CN104915485B - It is a kind of based on the product demand of effect to structure mapping method - Google Patents
It is a kind of based on the product demand of effect to structure mapping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104915485B CN104915485B CN201510282942.8A CN201510282942A CN104915485B CN 104915485 B CN104915485 B CN 104915485B CN 201510282942 A CN201510282942 A CN 201510282942A CN 104915485 B CN104915485 B CN 104915485B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of based on the product demand of effect to structure mapping method.It is considered herein that in each stage of consideration conceptual design that must be comprehensive, provide efficient, consistency design cycle, it is proposed to this end that based on the product demand of effect to structure mapping method for the conceptual design of product.General step is mainly demand analysis, demand to power and energy, function to structure mapping.The method of the present invention can improve design efficiency, reduce design cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Design of Mechanical Product conceptual design field more particularly to it is a kind of based on the product demand of effect to knot
Structure mapping method.
Background technology
In the entire design, manufacturing process of product, although conceptual design only accounts for the 5% of development cost, often determine
Determine 70%~80% totle drilling cost, directly affects the quality, cost and performance of product.It then becomes necessary to develop efficient product
Conceptual design method is to reduce design cost, ensure designing quality.The mapping of product demand to structure is Product Conceptual Design
Important content and critical process are mainly obtained by the demand based on effect, are handled, switch technology, and function to structure mapping is calculated
Method embodies, it is therefore an objective to quickly establish concept structure set by mapping method.Existing method is all by demand analysis and function-
Structure mapping separation considers, includes mainly demand analysis, function- behavior- structure (FBS) mapping.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of based on the product demand of effect to structure mapping method.
The present invention solve its technical problem the technical solution adopted is that：
1. demand classification screens, following steps are specifically included：
1-1. is for user demand CR1, CR2, CR3..., opposite problem is set for each demand, investigation product has or not
The desired value of user when having a certain attribute.
1-2. obtains type A, O, M, I, R, the Q of each demand, and type assigns phase according to demand according to two-dimentional evaluation table
The weighted value answered.
1-3. counts the selection number of effective questionnaire and all types of demands when there is multiple users to participate in investigation, according to public
Formula AIi=nA×A+nO×O+nM×M+nI×I+nR×R+nQ× Q calculates the absolutely essential degree of requirement item, wherein AIiIndicate i-th
The absolutely essential degree of a customer demand, nA, nO, nM, nI, nR, nQThe number of all types of demands is indicated respectively.
1-4. is normalized to obtain relative Link Importance k for the absolutely essential degree of gained according to following formulai,
Thus the relative Link Importance of each demand and sequence are obtained.
When above-mentioned steps 1-3 is that multi-user participates in, if survey of demands skips the step for individual；
2. demand is handled, following steps are specifically included：
2-1. pays the utmost attention to the larger requirement item of user demand importance, analyzes it classification, and abstraction function type
Demand compares requirement unit two-by-two, provides relative importance evaluation, fills in correlation matrix.
2-2. obtains each requirement unit correlation significance level two-by-two, establishes n rank requirement unit weight matrix R.Structure
Feature vector is built, and carries out consistency check, it is made to meet coherence request.
3. based on the demand of effect to power and energy, following steps are specifically included：
3-1. analyzes demand, establishes the knowledge model CR based on effecti={ V, P, E, A }, wherein A refers to master
Dynamic entity sets, E refer to action effect or principle set, and P refers to passive entity sets, and V refers to the behavior of passive entity or state becomes
Change set.
3-2. models according to demand establish the functional knowledge model FR based on effecti={ V, P, E, A }.
4. the function- behavior- structure mapping based on effect, specifically includes following steps：
4-1. carries out function to the mapping of structure, obtains concept according to functional effect table, effect behavior table, behavioral structure table
Structure space.
4-2. calculates i-th that behavior concentration j-th of node mapping of kth layer to structure collection kth layer is obtainedkA structural junction
S (k, ik, jB k) and design specification DS the degree of correlation, to structure carry out preliminary assessment.
4-3. draws concept space AND/OR arborescences, it follows that structure-parts arborescence completes function to structure
Mapping.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Design efficiency is improved, design cost is reduced.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the demands of effect to structure mapping method flow diagram；
Fig. 2 is concept space schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the result figure of hydraulic jack embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In order to keep the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, to this hair
It is bright to be further elaborated.
