CN104918394A - Ballast, and arc protection apparatus and method - Google Patents
Ballast, and arc protection apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104918394A CN104918394A CN201410087837.4A CN201410087837A CN104918394A CN 104918394 A CN104918394 A CN 104918394A CN 201410087837 A CN201410087837 A CN 201410087837A CN 104918394 A CN104918394 A CN 104918394A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ballast. The ballast comprises an inverter, a resonance circuit, an arc detection circuit and a control circuit. The inverter is used for converting DC voltage into AC voltage. The resonance circuit comprises a resonance inductor connected in series with a lamp load and is used for providing igniting voltage in response to the AC voltage to the lamp load so as to light the lamp load. The arc detection circuit is connected in parallel with the lamp load. The arc detection circuit is used for monitoring electric signals in the resonance circuit, and when the electric signals reach preset conditions, generating trigger signals so as to indicate that arcs already occur in the electric signals. The control circuit is used for controlling the inverter to stop generating the AC voltage in response to the trigger signals, or controlling the inverter to generate AC current with an increased time rate of change in response to the trigger signals, wherein the AC current with the increased time rate of change flows through the resonance conductor. The invention also provides an arc protection apparatus and method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ballast, particularly a kind of ballast, arc protection device and method.
Background technology
Ballast provides the lamp load of ignition voltage to comprising one or more gaseous discharge lamp (such as fluorescent lamp), to light this lamp load.The ignition voltage provided by preheating start-up type ballast is usually in hundreds of volt (such as 500 volts peak), and the ignition voltage provided by instantaneous starting type ballast can close to 800 volts peak.Due to these high ignition voltages, ballast suffers the fault condition being commonly called the specific type exporting electric arc.
Export electric arc may occur in many different ways.Such as, in fluorescent lighting fixture, common practice changes out of order lamp when applying AC power to ballast, and this way is called as " charged " and changes lamp.Change in lamp process charged, be removed due to lamp or insert, so may momentary arc be formed between lamp socket contact chip and lamp pin.As another example, due to the bad or connection of losing efficacy in supply line or lamp socket, or irrelevantly lamp may be installed, make to there is little gap between lamp socket contact chip and lamp pin, then may occur sustained arc (relative with momentary arc).If impair the connection with lamp due to defective lamp socket or defective supply line, then the air gap that may cause across these out of order connections and produce the electric arc of high strength, high-temperature.
Above-mentioned momentary arc or sustained arc are considered to cause the aging electronic devices and components with damaging ballast inside of the contact chip of lamp socket usually.Sustained arc is out of favour especially, because it tends to produce potential damaging heating.In order to minimize any ill effect that electric arc causes, promptly eliminate electric arc most important.This needs a kind ofly to detect electric arc fast and reliably and take appropriate measures promptly to eliminate the ballast of electric arc subsequently.
Summary of the invention
Present conclusion one or more aspect of the present invention is so that basic comprehension of the present invention, and wherein this conclusion is not extensive overview of the present invention, and also not intended to be identifies some key element of the present invention, and also also not intended to be marks its scope.On the contrary, the main purpose of this conclusion presented concepts more of the present invention with reduced form before hereafter presenting more detailed description.
One aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of ballast, and it comprises inverter, resonant circuit, arc detection circuit and control circuit.Inverter is used for direct voltage to be converted to alternating voltage.Resonant circuit comprises the resonant inductance be connected in series with lamp load, and resonant circuit provides ignition voltage to lamp load to light this lamp load for responding this alternating voltage.Arc detection circuit and this lamp load are connected in parallel.Arc detection circuit is for monitoring the signal of telecommunication in this resonant circuit, and wherein when this signal of telecommunication reaches predetermined condition, arc detection circuit produces triggering signal and occurs electric arc to indicate in this signal of telecommunication.Control circuit stops producing this alternating voltage for responding this triggering signal control inverter.Or the alternating current that control circuit increases for responding this triggering signal control inverter generation time rate of change, the alternating current that this time rate of change increases flows through this resonant inductance.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of arc protection device, and arc protection device comprises arc detection circuit and control circuit.Arc detection circuit and lamp load are connected in parallel, and arc detection circuit is for monitoring the signal of telecommunication of this lamp load, and wherein when this signal of telecommunication reaches predetermined condition, this arc detection circuit produces triggering signal and occurs electric arc to indicate in this signal of telecommunication.Control circuit stops producing alternating voltage for responding this triggering signal inverter controlled for powering to this lamp load.Or the alternating current that this control circuit increases for responding this triggering signal control inverter generation time rate of change, the alternating current that this time rate of change increases flows through the resonant inductance be connected in series with lamp load.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of arc protection method, and the method comprises:
Inverter is utilized to provide an alternating voltage to lamp load to start this lamp load;
Arc detection circuit and lamp load is provided to be connected in parallel, and for monitoring the signal of telecommunication of this lamp load;
Judge whether this signal of telecommunication reaches predetermined condition;
When this signal of telecommunication reaches predetermined condition, this arc detection circuit generation triggering signal is set and occurs electric arc to indicate in this signal of telecommunication;
Respond this triggering signal and control this alternating voltage of this inverter stopping generation; Or respond the alternating current that this triggering signal control inverter generation time rate of change increases, the alternating current that this time rate of change increases flows through the resonant inductance be connected in series with lamp load.
Above-mentioned ballast, arc protection device and method, due to when lamp load generation arc phenomenon, inverter stops providing alternating voltage to lamp load, therefore effectively eliminates the harm of electric arc; Or the alternating current that inverter generation time rate of change increases, the alternating current that this time rate of change increases flows through the resonant inductance be connected in series with lamp load, the both end voltage of resonant inductance is increased, and then the both end voltage of lamp load is reduced, therefore also effectively eliminate the harm of electric arc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Be described for embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings, the present invention may be better understood, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a kind of functional block diagram of ballast of execution mode.
Fig. 2 is a kind of circuit diagram of ballast of execution mode.
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of the ballast of another kind of execution mode.
