CN104920011B - A kind of method of cadmium content in utilization Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis reduction soybean - Google Patents
A kind of method of cadmium content in utilization Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis reduction soybean Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/10—Mycorrhiza; Mycorrhizal associations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The steps such as the method that Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis (AM Fungi) reduce cadmium content in soybean, including soil selection, the culture of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis field, soybean planting, field management, the analysis of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis infection rate and cadmium content measure are utilized the present invention relates to one kind.Using method of the invention, it is possible to promote the accumulation of soybean biomass and significantly reduce Cd content, it can avoid putting into secondary pollution caused by various chemical substances into soil in traditional Cd restorative procedures, while saving cost.Therefore, the present invention has very important meaning and promotional value to soy food product safety and soybean planting management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological husbantry, more particularly to a kind of utilization Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis reduce the side of cadmium content in soybean
Method.
Background technology
Cadmium (Cd) is a kind of common environment and industrial poison, and half-life period is very long (being up to 10~35 years), in soil-plant
Migrate more active in thing system.With the development of industrial and agricultural production, cadmium content rises year by year in environment.According to statistics, exist every year
The cadmium total amount for entering soil in world wide is 2.2 ten thousand t.
Harm of the Cd to plant is main to be included suppressing the sprouting of seed, causes the damage of plant roots, hinders the photosynthetic of blade
Effect, upset cell metabolism, or even programmed death etc..The research such as Ditoppil shows that the activity of Cd stress inhibitory enzyme causes
Plant root is damaged, damage root-tip cells kernel is mainly shown as, inhibitory RNA enzymatic activity changes RNA synthesis；Suppression
Nitrate reductase activity processed, reduces absorption of the root to nitrate and the transhipment to overground part etc..Cadmium can disturb Fe to be metabolized, drop
Fe validity in low plant, disturbs the activity about chlorophyll synthase, Chlorophyll synthesis is obstructed.Cadmium is made by antagonism
Absorption, migration with interference paddy rice to elements such as Mn, Zn, Mg, block nutrient to be conveyed to leaf portion, reduce the synthesis of chlorophyll
Ability.Plant is by after cadmium poisoning, and obstacle, or abnormal division occurs in cell division, extends CDC, chromosome
Fracture, distortion, adhesion and liquefaction, so that cause paddy growth to be stagnated or teratogenesis, the plant interior accumulation mistake under Cd stress
The H of amount2O2, cause the resistance mechanism of plant heavy metal no longer to work, plant performance goes out poisoning symptom or death.
People mainly absorbs cadmium content in cadmiums, normal human by food, smoking, 3 approach of atmosphere pollution and only has 30~
40mg, wherein 33% in kidney, 14% in liver, and 2% in intrapulmonary, and 0.13% in pancreas, when the concentration of cadmium surpasses in each organ
When crossing the limit, will occur cadmium poisoning.The Excess free enthalpy of cadmium can then suppress growth in humans, influence amino acid decarboxylases, group ammonia
The vigor of the enzyme systems such as sour enzyme, amylase, catalase, disturbs the metabolism of the trace element such as Cu, Co, Zn, causes a series of
Disease.
At present, by numerous studies, the method for cadmium content, is broadly divided into physics side in existing many reduction crops and soil
Method, chemical method, biological method etc..Physical method is used for roadbed including deep ploughing, striking off table soil, burns till brick and tile etc..Chemical method
Suppress the purpose of plant absorption including that can be reached to liming, siliceous fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate, organic fertilizer etc. on cadmium pollution soil.
Biological method refers to changes chemical form of the heavy metal in soil by biological agent, heavy metal is fixed or is detoxified, reduces it
Mobility and bioavailability in soil environment.Have directly to cadmium pollution using more microorganism remediation technology at present
Soil access external source pollutes the throwing bacterium method of degradation bacteria, the biological culture method of the material of microorganism needs is periodically added to soil and strong
Compel the bioventing process of edaphon oxidation.
