CN104929765A - Stepless speed regulating single-piston type hydraulic free piston engine - Google Patents
Stepless speed regulating single-piston type hydraulic free piston engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN104929765A CN104929765A CN201510387698.1A CN201510387698A CN104929765A CN 104929765 A CN104929765 A CN 104929765A CN 201510387698 A CN201510387698 A CN 201510387698A CN 104929765 A CN104929765 A CN 104929765A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stepless speed regulating single-piston type hydraulic free piston engine and belongs to the technical field of hybrid power. The hydraulic free piston engine comprises a high-voltage energy accumulator, a low-voltage energy accumulator, a constant power transformer, a control valve, an air cylinder body, an oil atomizer and a piston component. The air cylinder body provides a mounting cavity of the piston component, and accordingly a piston oil cavity, a starting oil cavity and a scavenging chamber are formed. A port A of the constant power transformer is connected with the high-voltage energy accumulator. A port C is connected with the low-voltage energy accumulator. A port B is communicated with the piston oil cavity. The control valve is arranged, so that when the hydraulic free piston engine is in a starting working condition, the high-voltage energy accumulator is communicated with the starting oil cavity. In a first stroke and a second stroke, the low-voltage energy accumulator is communicated with the starting oil cavity. The engine generates pressure changing through the constant power transformer, so that hydraulic energy and fuel burning heat energy are directly converted, and meanwhile by changing the port pressure of the constant power transformer, stepless speed regulating of the free piston engine can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of free-piston engine, be specifically related to a kind of stepless speed regulation single-piston hydraulic free-piston engine, belong to technical field of hybrid power.
Technical background
Along with day by day manifesting of global energy crisis and environmental deterioration problem, the requirement of the energy saving standard performance of motor is also improved constantly.Simultaneously developing rapidly and applying along with ic engine industry, people have more and more higher requirement to the structure of power plant, efficiency, specific power and disposal of pollutants.People are devoted to the Improvement and perfection to conventional engines on the one hand, novel power plant of seek assiduously on the other hand.Hydraulic free-piston engine is exactly the new special internal-combustion engine grown up under this overall background.Hydraulic free-piston engine is the comprehensive of modern hydraulic technology, microelectronic technology, control technique and internal-combustion engine technology.Hydraulic free-piston linear motor realizes the to-and-fro motion of piston by the fuel feeding of accumulator and the work by combustion of fuel, and in working procedure, compression ratio can free adjusting, has the potential advantages such as specific power is high, fuel type is wide, exhaust emission is light.Therefore hydraulic free-piston engine has higher use value and good development prospect.
Nowadays about in hydraulic free-piston engine research work, the rationality design of its structure and to optimize also be an important directions of its development.There is the deficiencies such as structure is not compact, technology capability is poor, control is complicated in existing hydraulic free-piston linear motor.Opposed piston existing at present and the free-piston engine of double piston type, in these two kinds of arrangements, the arrangement of piston all can cause the axial dimension of piston assembly excessive, make hydraulic free-piston engine structure not compact, the shortcomings such as the technology capability variation of piston assembly.
Meanwhile, in hydraulic free-piston engine evolution, raise the efficiency is the target that everybody pursues always.Hydraulic free-piston engine is that a kind of fuel burner and hydraulic pressure installation organic integration being integrated realizes the chemical energy of fuel being the device of hydraulic energy.Nowadays many about in hydraulic free-piston engine invention, in the process of transformation of energy, mechanism is complicated, changes loaded down with trivial details, there is many losses, seriously reduce the efficiency of hydraulic free-piston engine.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of stepless speed regulation single-piston hydraulic free-piston engine, adopt invariable power potential device, energy transferring chain can be shortened, simplified structure, adopt single piston cylinder operator, make engine structure compact.Meanwhile, by changing the pressure of invariable power transformer port, the function of motor stepless speed regulation can be realized.
