CN104903566A - 用于发动机的关停系统以及用于监测关停系统的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于活塞式发动机的关停系统包括:压力介质源(1);用于发动机的每个燃料喷射泵(2)的气动停止缸(3);用于将停止缸(3)连接至压力介质源(1)的压力介质管(4);布置在压力介质源(1)与停止缸(3)之间的停止阀(5),当该停止阀被致动时允许压力介质从压力介质源(1)流动至停止缸(3)。压力介质管(4)被外管(6)包围,并且所述关停系统设有用于将压力介质引入位于压力介质管(4)与外管(6)之间的空间(7)中的装置(9)以及设有用于检测位于压力介质管(4)与外管(6)之间的空间的泄漏的装置(8,11)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于活塞式发动机的关停系统。本发明还涉及一种如另一独立权利要求的前序部分所限定的用于监测活塞式发动机的气动关停系统以检测泄漏的方法。
背景技术
大型内燃发动机(例如船舶或电厂发动机)针对发动机的每个气缸均设有高压燃料喷射泵,该大型内燃发动机通常设有气动关停系统。气动停止缸被布置为与每个燃料喷射泵相连并且所述停止缸连接到控制空气罐上。在发动机紧急关停的情况下,停止阀允许压缩空气从控制气罐流动至气动停止缸,并且气缸的活塞将燃料喷射泵中的调量架推动至一位置处,在该位置处喷射到发动机气缸中的燃料被终止。气动关停系统的问题在于,该系统在发动机正常工作期间未被使用。尤其是电厂发动机可能会在不被停止的情况下工作非常长的时间。因此难以检测气动关停系统的故障。将气动停止缸与控制空气罐的空气管通常不被加压。在没有单独测试的情况下,因此不可能检测气管是否泄漏。可能的是空气管因发动机的振动而与一个或几个气动气缸断开连接。甚至可能的是气管因气动系统的机械安装失误而没有被连接。然而,关停系统的功能在紧急情况下极其重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于活塞式发动机的改进的关停系统。根据本发明的系统的特征由权利要求1的特征部分给出。本发明的另一目的是提供一种用于监测活塞式发动机的气动关停系统以检测泄漏的方法。本发明方法的特征以另一独立权利要求的特征部分给出。
根据本发明的关停系统包括压力介质源、用于发动机的每个燃料喷射泵的气动停止缸、用于将停止缸连接至压力介质源的压力介质管以及布置在压力介质源与停止缸之间用于在被致动时允许压力介质从压力介质源流动至停止缸的停止阀。压力介质管由外管包围,并且所述系统设有用于将压力介质引导到压力介质管与外管之间的空间的装置并且设有用于检测压力介质管与外管之间的空间的泄漏的装置。
在根据本发明的方法中,压力介质被引导到围绕压力介质管(该压力介质管位于压力介质源与发动机的气动停止缸之间)的外管中,并且从压力介质管与外管之间的空间的输出流被监测。
在根据本发明的关停系统中和根据本发明的方法中,所述系统的泄漏可以容易地被检测到。这提高了使用气动关停系统的发动机的安全性。
根据本发明的实施例,用于检测来自压力介质管与外管之间的空间的泄漏的装置包括压力传感器,该压力传感器布置用于测量压力介质管与外管之间空间中的压力。压力传感器是用于检测泄漏的简单装置。根据本发明的另一实施例,用于检测来自压力介质管与外管之间的空间的泄漏的装置包括流量计,该流量计布置用于测量流入压力介质管与外管之间的空间的压力介质。
根据本发明的实施例,在启动发动机之前自动地进行测量。在启动之前的自动测量能被用于在关停系统未正常工作的情况下阻止启动发动机。在发动机操作期间,可以以预定的间隔进行测量,或可以持续进行监测。
附图说明
参照附图本发明的实施例在下文中将更详细地描述,其中
图1示意性地示出了活塞式发动机的关停系统的简化视图,以及
图2示出了在关停系统中用于检测渗漏的布置。
具体实施方式
图1中示出了活塞式发动机的关停系统的简化视图。所述发动机是大型内燃机,例如是船舶中所使用的主发动机或辅助发动机或者是电厂用于发电的发动机。所述发动机包括多个气缸,该发动机的每个气缸均设有用于将液体燃料(例如重质燃料油或轻质燃料油)喷射至气缸的高压燃料喷射泵2。每个燃料喷射泵2均设有调量架2a。通过移动所述调量架2a,给燃料加压的柱塞和/或独立的调量活塞在燃料喷射泵2内被旋转,并且喷射进入气缸的燃料的量被改变。