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of the ballast of another execution mode.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of the ballast of another execution mode.
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of the ballast of another execution mode.
Fig. 7 is a kind of flow chart of arc protection method of execution mode.
Embodiment
Below will describe the specific embodiment of the present invention, and it is pointed out that in the specific descriptions process of these execution modes, in order to carry out brief and concise description, this specification can not all do detailed description to all features of the execution mode of reality.Should be understandable that; in the actual implementation process of any one execution mode; as in the process of any one engineering project or design object; in order to realize the objectives of developer; in order to meet that system is correlated with or that business is relevant restriction; usually can make various concrete decision-making, and this also can change to another kind of execution mode from a kind of execution mode.In addition, it will also be appreciated that, although effort done in this development process may be complicated and tediously long, but for those of ordinary skill in the art relevant to content disclosed by the invention, some designs that the basis of the technology contents of disclosure exposure is carried out, manufacture or production etc. changes just conventional technological means, not should be understood to content of the present disclosure insufficient.
Unless otherwise defined, the technical term used in claims and specification or scientific terminology should be in the technical field of the invention the ordinary meaning that the personage with general technical ability understands." first ", " second " that use in patent application specification of the present invention and claims and similar word do not represent any order, quantity or importance, and are only used to distinguish different parts.The similar word such as " one " or " one " does not represent restricted number, but represents to there is at least one." comprise " or the similar word such as " comprising " mean to appear at " comprising " or " comprising " before element or object contain the element or object and equivalent element thereof that appear at " comprising " or " comprising " presented hereinafter, do not get rid of other elements or object." connection " or " being connected " etc. similar word be not defined in physics or the connection of machinery, no matter but can comprise electric connection, be direct or indirectly.
Refer to Fig. 1, it is a kind of functional block diagram of ballast 100 of execution mode.Ballast 100 is for powering to lamp load 90, and lamp load 90 comprises one or more gaseous discharge lamp, such as fluorescent lamp etc.Ballast 100 comprises inverter 10, resonant circuit 12, arc detection circuit 14 and control circuit 16.The ballast 100 with arc detection circuit 14 and control circuit 16 can be used for providing arc protection for the lamp load 90 of the ballast operation utilizing instantaneous starting, pipeline start up by preheating or other types.In the present embodiment, arc detection circuit 14 and the common arcing protective device of control circuit 16.
Inverter 10 is for being converted to alternating voltage by direct voltage.
Resonant circuit 12 and inverter 10 and lamp load 90 electrical couplings.The alternating voltage that resonant circuit 12 produces for receiving inverter 10, lamp load 90 startup stage provide ignition voltage to start lamp load 90 to lamp load 90, and normal work stage after the start up period provides normal working voltage to lamp load 90.As an example, the ignition voltage for instantaneous starting type rectifier can more than 800 volts.As another one example, the ignition voltage for preheating start-up type rectifier can be 500 volts.
Arc detection circuit 14 is for monitoring the signal of telecommunication in resonant circuit 12, and wherein when above-said current signal reaches predetermined condition, arc detection circuit 14 produces triggering signal and occurs electric arc to indicate in above-said current signal.In one embodiment, above-said current signal reaches predetermined condition and refers to that the time rate of change of the signal of telecommunication is greater than predetermined variation rate.In a kind of concrete execution mode, the time rate of change of above-said current signal refers to the time rate of change of electric current.In another execution mode, above-said current signal reaches predetermined condition and refers to that this signal of telecommunication is in the first state and this first state continuance predetermined amount of time, and this first state refers to that the amplitude of this signal of telecommunication exceedes predetermined threshold.In one embodiment, this predetermined amount of time can be 1 second or 2 seconds etc.
In one embodiment, control circuit 16 stops producing this alternating voltage for responding triggering signal control inverter 10.Owing to can not receive above-mentioned alternating voltage with the resonant circuit 12 of inverter 10 electrical couplings, therefore the both end voltage of lamp load 90 will be zero, and lamp load 90 can not produce electric arc, also namely effectively eliminates the harm of electric arc.
In another execution mode, the alternating current that control circuit 16 increases for responding triggering signal control inverter 10 generation time rate of change.Particularly, resonant circuit 12 comprises the resonant inductance be connected in series with lamp load 90, and the alternating current that this time rate of change increases flows through this resonant inductance, makes the both end voltage of this resonant inductance increase (remarks: the voltage at inductance two ends
wherein i is the electric current flowing through inductance), and then the both end voltage of lamp load 90 is reduced.Because the both end voltage of lamp load 90 reduces, therefore also effectively eliminate the harm of electric arc.
Refer to Fig. 2, it is a kind of circuit diagram of rectifier 200 of execution mode.The circuit diagram of rectifier 200 shown in Fig. 2 can be applicable in rectifier 100 shown in Fig. 1.
Inverter 10 comprises the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2, first conducting end of the first electronic switch Q1 is for receiving direct voltage Vcc, second conducting end of the first electronic switch Q1 and the first conducting end electrical couplings of the second electronic switch Q2, the second conducting end ground connection of the second electronic switch Q2.
In one embodiment, first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 is N NMOS N-channel MOS N field effect transistor (metal oxide semiconductor filed effect transistor, MOSFET), accordingly, the control end of the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 is grid, first conducting end of the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 is drain electrode, and second conducting end of the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 is source electrode.In one embodiment, the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 is the electronic switch of the other types such as insulated gate bipolar transistor (insulated gate bipolar transistor, IGBT).
Be understandable that, in other execution mode, inverter 10 can adopt the switch topology of other types, such as full-bridge or recommend.
Resonant circuit 12 comprises resonant inductance Lr and resonant capacitance Cr.The first end of lamp load 90 is by the first end of resonant inductance Lr and the second conducting end electrical couplings of the first electronic switch Q1, the second end of lamp load 90 and the second conducting end electrical couplings of the second electronic switch Q2.
