CN104906970A - Light-transmitting, breathable and static electricity repellent PM2.5 air filter membrane and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Light-transmitting, breathable and static electricity repellent PM2.5 air filter membrane and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a light-transmitting, breathable and static electricity repellent PM2.5 air filter membrane and the preparation method thereof. The air filter membrane is characterized by being provided with at least one layer of non-woven fabric base material or screen net and at least one layer of ultrathin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer. The preparation method comprises the steps of impregnating the non-woven fabric base material, the screen net or the ultrathin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer in a tourmaline nano-particle containing suspension or spraying the tourmaline-containing nano particle suspension on the on-woven fabric base material, the screen net or the ultrathin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer and drying, wherein the mass percentage of tourmaline nano particles in the suspension is 1-30%, the suspension further comprises a bonding agent, so that the tourmaline nano particles can be wrapped on the surface of the non-woven fabric base material, the screen net or the ultrathin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer. The air filter membrane applied in a window screen is prepared by adopting the nano fiber technique and electrostatic repulsion and fine particulate matter PM2.5 is guaranteed to be blocked outside when a window is opened for ventilation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of air-filtering membrane, particularly disclose a kind of printing opacity, ventilative, high efficiency electrostatic repels air filtration composite membrane of PM2.5 and preparation method thereof, belong to air filtration technical field of membrane.
Background technology
From the sandstorm before 10 years to the haze of today, air pollution problems inherent annoyings tens00000000 Chinese always, and causes various disease therefrom and comprise: the respiratory diseases such as asthma, respiratory tract infection, lung cancer.Healthy to the people, especially more weak to the immunocompetence such as children and the elderly colony, causes extremely serious impact, is directly connected to national economy.In recent years, haze weather, almost throughout national 20 Duo Ge provinces, cities and autonomous regions, each did not continue 10 to 20 days not etc., brought huge negative effect, even threat to life to the life of people.Although government strengthens dynamics to environmental improvement and control, but, even if the today developed rapidly in science and technology, the problems such as haze are still felt simply helpless, lack effective scientific and technical means and thoroughly solve air pollution problems inherent.
The basic composition of haze is of a size of 1 nanometer to particle (PM), nitrogen oxide, the compound such as sulfur dioxide and organic hydrocarbon of 100 microns.Its main source is the imperfect combustion of the fuel such as vehicle exhaust, coal, factory and road and the soil texture loosen the airborne dust etc. caused.Solid particulate matter in haze not only itself sucks respiratory system and can deposit harmful, and the carrier of the noxious material such as aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal especially.
As far back as the latter stage nineties, Donaldson company of the U.S. just adopts electrostatic spinning nano fiber technology, is spun in polyester non-woven fabric by nylon electrostatic spinning nano fiber.Along with becoming better and approaching perfection day by day and maturation of Static Spinning technology, increasing achievement in research concentrates in the filter efficiency of raising electrostatic spinning nano fiber purification of air film.Spin the Nylon-6(Nylon-46 on fiber air filter medium, Nylon-66, Nylon-610) electrostatic spinning nano fiber, its diameter range can be regulated to 500 nanometers by 60 nanometers, the particle of more than 1 micron is had to the obstruction rate of 100%, resistance pressure drop even the NaCl aerosol particle of 300 ~ 500 nanometers also had to the rejection of about 99.5%, although can be elevated to 144Pa.Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is also used to prepare air-filtering membrane, NaCl aerosol particle is had to the rejection of 97%, and its resistance pressure drop has reached 750 Pa.More domestic research institutions and institution of higher learning researcher have also studied and have adopted electrostatic spinning to make nanofiber for the filtrate of mouth mask, form mouth mask filtering material as Chinese patent application CN103520999A, CN103445329A, CN203467712U, CN102920067A, CN102872654A, CN102872653A etc. have studied nanofiber to be combined as filter course with supporter.
For the problem that present haze is serious, using efficient air purifier to realize while most indoor protection methods all adopts door and window to close, simultaneously for reaching the object of air circulation, coordinating VMC.This cover system itself can work really efficiently, but common residential building seldom can install VMC, just must ensure that door and window closes like this when use air purifier, of long duration unfavorable to the health of human body.