Promote plant more thorough to the study mechanism of the absorption of soil phophorus currently with mycorrhizal fungi (AM Fungi),
Effect is the most obvious.Arbuscular mycorrhiza suppresses mechanism of absorption research of the plant to other heavy metals such as Cd and also carried out, and summarizes
Come, the mechanism of action that mycorhiza absorbs heavy metal can be divided into direct effect and the indirectly-acting of mycorhiza.Directly act on：The external bacterium of mycorhiza
Silk enters mycorhiza to excessive heavy metal mechanical barrier action, this on exotrophic mycorrhiza to act on clearly.Colpaert and
VanAssche researchs find that compared with the control not being inoculated with, Zn content is significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants root system, shows that mycorhiza is true
Bacterium can block zinc in root.Dueck etc. thinks that mycorhiza alleviates zinc and poisons the suction-operated that may be by antifungal surface, or
It is that external hyphae produces the combination of polysaccharide secretory substance and reduces its toxicity.Indirectly-acting：By changing host plant root
It is the murder by poisoning that heavy metal on plants is alleviated or exempted to the indirectly-actings such as physiology, morphology and rhizospheric environment.The shape of such as mycorhiza
Into the composition for changing rhizosphere microorganism group, or change Root morphology, infecting for VA Mycorrhizal Fungi can also make the root of host plant
It is that biomass, root length etc. change, so as to influence the absorption and transfer of heavy metal.Also change host plant nutrient situation,
Because the effect of biological dilution effect makes the reduction of mycorrhizal plants in-vivo heavy metal content, so as to mitigate heavy metal toxicity.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the method for cadmium content in a kind of utilization Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis reduction soybean, by big
The rotation cropping of beans and other crops and phosphate fertilizer change infection rate of the Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis to soybean root, so as to reduce big
The absorption of beans plant pair cadmium, and finally reduce the content of cadmium in soybean kernel.
The present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that to achieve the above object：
The method of cadmium content, comprises the following steps in a kind of utilization Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis reduction soybean：
1.1st, soil is selected, the light middle quality of suitable soybean growth, well-drained field soil is selected；
1.2nd, Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis field is cultivated, the stubble mycorhiza crop before step 1.1 selection grown on soil；And by adjusting
Phosphorus fertilizer usage is saved to control the quantity of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis；
1.3rd, soybean planting and field management, the grown on soil soybean of preceding stubble mycorhiza crop was planted in step 1.2 kind, and
Conventional field management is carried out in soybean growth period；
1.4th, the measure of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis infection rate, adopts soybean root system for 7-8 weeks in soybean growth and determines infection rate；
1.5th, the measure of Cd contents, soybean kernel is taken in the soybean harvest phase at random, is cleaned to dry and grind to disappear and is boiled, then
The content of cadmium in soybean overground part plant is determined with ICP-MS.
Described Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis are Endogone, can form the fungi of syntaxial system with higher plant root system.
The field culture of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis described in step 1.2, refers to the previous year in sowing soybean, is planted in soil
Mycorhiza crop, i.e., can form the non-crop in cruciferae of symbiosis, and utilize solubility in soil with Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis
Phosphorus content and the negative correlativing relation of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungi quantity, clump is controlled by not applying phosphate fertilizer, Shaoshi with measures such as phosphate fertilizer
The quantity of dendritic VA Mycorrhizal Fungi.
The non-crop in cruciferae includes corn, wheat or sunflower.
Soybean planting described in step 1.3 and field management, when referring to soybean planting, control spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 60cm；Apply
When fertile, in addition to phosphate fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and K Amounts are respectively 20kg N/ha and 80kg K2O/ha and in soybean planting 50 days, 80
Wide-spectrum bactericide and insecticide are sprayed after it respectively.
The assay method of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi infection rate is described in step 1.4, and soybean root is taken after 7-8 weeks in soybean planting, leads to
Trypan blue staining (Typan Blue) and amplification interior extrapolation method is crossed to calculate the infection rate of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis.
The specific practice of step 1.5 is, in the soybean harvest phase, takes soybean kernel, is rushed respectively with running water, deionized water
Wash each 3 times, the experiment Indoor Natural then at dried and clean dries, and is crushed afterwards, and instrument is cleared up in graphite with chromatographic grade nitric acid
Upper 110 DEG C are cleared up into colorless and transparent liquid, then the content after dilution with cadmium in ICP-MS measure soybean.
The present invention has advantages below：
1st, the present invention controls Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis to soybean using preceding stubble mycorhiza crop-planting and regulation Phosphorus fertilizer usage
The infection rate of root system, so as to lower the content of cadmium in soybean.
2nd, the present invention does not put into other chemicals, nothing using the interaction of soil-microorganism-plant into soil
Secondary pollution, it is adaptable to the soil environment of any suitable soybean growth, puts into practice therefore, it is possible to more efficiently Instructing manufacture.