Arc detection circuit 14 comprises sensing transformer T1, rectifier diode D1, Zener diode D2 and resistance R1.Sensing transformer T1 comprises primary coil L1 and secondary coil L2, and the first end of primary coil L1 is by resonant capacitance Cr ground connection, and second end of primary coil L1 passes through the second conducting end electrical couplings of resonant inductance Lr and the first electronic switch Q1.
Secondary coil L2 and primary coil L1 magnetic couplings; The first end of secondary coil L2 and the anode electrical couplings of rectifier diode D1, the negative electrode of rectifier diode D1 and the negative electrode electrical couplings of Zener diode D2, the anode of Zener diode D2 is by resistance R1 ground connection, the second end ground connection of secondary coil L2, the anode of Zener diode D2 also with control circuit 16 electrical couplings.
Control circuit 16 comprises controller 160, and controller 160 has Enable Pin 162, first output 164 and the second output 166.The anode electrical couplings of Enable Pin 162 and Zener diode D2.The control end electrical couplings of the first output 164 and the first electronic switch Q1, the control end electrical couplings of the second output 166 and the second electronic switch Q2.
The operation principle of following introduction ballast 200:
When lamp load 90 does not produce electric arc, the Enable Pin 162 of controller 160 can not receive triggering signal, therefore the Enable Pin 162 of controller 160 is in low level state, first output 164 of controller 160 exports the first driving voltage, and the second output 166 of controller 160 exports the second driving voltage; This first driving voltage is for controlling the first electronic switch Q1 periodically conducting or shutoff, and this second driving voltage is for controlling the second electronic switch Q2 periodically conducting or shutoff.In the present embodiment, when the first electronic switch Q1 conducting, the second electronic switch Q2 is off state.Therefore, this alternating voltage by converting direct-current voltage into alternating-current voltage, and is supplied to resonant circuit 12 by inverter 10.
Lamp load 90 startup stage, controller 160 is programmed to the natural resonance dot frequency f0 that the frequency of alternating voltage that control inverter 10 produces equals the series resonant circuit be made up of resonant inductance Lr and resonant capacitance Cr, wherein,
(remarks: because the inductance value of the primary coil L1 of sensing transformer T1 is much smaller than the inductance value of resonant inductance Lr, therefore calculate the inductance value that natural resonance dot frequency f0 can not consider primary coil L1); During owing to being in natural resonance dot frequency f0, the impedance of the series resonant circuit be made up of resonant inductance Lr and resonant capacitance Cr is minimum, therefore resonant circuit 12 provide amplitude higher ignition voltage to light lamp load 90.In one embodiment, lamp load 90 startup stage be corresponding with instantaneous starting type rectifier startup stage, the ignition voltage that instantaneous starting type rectifier provides is generally 800 volts.In another embodiment, lamp load 90 startup stage be corresponding with preheating start-up type rectifier or other types rectifier startup stage, the ignition voltage that preheating start-up type rectifier provides is generally 500 volts.
Normal work stage after the start up period, controller 160 is programmed to the frequency of the alternating voltage that control inverter 10 produces lower than natural resonance dot frequency f0, therefore resonant circuit 12 provides normal working voltage to lamp load 90, and this normal working voltage is less than ignition voltage; Lamp load 90 is made to enter stabilized illumination state.
When lamp load 90 due to the defect of lamp socket or the defect of circuit or the reason such as installation causes loose contact and produces electric arc irrelevantly time, be desultory by the electric current of lamp load 90; The time rate of change of the electric current flowing through primary coil L1 can be caused to increase, and then cause the voltage at primary coil L1 two ends to increase.Accordingly, the voltage at secondary coil L2 two ends also can increase, the both end voltage of the secondary coil L2 of above-mentioned increase is after rectifier diode D1 rectification, punctured by Zener diode D2, therefore arc detection circuit 14 can produce triggering signal and this triggering signal is sent to the Enable Pin 162 of controller 160.In the present embodiment, the predetermined variation rate described in Fig. 1 refers to when the voltage at secondary coil L2 two ends reaches the puncture voltage of Zener diode D2, flows through the time rate of change of the electric current of primary coil L1.
Controller 160 respond this triggering signal control the first output 164 stop output first driving voltage and control the second output 166 stop output second driving voltage.Therefore inverter 10 stops output AC voltage to resonant circuit 12.Therefore the both end voltage of lamp load 90 is zero, efficiently avoid the generation of electric arc.
In operation, control circuit 16 the startup stage electric arc of lamp load 90 whether exist all enable inverter 10 and allow inverter 10 attempt start lamp load 90.Therefore, startup stage in arc protection be effectively inhibited, why wish startup stage forbid arc protection be because lamp load 90 startup stage be generally attended by the electrical interference cannot distinguished with real arcing condition.To achieve these goals, control circuit 16 also comprises filter capacitor C11 further.The first end of filter capacitor C11 and Enable Pin 162 electrical couplings of controller 160, the second end ground connection of filter capacitor C11; Because filter capacitor C11 can the electrical interference that cannot distinguish of above-mentioned with the real arcing condition of filtering, therefore startup stage in arc protection be effectively inhibited.In one embodiment, startup stage be selected as about 1 second, this usually provides and allows to light and the grace time of stable lamp, even if under the condition relating to aging lamp or low ambient temperature.
Refer to Fig. 3, it is the circuit diagram of the ballast 300 of another kind of execution mode.Ballast 300 shown in Fig. 3 is from the difference of ballast 200 shown in Fig. 2: shown in 14A and the Fig. 2 of arc detection circuit shown in Fig. 3, arc detection circuit 14 is different, and the 16A of control circuit shown in Fig. 3 does not comprise the filter capacitor C11 in control circuit 16 shown in Fig. 2.