Tourmaline is also Tourmaline.Tourmaline appears at China and obtains when 644 years Christian eras, Tang Taizong levied western, is referred to as " tourmaline ", Tourmaline chemical composition more complicated, is a kind of based on boracic, also containing the Silicate Rocks mineral of the elements such as aluminium, sodium, iron, magnesium, lithium.Tourmaline is found in Sri Lanka the earliest, and it should be noted that this jewel can bring electric charge when being heated, this phenomenon is called pyroelectric effect, therefore tourmaline of gaining the name.The tourmaline powder of purifying through processing has higher anion generation and far infrared transmissivity.
Tourmaline is with permanent electrode, and this is the characteristic that on the earth, other crystal does not have.Ultra-fine tourmaline particulate small-sized, as an electric dipole, tourmaline crystal pole axis two ends are with the electric charge of equivalent, these electric charges are respectively positive charge and negative electrical charge, can cancel out each other, maximum in parallel extremely axial electric-field intensity, the increase of the distance at the intensity of electrostatic field itself and center and declining, can be formulated:
E in formula
0=Ps/2 ε
0=6.2 × 10
6v/m is electrostatic field intensity;
A---tourmaline particles radius;
The distance at r-distance center.
The electric-field intensity that exists in the thickness range of tens microns of tourmaline surface can be calculated up to 10 according to this formula
7v/m.Ji Zhijiang etc. utilize electron probe to observe directly the electric polarity of aphrizite particle first, confirm that tourmaline exists natural electric polarity really.
We commonly use " air vitamin ", " environmental police " or " the long-lived element of air " calls tourmaline, and the anion of its release is referred to as " air vitamin ".Tourmaline anion releasing refers to when the outside energy such as cosmic ray, ultraviolet and highfield act on gas molecule in air (as N
2, O
2and CO
2deng) time, gas molecule is ionized, discharges electronics, these electronics catch by other neutral molecule and form electronegative ion and negative aeroion.
Under room temperature condition, the polarization charge of 5.34 V can be produced when tourmaline crystal size is 20 mm, can produce the polarization charge of 2.34 V when tourmaline crystal size is 2 mm, this electropolar existence of tourmaline makes it can produce anion at normal temperatures.Because the polarization charge of tourmaline is relatively low, while anion releasing, ozone free molecule produces, and is a kind of green material.Find according to the study, 15m
2the negative ion amount that forest discharges only needs the tourmaline slab of a square metre to complete, and anion has and improves air quality, stable human body spirit, loosens the function such as body and mind and delaying human body caducity.
Tourmaline capable absorbs the peculiar smell that the products such as paint, colloid send.Tourmaline powder is used for textile industry, environment-friendlycharcoal charcoal cloth can be made, ultra-fine tourmaline powder makes superfine fibre, can be made into antimagnetic, moistureproof, insulation cotton quilt, cotton pad, anti-electromagnetic radiation shirt, vest, shoe-pad etc., also can be used for laccolite bath, sweat-steaming house, optical wave house, sauna bath facility and environment-friendlyhousehold household finishing.For purifying water, tourmaline powder is made shades of colour, shape tourmaline haydite, for in purification, mineralization container, both attractive in appearance, keep healthy again, the chlorine of running water can be removed, thus change the acidity of water, simultaneously also can various harmful elements in filtered water, discharge the multiple trace element useful to human body.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of printing opacity, ventilative, Coulomb repulsion PM2.5 air-filtering membrane and preparation method are proposed, nanofiber technology and electrostatic repulsion is adopted to prepare the air-filtering membrane that can be applied to window screening, ensure that user is when windowing ventilation, effectively completely cuts off PM2.5 outside when room air circulation.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of printing opacity, ventilative, Coulomb repulsion PM2.5 air-filtering membrane and preparation method, it is characterized in that: described air-filtering membrane is at least provided with layer of non-woven fabric base material or screen cloth and at least ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer of one deck, be enclosed with tourmaline nano particle respectively at described non-woven fabrics base material or screen cloth and ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer surface; The weight of described non-woven fabrics base material is 15 ~ 100g/m2, in spun-bonded non-woven fabrics, melt spraying non-woven fabrics, needle punched non-woven fabrics, spunlace non-woven cloth, bamboo-carbon fibre non-woven fabrics, anion nanometer non-woven fabrics, nano-silver ionic non-woven fabrics, select one or more to combine; Described screen cloth adopts monofilament tatting to form, monofilament fineness at 50 ~ 1000dtex, order number at 10 ~ 200 orders, one or more blending that its material is selected in terylene, acrylic fibers, polyamide fibre, spandex, polypropylene fibre, vinylon and aramid fiber; The fiber that described ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer is 200 ~ 1000 nanometers by diameter is formed, and the thickness of ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer is 200 ~ 2000 nanometers.