This stepless speed regulation single-piston hydraulic free-piston engine comprises: high pressure accumulator, low pressure accumulator, invariable power transformer, cylinder block, oil sprayer and piston assembly; Described piston assembly comprises the cylinder piston, piston rod and the pump piston that are connected successively; Described invariable power transformer has three ports, is respectively port A, port B and port C.
Its annexation is: described piston assembly is positioned at cylinder block cavity; Described cylinder block, according to the difference of intracavity diameter, is divided into three sections vertically, respectively cylindrical portion A, cylindrical portion B and cylindrical portion C; Wherein the diameter of cylindrical portion B is greater than the diameter of cylindrical portion A; Described pump piston is the disc-shaped structure mated with the internal diameter of described cylindrical portion; Described cylinder piston is the disc-shaped structure mated with the internal diameter of described cylindrical portion A; The inner chamber of described cylindrical portion C is divided into chamber A and chamber B by the dividing plate only passed for piston rod, described pump piston is positioned at chamber B, chamber B be divided into piston oil pocket and start oil pocket, wherein said startup oil pocket is the chamber between described dividing plate and pump piston; The inner chamber of described cylindrical portion A is scavenging room, and the inner bottom surface corresponding to scavenging room is provided with oil sprayer and valve; The circumferential surface of described chamber A is provided with breather check valve.
The port A of described invariable power transformer is connected with high pressure accumulator by oil circuit, and port C is connected with low pressure accumulator by oil circuit, and port B is communicated with described piston oil pocket by oil circuit;
In addition, make this hydraulic free-piston engine when start operating performance by arranging control valve, described high pressure accumulator is communicated with startup oil pocket; When the first stroke and the second stroke, described low pressure accumulator is communicated with startup oil pocket.
Axially be provided with for the guide wall that play the guiding role to the movement of cylinder piston along it in described cylindrical portion B; The circumferential surface of described guide wall is provided with two or more air hole.
Beneficial effect:
(1) adopt invariable power transformer in this hydraulic free-piston engine kind, energy transferring chain can be shortened, simplify the structure of motor, promote engine efficiency and reliability.
(2) characteristics of motion of piston assembly can be changed by the port pressure of regulating constant power transformer, solid line stepless speed regulation, simultaneously the compression ratio of flexibly changing motor.
(3) adopt single piston cylinder operator, make overall engine compact structure, can tiny engine be made, the field such as micro-robot, vehicle can be widely used in.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the first embodiment of this free-piston engine;
Fig. 2 is the start operating performance schematic diagram of this free-piston engine;
Fig. 3 is each position of components figure in the first stroke cylinder block;
Fig. 4 is each position of components figure in the second stroke cylinder body;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of hollow out guide wall;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of this free-piston engine the second embodiment.
Wherein: 1-high pressure accumulator, 2-invariable power transformer, 3-control valve A, 4-start oil pocket, 5-breather check valve, 6-cylinder block, 7-scavenging room, 8-valve, 9-oil sprayer, 10-cylinder piston, 11-guide wall, 12-piston rod, 13-control valve B, 14-pump piston, 15-piston oil pocket, 16-low pressure accumulator, 17-control valve C
Embodiment
To develop simultaneously embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the present invention.
The present embodiment provides a kind of stepless speed regulation single-piston hydraulic free-piston engine, the pressure change produced by invariable power potential device makes hydraulic energy and fuel combustion heat energy directly transform, existing straight line can be solved and start the problems such as structure is not compact, control is complicated, and energy transfer mechanism complexity, the thermal efficiency are low.The function of stepless speed regulation of piston is realized by the pressure changing invariable power transformer two ends.
Embodiment 1:
This hydraulic free-piston engine comprises: high pressure accumulator 1, low pressure accumulator 16, invariable power transformer 2, control valve A3, control valve B13, cylinder block 6, oil sprayer 9 and piston assembly.Wherein cylinder block 6 is body, and high pressure accumulator 1 and low pressure accumulator 16 are energy storage device, and piston assembly comprises the cylinder piston 10, piston rod 12 and the pump piston 14 that are connected successively.Invariable power transformer 2 has three ports, is respectively port A, port B and port C.
