CN104914440B - A kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method for merging dynamic aperture - Google Patents
A kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method for merging dynamic aperture Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
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- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
- G01S15/8997—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using synthetic aperture techniques
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method for merging dynamic aperture；The method uses calculation matrix of the delta matrixes as compressive sensing theory in ultrasonic beam synthesis system first, then cosine transform matrix is selected as the sparse matrix of compressive sensing theory, dynamic aperture technology is organically blended with the calculation matrix of compressive sensing theory, the compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method of fusion dynamic aperture is realized；The present invention can reduce the burden that high sampling rate comes to ultrasonic image-forming system data sampling, transmission, storage tape, make it possible the ultrasonoscopy of acquisition longitudinal resolution high；And the introducing of dynamic aperture technology also further increases the openness of ultrasound echo signal, reduces sampled data output, improves the lateral resolution of near-field region ultrasonoscopy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultrasonic imaging technique field, and in particular to a kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam of fusion dynamic aperture
Synthetic method.
Background technology
In ultrasonic image-forming system, in order to improve the longitudinal frame of ultrasonoscopy typically by improving the sample rate of system
To realize.But high sampling rate carrys out great burden can to data acquisition, storage and the transmission belt of ultrasonic hardware system.Compressed sensing is managed
Pointed out by (Compressive sensing, CS), when signal possesses openness in itself or on certain transform domain, can be with
By the full detail for solving optimization problem reconstruction signal from a small amount of sampled data.In ultrasonic image-forming system, aperture is bigger
When, the main lobe of Beam synthesis will be narrower, and secondary lobe also will be lower.But near field region, aperture is bigger, and the angle of flare of wave beam is also bigger,
Imaging resolution is poorer.Rationally effective dynamic aperture control technology, can reduce the redundant data of near field receiving channel, strengthen
Ultrasound echo signal it is openness.
The content of the invention
In consideration of it, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method for merging dynamic aperture.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, a kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic wave for merging dynamic aperture
Beam synthetic method, comprises the following steps：
1) according to formulaFocus point is calculated in depth FkThe battle array of lower unlatching
First number Nk, the N near center array element is opened under respective depthkIndividual array element, wherein bkRepresent FkLocate corresponding beam angle,
The response complex amplitude of ultrasonic probe i array elements is represented,Calculating super between point and focus when representing i array element Beam synthesis
Acoustic phase is poor, k=1, and 2,3 ..., m represents the ordinal number of focus point；
2) using delta matrixes as compressed sensing calculation matrix, and realize that ultrasonic echo is believed by ' 0 ', ' the 1 ' of its inside
Number nonuniform sampling control, obtain low-dimensional ultrasound compressed sensing measurement signal y；
3) sparse matrix of N × N-dimensional is chosen, N represents the sampling length of ultrasound echo signal；
4) according to the ultrasound echo signal of the actual measurement of ultrasonic image-forming system, it is determined that ultrasonic echo during actual non-homogeneous measurement
Mathematical Modeling y=Θ S+e, Θ=Φ Ψ of signal, wherein, y ∈ CM×1It is the ultrasound echo signal of actual nonuniform sampling, Θ
∈CM×N(M<<N it is) to perceive matrix, Φ ∈ CM×NIt is calculation matrix, Ψ ∈ CN×NIt is sparse matrix, S ∈ CN×1For ultrasonic echo is believed
Number sparse signal, e ∈ CN×1It is noise item；
5) by solving optimization problemThe rarefaction representation of ultrasound echo signal is obtained,
Wherein μ is the cross-correlation coefficient of calculation matrix Φ, l11 norm is represented, higher-dimension ultrasonic signal is then obtained by sparse matrix Ψ
Reconstruction signal
6) ultrasound echo signal to reconstructingCarry out Beam synthesis, obtain ultrasonic beam composite signal.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the present invention has the advantage that：
The invention discloses a kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method for merging dynamic aperture；The method is used first
Calculation matrix of the delta matrixes as compressive sensing theory in ultrasonic image-forming system, then from cosine transform matrix (DCT)
As the sparse matrix of compressive sensing theory, application of the compressive sensing theory in ultrasonic image-forming system is realized, on this basis,
This method blends dynamic aperture technology with the calculation matrix of compressive sensing theory, realizes the compression sense of fusion dynamic aperture
Know ultrasonic beam composition algorithm.The present invention can reduce high sampling rate and come to ultrasonic image-forming system data sampling, transmission, storage tape
Heavy burden, make it possible the ultrasonoscopy of longitudinal resolution high under acquisition high sampling rate；In addition, dynamic aperture incorporates
The openness of ultrasound echo signal is further increased, sampled data output is reduced, the horizontal stroke of near-field region ultrasonoscopy is improve
To resolution ratio.
