CN104928513B - A kind of titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method - Google Patents
A kind of titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104928513B CN104928513B CN201510400382.1A CN201510400382A CN104928513B CN 104928513 B CN104928513 B CN 104928513B CN 201510400382 A CN201510400382 A CN 201510400382A CN 104928513 B CN104928513 B CN 104928513B
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Abstract
A kind of titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method, it is related to a kind of laser 3D printing improved method.It solves the titanium alloy and component that are prepared at present using laser 3D printing, and to there is strength level low with heat resisting temperature；Metallographic structure is thick and uneven；Metallographic structure is grown up in subsequent heat treatment modifying process；The optional scope of subsequent heat treatment technological parameter is narrower, and mechanical property improves limited；The low problem of the plasticity level of alloy and component.Improved method：First, it is titanium or titanium alloy powder and the mixed powder of improvement material powder ball milling is uniform；2nd, laser 3D printing.Metallographic structure is tiny in the laser 3D printing titanium product that present embodiment is prepared；And subsequent heat treatment window can be significantly widened, high annealing formation statenchyma is achieved, long-time solution treatment or annealing can be carried out, so as to obtain uniform metallographic structure, its mechanical property is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method.
Background technology
Titanium or titanium alloy have lightweight, it is high-strength, corrosion-resistant, without many outstanding advantages such as magnetic, in Aeronautics and Astronautics, navigation, vapour
The fields such as car, chemical industry, biomedicine have a wide range of applications.However, titanium or titanium alloy is compared with other common metals, it may have
The deficiencies such as price is high, difficult processing；F-SP complex component, mode not only processing difficulties, Er Qieyuan are machined using de-material
Material wastes serious.Using casting method prepare not only yield rate is low and also casting flaw more than and performance is not high.Using forging method
Prepare, simple shape and the little component of deflection can only be prepared.
Laser gain material is manufactured, i.e. laser 3D printing technology, is by way of laser melting coating, to realize layer upon layer, and borrow
Digital Control is helped to accumulate path, so that a direct step produces the technology of complex component.With traditional de-material manufacture, forging and stamping, casting
The technology such as make to compare, have the advantage that：(1) raw material availability is high；(2) die cost is saved；(3) short preparation period is designed；
(4) a small amount of following process or need not only be needed；(5) complex component that conventional art can not be realized can be prepared.Therefore, laser 3D is beaten
Print technology is worldwide developed rapidly, is paid much attention to by government, national defence, enterprise, institute.
However, because every layer can all occur repeatedly fusing, and cooling when preparing titanium alloy and component using laser 3D printing
Speed is exceedingly fast, so metallographic structure is thick, uneven and in needle-like, combination property is not high；Although passing through follow-up middle process annealing
Heat treatment can improve its mechanical property to a certain extent, but due to easily forming thick tissue in heat treatment process, so as to drop
Low mechanical property.Further, since the subsequent heat treatment process window of laser 3D printing titanium product is narrower, its mechanical property changes
It is kind limited, so having the following disadvantages：(1) strength level and heat resisting temperature be not high；(2) metallographic structure is thick and uneven；(3)
Metallographic structure is grown up in subsequent heat treatment modifying process；(4) the optional scope of subsequent heat treatment technological parameter is narrower, and mechanical property changes
It is kind limited；(5) because metallographic structure is thick acicular constituent, the plasticity level of alloy and component is low.
The content of the invention
The present invention in order to solve at present using laser 3D printing prepare titanium alloy and component exist strength level with it is heat-resisting
Temperature is low；Metallographic structure is thick and uneven；Metallographic structure is grown up in subsequent heat treatment modifying process；Subsequent heat treatment technique is joined
The optional scope of number is narrower, and mechanical property improves limited；The low problem of the plasticity level of alloy and component；And a kind of titanium provided is closed
Golden laser 3D printing improved method.
Titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method of the present invention is carried out according to the following steps：
First, it is titanium or titanium alloy powder and the mixed powder of improvement material powder ball milling is uniform；
2nd, laser 3D printing, laser power is 250~1000W, and sweep speed is 0.1~1.0m/min, vacuum or protection
Printed under atmosphere；The improvement of titanium alloy laser 3D printing can be achieved；
Wherein, improvement raw material is that improvement raw material is B, TiB2、B4C, C and/or SiC.
Present invention volume ratio according to shared by the improvement phase that raw material is generated with titanium or titanium alloy reaction is improved in design is conversed
Material powder and titanium or the mass ratio of titanium alloy powder are improved, titanium or titanium alloy powder is then weighed and is carried out with improvement material powder
Ball milling mixes powder.
