CN104915727B - Various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction method - Google Patents
Various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction methods, specifically comprise the following steps: that SS1 is comprehensive using grid-connected active metric data, meteorological substation metric data, grid-connected active historical data, meteorological substation historical data and data of weather forecast, the data being daily segmented are analyzed, by meteorological condition, close, active output is similar calculates index of similarity for condition, and sorts out history of forming data sample with this；SS2 is modified according to data of weather forecast, meteorological substation metric data logarithm Weather information；Historical data sample of the SS3 according to revised Numerical Weather information and after sorting out, is matched by the close condition of meteorological condition, selects input training sample of the close sample as artificial neural network；SS4 carries out input data normalization, training sample screening, prediction output for BP neural network；When the prediction of SS5 next period starts, the process of step SS1 to step SS4 is repeated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction methods, belong to photovoltaic hair
Electrical power electric powder prediction.
Background technique
Country greatly develops clean energy technology at present, and photovoltaic power generation is important component.Photovoltaic power generation feature is can
It regenerates, is pollution-free, being limited in power output and fluctuated with weather conditions, impacting big, especially extensive concentration after grid-connected for power grid
Formula photovoltaic plant is more obvious.If energy look-ahead photovoltaic power generation power output, is convenient for dispatching of power netwoks, reasonable arrangement formulates power generation
Plan adjusts power output distribution, economic load dispatching etc., therefore accurate forecast photovoltaic generation power is significant.
Optical power prediction technique is divided into mathematical model method, statistical model method, model of mind method etc., respectively there is length.Artificial mind
There is good performance in the complicated nonlinear problem of processing through network, as one kind of model of mind method, is predicted in optical power
In be widely used.Discovery could obtain good prediction result after weather information is added in current research practice.Light
Volt power generation is influenced greatly by environment, and in the season environment that spring, summer, autumn, the four seasons in winter are different, fine, negative, mist, rain, snow etc. are different meteorological
Under the conditions of generated output situation difference it is obvious.Due to seasonal variations, the feature of meteorological condition complexity, research and propose accordingly a variety of
The Artificial Neural Network of model, and adapting to IFR conditions is the outstanding problem that optical power prediction needs to solve.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, existing document is used by season classification and by the method for weather classification of type, adopt respectively
With different neural network models.Various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction side proposed by the present invention
Method takes the method to seasonal factor and the classification of weather environment united analysis, and the training of matched sample library is selected from database, from
And avoid and establish multiple neural network models, and transduction factors by meteorological data training obtain, solve generated output with
The problem of meteorological condition changes.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction side
Method, which is characterized in that specifically comprise the following steps:
Step SS1 is comprehensive to use grid-connected active metric data, meteorological substation metric data, grid-connected active historical data, gas
As substation historical data and data of weather forecast, the data being daily segmented are analyzed, close, the active output by meteorological condition
It is similar to calculate index of similarity for condition, and history of forming data sample is sorted out with this；
Step SS2 is modified according to data of weather forecast, meteorological substation metric data logarithm Weather information；
Historical data sample of the step SS3 according to revised Numerical Weather information and after sorting out, is connect by meteorological condition
Close condition is matched, and input training sample of the close sample as artificial neural network is selected；
Step SS4 carries out input data normalization, training sample screening, prediction output for BP neural network；
When the prediction of step SS5 next period starts, the process of step SS1 to step SS4 is repeated.
Preferably, step SS1 includes: whether (1) initial data needs to rationalize before use processing, including verification most
Big minimum value range, quality of data situation, data integrity；(2) using comprehensive index of similarity, to meteorological condition, active
Output assigns different weight factors respectively, and considers most value, mean value, amplitude of variation, growing direction to single condition.
Preferably, step SS2 includes: to be calculated using exponential smoothing, using following formula
Or(t=1,2 ...).
Preferably, step SS3 includes: to calculate characteristic index, and with the meteorological data in 4 hours futures with the index
It is matched with sample data, finds out close sample.
Preferably, the construction method of BP neural network described in step SS4 are as follows: in the prediction of a period, selection has
Function output, irradiation level, temperature, humidity are as input；The BP neural network structure includes input layer, middle layer, output layer, institute
State input layer by 3 similar days, the same day is meteorological, 1 hour data was constituted before the same day, set as unit of hour, be spaced 15 minutes
Acquisition, the active output of each similar day, irradiation level, temperature, humidity have the 4X4=16 factor altogether, the irradiation level of same day meteorology,
Temperature, humidity have the 3X4=12 factor altogether, and active output in 1 hour, irradiation level, temperature, humidity had 4X4=16 altogether before the same day
A factor, above-mentioned 76 factors constitute input layer；The middle layer is hidden layer；The output layer is used to export prediction 1 small
When active power, including 4 points.