Brief description of the drawings
In order that the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is made into
The detailed description of one step, wherein：
Fig. 1 is a kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method flow chart for merging dynamic aperture of the present invention；
Fig. 2 gives the principle schematic that dynamic aperture technology pore size changes with investigation depth；
Fig. 3 gives the compressed sensing sampling schematic diagram based on delta matrixes；
Fig. 4 (a), (b) sets forth compressed sensing stochastical sampling full aperture and dynamic aperture array element control method is illustrated
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail；It should be appreciated that preferred embodiment
Only for the explanation present invention, rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention provides a kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method for merging dynamic aperture, for traditional high sampling rate
Under ultrasonic beam composition algorithm improved, comprise the following steps：
(1) according to formulaFocus point is calculated in depth FkLower unlatching
Array number Nk；By investigation depth FkIt is converted into the corresponding sampled point ordinal number S of ultrasound echo signalk；By real-time monitoring ultrasonic echo
The sampling number of signal, when sampling number n is equal to SkWhen, increase is close to the unlatching number of center array element, wherein bkRepresent FkPlace's correspondence
Beam angle,The response complex amplitude of ultrasonic probe i array elements is represented,Point is being calculated when representing i array element Beam synthesis
Ultrasonic wave phase difference between focus, k=1,2,3 ..., m represents the ordinal number of focus point；
(2) according to given compression ratio p, survey of the M × N-dimensional delta matrixes as compressed sensing ultrasonic image-forming system is chosen
Moment matrix, wherein M=pN；It is then turned on all dynamic apertures battle array under element " 1 " correspondence sampled signal in delta matrixes
Unit, closes all array elements under the corresponding sampled signal of element " 0 " in delta matrixes.
(3) the higher-dimension ultrasound echo signal x under the traditional sampling mode based on Nyquist sampling thheorems, sampling length are calculated
Degree N, N × N-dimensional transformation matrix Ψ is used as sparse matrix for design, and specific transform method is carried out as the following formula：
Ψ is an orthogonal matrix, ΨTIt is the transposed matrix of Ψ, and has ΨTΨ=E, E are unit matrix.
(4) the Mathematical Modeling y of ideally compressed sensing measurement signal y is set up1=φ x=φ Ψ S=Θ S；And
Compressed sensing measurement signal y1Middle addition noise item e, the Mathematical Modeling y=Θ S of measurement signal y when setting up actual non-homogeneous measurement
+e；Wherein y ∈ CM×1It is the ultrasound echo signal of actual nonuniform sampling, Θ ∈ CM×N(M<<N it is) to perceive matrix, Φ ∈ CM×N
It is calculation matrix, Ψ ∈ CN×NIt is sparse matrix, S ∈ CN×1It is the sparse signal of ultrasound echo signal, e ∈ CN×1It is noise item；
(5) by solving optimization problemObtain the rarefaction representation of ultrasound echo signalWherein μ is the cross-correlation coefficient of calculation matrix Φ, l11 norm is represented, higher-dimension ultrasound letter is then obtained by sparse matrix Ψ
Number reconstruction signal
Wherein μ is the cross-correlation coefficient of calculation matrix Φ, is calculated as follows：
Wherein,It is the column vector of calculation matrix Φ, in above formulaRepresentModulus after inner product, i, j
Represent the integer of 1~N.
Then the accurate or approximate reconstruction signal of raw ultrasound echo-signal is obtained by sparse matrix Ψ
Wherein
(6) ultrasound echo signal to reconstructingEnter line delay superposition ripple Shu Hecheng as the following formula, obtain super after time delay superposition
Beam of sound composite signal；
Wherein SDASN () is ultrasonic beam composite signal, i represents array element ordinal number, and n represents sampling number, N1Represent what is focused on
Ultrasound element sum, r represents the distance between focus point and the sensor array origin of coordinates, and c represents ultrasonic velocity, τiRepresent phase
The focusing time delay applied to No. i-th array element to array element in the middle of sensor array, fsRepresent the sample rate of converter.