In-situ authigenic reaction generation improvement phase easily occurs with Ti for the improvement raw material that the present invention is selected, before Ti fusings
Have completely reacted and incorporated after in molten state titanium alloy, realized and the complete metallurgical binding of titanium alloy substrate, with preferable
Wetability and pinning effect, it is to avoid cause non-wetted addition phase particles form clusters poly- shape or layer because titanium alloy melts
Shape, which is reunited, to be distributed.
Due to improvement phase be introduced into solve in preparation process titanium alloy coarse grains and it is uneven the problem of, and can
Suppress metallographic structure in follow-up heat treatment process and continue thick；Therefore, the serial titanium alloys of TA, the serial titanium alloys of TB and the serial titaniums of TC
Alloy can serve as titanium matrix of the present invention and use, so as to widen the application of laser 3D printing titanium metal elements.
Present invention improvement mutually can improve the intensity and other mechanical properties of laser 3D printing titanium product, temperature in use
Also it is further enhanced.
Improvement and Ti exothermic heat of reaction in the present invention, and take place before titanium alloy fusing, so than traditional titanium
Alloy by Laser 3D printing power is low, and sweep speed is fast, and cost is reduced to a certain extent, efficiency is added.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is tissue scanning electron microscope of the titanium metal material of the preparation of embodiment 1 after 1000 DEG C of high annealing 1h.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to act embodiment set forth below, in addition between each embodiment
Any combination.
Embodiment one：Present embodiment titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method is carried out according to the following steps：
First, it is titanium or titanium alloy powder and the mixed powder of improvement material powder ball milling is uniform；
2nd, laser 3D printing, laser power is 250~1000W, and sweep speed is 0.1~1.0m/min, vacuum or protection
Printed under atmosphere；The improvement of titanium alloy laser 3D printing can be achieved；
Wherein, improvement raw material is that improvement raw material is B, TiB2、B4C, C and/or SiC.
It is former that the volume ratio according to shared by the improvement phase that raw material is generated with titanium or titanium alloy reaction is improved in design converses improvement
Feed powder end and titanium or the mass ratio of titanium alloy powder, then weigh titanium or titanium alloy powder and are mixed with improvement material powder progress ball milling
Powder.
Metallographic structure is tiny in the laser 3D printing titanium product that present embodiment is prepared；And can significantly widen
Subsequent heat treatment window, is achieved high annealing formation statenchyma, can carry out at long-time solution treatment or annealing
Reason, so as to obtain uniform metallographic structure, greatly improves its mechanical property.
Improve volume ratio shared by phase higher, the metallographic structure of the titanium metal material prepared is more uniform, titanium alloy and improvement
Phase size is more tiny, and Technology for Heating Processing window is wider, and room temperature is higher with Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature, but plasticity is reduced.According to pure titanium
As matrix, its temperature-room type plasticity is preferable；Matrix, its excellent combination property are used as according to the serial titanium alloys of TC；Use TB series
Titanium alloy is as matrix, and room temperature strength is high；Using heat-resistant titanium alloy as matrix, its elevated temperature strength is high.
Embodiment two：The difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is：Titanium after ball milling in step one
Or the particle diameter of titanium alloy powder is 30~100 μm, the particle diameter of improveing material powder is 0.5~8 μm.Other steps and parameter and reality
Apply mode one identical.
Embodiment three：The difference of present embodiment and embodiment one or two is：Titanium is closed in step one
Gold is the serial titanium alloys of TA, the serial titanium alloys of TB or the serial titanium alloys of TC.Other steps and parameter and embodiment one or two-phase
Together.
Embodiment four：The difference of present embodiment and one of embodiment one to three is：In step 2
Using powder feeding formula or powdering formula laser 3D printing device.Other steps and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment five：The difference of present embodiment and one of embodiment one to four is：In step 2
Protective atmosphere is high-purity argon gas.Other steps and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to four.
Embodiment 1
Titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method is carried out according to the following steps：
First, it is TC4 titanium alloy powders and the mixed powder of B powder ball milling is uniform；
2nd, laser 3D printing, laser power is 500W, and sweep speed is 0.5m/min, vacuum print；Titanium can be achieved to close
The improvement of golden laser 3D printing.
The improvement phase of TiB whiskers (TiBw), design improvement phase TiBw are formed in the titanium metal material that the present embodiment is prepared
Volume fraction be 2.0vol.%.
The titanium metal material room temperature tensile intensity that the present embodiment is prepared is 1100MPa, and elongation percentage is 6%, 500 DEG C of tensions
Intensity is 680MPa；After 1000 DEG C of high annealing 1h, room temperature tensile intensity is 1030MPa, and elongation percentage is 11%.
The tissue scanning Electronic Speculum of titanium metal material is as shown in Figure 1 after 1000 DEG C of high annealing 1h.