It is considered herein that each stage of consideration conceptual design that must be comprehensive, for product conceptual design provide it is efficient,
The design cycle of consistency, it is proposed to this end that based on the product demand of effect to structure mapping method.General step is mainly
Demand analysis, demand to power and energy, function to structure mapping.
The present invention includes the following steps：
(1) demand classification screens
Two opposite problems are set to test attention degree of the client to different demands for each product demand.Design evaluatio
Table evaluates the marking of user, A in table 1, O, M, I, and T, Q indicate different importance ranks respectively.
The two-dimentional evaluation table of table 1
By questionnaire survey, the number of all types of demands is counted, calculates the importance of requirement item.
AIi=nA×A+nO×O+nM×M+nI×I+nR×R+nQ×Q
Wherein, AIiIndicate the absolutely essential degree of i-th of customer demand, nA, nO, nM, nI, nR, nQAll types of need are indicated respectively
The number asked.Absolutely essential degree is normalized to obtain relative Link Importance ki。
(2) demand is handled
Demand processing method, more each mutual significance level of demand, is used in combination 3 grades to be evaluated, what each score value represented
Meaning is as shown in table 2 below.
2 demand relative importance evaluation form of table
Requirement unit weight sets W={ w1,w2,…,wn, the value of weight meets following formula defined, regression nature and non-negative
Property.
Then each requirement unit is put together and is compared, obtain significance level two-by-two, establish n rank requirement unit weights
Matrix R：
Construction feature vector W={ w1,w2,…,wn, wherein：
ω in above formulaiIndicate the weighted value of i-th of customer demand unit.
Consistency detection is carried out, the maximum eigenvalue of matrix R is found out：
Index of conformity CI：
Random consistency ratio CR：
CR=CI/RI
Wherein RI is mean random index of conformity, value such as table 3：
3 RI values of table
When CR is not more than 0.1, demand weight matrix meets coherence request：When CR is more than 0.1, demand weight is coped with
Matrix scoring is corrected again, until meeting coherence request.
By above-mentioned algorithm, the correlation importance of each demand is calculated, realizes the processing of user demand.
(3) based on the demand of effect to power and energy
Demand model based on effect is CR={ V, P, E, A }, and wherein A refers to active entities set, and E refers to action effect or original
Reason set, P refer to passive entity sets, and V refers to behavior or the state change of passive entity.
The clear functional mode FR={ V, P, E, A } of model according to demand.Specifically implementation steps are：
A) it is intended to determine passive entity according to the demand of user；
B) determine that passive entity receiving acts on the variation occurred later；
C) determining makes passive entity that principle or method that these variations may be used occur,
D active entities) are determined.
Demand is analyzed by above step, complete demand in conjunction with designer's domain knowledge and experience turns to function
It changes.
(4) based on the function of effect to structure mapping
It is a kind of based on the function of effect to structure mapping direct method, be achieved in that based on effect domain knowledge, it is real
It is relevant behavior set that the effect and principle of existing function, which are deduced, completes mapping of the function to behavior；Behavior-based control structured set,
Behavior and structure are directly linked, the mapping of consummatory behavior to structure；To realize mapping of the function to structure, tree structure is formed
Figure.To avoid mechanism from coupling, structural principle solution is evaluated, evaluation algorithms are as follows：
MR=(F, B, S)
Enable k=1
Repeat{
For structural junction s (k, ik, jB k), calculate its degree of correlation with design specificationMathematical notation is：
Preliminary assessment can be carried out to structure on this basis, be denoted as：
When its value is 1 expression s (k, ik, jB k) do not conflict with design specification DS.0 indicates conflict, and -1 expression cannot be true
It is fixed, these structures should be rejected.
According to the above mapping ruler, mapping level is with f (1,1, jP 0) be root node tree structure, being translated into is
The form of tree graph, obtains concept space.The following Fig. 2 of form.
Embodiment：The present embodiment is design flow diagram according to figure 1, by taking hydraulic jack designs as an example, is used
Mapping of the family demand to product structure.
(1) demand classification screening technique
For user demand { CRi}={ operating force, lifting capacity, lifting stroke, lifting altitude, raising stationarity, vehicle-mounted work
Tool, illumination, weight, service, price }, for each demand, two opposite problems are set, such as " when product operation it is laborious you recognize
For howWhen product operation it is laborsaving you think how" fill in user questionnaires.