Arc detection circuit 14A comprises linear optical coupling Q3, Zener diode D11, the first resistance R1, the second resistance R2 and filter capacitor C11.Linear optical coupling Q3 comprises the first light-emitting diode D1, the second light-emitting diode D2 and phototriode Q11.The anode of the first light-emitting diode D1 is by resonant capacitance Cr ground connection, and the negative electrode of the first light-emitting diode D1 is by resonant inductance Lr and inverter 10 electrical couplings.The negative electrode of the second light-emitting diode D2 and the anode electrical couplings of the first light-emitting diode D1, the anode of the second light-emitting diode D2 and the negative electrode electrical couplings of the first light-emitting diode D1.The collector electrode of phototriode Q11 and the negative electrode electrical couplings of Zener diode D11, the grounded emitter of phototriode Q11.The anode of Zener diode D11 is by the first resistance R1 ground connection, and the anode of Zener diode D11 is also by the second resistance R2 and control circuit 16A electrical couplings.The first end of filter capacitor C11 is electrically coupled between the second resistance R2 and control circuit 16A, the second end ground connection of filter capacitor C11.
The operation principle of following introduction arc detection circuit 14A.When lamp load 90 does not produce electric arc, there is following relational expression: I is total=I1+I2, wherein I is always for flowing through the electric current of resonant inductance Lr, and I1 is the electric current flowing through light-emitting diode D2, and I2 is the electric current flowing through lamp load 90.Now the collector voltage of phototriode Q11 is not enough to puncture Zener diode D11, and therefore arc detection circuit 14A does not produce the triggering signal of instruction conditions at the arc.In one embodiment, this triggering signal is voltage signal.
When lamp load 90 due to the defect of lamp socket or the defect of circuit or the reason such as installation causes loose contact and produces electric arc irrelevantly time, no matter be that momentary arc or sustained arc all can cause I2=0, therefore I1=I is total, also the electric current I 1 namely flowing through light-emitting diode D2 can increase, the collector voltage of phototriode Q11 is caused to increase, therefore Zener diode D11 is breakdown, and arc detection circuit 14A produces the triggering signal of instruction conditions at the arc.
The object why arranging the second resistance R2 and filter capacitor C11 is: (1) lamp load 90 startup stage can there is the above-mentioned ignition voltage cannot distinguished with conditions at the arc, therefore this ignition voltage can cause the collector voltage of phototriode Q11 to be enough to puncture Zener diode D11, and then causes arc detection circuit 14A to produce the triggering signal of instruction conditions at the arc mistakenly.But, this ignition voltage due to the duration shorter, and filtered electric capacity C11 has filtered away, and therefore efficiently avoid the possibility that arc detection circuit 14A produces the triggering signal of instruction conditions at the arc mistakenly.
(2) in operation, control circuit 16 the startup stage electric arc of lamp load 90 whether exist all enable inverter 10 and allow inverter 10 attempt start lamp load 90.Therefore, startup stage in arc protection be effectively inhibited, why wish startup stage forbid arc protection be because lamp load 90 startup stage be generally attended by the electrical interference cannot distinguished with real arcing condition.To achieve these goals, the filter capacitor C11 included by arc detection circuit 14A can the electrical interference that cannot distinguish of above-mentioned with the real arcing condition of filtering, therefore startup stage in arc protection be effectively inhibited.
(3) in one case, the harmfulness of the above-mentioned momentary arc that duration section is shorter is not very large, and the filter capacitor C11 therefore included by arc detection circuit 14A can produce the triggering signal indicating momentary arc state by filtering arc detection circuit 14A.
In one embodiment, mention in Fig. 1 " when the signal of telecommunication be in the first state and the first state continuance predetermined amount of time time; arc detection circuit 14 produces triggering signal and occurs electric arc to indicate in this signal of telecommunication; wherein; the first state refers to that the amplitude of the signal of telecommunication exceedes predetermined threshold " in predetermined amount of time be made up of the second resistance R2 and filter capacitor C11 delay circuit setting, predetermined threshold is corresponding with the collector voltage of phototriode Q11, wherein, the collector voltage of phototriode Q11 is enough to puncture Zener diode D11.
Shown in 16A and the Fig. 2 of control circuit shown in Fig. 3, the operation principle of control circuit 16 is similar, no longer describes at this.
Refer to Fig. 4, it is the circuit diagram of the ballast 400 of another execution mode.Ballast 400 shown in Fig. 4 is from the difference of ballast 200 shown in Fig. 2: shown in 16B and the Fig. 2 of control circuit shown in Fig. 4, control circuit 16 is different.
Control circuit 16B comprises controller 160, controls electronic switch Q11, the first regulating resistance R21 and the second regulating resistance R22, and controller 160 has frequency adjustment end 165, for exporting the first output 164 of the first driving voltage and the second output 166 for exporting the second driving voltage.
Frequency adjustment end 165 is by the first regulating resistance R21 and the second regulating resistance R22 ground connection, control control end and arc detection circuit 14 electrical couplings of electronic switch Q11, control the first conducting end ground connection of electronic switch Q11, the second conducting end controlling electronic switch Q11 is connected between the first regulating resistance R21 and the second regulating resistance R22.
When the control end controlling electronic switch Q11 receives the triggering signal of the instruction conditions at the arc that arc detection circuit 14 produces, control electronic switch Q11 and respond triggering signal conducting, make frequency adjustment end 165 by the first regulating resistance R21 ground connection, and then the alternating current that controller 160 control inverter 10 generation time rate of change is increased.
Particularly, controller 160 is by controlling the first driving voltage that the first output 164 output frequency increases and the second driving voltage controlling the second output 166 output frequency increase, thus the switching frequency controlling the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 increases, and then the alternating current that inverter 10 generation time rate of change is increased.
Further, control circuit 16B also comprises filter capacitor C11, first end and the control end electrical couplings controlling electronic switch Q11 of filter capacitor C11, the second end ground connection of filter capacitor C11.The effect of the C11 of filter capacitor shown in Fig. 4 is identical with the effect of the C11 of filter capacitor shown in Fig. 2, no longer describes at this.
In the present embodiment, controlling electronic switch Q11 is NPN type triode, and accordingly, the control end controlling electronic switch Q11 is base stage, and the first conducting end controlling electronic switch Q11 is emitter, and the second conducting end controlling electronic switch Q11 is collector electrode.In other embodiments, controlling electronic switch Q11 is metal oxide semiconductor field effect tube (metal oxide semiconductor filed effect transistor, MOSFET) etc.