为了紧急关停发动机,每个燃料喷射泵2设有气动停止缸3。所述气动停止缸3包括活塞3a,该活塞连接到燃料喷射泵2的调量架2a。当压力介质,例如压缩空气,被引入到停止缸3中时,停止缸3的活塞3a将燃料喷射泵2的调量架2a推动到燃料喷射被终止且没有燃料被供给至发动机的气缸中的位置上。所述发动机的关停系统包括压力介质源1,当需要关停发动机时压力介质从该压力介质源被引导至停止缸3。压力介质源1例如可以是控制空气罐。该空气罐的加压空气除了用于关停发动机外还可以用于其它目的。压力介质源1中的压力典型地在10巴至30巴之间。停止缸3借助压力介质管4连接到压力介质源1,该压力介质管4是分叉的用于将全部停止缸3连接到其上。关停系统进一步设有停止阀5。停止阀5布置在压力介质源1与停止缸3之间。停止阀5是一个3/2阀。当发动机运行时,停止阀5在图1所示的位置上。从压力介质源1至停止缸3的压力介质流动被阻止,但从停止缸3输出流则被允许。因此,停止阀5下游的压力介质管4不被加压。当停止阀5切换到关闭位置时,从压力介质源1至停止缸3的流动被允许。停止阀5可以以电动方式或手动方式被致动。关停系统还可以设有一个以上的停止阀5,用于允许发动机在不同位置关停。
由于停止阀5下游的压力介质管4通常未被加压,在传统的关停系统中压力介质管4的泄漏很难被检测。关停系统很少使用,并且压力介质管4可能会因发动机的振动而与停止缸3断开连接。如果全部的停止缸3连接至同一个压力介质管4并且压力介质管4与其中一个停止缸3之间的连接发生泄漏,则可能所有的停止缸3发生故障。还可能的是,组装关停系统的技工忘记将一些停止缸3连接至压力介质管4,而在这样的情况下关停系统的适当的功能也被妨碍。
在根据本发明的关停系统中,压力介质管4的泄漏可以很容易地被检测到。根据本发明,如图2所示,外管6围绕压力介质管4布置。关停系统还设有用于将压力介质引入到形成于压力介质管4与外管4之间的空间7中的装置9。在图2的实施例中,连接导管9被用于将位于压力介质管4与外管6之间的空间7连接至同一压力介质源1,该压力介质源1将压力介质供给至停止缸3。然而,还可以使用不同的压力介质源或者外管6可以直接地连接到压力介质源1。关停系统进一步设有用于检测压力管4与外管6之间的空间7的泄漏的装置8,11。在图2的实施例中,用于检测泄漏的装置8,11包括压力传感器8。压力传感器8用于测量压力介质管4与外管6之间的空间7中的压力。如果压力介质管4泄漏至压力介质管4与外管6之间的空间7,则该压力介质可以从空间7渗透至压力介质管4中。由于停止阀5通常允许从压力介质管4的流出,因此压力介质管4与外管6之间的空间7中的压力下降,并且所述压力下降可以通过压力传感器8检测到。如果外管6泄漏也可能发生压力下降,并且这也可以由压力传感器8检测到。作为压力传感器8的替代或补充,流量计11可以用作用于检测压力介质管4与外管6之间的空间7的泄漏的装置。所述流量计11可以被布置用于测量经由连接导管9流入压力介质管4与外管6之间的空间7的压力介质。如果系统不泄漏,则在压力介质管4与外管6之间的空间7已经被填满后,连接导管9中不应存在流动。如果系统泄漏无论是经由压力介质管4还是经由外管6,更多的压力介质流入压力介质管4与外管6之间的空间7,并且这可以由流量计11检测到。
压力传感器8和流量计11可以连接至控制单元10。控制单元10可以用于控制压力传感器8和/或流量计11以及还用于收集测量数据。由压力传感器8和/或流量计11进行的监测可以是持续的。可替换地,可以以一定的预定间隔进行测量。在发动机启动之前可以自动地执行测量,并且在检测到泄漏的情况下可以阻止启动。压力介质管4与外管6之间的空间7可以持续地加压,或者压力介质可以在每次测量之前被引入到空间7中。
本领域技术人员将要理解本发明并不限于如上所述的实施例,而是可以在所附的权利要求的范围内变化。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于活塞式发动机的关停系统,所述关停系统包括:压力介质源(1);用于所述发动机的每个燃料喷射泵(2)的气动停止缸(3);用于将所述气动停止缸(3)连接至所述压力介质源(1)的压力介质管(4);以及布置在所述压力介质源(1)与所述气动停止缸(3)之间的停止阀(5),当该停止阀被致动时允许压力介质从所述压力介质源(1)流动至所述停止缸(3),其特征在于,所述压力介质管(4)被外管(6)包围,并且所述关停系统设有用于将压力介质引入位于所述压力介质管(4)与所述外管(6)之间的空间(7)中的装置(9)以及设有用于检测位于所述压力介质管(4)与所述外管(6)之间的空间(7)的泄漏的装置(8,11)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,用于检测位于所述压力介质管(4)与所述外管(6)之间的所述空间(7)的泄漏的所述装置(8,11)包括压力传感器(8),所述压力传感器(8)被布置用于测量位于所述压力介质管(4)与所述外管(6)之间的所述空间(7)中的压力。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,用于检测位于所述压力介质管(4)与所述外管(6)之间的所述空间(7)的泄漏的所述装置(8,11)包括流量计(11),所述流量计(11)被布置用于测量流入位于所述压力介质管(4)与所述外管(6)之间的所述空间(7)中的压力介质。