Fig. 1 is the compressed sensing ultrasonic beam composition algorithm flow chart for merging dynamic aperture, to ultrasound echo signal pressure
Contracting perceives sample phase application dynamic aperture technology, and the calculation matrix in dynamic aperture technology and compressive sensing theory is carried out
Organically blend, sensing reconstructing then is compressed by duty Optimization to the non-homogeneous signal for obtaining that measures, then will
Higher-dimension ultrasonic echo after reconstruct carries out the processing procedures such as Beam synthesis, quadrature demodulation and log-compressed and is imaged, and forms one
The complete ultrasonoscopy of width.
Fig. 2 is dynamic aperture know-why schematic diagram, and the effective aperture number that dynamic aperture technology is opened increases with investigation depth
Plus and gradually increase, until fully open.In whole search coverage, dynamic aperture technology can keep the beam angle of sound field
It is constant.
Fig. 3 is three kinds of schematic diagrames of compressed sensing stochastical sampling, and the stochastical sampling mode is in scanning direction and investigation depth
On sampled point all have randomness.When the sample mode is realized with delta matrixes, the corresponding delta matrixes of every scan line
Differ, but dimension is identical.The application of compressive sensing theory, reduces the focusing delay parameter of ultrasonic image-forming system, reduces
Requirement of the high sampling rate to ultrasonic image-forming system hardware
Fig. 4 gives compressed sensing stochastical sampling full aperture and dynamic aperture array element control method schematic diagram, works as sampled point
Signal represents the signal sampling when being " 1 ", sonac array element is opened；When sampled point signal is " 0 ", the sampling is represented
Point signal is rejected, and sonac array element passage is closed.Fig. 4 (b) incorporates dynamic aperture technology, sampled signal " 0 " place whole
Close, the corresponding unlatching array number N in center array element place under respective depth is opened at sampled signal " 1 " placek.Dynamic aperture technology
Using, further mitigate data storage and be transferred to the burden that ultrasonic image-forming system brings, increase the sparse of sampled signal
Property, it is favorably improved the precision of compressed sensing reconstruction signal.In addition, the application of dynamic aperture technology reduces the side of ultrasonoscopy
Valve grade, improves ultrasonograph quality.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, it is clear that those skilled in the art
Member can carry out various changes and modification without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention to the present invention.So, if of the invention
These modifications and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies, then the present invention is also intended to comprising these
Including change and modification.
Claims (6)
1. it is a kind of merge dynamic aperture compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) according to formulaFocus point is calculated in depth FkThe array number of lower unlatching
Nk, the N near center array element is opened under respective depthkIndividual array element, wherein bkRepresent FkLocate corresponding beam angle,Represent super
The response complex amplitude of sonic probe i array elements, Δ φiThe ultrasonic wave between point and focus is being calculated when representing i array element Beam synthesis
Phase difference, k=1,2,3 ..., m represents the ordinal number of focus point；
2) using delta matrixes as compressed sensing calculation matrix, and ultrasound echo signal is realized by ' 0 ', ' 1 ' inside it
Nonuniform sampling is controlled, and obtains low-dimensional ultrasound compressed sensing measurement signal y1；
3) sparse matrix of N × N-dimensional is chosen, N represents the sampling length of ultrasound echo signal；
4) according to the ultrasound echo signal of the actual measurement of ultrasonic image-forming system, it is determined that the ultrasound echo signal of actual nonuniform sampling
Mathematical Modeling y=Θ S+e, Θ=Φ Ψ, wherein, y ∈ CM×1It is the ultrasound echo signal of actual nonuniform sampling, Θ ∈ CM ×N, M<<N is to perceive matrix, Φ ∈ CM×NIt is calculation matrix, Ψ ∈ CN×NIt is sparse matrix, S ∈ CN×1It is ultrasound echo signal
Sparse signal, e ∈ CN×1It is noise item；
5) by solving optimization problemObtain the rarefaction representation of ultrasound echo signalWherein μ is the cross-correlation coefficient of calculation matrix Φ, l11 norm is represented, higher-dimension ultrasound letter is then obtained by sparse matrix Ψ
Number reconstruction signal
6) to the reconstruction signal of higher-dimension ultrasonic signalBeam synthesis are carried out, ultrasonic beam composite signal is obtained.