Preferably, normalization described in step SS4 uses following steps: input value must be normalized, and input is turned
It is changed between [0,1], power input conversion formula is
The active output conversion formula is accordingly
Pout=(Pmax-Pmin)p+Pmin
The irradiation level is converted in the same manner；
The temperature is according to section band normalized；
Percentage of the humidity value between 0-100, can be converted directly into decimal.
Preferably, the screening of training sample described in step SS4 uses following steps: measuring sample using overall target
Difference, then Screening Samples on this basis；Measure the index of power, P=k1*X1+k2*X2+k3*X3, wherein k1, k2, k3
For weight coefficient,
Cardinal direction marker X1, for indicating that data trend is ascending, descending or turn；
Maximin index X2, for the maximin absolute difference with reference day；
Absolute error mean value specification X3, for the absolute error mean value with reference day；
It is similar to measure meteorological index；
Using the numerical value after normalization in calculating.
Preferably, the output of prediction described in step SS4 includes the following steps: positive calculating and backpropagation,
The forward direction calculating process are as follows:
Node j is inputted(j=1,2 ..., M)
Node j reality output is Oj=fj(NETj)
The back-propagation process are as follows:
The output layer σj=Oj(1-Oj)(Tj-Oj), wherein T is desired output；
The hidden layer
The variation delta W of weightij=η σjOi, (adjacent node that i is j)
Wherein, error functionUsing steepest descent method, it is desirable that set up Δ Wij=η σjOi, warp
It crosses and repeatedly cycles to reach stop condition.
One, advantageous effects of the invention: (1) solves the problems, such as that forecasted variances are big under a variety of meteorological conditions, and
Avoid the process that multiple models are established by season and weather condition；(2) BP neural network used is suitable for more using extensively
The optical power forecasting problem of dimension and complex nonlinear is added many factors such as weather information in input and considers Various Complex
The combined influence of combination condition；(3) accuracy of weather forecast is corrected, improved to logarithm Weather information；And to a number of days
According to segment processing, large-scale fluctuation is decomposed into localised waving, is conducive to the convergence speed for improving artificial neural network；
(4) accurate forecast photovoltaic plant changed power can provide the economy that operation of power networks is improved with reference to scientific basis for dispatching of power netwoks
And safety.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction method of the invention.
Fig. 2 is BP neural network structure chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following embodiment is only used for clearly illustrating the present invention
Technical solution, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction method of the invention, this
Invention proposes a kind of various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction method, which is characterized in that specifically includes
Following 5 steps.
Step SS1 is comprehensive to use grid-connected active metric data, meteorological substation metric data, grid-connected active historical data, gas
As substation historical data and data of weather forecast, the data being daily segmented are analyzed, close, the active output by meteorological condition
It is similar to calculate index of similarity for condition, and history of forming data sample is sorted out with this；Step SS1 includes: that (1) initial data exists
Whether need to rationalize processing, including verification before use in maximin range, quality of data situation, data integrity；(2)
Using comprehensive index of similarity, different weight factors is assigned respectively to meteorological condition, active output, and to single condition
Consider most value, mean value, amplitude of variation, growing direction.
Step SS2 is modified according to data of weather forecast, meteorological substation metric data logarithm Weather information；Using referring to
Number exponential smoothing is calculated, using following formula
Or(t=1,2 ...).
Historical data sample of the step SS3 according to revised Numerical Weather information and after sorting out, is connect by meteorological condition
Close condition is matched, and input training sample of the close sample as artificial neural network is selected；In 4 hours following
Meteorological data is calculated characteristic index, and is matched with the index with sample data, and close sample is found out.
Step SS4 carries out input data normalization, training sample screening, prediction output for BP neural network:
(1) construction method of BP neural network are as follows: in the prediction of a period, choose active output, irradiation level, temperature
Degree, humidity are as input；The BP neural network structure includes input layer, middle layer, output layer, and the input layer is by 3 phases
Like day, same day meteorology, 1 hour data was constituted before the same day, was set as unit of hour, is spaced 15 minutes and is acquired, each similar day
Active output, irradiation level, temperature, humidity have the 4X4=16 factor altogether, the irradiation level of same day meteorology, temperature, humidity have altogether
The 3X4=12 factor, active output in 1 hour before the same day, irradiation level, temperature, humidity have the 4X4=16 factor altogether, and above-mentioned 76
A factor constitutes input layer；The middle layer is hidden layer；The output layer is used to export the active power of prediction 1 hour,
Including 4 points, as shown in Fig. 2 BP neural network structure chart of the invention.
(2) normalization uses following steps: input value must be normalized, and convert the input between [0,1], power
Inputting conversion formula is
The active output conversion formula is accordingly
Pout=(Pmax-Pmin)p+Pmin
The irradiation level is converted in the same manner；
The temperature is according to section band normalized；
Percentage of the humidity value between 0-100, can be converted directly into decimal.
