CN104907088A - Method for preparing transition metal sulfide/sulfur-nitrogen co-doped carbon composite material - Google Patents
Method for preparing transition metal sulfide/sulfur-nitrogen co-doped carbon composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN104907088A CN104907088A CN201510220086.3A CN201510220086A CN104907088A CN 104907088 A CN104907088 A CN 104907088A CN 201510220086 A CN201510220086 A CN 201510220086A CN 104907088 A CN104907088 A CN 104907088A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a transition metal sulfide/sulfur-nitrogen co-doped carbon composite material, and belongs to the composite material preparation technical field. A transition metal hydroxide or a transition metal carbonate and aminobenzenesulfonic acid are dissolved in deionized water and subjected to a dissolution reaction to form a transparent solution, water is evaporated to obtain a precursor, and then the transition metal sulfide/sulfur-nitrogen co-doped carbon composite material is obtained by high temperature calcination of the precursor at an inert atmosphere. The method has the advantages that an adopted sulfur source is aminobenzenesulfonic acid, and a sulfonate group has good stability, low toxicity and high safety, so that the preparation process of the transition metal sulfide/sulfur-nitrogen co-doped carbon composite material is safe and environmentally friendly; in addition, aminobenzenesulfonic acid is used as the sulfur source, a carbon source and a nitrogen source simultaneously, so that the preparation process of the transition metal sulfide/sulfur-nitrogen co-doped carbon composite material is extremely simplified.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of composite preparation, particularly relate to the preparation method of a kind of transient metal sulfide/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite.
Background technology
Energy problem is the key subjects of 21 century, not only causes significant impact to ecological environment to depending on unduly of non-renewable fossil energy, also there is serious impact to global economic development.Therefore, in the urgent need to developing various efficient and eco-friendly power conversion and storage (ECS) device.Typical ECS device comprises fuel cell, solar cell, Optical Electro-Chemistry hydrogen production by water decomposition, lithium ion battery and ultracapacitor etc., and the character of electrode material determines the performance of these devices to a great extent.
Transient metal sulfide has boundless application prospect in ECS device, and transient metal sulfide and material with carbon element are compounded with the lifting being beneficial to its performance, therefore transient metal sulfide/carbon composite are prepared and performance study has very important significance.The preparation method of transient metal sulfide/carbon composite comprises solid phase method, vapor phase method and liquid phase method.The sulphur source that these preparation methods adopt mainly contains thiocarbamide, hydrogen sulfide, vulcanized sodium, sodium thiosulfate, containing the organic molecule etc. of-SH, but they have the problems such as unstability, toxicity or danger.
Therefore, develop a kind of simple and rapid method adopting stable, low toxicity and security sulphur source to prepare transient metal sulfide/carbon composite and there is very important value.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the preparation method of a kind of transient metal sulfide/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite.Transition metal hydroxide or transition metal carbonate and aminobenzenesulfonic acid are dissolved in deionized water, solubilizing reaction is to forming clear solution, transpiring moisture obtains presoma, and then high-temperature roasting obtains transient metal sulfide/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite under an inert atmosphere.Concrete technology step is:
(1) be 1:1.8 ~ 1:2.2 according to the ratio of the amount of substance of transition metal and aminobenzenesulfonic acid, the ratio of the amount of substance of transition metal and deionized water is 1:100 ~ 1:1000, takes transistion metal compound, aminobenzenesulfonic acid and deionized water; Within 0.5 ~ 24 hour, obtain the amino phenyl sulfonyl hydrochlorate clear solution of transition metal at 20 ~ 80 DEG C of stirring reactions after transistion metal compound, aminobenzenesulfonic acid and deionized water being mixed; Dry presoma is obtained by after clear solution drying.Wherein, transistion metal compound is the one in transition metal oxide, transition metal hydroxide or transition metal carbonate, includes but not limited to MnO, CoO, NiO, ZnO, Mn (OH)
2, Co (OH)
2, Ni (OH)
2, Zn (OH)
2, MnCO
3, CoCO
3, NiCO
3, ZnCO
3in one; Aminobenzenesulfonic acid is the one in o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid or p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid; Drying means is the one in vacuum drying, spraying dry or freeze drying.