2. it is according to claim 1 fusion dynamic aperture compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method, it is characterised in that：Institute
State step 1) specifically include following sub-step：
11) according to formulaFocus point is calculated in depth FkUnder open
The array number N for openingk；
12) according to formulaBy depth FkIt is converted into the corresponding sampled point ordinal number S of ultrasound echo signalk, wherein fsIt is AD
The sample frequency of converter, c is the meter per second of spread speed 1540 of ultrasonic wave；
13) by the sampling number of real-time monitoring ultrasound echo signal, when sampling number n is equal to SkWhen, will be close to center array element
Open number and increase to Nk。
3. it is according to claim 1 fusion dynamic aperture compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method, it is characterised in that：Institute
State step 2) in specifically include following sub-step：
21) according to given compression ratio p, measurement square of the M × N-dimensional delta matrixes as compressed sensing ultrasonic image-forming system is chosen
Battle array, wherein M=pN；
22) all dynamic aperture array elements in unlatching delta matrixes under element " 1 " correspondence sampled signal, close in delta matrixes
All array elements under the corresponding sampled signal of element " 0 ".
4. it is according to claim 1 fusion dynamic aperture compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method, it is characterised in that：Institute
State step 3) specifically include following sub-step：
31) the higher-dimension ultrasound echo signal x based on Nyquist sampling thheorems is calculated, using N × N-dimensional transformation matrix Ψ as sparse
Matrix, specific transform method is carried out as the following formula：
Ψ is an orthogonal matrix, ΨTIt is the transposed matrix of Ψ, and has ΨTΨ=E, E are unit matrix.
5. it is according to claim 1 fusion dynamic aperture compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method, it is characterised in that：Institute
State step 4) specifically include following sub-step：
41) ideally low-dimensional ultrasound compressed sensing measurement signal y is set up1Mathematical Modeling y1=Φ x=Φ Ψ S=Θ S, x
Represent higher-dimension ultrasound echo signal；
42) in low-dimensional ultrasound compressed sensing measurement signal y1Middle addition noise item e, sets up the ultrasonic echo of actual nonuniform sampling
The Mathematical Modeling y=Θ S+e of signal y.
6. it is according to claim 1 fusion dynamic aperture compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method, it is characterised in that：Institute
State step 6) specifically include following sub-step：
61) ultrasound echo signal to reconstructingEnter line delay superposition ripple Shu Hecheng as the following formula, obtain the ultrasonic wave after time delay superposition
Beam composite signal；
Wherein, SDASN () is ultrasonic beam composite signal, i represents array element ordinal number, and n represents sampling number, N1Represent the ultrasound for focusing on
Array element sum, r represents the distance between focus point and the sensor array origin of coordinates, and c represents ultrasonic velocity, τiRepresent relative to pass
The focusing time delay that array element is applied to No. i-th array element in the middle of sensor array, fsRepresent the sample frequency of converter.
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| CN105738885B (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2018-04-24 | 江苏大学 | The method and circuit that stream of pulses is formed in a kind of ultrasonic signal sparse sampling |
| CN107257242B (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2021-07-09 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Real-time processing method for dynamic signals of inertial sensor |
| CN111337579A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-26 | 南开大学 | Ultrasonic super-resolution imaging device based on compressed sensing |
| CN110441398B (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2022-03-18 | 复旦大学 | Synthetic aperture ultrasonic imaging method based on multilayer medium sound velocity model |
| CN111694004B (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2023-08-29 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Method and device for beam synthesis |
| CN111722233A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-29 | 重庆大学 | Compressed sensing ultrasonic imaging method based on deterministic measurement matrix |
| CN111835362B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2024-02-23 | 重庆大学 | Compressed sensing ultrasonic imaging method based on orthogonal basis linear representation measurement matrix |
| CN113804591B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2023-05-12 | 南昌航空大学 | High-dimensional ultrasonic evaluation method for nickel-based alloy grain size |
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| CN1307427C (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2007-03-28 | 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 | Beam synthesizer and synthetic method based on linear interpolation |
| CN101893705B (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2013-02-27 | 重庆大学 | Control method of dynamic aperture based on ultrasonic imaging system |
| US8545406B2 (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2013-10-01 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Dynamic aperture control and normalization for apodization in beamforming |
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