2nd, operating cost of the present invention is low, and the content of cadmium in soybean prod is reduced using traditional agriculture field management method, right
Ensureing the quality safety of soybean prod has very important meaning.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is in testing site A, influence of the phosphate fertilizer to Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungi infection rates.Abscissa represents applying for phosphate fertilizer
Consumption, respectively 0,50,100,150 and 200kg P2O5/ha；Ordinate represents that Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis infect to soybean root system
Rate.Empty circles represent that preceding crop is non-mycorhiza crop buckwheat, and solid circles represent that preceding crop is mycorhiza crop plants corn.
Fig. 2 is in testing site B, influence of the phosphate fertilizer to Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungi infection rates.Transverse and longitudinal coordinate and icon and Fig. 1
Unanimously.
Fig. 3 represents the dependency relation of testing site A clumps of dendritic VA Mycorrhizal Fungi infection rate and cadmium content in soybean, and abscissa represents clump
Dendritic VA Mycorrhizal Fungi is to the infection rate of soybean root system, and ordinate is that * * * represent p in the content of cadmium in soybean, formula<0.0001.
Fig. 4 represents the dependency relation of testing site B clumps of dendritic VA Mycorrhizal Fungi infection rate and cadmium content in soybean, transverse and longitudinal coordinate and figure
Mark is consistent with Fig. 3, and * * represent p in formula<0.001.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following realities
Apply example.
Embodiment one
The light middle quality of suitable soybean growth, well-drained field experiment point A soil is selected to set mycorhiza to infect split plot
Experiment.Stubble mycorhiza crop plants corn and non-mycorhiza crop buckwheat are as primary area before respectively, with the and of phosphorus application amount 0,50,100,150
200kg P2O5/ ha is repeated four times, and control Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis to soybean root system with this experimental design as experiment split plot
Infection rate.
Soybean is planted after above-mentioned processing, in the cell and conventional field management is carried out in soybean growth period in experimental plot；
Soybean root is taken after 7-8 weeks in soybean planting, is calculated by trypan blue staining (Typan Blue) and amplification interior extrapolation method
The infection rate of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis.In the soybean harvest phase, take soybean kernel clean dry after crushed, cleared up, be used in combination
ICP-MS determines the content of cadmium in soybean.
As a result as shown in figure 1, abscissa represents the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer, respectively 0,50,100,150 and 200kg P2O5/
ha；Ordinate represents infection rate of the Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis to soybean root system.Empty circles represent that preceding crop is non-mycorhiza crop
Buckwheat, solid circles represent that preceding crop is mycorhiza crop plants corn.When preceding crop is mycorhiza crop, soybean root system clump is dendritic
The infection rate of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi is significantly higher than 0.5-0.8 times of non-mycorhiza crop.And with increasing for administration phosphate fertilizer amount, Cong Zhizhuan bacterium
The infection rate of root fungus is on a declining curve.And found according to the dependency relation of cadmium content in Fig. 3 infection rates and soybean, cadmium contains in soybean
Amount is reduced along with the raising of infection rate, reaches extremely significantly correlated relation, p<0.001.Therefore Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis are utilized
Soybean root system, which is infected, can reduce the content of cadmium in soybean.
Embodiment two
The light middle quality of suitable soybean growth, well-drained field experiment point B soil is selected to set mycorhiza to infect split plot
Experiment.Stubble mycorhiza crop plants corn and non-mycorhiza crop buckwheat are as primary area before respectively, with the and of phosphorus application amount 0,50,100,150
200kg P2O5/ ha is repeated four times, and control Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis to invade soybean with this experimental design as experiment split plot
Dye rate.
Soybean is planted after above-mentioned processing, in the cell and conventional field management is carried out in soybean growth period in experimental plot；
Soybean root is taken after 7-8 weeks in soybean planting, is calculated by trypan blue staining (Typan Blue) and amplification interior extrapolation method
The infection rate of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis.In the soybean harvest phase, take soybean kernel clean dry after crushed, cleared up, be used in combination
ICP-MS determines the content of cadmium in soybean.