(2) the dry presoma that step (1) obtains is placed in tube furnace, passes into N
2or Ar is as protection gas, obtains transient metal sulfide/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite under certain roasting condition.Wherein, described roasting condition includes but not limited to following two schemes: (i) is with ramp to 400 ~ 600 of 1 ~ 10 DEG C/min DEG C and constant temperature 1 ~ 10 hour, then with ramp to 600 ~ 1000 of 1 ~ 10 DEG C/min DEG C and constant temperature 0.5 ~ 5 hour, then room temperature is naturally cooled to; (ii) with ramp to 400 ~ 1000 of 1 ~ 10 DEG C/min DEG C and constant temperature 1 ~ 10 hour, then room temperature is naturally cooled to.
The chemical composition of the transient metal sulfide utilizing said method to prepare/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite is: transient metal sulfide accounts for 30 ~ 45 quality %, and sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon accounts for 55 ~ 70 quality %.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) figure of Fig. 1 shows that product of the present invention is typical Co
9s
8, do not occur other impurity phases, and crystal formation is good.Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) photo of Fig. 2 shows Co
9s
8in Nanoparticulate, sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon is threadiness, Co
9s
8nano particle by sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon fiber winding, forms a kind of three-dimensional net structure.S 1s x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) test result of Fig. 3 shows, S atom does not exist only in Co
9s
8in, also doping enters carbon structure.The N 1s XPS test result of Fig. 4 shows, the doped structure of nitrogen-atoms in carbon mainly pyridine nitrogen and quaternary nitrogen.
Feature of the present invention and advantage are: adopt aminobenzenesulfonic acid as sulphur source, sulfonate radical has high stability, hypotoxicity and high security, makes the transient metal sulfide/safe preparation process of sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite, environmental protection; In addition, aminobenzenesulfonic acid, simultaneously as sulphur source, Carbon and nitrogen sources, greatly simplifies the preparation process of transient metal sulfide/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The Co that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention 1
9s
8the XRD spectra of/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite.Abscissa is angle 2 θ, and unit is: degree (°); Ordinate is diffracted intensity, and unit is: absolute unit (a.u.).
The Co that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention 1
9s
8the FESEM photo of/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite.
The Co that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention 1
9s
8the S 1s XPS spectrum figure of/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite.
The Co that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention 1
9s
8the N 1s XPS spectrum figure of/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite.
The Co that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present invention 2
9s
8the FESEM photo of/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite.
The Co that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention 1
9s
8/ sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite is at the cyclic voltammetry curve of electrode surface generation oxygen reduction reaction.
The Co that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the present invention 1
9s
8/ sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite is at the linear sweep voltammetry curve of electrode surface generation oxygen reduction reaction.
Detailed description of the invention:
Embodiment 1
Take 0.4758g CoCO
3aminobenzenesulfonic acid m-with 1.3855g, is scattered in 40mL deionized water, within 24 hours, obtains clear solution 30 DEG C of stirrings; Clear solution is obtained dry presoma in 24 hours 50 DEG C of vacuum drying.Then, obtained presoma is placed in tube furnace, passes into N
2as protection gas, with the ramp to 500 of 3 DEG C/min DEG C and constant temperature 5 hours, then with the ramp to 800 of 3 DEG C/min DEG C and constant temperature 2 hours, then naturally cool to room temperature, obtain Co
9s
8/ sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite.
Co
9s
8the XRD spectra of/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite is as shown in Figure 1, consistent with ICDD/JCPDSPDF#65-6801 standard spectrogram, do not occur other impurity phases, and crystal formation is good.Co
9s
8the field emission scanning electron microscope photo of/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite as shown in Figure 2.As can be seen from Figure 2, Co
9s
8/ sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite is random block materials, Co
9s
8in Nanoparticulate, sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon is threadiness, Co
9s
8nano particle by sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon fiber winding, forms a kind of three-dimensional net structure.S 1s x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) test result of Fig. 3 shows, S atom does not exist only in Co
9s
8, also doping enters carbon structure.The N 1s XPS test result of Fig. 4 shows, the doped structure of nitrogen-atoms in carbon mainly pyridine nitrogen and quaternary nitrogen.