As shown in Figure 1, described cylinder block 6 is the column construction of hollow to its integrated connection relation, provides the installation cavity of piston assembly.Described cylinder block 6 is according to the difference of diameter, and can be divided into three sections vertically, be followed successively by cylindrical portion A, cylindrical portion B and cylindrical portion C from left to right, wherein the diameter of cylindrical portion B is greater than the diameter of cylindrical portion C and cylindrical portion A.Described pump piston 14 is the disc-shaped structure mated with the internal diameter of described cylindrical portion C, and described cylinder piston 10 is the disc-shaped structure mated with the internal diameter of described cylindrical portion A.The inner chamber of described cylindrical portion C is divided into chamber A and chamber B by the dividing plate only passed for piston rod 12, described pump piston 14 is positioned at chamber B, chamber B be divided into piston oil pocket 15 and start oil pocket 4, wherein startup oil pocket 4 is the chamber between described dividing plate and pump piston 14.The inner chamber of described cylindrical portion A is scavenging room 7, and the inner bottom surface corresponding to scavenging room 7 is provided with oil sprayer 9 and valve 8.Perforate on the circumferential surface of described chamber A, and tapping is provided with breather check valve 5, the effect of breather check valve 5 is that live gas is filled with in scavenging room 7.The guide wall 11 for playing the guiding role to the movement of cylinder piston 10 is axially provided with along it in described cylindrical portion B, described guide wall 11 is processed with multiple air hole, thus ensures that the live gas of coming in from breather check valve 5 can enter scavenging room 7 (glide path of gas is: the toroidal cavity-air hole-scavenging room between breather check valve 5-air hole-guide wall 11 and cylindrical portion B).
Described high pressure accumulator 1 by two oil circuits respectively with the port A of invariable power transformer 2 with start oil pocket 4 and be connected; The oil circuit that it is connected with startup oil pocket 4 arranges control valve A.Described control valve A is two three-way electromagnetic valves, and when it is positioned at left position, high pressure accumulator 1 is communicated with startup oil pocket 4, and when it is positioned at right position, this oil circuit ends at control valve A place.Described low pressure accumulator 16 is connected with piston oil pocket 15 (or starting oil pocket 4) with the port C of invariable power transformer 2 respectively by two oil circuits; The oil circuit that it is connected with piston oil pocket 15 arranges control valve B.Described control valve B is 2/2-way solenoid valve, and when it is positioned at upper, described low pressure accumulator 16 is communicated with startup oil pocket 4; When it is positioned at bottom, described low pressure accumulator 16 is communicated with piston oil pocket 15.The port B of described invariable power transformer 2 is directly communicated with piston oil pocket 15.
The effect of described invariable power transformer 2 produces different pressure at its port A and port B, make fluid from port C inflow low pressure accumulator 16 or by the fluid supply high pressure accumulator 1 low pressure accumulator 16, reach and reduce energy transferring chain, optimize structure, improve the object of the thermal efficiency.Meanwhile, the port pressure changing invariable power transformer can realize the function of stepless speed regulation of motor.
The working principle of this free-piston engine is illustrated below in conjunction with Fig. 2 to Fig. 5:
This free-piston engine comprises internal-combustion engine part and hydraulic part, and wherein internal-combustion engine part adopts two stroke diesel engine working principle, uniflow scavenging mode; Hydraulic part for compression stroke provide energy simultaneously by expansion stroke produce energy storage to accumulator.In working procedure, the piston assembly formed by cylinder piston 11, pump piston 14 and piston rod 12 moves in circles straight line motion.In compression stroke, the fluid flowed out from high pressure accumulator 1 flows into invariable power transformer 2 through the port A of invariable power transformer 2, the pressure of invariable power transformer 2 port B is higher than port A, fluid divides two-way, one road is from its port B inflow pump piston oil pocket 15, for internal-combustion engine compression stroke provides energy, another Lu Congqi port C flows into low pressure accumulator 16.In expansion stroke, invariable power transformer 2 port A pressure reduces, and the fluid of pump piston oil pocket 15 and the fluid of low pressure accumulator 16 conflux at invariable power transformer 2 port A, complete power stage.In piston assembly movement process, when making it move right to its range, cylinder piston 10 position is its bottom dead center position, as shown in Figure 3 position; When making it move to its range left, cylinder piston 10 position is its top dead center position, as shown in Figure 4 position.
