算法对管道的浓度场完成重建，实现了浓度测量。(4) The upper computer (computer) denoises and removes the background of the pictures taken by the CCD camera in the laser holographic measurement device, and then performs three-dimensional space recognition on the particles to realize the measurement of the concentration of the gas-solid two-phase flow; The capacitance value measured by the tomography device is analyzed, and the regularization algorithm is used to reconstruct the concentration field of the pipeline to realize the concentration measurement.
(5)根据电学和光学两种方法对浓度进行了测定，进行比较，如果两者的浓度值没有明显的差异，则可得到管道内粉尘的浓度，反之，则需进行重新界定；另外，对于在特定场合下只能选用一种测量方法，则选用一种测量气固两相流浓度。(5) The concentration was measured and compared according to the two methods of electricity and optics. If there is no obvious difference between the concentration values of the two, the concentration of dust in the pipeline can be obtained, otherwise, it needs to be redefined; in addition, for In a specific occasion, only one measurement method can be selected, and one method is used to measure the concentration of gas-solid two-phase flow.
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