Embodiment 2
Take 0.3717g Co (OH)
2aminobenzenesulfonic acid m-with 1.2466g, is scattered in 70mL deionized water, within 12 hours, obtains clear solution 40 DEG C of stirrings; Carry out spraying dry at clear solution is 170 DEG C with inlet temperature and obtain dry presoma.Then, obtained presoma is placed in tube furnace, passes into N
2as protection gas, with the ramp to 800 of 5 DEG C/min DEG C and constant temperature 3 hours, then naturally cool to room temperature, obtain Co
9s
8/ sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite.
Co
9s
8the FESEM photo of/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite as shown in Figure 5.As can be seen from Figure 5, Co
9s
8/ sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite is regular spherical, Co
9s
8in Nanoparticulate, sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon is threadiness, Co
9s
8nano particle by sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon fiber winding, forms a kind of structure being similar to knitting wool ball.
Embodiment 3
Take 0.4598g MnCO
3aminobenzenesulfonic acid p-with 1.5241g, is scattered in 10mL deionized water, within 3 hours, obtains clear solution 60 DEG C of stirrings; Clear solution is obtained dry presoma in 24 hours-50 DEG C of freeze dryings.Then, obtained presoma is placed in tube furnace, passes into N
2as protection gas, with the ramp to 500 of 8 DEG C/min DEG C and constant temperature 8 hours, then naturally cool to room temperature, obtain the sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite of MnS/.
Embodiment 4
Take 0.3684g Ni (OH)
2aminobenzenesulfonic acid o-with 1.4452g, is scattered in 50mL deionized water, within 1 hour, obtains clear solution 80 DEG C of stirrings; Clear solution is obtained dry presoma in 12 hours 60 DEG C of vacuum drying.Then, obtained presoma is placed in tube furnace, passes into Ar as protection gas; with the ramp to 400 of 6 DEG C/min DEG C and constant temperature 2 hours; then with the ramp to 900 of 2 DEG C/min DEG C and constant temperature 4 hours, then naturally cool to room temperature, obtain Ni
9s
8/ sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite.
Embodiment 5
Take the m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid of 0.3256g ZnO and 1.3264g, be scattered in 60mL deionized water, within 6 hours, obtain clear solution 50 DEG C of stirrings; Carry out spraying dry at being 150 DEG C with inlet temperature and obtain dry presoma.Then, obtained presoma is placed in tube furnace, passes into Ar as protection gas, with the ramp to 900 of 2 DEG C/min DEG C and constant temperature 5 hours, then naturally cool to room temperature, obtain the sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite of ZnS/.
In order to verify the hydrogen reduction electrocatalysis characteristic of transient metal sulfide/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite that the above embodiment of the present invention provides further, below choose above-described embodiment 1 gained Co
9s
8/ sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite load at electrode surface, and tests its electrochemical oxygen reduction reactivity.Its step is followed successively by:
Preparation work electrode: first by 7mg Co
9s
8/ sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite powder is dispersed in the mixed solution of 0.15mL deionized water, 0.3mL isopropyl alcohol and 0.05mL 5wt.%Nafion; Ultrasonic for above-mentioned mixed solution 60 minutes are obtained uniformly containing Co
9s
8the dark solution of/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite; Get the 14mg mL of 7 μ L
-1co
9s
8/ sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite dispersant liquid drop is with Al
2o
3on polished 5mm glass-carbon electrode, natural drying.