As a result as shown in Fig. 2 abscissa represents the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer, respectively 0,50,100,150 and 200kg P2O5/
ha；Ordinate represents infection rate of the Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis to soybean root system.Empty circles represent that preceding crop is non-mycorhiza crop
Buckwheat, solid circles represent that preceding crop is mycorhiza crop plants corn.When preceding crop is mycorhiza crop, soybean root system clump is dendritic
The infection rate of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi is significantly higher than 0.8-1 times of non-mycorhiza crop.And with increasing for administration phosphate fertilizer amount, Cong Zhizhuan mycorhiza
The infection rate of bacterium is on a declining curve.And found according to the dependency relation of cadmium content in Fig. 4 infection rates and soybean, cadmium content in soybean
Reduced along with the raising of infection rate, reach extremely significantly correlated relation, p<0.001.This example, which is demonstrated again that, to be utilized from branch
Shape VA Mycorrhizal Fungi can reduce the content of cadmium in soybean, can plant mycorhiza crop using preceding stubble in soybean farming and adjust phosphate fertilizer
Amount of application reduce cadmium content in soybean, so as to ensure the safety of soy food product.
Claims (4)
1. one kind utilizes Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis（AM Fungi）Reduce soybean in cadmium content method, it is characterised in that including with
Lower step：
1.1st, soil is selected, the light middle quality of suitable soybean growth, well-drained field soil is selected；
1.2nd, Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis field is cultivated, the stubble mycorhiza crop before step 1.1 selection grown on soil；And by adjusting phosphorus
Fertile amount of application controls the quantity of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis；
1.3rd, soybean planting and field management, the grown on soil soybean of preceding stubble mycorhiza crop was planted in step 1.2 kind, and big
Beans growth period carries out conventional field management；
1.4th, the measure of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis infection rate, adopts soybean root system for 7-8 weeks in soybean growth and determines infection rate；
1.5th, the measure of Cd contents, soybean kernel is taken in the soybean harvest phase at random, is cleaned to dry and grind to disappear and is boiled, Ran Houyong
ICP-MS determines the content of cadmium in soybean overground part plant；
The field culture of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis described in step 1.2, refers to the previous year in sowing soybean, stubble before being planted in soil
Mycorhiza crop, i.e., can form the non-crop in cruciferae of symbiosis, and utilize solubility in soil with Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis
Phosphorus content and the negative correlativing relation of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungi quantity, Cong Zhizhuan bacterium are controlled with phosphate fertilizer by not applying phosphate fertilizer, Shaoshi
The quantity of root fungus；
Soybean planting described in step 1.3 and field management, when referring to soybean planting, control spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 60cm；Fertilising
When, in addition to phosphate fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and K Amounts are respectively 20kg N/ha and 80kg K2O/ha, and in soybean planting 50 days, 80
Wide-spectrum bactericide and insecticide are sprayed after it respectively；
Described Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis are Endogone.
2. Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis are utilized as claimed in claim 1（AM Fungi）The method for reducing cadmium content in soybean, it is special
Levy and be：The non-crop in cruciferae includes corn, wheat or sunflower.
3. Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis are utilized as claimed in claim 1（AM Fungi）The method for reducing cadmium content in soybean, it is special
Levy and be：The assay method of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungi infection rates described in step 1.4 is, soybean is taken after 7-8 weeks in soybean planting
Root, the infection rate of Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis is calculated by trypan blue staining and amplification interior extrapolation method.
4. Cong Zhizhuan VA Mycorrhizal Fungis are utilized as claimed in claim 1（AM Fungi）The method for reducing cadmium content in soybean, it is special
Levy and be：The specific practice of step 1.5 is, in the soybean harvest phase, takes soybean kernel, is rushed respectively with running water, deionized water
Wash each 3 times, the experiment Indoor Natural then at dried and clean dries, and is crushed afterwards, and instrument is cleared up in graphite with chromatographic grade nitric acid
Upper 110 DEG C are cleared up into colorless and transparent liquid, then the content after dilution with cadmium in ICP-MS measure soybean.
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| CN105580688B (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2019-05-28 | 华南师范大学 | A method of honeysuckle Cd accumulation is reduced using Glomus mosseae and improves its yield |
| CN109418120A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-03-05 | 中国中医科学院中药研究所 | A kind of fertilising of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Mycorrhizal cultivation and pesticide application technology |
| CN110024650A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-19 | 上海交通大学 | The method of Phosphorus fertilizer usage is reduced in a kind of soybean culture |
| CN111543275B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-07-26 | 神华准格尔能源有限责任公司 | Sunflower and soybean intercropping method suitable for strip mine refuse dump |
| CN113207567A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-06 | 上海交通大学 | Method for symbiotic growth and mildew activity determination of rhizosporangium in cyperus esculentus and plant roots |
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