The preparation method of described air-filtering membrane: to described at least one deck non-woven fabrics base material, screen cloth or ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer by flooding and/or spraying the suspension comprising tourmaline nano particle, the mass percent of the tourmaline nano particle contained in described suspension is 1% ~ 30%, also adhesive is comprised in described suspension, make tourmaline nano particle be wrapped in the surface of non-woven fabrics base material, screen cloth or ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber, and dry.
The mass percent that in described suspension, adhesive adds is 1% ~ 10%, and described adhesive is acrylic acid aqueous solution.It is 50 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C that described dipping and/or spraying comprise the bake out temperature after the suspension technology of tourmaline nano particle.
Because the PM2.5 in air is mostly electronegative, adopt tourmaline powder to be after coating, stronger negative voltage can be produced on air film surface, repel PM2.5.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: it is surperficial that tourmaline nano particle is introduced non-woven fabrics base material or screen cloth or ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer by the present invention, increases the rejection of air-filtering membrane to PM2.5; The rejection that the fibre diameter of ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer regulates and controls to further increase PM2.5; The THICKNESS CONTROL of ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer then reduces the resistance pressure drop of air-filtering membrane, increases the overall transparency, fully achieves printing opacity, ventilative also high efficiency electrostatic repels PM2.5.
Detailed description of the invention
Product air-filtering membrane of the present invention is a kind of composite membrane, mainly comprises three parts: 1, at least one deck non-woven fabrics base material or one deck screen cloth, can certainly adopt multilayer; 2, ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer, it sticks between the fiber of non-woven fabrics base material or screen cloth, and forms network structure; 3, tourmaline nano particle, the fiber of its load at non-woven fabrics base material or the surface of screen cloth and/or ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer.
Non-woven fabrics base material can comprise one or more the combination in spun-bonded non-woven fabrics layer, melt-blown nonwoven layer of cloth, acupuncture nonwoven layer of cloth, spunlace non-woven cloth layer, bamboo-carbon fibre nonwoven layer, anion nanometer nonwoven layer, nano-silver ionic nonwoven layer.Non-woven fabrics base material can have one deck or multilayer bonded to each other, and when there being multi-layer nonwoven fabrics base material, the material of each layer can be the same or different.Based on object of the present invention, the weight of non-woven fabrics base material is selected at 15 ~ 100g/m
2the most suitable.
Screen cloth adopts monofilament tatting to form, monofilament fineness is at 50 ~ 1000dtex, order number is at 10 ~ 200 orders, and one or more comprising in polyester fiber (PET screen cloth 40 order, 50 orders), Fypro, polypropylene fibre, polyethylene fibre, cotton fiber woven cloth carry out blending.Screen cloth also can have one deck or multilayer bonded to each other, and when adopting multilayer screen cloth, the material of each layer can be the same or different.The aperture of the preferred screen cloth of the present invention is within the scope of 0.3 ~ 1.0 millimeter, and screen thickness is 0.5 ~ 5.0 millimeter.
Ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer is that the fiber being 200 ~ 1000 nanometers by diameter is formed, and the THICKNESS CONTROL of layers of nanofibers is in 200 ~ 2000 nanometers.This structure reduces the aperture of non-woven fabrics base material on the one hand, can stop more PM2.5 fine particle; On the other hand, ensure that the transparency of filter membrane, special field of air filtration can be used for, comprise curtain etc.
The preparation of ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer: polymer powder is dissolved in polar organic solvent, obtain polymer solution, wherein, described polymer powder is at least one in polyether sulfone, polysulfones, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol oxide, PLA, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, poly-length ethene, polyamide, polystyrene, described polar organic solvent is N, any one or its combination solvent in dinethylformamide, DMA, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
Described polymer solution is obtained spinning solution after vacuum defoamation.
With non-woven fabrics or screen cloth for collecting matrix, Static Spinning obtains nanofiber rete.Spinning solution temperature is 10 ~ 50 DEG C, and environment temperature is 5 ~ 45 DEG C, and relative humidity is 20 ~ 60%, spinning voltage is 5000 ~ 30000V, and spinning head is 8 ~ 20cm to the distance of dash receiver, and barrel extrusion capacity is 15 ~ 80 μ L/min, fibre diameter is at 100 ~ 2000nm, and porosity is 80 ~ 90%.
Tourmaline nano particle can comprise the suspension of tourmaline nano particle and adhesive by solution impregnation and/or spraying, and be loaded on non-woven fabrics base material or ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer surface, thus give this air-filtering membrane further to adsorb the performance of PM2.5, improve its filter efficiency.Adhesive adopts acrylic acid aqueous solution herein, and concentration and viscosity can adjust according to actual conditions.
The mass percent of the tourmaline nano particle contained in the suspension that the present invention adopts is 1% ~ 30%, and the mass percent that in suspension, adhesive adds is 1% ~ 10%.
The present invention can have two kinds of modes to carry out dipping and/or the spraying of tourmaline.Non-woven fabrics base material or screen cloth or ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer formerly impregnated in tourmaline suspension by the first; Another tourmaline nanoparticulate dispersion is painted on non-woven fabrics base material or ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer surface.Dry at 50 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C after dipping and/or spraying comprise the suspension technology of tourmaline nano particle.
Electrostatic spinning nano fiber and tourmaline nano particle are introduced existing common non-woven fabrics (as fiber filter media) or screen cloth by the present invention, adopt ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer to be attached between the fibrage of non-woven fabrics base material or screen cloth and form network structure, reduce the aperture of non-woven fabrics base material or screen cloth, increase the specific area of non-woven fabrics base material or screen cloth, realize the enhancing to PM2.5 blocking capability, extend the service life of non-woven fabrics base material or screen cloth.Use surface with the tourmaline nano particle of electrostatic charge, it can be carried on non-woven fabrics base material or ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer surface, and PM2.5 and fine particle in absorbed air, obtain the efficient low-resistance PM2.5 air-filtering membrane with adsorption capacity simultaneously.
Embodiment 1:
Be that material carries out electrostatic spinning in PP nonwoven surface with polyurethane, PP grammes per square metre is 20g/m
2.
Particularly, the polyurethane (PU) of certain mass is dissolved in (mass percentage concentration is 5 ~ 30%) in DMA DMAc, stirs at 60 DEG C and obtain polymer solution, by vacuum defoamation 4 hours obtained spinning solutions at polymer solution and 60 DEG C, be made into the spinning solution of variable concentrations.
Carry out electrostatic spinning under the following conditions: spinning solution temperature is 30 DEG C, environment temperature is 50 DEG C, and relative humidity is 20%, and receiving range is 11 cm, and barrel extrusion capacity is 25 μ L/min, and negative voltage is-3 kV, and positive voltage is 9.03 ~ 9.08 kV.
The mode of ultrasonic cell disrupte crusher machine is adopted by tourmaline powder to be dispersed in acrylic acid aqueous solution the suspension obtaining comprising tourmaline nano particle and adhesive in proportion, the non-woven fabrics base material complete above-mentioned spinning and ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer are immersed in suspension, dry, obtain surface and bear the non-woven fabrics base material of tourmaline nano particle and the air film sample of ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer, meanwhile, the acrylic acid aqueous solution adhesive used in suspension makes the combination between ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer and non-woven fabrics base material tightr.