Experiment condition is arranged: on electrochemical workstation, uses three-electrode system.Adopt saturated calomel electrode (SCE) and platinum line as reference electrode with to electrode, conveniently, current potential is all converted into relative to reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE).At 0.1mol L
-1kOH electrolyte solution in carry out cyclic voltammetric (CV) test and rotating disk electrode (r.d.e) test.Before test, electrolyte solution leads to nitrogen or oxygen at least 30 minutes.Cyclic voltammetry in 0.1V to-0.7V (vs.SCE) potential range with 50mV s
-1speed of sweeping carry out.The test of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curve of rotating disk electrode (r.d.e) at 0.1V to-0.7V (vs.SCE), with 5mV s under 400 ~ 2500 revs/min of rotating speeds
-1speed of sweeping carry out.
Fig. 6 is the 0.1mol L that nitrogen is saturated and oxygen is saturated
-1cV curve in KOH solution, as can be seen from the figure, when being full of nitrogen in solution, CV curve does not have characteristic peak to occur.When solution is full of oxygen, CV curve goes out to see a negative electrode peak clearly at 0.79V (vs.RHE), and this peak is the peak of oxygen reduction, shows that sulfur and nitrogen co-doped multi-stage porous Graphene has catalytic activity to oxygen.Fig. 7 is under different rotating speeds, Co
9s
8the LSV test of/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite.LSV shows current density and increases along with the increase of rotating speed, this is because diffusion length shortens at high speed, in addition, this sulfur and nitrogen co-doped multi-stage porous graphene nanometer sheet has high half wave potential and Limited diffusion current density, shows that it has excellent hydrogen reduction electrocatalysis characteristic.
Found by the transient metal sulfide/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite chemical property checking provided the above embodiment of the present invention, this Co
9s
8/ sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite has excellent oxygen reduction catalytic activity, and the methanol tolerance showing excellence poisons and stability.
Above-mentioned example is citing of the present invention, although disclose most preferred embodiment of the present invention and accompanying drawing for the purpose of illustration, but not for limiting the present invention, any those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, various replacement, change and amendment are all possible.Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the content disclosed in most preferred embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Claims (6)
1. a preparation method for transient metal sulfide/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite, it is characterized in that, processing step is as follows:
(1) be 1:1.8 ~ 1:2.2 according to the ratio of the amount of substance of transition metal and aminobenzenesulfonic acid, the ratio of the amount of substance of transition metal and deionized water is 1:100 ~ 1:1000, takes transistion metal compound, aminobenzenesulfonic acid and deionized water; Within 0.5 ~ 24 hour, obtain the amino phenyl sulfonyl hydrochlorate clear solution of transition metal at 20 ~ 80 DEG C of stirring reactions after transistion metal compound, aminobenzenesulfonic acid and deionized water being mixed; Dry presoma is obtained by after clear solution drying;
(2) the dry presoma that step (1) obtains is placed in tube furnace, passes into N
2or Ar is as protection gas, obtains transient metal sulfide/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite under certain roasting condition.
2. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, transistion metal compound described in step (1) is the one in transition metal oxide, transition metal hydroxide or transition metal carbonate, include but not limited to MnO, CoO, NiO, ZnO, Mn (OH)
2, Co (OH)
2, Ni (OH)
2, Zn (OH)
2, MnCO
3, CoCO
3, NiCO
3, ZnCO
3in one.
3. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, aminobenzenesulfonic acid described in step (1) is the one in o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid or p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, drying means described in step (1) is the one in vacuum drying, spraying dry or freeze drying.
5. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in step (2), roasting condition includes but not limited to following two schemes:
With ramp to 400 ~ 600 of 1 ~ 10 DEG C/min DEG C and constant temperature 1 ~ 10 hour, then with ramp to 600 ~ 1000 of 1 ~ 10 DEG C/min DEG C and constant temperature 0.5 ~ 5 hour, then naturally cool to room temperature;
Or with ramp to 400 ~ 1000 of 1 ~ 10 DEG C/min DEG C and constant temperature 1 ~ 10 hour, then naturally cool to room temperature.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the chemical composition of described transient metal sulfide/sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite is: transient metal sulfide accounts for 30 ~ 45 quality %, and sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon accounts for 55 ~ 70 quality %.
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