Before startup, because cylinder piston 11 can be positioned at the arbitrary position of scavenging room 7, therefore need to make cylinder piston 10 move to special position by start operating performance.Before opening start operating performance, the position of piston assembly as shown in Figure 2.First control valve A3 is moved to left position, control valve B13 moves to bottom, is closed by invariable power transformer 2 simultaneously, and now high pressure accumulator 1 is communicated with startup oil pocket 4 by oil circuit, and pump piston oil pocket 15 is communicated with low pressure accumulator 16 by oil circuit.High-voltage oil liquid injects and starts oil pocket 4 by high pressure accumulator 1, and the high-voltage oil liquid driving pump piston 14 started in oil pocket 4 moves right, and namely piston assembly is migrated dynamic to the right.Move right in process at piston assembly, pump piston 14 is by the fluid press-in low pressure accumulator 16 in pump piston oil pocket 15.When cylinder piston 10 moves right to its bottom dead center position, start operating performance terminates.Now the position of piston assembly in cylinder block 6 as shown in Figure 3.
After start operating performance terminates, adjustment control valve A3 is positioned at right position, and control valve B13 is positioned at upper, and opens valve 8, as shown in Figure 3; Motor enters the first stroke, and now low pressure accumulator 16 is communicated with startup oil pocket 4.High pressure accumulator 1 injects high pressure liquid force feed to the port A of invariable power transformer 2, its port A pressure is less than port B pressure, again due to the power invariability of invariable power transformer 2, high pressure liquid force feed is shunted in invariable power transformer 2, one tunnel flows into low pressure accumulator 16, tunnel through port B inflow pump piston cavity 15 through port C, thus driving pump piston 14 is to left movement, namely piston assembly is to left movement, and cylinder piston 10 is moved from bottom dead center position to top dead center position.In the process, the air in scavenging room 7 is discharged by valve 8, and extraneous fresh air enters scavenging room 7 by breather check valve 5, thus realizes ventilation.At pump piston 14 in the process of left movement, the startup fluid started in oil pocket 4 is flowed into low pressure accumulator 16 through control valve 14.In the first stroke, the glide path of fluid as indicated by the arrows in fig. 3.When cylinder piston 10 is moved to the left desired location (when cylinder piston 10 moves to the transition position of cylindrical portion A and cylindrical portion B in this example), close valve 8 and breather check valve 5, now scavenging room 7 becomes closed cavity, enters compression stroke.In compression stroke, because cylinder piston 10 continues to be moved to the left, the air in scavenging room 7 is compressed, when cylinder piston 10 is close to its top dead center position, start oil sprayer 9 to injected fuel in air chamber and ignition voluntarily, the pressure in air chamber, temperature sharply raise.
When cylinder piston 10 moves to its top dead center position, now the position of piston assembly in cylinder block 6 as shown in Figure 4.Motor completes the first stroke work, enters the second stroke.Owing to being high temperature, pressurized gas in now scavenging room 7, cylinder piston 10 moves from left to right under the effect of high temperature, pressurized gas, namely moves from top dead center position to bottom dead center position, externally does work, and is now expansion stroke.In expansion stroke, because the pressure started in oil pocket 4 is low, low pressure accumulator 16 is to punching oil in startup oil pocket 4, the port B of high-voltage oil liquid in pump piston chamber 15 through invariable power transformer 2 exports by pump piston 14, due in expansion stroke, the pressure of invariable power transformer 2 port B much larger than the pressure of its port A, then needs low pressure accumulator from a certain amount of fluid of port C supply in invariable power transformer 2, then fluid confluxes at its port A, externally exports acting.Now the flow direction of fluid as shown by the arrows in figure 4.When cylinder piston 10 moves right to its 2/3 stroke, open valve 8, expansion stroke terminates, the waste gas in Exhaust Gas chamber, and inner pressure of air cylinder, temperature reduce, and make outside air enter scavenging 7 and air chamber by breather check valve 5, realizes ventilation.When cylinder piston 10 moves right to its bottom dead center position, the second stroke terminates, and so far completes a work cycle, achieves to convert the heat energy of fuel combustion to hydraulic energy by piston assembly and to be stored in high pressure accumulator 1 and externally to export acting.