In another execution mode, arc detection circuit 14 in ballast 400 shown in Fig. 4 replaces to the 14A of arc detection circuit shown in Fig. 3, accordingly, control circuit 16B in ballast 400 shown in Fig. 4 does not comprise filter capacitor C11, arc detection circuit 14A electrical couplings shown in the control end of the control electronic switch Q11 also namely in control circuit 16B shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 3, and for receiving the triggering signal of the 14A of arc detection circuit shown in Fig. 3.
Refer to Fig. 5, it is the circuit diagram of the ballast 500 of another execution mode.Ballast 500 shown in Fig. 5 is from the difference of ballast 200 shown in Fig. 2: shown in 16C and the Fig. 2 of control circuit shown in Fig. 5, control circuit 16 is different.
Inverter 10 comprises the first drive end 102, second drive end 104 and the output 106 for exporting this alternating voltage, wherein, the control end that the control end of the first electronic switch Q1 is defined as the first drive end 102, second electronic switch Q2 is defined as the second drive end 104.
Control circuit 16C comprises the first divider resistance R11, the second divider resistance R12, first and drives inductance L 11, second drive inductance L 12, first electric capacity C11, the second electric capacity C12 and control electronic switch Q11.
The first end of the first electric capacity C11 and output 106 electrical couplings of inverter 10, second end of the first electric capacity C11 drives inductance L 11 and the first drive end 102 electrical couplings by first.
The first end of the first divider resistance R11 is for receiving direct voltage Vcc, and second end of the first divider resistance R11 is by the second divider resistance R12 ground connection, and the first drive end 102 is electrically coupled between the first divider resistance R11 and the second divider resistance R12.
The first end ground connection of the second electric capacity C12, second end of the second electric capacity C12 drives inductance L 12 and the second drive end 104 electrical couplings by second.
First drive inductance L 11 and second drive inductance L 12 all with resonant inductance Lr magnetic couplings.
Control control end and arc detection circuit 14 electrical couplings of electronic switch Q11, control the first conducting end ground connection of electronic switch Q11, control the second conducting end and second drive end 104 electrical couplings of electronic switch Q11.
The operation principle of ballast 500 is described below: when direct voltage Vcc starts to power to ballast 500, first divider resistance R11 and the second divider resistance R12 carries out dividing potential drop to direct voltage Vcc, the voltage control first electronic switch Q1 conducting that second divider resistance R12 two ends produce, has electric current to flow through resonant inductance Lr; Due to the increase of inductance opposing electric current, the two ends of resonant inductance Lr are made to produce voltage; Because first drives inductance L 11 and resonant inductance Lr magnetic couplings, the first induced voltage driving inductance L 11 to produce makes the voltage drop of the control end of the first electronic switch Q1, thus the first electronic switch Q1 is turned off.Meanwhile, because second drives inductance L 12 and resonant inductance Lr magnetic couplings, the first induced voltage driving inductance L 11 to produce makes the second electronic switch Q1 conducting.
Because the first electronic switch Q1 turns off, the magnetic energy that resonant inductance Lr stores promptly is consumed by lamp load 90, first drives inductance L 11 and the second induced voltage driving inductance L 12 to produce promptly to decline, therefore the first electronic switch Q1 conducting, second electronic switch Q2 turns off simultaneously, enters the circulation of next cycle.
When the control end controlling electronic switch Q11 receives the triggering signal of the instruction conditions at the arc that arc detection circuit 14 produces, control electronic switch Q11 and respond this triggering signal conducting, thus the second electronic switch Q2 is turned off, and then inverter 10 is made to stop producing alternating voltage.
Further, control circuit 16C also comprises filter capacitor C11, first end and the control end electrical couplings controlling electronic switch Q11 of filter capacitor C11, the second end ground connection of filter capacitor C11.The effect of the C11 of filter capacitor shown in Fig. 5 is identical with the effect of the C11 of filter capacitor shown in Fig. 2, no longer describes at this.
In another execution mode, arc detection circuit 14 in ballast 500 shown in Fig. 5 replaces to the 14A of arc detection circuit shown in Fig. 3, accordingly, control circuit 16C in ballast 500 shown in Fig. 5 does not comprise filter capacitor C21, arc detection circuit 14A electrical couplings shown in the control end of the control electronic switch Q11 also namely in control circuit 16C shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 3, and for receiving the triggering signal of the 14A of arc detection circuit shown in Fig. 3.
Refer to Fig. 6, it is the circuit diagram of the ballast 600 of another execution mode.Ballast 600 shown in Fig. 6 is from the difference of ballast 200 shown in Fig. 2: shown in 16D and the Fig. 2 of control circuit shown in Fig. 6, control circuit 16 is different.
Inverter 10 comprises the first drive end 102, second drive end 104 and the output 106 for exporting this alternating voltage, wherein, the control end that the control end of the first electronic switch Q1 is defined as the first drive end 102, second electronic switch Q2 is defined as the second drive end 104.
Control circuit 16D comprises the first divider resistance R11, the second divider resistance R12, first and drives inductance L 11, second to drive inductance L 12, primary coil L21, the first secondary coil L22, second subprime coil L23, the first electric capacity C11, the second electric capacity C12, control electronic switch Q11, the first rectifier diode D11, the second rectifier diode D12, the 3rd rectifier diode D13 and the 4th rectifier diode D14.
The first end of the first secondary coil L22 and output 106 electrical couplings of inverter 10, second end of the first secondary coil L22 drives inductance L 11 and the first drive end 102 electrical couplings by the first electric capacity C11 and first.The first end of the first divider resistance R11 is for receiving direct voltage Vcc, and second end of the first divider resistance R11 is by the second divider resistance R12 ground connection, and the first drive end 102 is electrically coupled between the first divider resistance R11 and the second divider resistance R12.
The first end ground connection of second subprime coil L23, second end of second subprime coil L23 drives inductance L 12 and the second drive end 104 electrical couplings by the second electric capacity C12 and second.First drive inductance L 11 and second drive inductance L 12 all with resonant inductance Lr magnetic couplings.