Embodiment 2:
Be that material carries out electrostatic spinning in PET screen surface with polyacrylonitrile, screen cloth monofilament fineness is 500dtex, and order number is 40 orders.
Particularly, the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) of certain mass is dissolved in (mass percentage concentration is 5 ~ 30%) in DMAc, stir at 80 DEG C and obtain polymer solution, by vacuum defoamation 4 hours obtained spinning solutions at polymer solution and 80 DEG C, be made into the spinning solution of variable concentrations, carry out electrostatic spinning under the following conditions: spinning solution temperature is 40 DEG C, environment temperature is 60 DEG C, relative humidity is 20%, receiving range is 10 cm, barrel extrusion capacity is 30 μ L/min, and negative voltage is-3 kV, and positive voltage is 9.39 kV.
The mode of ultrasonic cell disrupte crusher machine is adopted by tourmaline powder to be dispersed in acrylic acid aqueous solution the suspension obtaining comprising tourmaline nano particle and adhesive in proportion, the screen cloth complete above-mentioned spinning and ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer are immersed in suspension, dry, obtain surface and bear the screen cloth of tourmaline nano particle and the air film sample of ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer, meanwhile, the acrylic acid aqueous solution adhesive used in suspension makes the combination between ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer and screen cloth tightr.
Above embodiment is to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand; be to be understood that; specific embodiment described in the invention only in order to explain the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the invention, and protection scope of the present invention describes with claims of the present invention and is as the criterion.
Claims (5)
1. a printing opacity, ventilative, Coulomb repulsion PM2.5 air-filtering membrane, it is characterized in that: described air-filtering membrane is at least provided with layer of non-woven fabric base material or screen cloth and at least ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer of one deck, be enclosed with tourmaline nano particle respectively at described non-woven fabrics base material or screen cloth and ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer surface; Described non-woven fabrics base material selects one or more to combine in spun-bonded non-woven fabrics, melt spraying non-woven fabrics, needle punched non-woven fabrics, spunlace non-woven cloth, bamboo-carbon fibre non-woven fabrics, anion nanometer non-woven fabrics, nano-silver ionic non-woven fabrics; Described screen cloth adopts monofilament tatting to form, monofilament fineness at 50 ~ 1000dtex, order number at 10 ~ 200 orders, one or more blending that its material is selected in terylene, acrylic fibers, polyamide fibre, spandex, polypropylene fibre, vinylon and aramid fiber; The fiber that described ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer is 200 ~ 1000 nanometers by diameter is formed, and the thickness of ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer is 200 ~ 2000 nanometers.
2., according to the printing opacity described in claim 1, ventilative, Coulomb repulsion PM2.5 air-filtering membrane, it is characterized in that: the weight of described non-woven fabrics base material is 15 ~ 100g/m
2.
3. the preparation method of the printing opacity described in a claim 1 or 2, ventilative, Coulomb repulsion PM2.5 air-filtering membrane, it is characterized in that: to described at least one deck non-woven fabrics base material, screen cloth or ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber layer by flooding and/or spraying the suspension comprising tourmaline nano particle, the mass percent of the tourmaline nano particle contained in described suspension is 1% ~ 30%, also adhesive is comprised in described suspension, make tourmaline nano particle be wrapped in the surface of non-woven fabrics base material, screen cloth or ultra-thin electrostatic spinning nano fiber, and dry.
4., according to the preparation method of the printing opacity described in claim 3, ventilative, Coulomb repulsion PM2.5 air-filtering membrane, it is characterized in that: the mass percent that in described suspension, adhesive adds is 1% ~ 10%, described adhesive is acrylic acid aqueous solution.
5., according to the preparation method of the printing opacity described in claim 3, ventilative, Coulomb repulsion PM2.5 air-filtering membrane, it is characterized in that: it is 50 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C that described dipping and/or spraying comprise the bake out temperature after the suspension technology of tourmaline nano particle.
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