Embodiment 2:
This hydraulic free-piston engine comprises: high pressure accumulator 1, low pressure accumulator 16, invariable power transformer 2, control valve C18, cylinder block 6, oil sprayer 9 and piston assembly.Wherein cylinder block 6 is body, and high pressure accumulator 1 and low pressure accumulator 16 are energy storage device, and piston assembly comprises the cylinder piston 10, piston rod 12 and the pump piston 14 that are connected successively.Invariable power transformer 2 has three ports, is respectively port A, port B and port C.
As shown in Figure 2, described cylinder block 6 is the column construction of hollow to its integrated connection relation, provides the installation cavity of piston assembly.Described cylinder block 6 is according to the difference of diameter, and can be divided into three sections vertically, be followed successively by cylindrical portion A, cylindrical portion B and cylindrical portion C from left to right, wherein the diameter of cylindrical portion B is greater than the diameter of cylindrical portion C and cylindrical portion A.Described pump piston 14 is the disc-shaped structure mated with the internal diameter of described cylindrical portion C, and described cylinder piston 10 is the disc-shaped structure mated with the internal diameter of described cylindrical portion A.The inner chamber of described cylindrical portion C is divided into chamber A and chamber B by the dividing plate only passed for piston rod 12, described pump piston 14 is positioned at chamber B, chamber B be divided into piston oil pocket 15 and start oil pocket 4, wherein startup oil pocket 4 is the chamber between described dividing plate and pump piston 14.The inner chamber of described cylindrical portion A is scavenging room 7, and the inner bottom surface corresponding to scavenging room 7 is provided with oil sprayer 9 and valve 8.Perforate on the circumferential surface of described chamber A, and tapping is provided with breather check valve 5, the effect of breather check valve 5 is that live gas is filled with in scavenging room 7.In described cylindrical portion B, being axially provided with the guide wall 11 for playing the guiding role to the movement of cylinder piston 10 along it, described guide wall 11 being processed with multiple air hole.
Described high pressure accumulator 1 by two oil circuits respectively with the port A of invariable power transformer 2 with start oil pocket 4 and be connected; The oil circuit that it is connected with startup oil pocket 4 arranges control valve C17.Described control valve C17 is 2/2-way solenoid valve, and when it is positioned at left position, high pressure accumulator 1 is communicated with startup oil pocket 4, and when it is positioned at right position, low pressure accumulator 16 is communicated with startup oil pocket 4.Described low pressure accumulator 16 is connected with the port C of invariable power transformer 2 by oil circuit; The port B of invariable power transformer 2 is directly communicated with piston oil pocket 15.
Above-described embodiment 2 is the modified model scheme of embodiment 1, eliminates a control valve, simplify operation relative to embodiment 1, its working principle and process identical with embodiment 1.