(3) training sample screening use following steps: the difference of sample is measured using overall target, then as according to
According to Screening Samples；Measuring the index of power, P=k1*X1+k2*X2+k3*X3, wherein k1, k2, k3 are weight coefficient,
Cardinal direction marker X1, for indicating that data trend is ascending, descending or turn；
Maximin index X2, for the maximin absolute difference with reference day；
Absolute error mean value specification X3, for the absolute error mean value with reference day；
It is similar to measure meteorological index；
Using the numerical value after normalization in calculating.
(4) prediction output includes the following steps: positive calculating and backpropagation,
The forward direction calculating process are as follows:
Node j is inputted(j=1,2 ..., M)
Node j reality output is Oj=fj(NETj)
The back-propagation process are as follows:
The output layer σj=Oj(1-Oj)(Tj-Oj), wherein T is desired output；
The hidden layer
The variation delta W of weightij=η σjOi, (adjacent node that i is j)
Wherein, error functionUsing steepest descent method, it is desirable that set up Δ Wij=η σjOi, warp
It crosses and repeatedly cycles to reach stop condition.
When the prediction of step SS5 next period starts, the process of step SS1 to step SS4 is repeated.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvement and deformations can also be made, these improvement and deformations
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction method, which is characterized in that specifically include as
Lower step:
Step SS1 is comprehensive to use grid-connected active metric data, meteorological substation metric data, grid-connected active historical data, meteorological son
Historical data of standing and data of weather forecast analyze the data being daily segmented, and by meteorological condition, close, active output is similar
Index of similarity is calculated for condition, and history of forming data sample is sorted out with this；
Step SS2 is modified according to data of weather forecast, meteorological substation metric data logarithm Weather information；
Historical data sample of the step SS3 according to revised Numerical Weather information and after sorting out, it is close by meteorological condition
Condition is matched, and input training sample of the close sample as artificial neural network is selected；
Step SS4 carries out input data normalization, training sample screening, prediction output for BP neural network；
When the prediction of step SS5 next period starts, the process of step SS1 to step SS4 is repeated.
2. a kind of various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction method according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the step SS1 includes: whether (1) initial data needs to rationalize before use processing, including verification in maximum
Minimum value range, quality of data situation, data integrity；(2) using comprehensive index of similarity, to meteorological condition, active defeated
It assigns different weight factors respectively out, and most value, mean value, amplitude of variation, growing direction is considered to single condition.
3. a kind of various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction method according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the step SS2 includes: to be calculated using exponential smoothing, using following formula
Or
4. a kind of various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction method according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that, the step SS3 include: characteristic index is calculated with the meteorological data in following 4 hours, and with the index with
Sample data is matched, and close sample is found out.
5. a kind of various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction method according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the construction method of BP neural network described in the step SS4 are as follows: in the prediction of a period, choose active
Output, irradiation level, temperature, humidity are as input；The BP neural network structure includes input layer, middle layer, output layer, described
Input layer is by 3 similar days, the same day is meteorological, 1 hour data was constituted before the same day, sets as unit of hour, interval is adopted for 15 minutes
Collection, the active output of each similar day, irradiation level, temperature, humidity have the 4X4=16 factor, the irradiation level of same day meteorology, temperature altogether
Degree, humidity have the 3X4=12 factor altogether, and active output in 1 hour, irradiation level, temperature, humidity had 4X4=16 altogether before the same day
The factor, above-mentioned 76 factors constitute input layer；The middle layer is hidden layer；The output layer is used to export prediction 1 hour
Active power, including 4 points.
6. a kind of various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction method according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that, normalization described in the step SS4 uses following steps: input value must be normalized, and input is converted
Between [0,1], power input conversion formula is
The active output conversion formula is accordingly
Pout=(Pmax-Pmin)p+Pmin
The irradiation level is converted in the same manner；
The temperature is according to section band normalized；
Percentage of the humidity value between 0-100, can be converted directly into decimal.
7. a kind of various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction method according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the screening of training sample described in the step SS4 uses following steps: the difference of sample is measured using overall target
It is different, then Screening Samples on this basis；Measure the index of power, P=k1*X1+k2*X2+k3*X3, wherein k1, k2, k3 are
Weight coefficient,
Cardinal direction marker X1, for indicating that data trend is ascending, descending or turn；
Maximin index X2, for the maximin absolute difference with reference day；
Absolute error mean value specification X3, for the absolute error mean value with reference day；
Using the numerical value after normalization in calculating.
8. a kind of various dimensions allomer BP neural network optical power ultra-short term prediction method according to claim 5,
It being characterized in that, the output of prediction described in the step SS4 includes the following steps: positive calculating and backpropagation,
The forward direction calculating process are as follows:
Node j is inputted
Node j reality output is Oj=fj(NETj)
The back-propagation process are as follows:
The output layer σj=Oj(1-Oj)(Tj-Oj), wherein T is desired output；
The hidden layer
The variation delta W of weightij=η σjOi, wherein i is the adjacent node of j；
Wherein, error functionUsing steepest descent method, it is desirable that set up Δ Wij=η σjOi, through excessive
It is secondary to cycle to reach stop condition.
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