Control control end and arc detection circuit 14 electrical couplings of electronic switch Q11, control the first conducting end ground connection of electronic switch Q11, control second conducting end of electronic switch Q11 and the negative electrode electrical couplings of the first rectifier diode D11; The anode of the first rectifier diode D11 and the negative electrode electrical couplings of the 3rd rectifier diode D13, the plus earth of the 3rd rectifier diode D13.
The negative electrode of the second rectifier diode D12 and the negative electrode electrical couplings of the first rectifier diode D11, the anode of the second rectifier diode D12 and the negative electrode electrical couplings of the 4th rectifier diode D14, the plus earth of the 4th rectifier diode.
First secondary coil L22 and second subprime coil L22 all with primary coil L21 magnetic couplings; The first end of primary coil L21 is electrically coupled between the anode of the first rectifier diode D11 and the negative electrode of the 3rd rectifier diode D13, and second end of primary coil L21 is electrically coupled between the anode of the second rectifier diode D12 and the negative electrode of the 4th rectifier diode D14.
Ballast 600 operation principle is described below: when direct voltage Vcc starts to power to ballast 500, first divider resistance R11 and the second divider resistance R12 carries out dividing potential drop to direct voltage Vcc, the voltage control first electronic switch Q1 conducting that second divider resistance R12 two ends produce, has electric current to flow through resonant inductance Lr; Due to the increase of inductance opposing electric current, the two ends of resonant inductance Lr are made to produce voltage; Because first drives inductance L 11 and resonant inductance Lr magnetic couplings, the first induced voltage driving inductance L 11 to produce makes the voltage drop of the control end of the first electronic switch Q1, thus the first electronic switch Q1 is turned off.Meanwhile, because second drives inductance L 12 and resonant inductance Lr magnetic couplings, the first induced voltage driving inductance L 11 to produce makes the second electronic switch Q1 conducting.
Because the first electronic switch Q1 turns off, the magnetic energy that resonant inductance Lr stores promptly is consumed by lamp load 90, first drives inductance L 11 and the second induced voltage driving inductance L 12 to produce promptly to decline, therefore the first electronic switch Q1 conducting, second electronic switch Q2 turns off simultaneously, enters the circulation of next cycle.
When the control end controlling electronic switch Q11 receives the triggering signal of the instruction conditions at the arc that arc detection circuit 14 produces, control electronic switch Q11 and respond this triggering signal conducting, due to the first secondary coil L22 and primary coil L21 magnetic couplings, mutual inductance between first secondary coil L22 and primary coil L21 is M1, and therefore the actual electrical sensibility reciprocal of the first secondary coil L22 is L22-M1.Due to second subprime coil L23 and primary coil L21 magnetic couplings, the mutual inductance between second subprime coil L23 and primary coil L21 is M2, and therefore the actual electrical sensibility reciprocal of second subprime coil L23 is L22-M2.Clearly, the inductance value of the first secondary coil L22 and second subprime coil L23 reduces, and therefore improves the switching frequency of the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2.Also namely when arc detection circuit 14 produces the triggering signal of instruction conditions at the arc, the alternating current that inverter 10 generation time rate of change increases, the alternating current that this time rate of change increases flows through the resonant inductance Lr be connected in series with lamp load 90, cause the both end voltage of resonant inductance Lr to increase, therefore the both end voltage of lamp load 90 reduces accordingly.Because the both end voltage of lamp load 90 reduces, therefore also effectively eliminate the harm of electric arc.
Further, control circuit 16D also comprises filter capacitor C11, first end and the control end electrical couplings controlling electronic switch Q11 of filter capacitor C11, the second end ground connection of filter capacitor C11.The effect of the C11 of filter capacitor shown in Fig. 6 is identical with the effect of the C11 of filter capacitor shown in Fig. 2, no longer describes at this.
In another execution mode, arc detection circuit 14 in ballast 600 shown in Fig. 6 replaces to the 14A of arc detection circuit shown in Fig. 3, accordingly, control circuit 16D in ballast 600 shown in Fig. 6 does not comprise filter capacitor C21, arc detection circuit 14A electrical couplings shown in the control end of the control electronic switch Q11 also namely in control circuit 16D shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 3, and for receiving the triggering signal of the 14A of arc detection circuit shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a kind of flow chart of arc protection method of execution mode, and arc protection method 800 can be executed in rectifier shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 6.Arc protection method 800 comprises the steps:
Step 802: inverter 10 provides an alternating voltage to lamp load 90 to start lamp load 90.
Step 804: arc detection circuit 14 and lamp load 90 are connected in parallel, and for the signal of telecommunication of supervisory lamp load 90.
Step 806: arc detection circuit 14 judges whether above-said current signal reaches predetermined condition.When above-said current signal reaches predetermined condition, flow process enters step 808; Otherwise flow process returns step 804.In one embodiment, above-said current signal reaches predetermined condition and refers to that the time rate of change of the signal of telecommunication is greater than predetermined variation rate.In a kind of concrete execution mode, the time rate of change of above-said current signal refers to the time rate of change of electric current.In another execution mode, above-said current signal reaches predetermined condition and refers to that this signal of telecommunication is in the first state and this first state continuance predetermined amount of time, and this first state refers to that the amplitude of this signal of telecommunication exceedes predetermined threshold.
Step 808: arc detection circuit 14 produces triggering signal and occurs electric arc to indicate in above-said current signal.
Step 810: control circuit 16 responds above-mentioned triggering signal control inverter 10 to be stopped producing this alternating voltage; Or control circuit 16 responds the alternating current that above-mentioned triggering signal control inverter 10 generation time rate of change increases, the alternating current that this time rate of change increases flows through the resonant inductance Lr be connected in series with lamp load 90; The both end voltage of resonant inductance Lr is increased, and then the both end voltage of lamp load 90 is reduced, also namely effectively eliminate the harm of electric arc.
Although describe the present invention in conjunction with specific execution mode, those skilled in the art will appreciate that and can make many amendments and modification to the present invention.Therefore, recognize, the intention of claims is to cover all such modifications in true spirit of the present invention and scope and modification.