In sum, these are only preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a stepless speed regulation single-piston hydraulic free-piston engine, it is characterized in that, comprising: high pressure accumulator (1), low pressure accumulator (16), invariable power transformer (2), cylinder block (6), oil sprayer (9) and piston assembly; Described piston assembly comprises the cylinder piston (10), piston rod (12) and the pump piston (14) that are connected successively; Described invariable power transformer (2) has three ports, is respectively port A, port B and port C;
Its annexation is: described piston assembly is positioned at cylinder block (6) cavity; Described cylinder block (6), according to the difference of intracavity diameter, is divided into three sections vertically, respectively cylindrical portion A, cylindrical portion B and cylindrical portion C; Wherein the diameter of cylindrical portion B is greater than the diameter of cylindrical portion A; Described pump piston (14) is the disc-shaped structure mated with the internal diameter of described cylindrical portion C; Described cylinder piston (10) is the disc-shaped structure mated with the internal diameter of described cylindrical portion A; The inner chamber of described cylindrical portion C is divided into chamber A and chamber B by the dividing plate only supplying piston rod (12) to pass, described pump piston (14) is positioned at chamber B, chamber B be divided into piston oil pocket (15) and start oil pocket (4), wherein said startup oil pocket (4) is the chamber between described dividing plate and pump piston (14); The inner chamber of described cylindrical portion A is scavenging room (7), and the inner bottom surface corresponding to scavenging room (7) is provided with oil sprayer (9) and valve (8); The circumferential surface of described chamber A is provided with breather check valve (5);
The port A of described invariable power transformer (2) is connected with high pressure accumulator (1) by oil circuit, port C is connected with low pressure accumulator (16) by oil circuit, and port B is communicated with described piston oil pocket (15) by oil circuit;
In addition, make this hydraulic free-piston engine when start operating performance by arranging control valve, described high pressure accumulator (1) is communicated with startup oil pocket (4); When the first stroke and the second stroke, described low pressure accumulator (16) is communicated with startup oil pocket (4).
2. stepless speed regulation single-piston hydraulic free-piston engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, make this hydraulic free-piston engine when start operating performance by arranging control valve A (3) and control valve B (13), high pressure accumulator (1) is communicated with startup oil pocket (4); When the first stroke and the second stroke, described low pressure accumulator (16) is communicated with startup oil pocket (4); Be specially:
Described high pressure accumulator (1) is connected with startup oil pocket (4) by the oil circuit being provided with control valve A (3); Described control valve A (3) is two three-way electromagnetic valves, and when it is positioned at left position, described high pressure accumulator (1) is communicated with startup oil pocket (4), and when it is positioned at right position, this oil circuit ends; Described control valve B (13) is 2/2-way solenoid valve, and when it is positioned at upper, described low pressure accumulator (16) is communicated with startup oil pocket (4); When it is positioned at bottom, described low pressure accumulator (16) is communicated with described piston oil pocket (15).
3. stepless speed regulation single-piston hydraulic free-piston engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, make this hydraulic free-piston engine when start operating performance by arranging control valve C (18), high pressure accumulator (1) is communicated with startup oil pocket (4); When the first stroke and the second stroke, described low pressure accumulator (16) is communicated with startup oil pocket (4); Be specially:
Described high pressure accumulator (1) is connected with startup oil pocket (4) by the oil circuit being provided with control valve C (18); Described control valve C (18) is 2/2-way solenoid valve, when it is positioned at left position, described high pressure accumulator (1) is communicated with startup oil pocket (4), and when it is positioned at right position, described low pressure accumulator (16) is communicated with startup oil pocket (4).
4. the stepless speed regulation single-piston hydraulic free-piston engine as described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that, be axially provided with for the guide wall (11) that play the guiding role to the movement of cylinder piston (10) along it in described cylindrical portion B; The circumferential surface of described guide wall (11) is provided with two or more air hole.
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| CN201510387698.1A CN104929765B (en) | 2015-07-03 | 2015-07-03 | Stepless speed regulating single-piston type hydraulic free piston engine |
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| CN201510387698.1A CN104929765B (en) | 2015-07-03 | 2015-07-03 | Stepless speed regulating single-piston type hydraulic free piston engine |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN110469418A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-19 | 济南天易迅达电气科技有限公司 | A kind of free-piston engine fuel-injecting method based on oil spout twice |
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| US20020023598A1 (en) * | 1999-09-29 | 2002-02-28 | Ingo Valentin | Free-piston internal combustion engine |
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