The two-dimentional evaluation table of inquiry, evaluates each demand, obtains the type of each demand and assign corresponding weight,
Take A=3；O=1；M=5；I=0；R=-3；Q=0.
When there are multiple users to participate in investigation, the selection number of effective questionnaire and all types of demands is counted, according to formula AIi
=nA×A+nO×O+nM×M+nI×I+nR×R+nQ× Q calculates the importance of requirement item.Example is without reference to this step.
The absolutely essential degree of gained is normalized to obtain relative Link Importance, obtains the relative Link Importance of each demand
And the table as above that sorts.
(2) demand processing method
For the requirement item that user demand importance is larger, classification, and abstraction function type demand are analyzed it, to needing
It asks unit to compare two-by-two, provides relative importance evaluation, fill in correlation matrix.
Initially set up requirement unit judgment matrix：
Calculate characteristic vector W={ w1,w2,…,wn, wherein：
Obtain W={ w1,w2,…,wn}={ 0.61,0.21,0.18 }
Consistency check：
Due to CR<0.1, which meets consistency.
(3) based on the demand of effect to function conversion method
Process demand, abstraction function type demand establish the knowledge model CRi={ V, P, E, A } based on effect.
(4) the function- behavior- structure mapping method based on effect
Table, effect behavior table are corresponded to according to function and scientific effects, behavioral structure table carries out function to the mapping of structure, obtains
To concept structure space.
Function and scientific effects correspond to table (part)
Calculate structural junction s (k, ik, jB k) and design specification DS the degree of correlation, to structure carry out preliminary assessment.Due toSo s (k, ik, jB k) be consistent with design specification DS, structure mapping success.
Draw concept space AND/OR arborescences, it follows that structure-parts arborescence completes function reflecting to structure
It penetrates.Tree-like the results are shown in Figure 3 for structure mapping and part.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of based on the product demand of effect to structure mapping method, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：
Step 1. demand classification screens, and specifically includes following steps：
1-1. is for user demand CR1, CR2, CR3... CRi, opposite problem is set for each demand, investigation product has or do not have
The desired value of user when standby a certain attribute；
1-2. obtains type A, O, M, I, R, the Q of each demand, and type assigns accordingly according to demand according to two-dimentional evaluation table
Weighted value；
The processing of step 2. demand, specifically includes following steps：
2-1. pays the utmost attention to the larger requirement item of user demand importance, analyzes it classification, and abstraction function type demand,
Requirement unit is compared two-by-two, relative importance evaluation is provided, fills in correlation matrix；
2-2. obtains each requirement unit correlation significance level two-by-two, establishes n rank requirement unit weight matrix R；Structure is special
Sign vector, and consistency check is carried out, so that it is met coherence request；
Step 3. specifically includes following steps based on the demand of effect to power and energy：
3-1. analyzes demand, establishes the knowledge model CR={ V, P, E, AE } based on effect, and wherein AE refers to actively
Entity sets, E refer to action effect or principle set, and P refers to passive entity sets, and V refers to behavior or the state change of passive entity
Set；
3-2. models according to demand establish the functional knowledge model FR={ V, P, E, AE } based on effect；
Function- behavior- structure mapping of the step 4. based on effect, specifically includes following steps：
4-1. carries out function to the mapping of structure, obtains concept structure according to functional effect table, effect behavior table, behavioral structure table
Space；
4-2. calculates i-th that behavior concentration j-th of node mapping of kth layer to structure collection kth layer is obtainedkA structural junction s (k,
ik, jB k) and design specification DS the degree of correlation, to structure carry out preliminary assessment；
4-3. draws concept space AND/OR arborescences, it follows that structure-parts arborescence completes function reflecting to structure
It penetrates.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the product demand of effect to structure mapping method, it is characterised in that：
When there are multiple users to participate in investigation, the selection number of effective questionnaire and all types of demands is counted, according to formula AIi=nA
×A+nO×O+nM×M+nI×I+nR×R+nQ× Q calculates the absolutely essential degree of requirement item, wherein AIiIndicate that i-th of user needs
The absolutely essential degree asked, nA, nO, nM, nI, nR, nQThe number of all types of demands is indicated respectively；
The absolutely essential degree of gained is normalized to obtain relative Link Importance k according to following formulai,
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| CN110516808A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-11-29 | 广东省智能制造研究所 | A kind of creation method of Knowledge Representation Model |
| CN110414681A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-05 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of perception engineering product knowledge base method for building up |
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