Claims (17)
1. a ballast, is characterized in that, this ballast comprises:
Inverter, for being converted to alternating voltage by direct voltage;
Resonant circuit, comprises the resonant inductance be connected in series with lamp load; This resonant circuit provides ignition voltage to lamp load to light this lamp load for responding this alternating voltage;
Arc detection circuit, is connected in parallel with this lamp load; This arc detection circuit is for monitoring the signal of telecommunication in this resonant circuit, and wherein when this signal of telecommunication reaches predetermined condition, this arc detection circuit produces triggering signal and occurs electric arc to indicate in this signal of telecommunication; And
Control circuit, stops producing this alternating voltage for responding this triggering signal control inverter; Or the alternating current that control circuit increases for responding this triggering signal control inverter generation time rate of change, the alternating current that this time rate of change increases flows through this resonant inductance.
2. ballast as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: this signal of telecommunication reaches predetermined condition and refers to that the time rate of change of this signal of telecommunication is greater than predetermined variation rate or this signal of telecommunication is in the first state and this first state continuance predetermined amount of time, and this first state refers to that the amplitude of this signal of telecommunication exceedes predetermined threshold.
3. ballast as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the time rate of change of this signal of telecommunication refers to the time rate of change of electric current, this arc detection circuit comprises sensing transformer, rectifier diode, Zener diode and resistance, this sensing transformer comprises primary coil and secondary coil, this primary coil and lamp load are connected in parallel, this secondary coil and primary coil magnetic couplings; The first end of this secondary coil and the anode electrical couplings of rectifier diode, the negative electrode of this rectifier diode and the negative electrode electrical couplings of Zener diode, the anode of this Zener diode passes through grounding through resistance, second end ground connection of this secondary coil, the anode of this Zener diode also with control circuit electrical couplings.
4. ballast as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: this resonant circuit also comprises resonant capacitance, the first end ground connection of this lamp load, the second end of this lamp load is by resonant inductance and inverter electrical couplings; The first end of this primary coil is by this resonant capacitance ground connection, and the second end of this primary coil is electrically coupled between resonant inductance and the second end of lamp load.
5. ballast as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: this arc detection circuit comprises linear optical coupling, Zener diode, the first resistance, the second resistance and filter capacitor, this linear optical coupling comprises the first light-emitting diode, the second light-emitting diode and phototriode, the anode of this first light-emitting diode and the first end electrical couplings of lamp load, the negative electrode of this first light-emitting diode and the second end electrical couplings of lamp load; The negative electrode of this second light-emitting diode and the anode electrical couplings of the first light-emitting diode, the anode of this second light-emitting diode and the negative electrode electrical couplings of the first light-emitting diode; The collector electrode of this phototriode and the negative electrode electrical couplings of Zener diode, the grounded emitter of this phototriode; The anode of this Zener diode is by the first grounding through resistance, the anode of this Zener diode is also by the second resistance and control circuit electrical couplings, the first end of this filter capacitor is electrically coupled between the second resistance and control circuit, the second end ground connection of this filter capacitor.
6. ballast as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: this resonant circuit also comprises resonant capacitance, the first end ground connection of this lamp load, the second end of this lamp load is by resonant inductance and inverter electrical couplings; The anode of this first light-emitting diode is by this resonant capacitance ground connection, and the negative electrode of the first light-emitting diode is electrically coupled between resonant inductance and the second end of lamp load.
7. ballast as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: this control circuit comprises controller, this controller has Enable Pin; This Enable Pin and arc detection circuit electrical couplings; When this Enable Pin receives this triggering signal, this controller is used for control inverter to be stopped producing alternating voltage.
8. ballast as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: this control circuit comprises controller, controls electronic switch, the first regulating resistance and the second regulating resistance, and this controller has frequency adjustment end;
This frequency adjustment end passes through the first regulating resistance and the second regulating resistance ground connection, the control end of this control electronic switch and arc detection circuit electrical couplings; First conducting end ground connection of this control electronic switch, the second conducting end of this control electronic switch is connected between the first regulating resistance and the second regulating resistance;
This control electronic switch responds this triggering signal conducting, makes this frequency adjustment end by the first regulating resistance ground connection, and then the alternating current that this controller control inverter generation time rate of change is increased.
9. ballast as claimed in claim 7 or 8, is characterized in that: this control circuit also comprises filter capacitor, the first end of this filter capacitor and the Enable Pin electrical couplings of controller, the second end ground connection of this filter capacitor;
Or the first end of this filter capacitor and the control end electrical couplings controlling electronic switch, the second end ground connection of this filter capacitor.
10. ballast as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: this inverter comprises the first drive end, the second drive end and the output for exporting this alternating voltage; This output is by resonant inductance and lamp load electrical couplings; This control circuit comprises the first divider resistance, the second divider resistance, first drives inductance, second drive inductance, the first electric capacity, the second electric capacity and control electronic switch; This first drive inductance and second drive inductance all with this resonant inductance magnetic couplings; The first end of this first electric capacity and the output electrical couplings of inverter, the second end of this first electric capacity drives inductance and this first drive end electrical couplings by first;
The first end of this first divider resistance is for receiving this direct voltage, and the second end of this first divider resistance is by the second divider resistance ground connection, and this first drive end is electrically coupled between the first divider resistance and the second divider resistance; The first end ground connection of this second electric capacity, the second end of this second electric capacity drives inductance and the second drive end electrical couplings by second; The control end of this control electronic switch and arc detection circuit electrical couplings, the first conducting end ground connection of this control electronic switch, the second conducting end of this control electronic switch and the second drive end electrical couplings; This control electronic switch responds this triggering signal conducting.