4.一种用于监测活塞式发动机的气动关停系统以检测泄漏的方法,其特征在于,压力介质被引入到外管(6)中,该外管围绕位于所述发动机的所述压力介质源(1)与气动停止缸(3)之间的压力介质管(4)布置,并且所述压力介质管(4)与所述外管(6)之间的空间(7)的输出流被监测。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述输出流通过测量所述压力介质管(4)与所述外管(6)之间的所述空间(7)中的压力而被监测。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述输出流通过测量流入所述压力介质管(4)与所述外管(6)之间的所述空间(7)中的压力介质而被监测。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其特征在于,在发动机启动之前自动地进行所述测量。
8.根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,以预定的间隔进行所述测量。
9.根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,持续地进行测量。
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DE3115410A1 (de) * | 1981-04-16 | 1982-12-23 | Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen | Schnellabschaltung von dieselmotoren |
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GB2320760A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-01 | John Glyndwr Burgess | Pipe leak monitoring system |
JP4508374B2 (ja) * | 2000-08-07 | 2010-07-21 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | ガス漏れ検知システム |
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DE3115410A1 (de) * | 1981-04-16 | 1982-12-23 | Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen | Schnellabschaltung von dieselmotoren |
US4732123A (en) * | 1986-11-04 | 1988-03-22 | Stephen C. Ohm | Safety air supply for diesel engine shutdown systems |
US4960088A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1990-10-02 | Thermo King Corporation | Low fuel shut-off system |
GB2320760A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-01 | John Glyndwr Burgess | Pipe leak monitoring system |
JP4508374B2 (ja) * | 2000-08-07 | 2010-07-21 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | ガス漏れ検知システム |
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EP2932083A1 (en) | 2015-10-21 |
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