Embodiment 2
Titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method is carried out according to the following steps：
First, by TC4 titanium alloy powders and TiB2It is uniform that powder ball milling mixes powder；
2nd, laser 3D printing, laser power is 500W, and sweep speed is 0.8m/min, vacuum print；Titanium can be achieved to close
The improvement of golden laser 3D printing.
The improvement phase of TiB whiskers (TiBw), design improvement phase TiBw are formed in the titanium metal material that the present embodiment is prepared
Volume fraction be 12.0vol.%.
The titanium metal material room temperature tensile intensity that the present embodiment is prepared is 1250MPa, and elongation percentage is 2%, 500 DEG C of tensions
Intensity is 780MPa；After 1100 DEG C of high annealing 1h, room temperature tensile intensity is 1180MPa, and elongation percentage is 4%.
Embodiment 3
Titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method is carried out according to the following steps：
First, by pure titanium powder and B4It is uniform that C powder ball milling mixes powder；
2nd, laser 3D printing, laser power is 490W, and sweep speed is 0.5m/min, vacuum print；Titanium can be achieved to close
The improvement of golden laser 3D printing.
The improvement phase of TiB whiskers and TiC particles (TiBw+TiCp) is formed in the titanium metal material that the present embodiment is prepared,
Design improvement phase TiBw+TiCp volume fraction is 5.0vol.%.
The titanium metal material room temperature tensile intensity that the present embodiment is prepared is 830MPa, and elongation percentage is 16%.
Embodiment 4
Titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method is carried out according to the following steps：
First, by Ti60 powder and TiB2It is uniform that powder and carbon dust ball milling mix powder；
2nd, laser 3D printing, laser power is 500W, and sweep speed is 0.6m/min, vacuum print；Titanium can be achieved to close
The improvement of golden laser 3D printing.
The improvement phase of TiB whiskers and TiC particles (TiBw+TiCp) is formed in the titanium metal material that the present embodiment is prepared,
Design improvement phase TiBw+TiCp volume fraction is 5vol.%.
The titanium metal material room temperature tensile intensity that the present embodiment is prepared is 1150MPa, and elongation percentage is 2.5%, and 700 DEG C resist
Tensile strength is 785MPa；By+650 DEG C of timeliness of 1050 DEG C of solid solutions, room temperature tensile intensity is 1360MPa, and elongation percentage is 4.5%.
Embodiment 5
Titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method is carried out according to the following steps：
First, it is TA15 powder and the mixed powder of SiC powder ball milling is uniform；
2nd, laser 3D printing, laser power is 480W, and sweep speed is 0.5m/min, vacuum print；Titanium can be achieved to close
The improvement of golden laser 3D printing.
TiCp+Ti is formed in the titanium metal material that the present embodiment is prepared5Si3Improvement phase, design improvement phase TiCp+
Ti5Si3Volume fraction be 10vol.%.
The titanium metal material room temperature tensile intensity that the present embodiment is prepared is 1140MPa, and elongation percentage is 1.5%, and 600 DEG C resist
Tensile strength is 840MPa；After 1050 DEG C of high annealing 1h, room temperature tensile intensity is 1280MPa, and elongation percentage is 3.7%.
Embodiment 6
Titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method is carried out according to the following steps：
First, it is TB8 powder and the mixed powder of carbon dust powder ball milling is uniform；
2nd, laser 3D printing, laser power is 500W, and sweep speed is 0.5m/min, vacuum print；Titanium can be achieved to close
The improvement of golden laser 3D printing.
TiCp improvement phase, design improvement phase TiCp volume fraction are formed in the titanium metal material that the present embodiment is prepared
For 4vol.%.
The titanium metal material room temperature tensile intensity that the present embodiment is prepared is 1250MPa, and elongation percentage is 1.8%；By 900
DEG C+500 DEG C of timeliness of solid solution, room temperature tensile intensity is 1560MPa, and elongation percentage is 3.0%.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method, it is characterised in that titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method presses following step
It is rapid to carry out：
First, it is titanium or titanium alloy powder and the mixed powder of improvement material powder ball milling is uniform；
2nd, laser 3D printing, laser power is 250 ~ 1000W, and sweep speed is 0.1 ~ 1.0m/min, under vacuum or protective atmosphere
Printing；The improvement of titanium alloy laser 3D printing can be achieved；
Wherein, improvement raw material is selected from B, TiB2、B4C, C and SiC；In step one after ball milling the particle diameter of titanium or titanium alloy powder for 30 ~
100 μm, improve material powder particle diameter be 0.5 ~ 8 μm.
2. a kind of titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that titanium is closed in step one
Gold is the serial titanium alloys of TA, the serial titanium alloys of TB or the serial titanium alloys of TC.
3. a kind of titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that used in step 2
Powder feeding formula or powdering formula laser 3D printing device.
4. a kind of titanium alloy laser 3D printing improved method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that protected in step 2
Atmosphere is high-purity argon gas.
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