11. ballasts as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: this inverter comprises the first drive end, the second drive end and the output for exporting this alternating voltage; This output is by resonant inductance and lamp load electrical couplings; This control circuit comprises the first divider resistance, the second divider resistance, first drives inductance, second to drive inductance, the first electric capacity, the second electric capacity, primary coil, the first secondary coil, second subprime coil, control electronic switch and full-bridge rectifier; This first drive inductance and second drive inductance all with this resonant inductance magnetic couplings; This first secondary coil and second subprime coil all with primary coil magnetic couplings;
The first end of this first secondary coil and the output electrical couplings of inverter, the second end of this first secondary coil drives the first end electrical couplings of inductance by the first electric capacity and first, the second end of this first driving inductance and the first drive end electrical couplings; The first end of this first divider resistance is for receiving this direct voltage, and the second end of this first divider resistance is by the second divider resistance ground connection, and this first drive end is electrically coupled between the first divider resistance and the second divider resistance; The first end ground connection of this second subprime coil, the second end of this second subprime coil drives the first end electrical couplings of inductance by the second electric capacity and second, the second end of this second driving inductance and the second drive end electrical couplings;
The control end of this control electronic switch and arc detection circuit electrical couplings, first conducting end ground connection of this control electronic switch, second conducting end of this control electronic switch and the first output electrical couplings of full-bridge rectifier, the second output head grounding of this full-bridge rectifier; This control electronic switch responds this triggering signal conducting; The first end of this primary coil and the first input end electrical couplings of full-bridge rectifier, the second end of this primary coil and the second input electrical couplings of full-bridge rectifier.
12. 1 kinds of arc protection devices, is characterized in that, this arc protection device comprises:
Arc detection circuit, is connected in parallel with lamp load; This arc detection circuit is for monitoring the signal of telecommunication of this lamp load, and wherein when this signal of telecommunication reaches predetermined condition, this arc detection circuit produces triggering signal and occurs electric arc to indicate in this signal of telecommunication; And
Control circuit, stops producing alternating voltage for responding this triggering signal inverter controlled for powering to this lamp load; Or the alternating current that this control circuit increases for responding this triggering signal control inverter generation time rate of change, the alternating current that this time rate of change increases flows through the resonant inductance be connected in series with lamp load.
13. arc protection devices as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that: this arc detection circuit comprises sensing transformer, rectifier diode, Zener diode and resistance, this sensing transformer comprises primary coil and secondary coil, this primary coil and lamp load are connected in parallel, this secondary coil and primary coil magnetic couplings; The first end of this secondary coil and the anode electrical couplings of rectifier diode, the negative electrode of this rectifier diode and the negative electrode electrical couplings of Zener diode, the anode of this Zener diode passes through grounding through resistance, second end ground connection of this secondary coil, the anode of this Zener diode also with control circuit electrical couplings; This signal of telecommunication reaches predetermined condition and refers to that the time rate of change of the electric current flowing through primary coil is greater than predetermined variation rate.
14. 1 kinds of arc protection methods, it is characterized in that, the method comprises:
Inverter is utilized to provide an alternating voltage to lamp load to start this lamp load;
Arc detection circuit and lamp load is provided to be connected in parallel, and for monitoring the signal of telecommunication of this lamp load;
Judge whether this signal of telecommunication reaches predetermined condition;
When this signal of telecommunication reaches predetermined condition, this arc detection circuit generation triggering signal is set and occurs electric arc to indicate in this signal of telecommunication;
Respond this triggering signal and control this alternating voltage of this inverter stopping generation; Or respond the alternating current that this triggering signal control inverter generation time rate of change increases, the alternating current that this time rate of change increases flows through the resonant inductance be connected in series with lamp load.
15. arc protection methods as claimed in claim 14; it is characterized in that: this signal of telecommunication reaches predetermined condition and refers to that the time rate of change of this signal of telecommunication is greater than predetermined variation rate or this signal of telecommunication is in the first state and this first state continuance predetermined amount of time, and this first state refers to that the amplitude of this signal of telecommunication exceedes predetermined threshold.
16. 1 kinds of ballasts, is characterized in that, this ballast comprises:
Inverter, for being converted to alternating voltage by direct voltage;
Resonant circuit, comprises the resonant inductance be connected in series with lamp load; This resonant circuit provides ignition voltage to lamp load to light this lamp load for responding this alternating voltage;
Arc detection circuit, for monitoring the signal of telecommunication in this resonant circuit; Wherein when the time rate of change of this signal of telecommunication is greater than predetermined variation rate or when this signal of telecommunication be in the first state and this first state continuance predetermined amount of time time, this arc detection circuit produces triggering signal and occurs electric arc to indicate in this signal of telecommunication; This first state refers to that the amplitude of this signal of telecommunication exceedes predetermined threshold;
Control circuit, for responding the alternating current that this triggering signal control inverter generation time rate of change increases, the alternating current that this time rate of change increases flows through this resonant inductance.
17. 1 kinds of ballasts, is characterized in that, this ballast comprises:
Inverter, for being converted to alternating voltage by direct voltage;
Resonant inductance;
Resonant capacitance;
Sensing transformer;
Rectifier diode;
Zener diode; And
Resistance; The first end of this resonant inductance is for receiving this alternating voltage, and the second end of this resonant inductance is by lamp load ground connection; This sensing transformer comprises primary coil and secondary coil, and the first end of this primary coil passes through this resonant capacitance ground connection, the second end of this primary coil and the second end electrical couplings of resonant inductance; This secondary coil and primary coil magnetic couplings; The first end of this secondary coil and the anode electrical couplings of rectifier diode, the negative electrode of this rectifier diode and the negative electrode electrical couplings of Zener diode, the anode of this Zener diode passes through grounding through resistance, second end ground connection of this secondary coil, the anode of this Zener diode also with this inverter electrical couplings.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410087837.4A CN104918394A (en) | 2014-03-11 | 2014-03-11 | Ballast, and arc protection apparatus and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410087837.4A CN104918394A (en) | 2014-03-11 | 2014-03-11 | Ballast, and arc protection apparatus and method |
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| CN104918394A true CN104918394A (en) | 2015-09-16 |
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| CN110770991A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2020-02-07 | 帕西·西姆公司 | Arc fault circuit interrupter |
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Application publication date: 20150916 |