CN104897969A - Method and device for detecting conductivity in instant electric water heater - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting conductivity in instant electric water heater Download PDFInfo
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- CN104897969A CN104897969A CN201410077976.9A CN201410077976A CN104897969A CN 104897969 A CN104897969 A CN 104897969A CN 201410077976 A CN201410077976 A CN 201410077976A CN 104897969 A CN104897969 A CN 104897969A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and device for detecting conductivity in an instant electric water heater. The measurement device comprises at least two measurement electrodes for being arranged in a water guiding channel separately; a measurement electronic device for providing and analyzing electrical signals influenced by the conductivity of the water; and a transformer, wherein the measurement electronic device is connected to a primary side of the transformer, and the two measurement electrodes are connected to a secondary side of the transformer, so that the measurement electronic device is allowed to be coupled with the measurement electrodes through the transformer. The measurement electronic device provides a primary-side alternating voltage signal on the primary side of the transformer according to rules, so that a secondary-side alternating current passing through the measurement electrodes and the water is set on the secondary side of the transformer according to the conductivity of the water, and the secondary-side alternating current influences the current of the primary side on the primary side of the transformer; and the measurement electronic device measures the current of the primary side for determining the conductivity. Besides, the invention also relates to the instant electric water heater for heating the water.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement mechanism for detecting the electrical conductivity of water in instant electric water heater, and the invention still further relates to a kind of instant electric water heater arranging this measurement mechanism.In addition, the present invention relates to a kind of method of the electrical conductivity of water detected in instant electric water heater.
Background technology
There is known instant electric water heater, at water flow during described instant electric water heater, it is by one or more electrical heating coil especially having naked heater wire to form or heat water by similar heating arrangement.This instant electric water heater is especially applicable to family and uses, and then usually directly uses the water heated by described instant electric water heater after heating, and this is not only suitable in time but also is also suitable on place.This use can be such as shower or wash one's hands.By the danger that following manner avoids the electric current due to heating element to cause, namely set up especially from naked heater wire to the water be heated of the electrical connection of user because its purity (with limiting the electric discharge section that calculates) is just conducted electricity weak.Therefore, this instant electric water heater is safe from danger due to the electric discharge section that limits in this respect.
But, when water that is contaminated, particularly saliferous enters in pipeline, then another kind of situation of being in danger exceptionally.In addition, this also can pollute due to tiding or flood damage or other anomalous events or the water of saliferous penetrates in piping system time occur in the region of ailing piping system.
In order to eliminate this problem, in this proemial region, avoid using the instant electric water heater with bare wire.Therefore any risk can not be there is.This is also suitable for when using and having the equipment of tubulose calandria, and described equipment costly and control characteristic is poor.
But on the other hand, instant electric water heater is a kind of relatively simple possibility to water heating.This water heater is compared to some other system lower costs with complicated hot water tank and save space and without the need to too many maintenance.Therefore when by use instant electric water heater avoid prestoring hot water and and then avoid spending to energy needed for this time, it is especially with low cost for carrying out heating by means of electric current.
If therefore also the instant electric water heater and the safety that will ensure user equally with bare wire will be used in this kind of adventurous region, so need a kind of security system, to get rid of the danger of user.But, expensive security system with provide instant electric water heater to be conflicting as reason solution with low cost.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the present invention is based on following order: at least one in solving the problem.Described solution especially, a solution will be proposed, even if also can realize in mode simple and with low cost providing instant electric water heater in above-mentioned this adventurous region.A kind of solution of alternative at least will be proposed compared with solution proposed up to now.
According to the present invention, propose the measurement mechanism for detecting the electrical conductivity of water in instant electric water heater, described measurement mechanism comprises: at least two potential electrode, for being arranged in the passage of guiding water of described instant electric water heater separatedly, measure electronic installation, for providing and analyzing the electric signal affected by electrical conductivity of water, there is the transformer of primary side and primary side, wherein said measurement electronic installation is connected in described primary side, and two described potential electrode are connected in described primary side, described measurement electronic installation is coupled with described potential electrode via described transformer, wherein, described measurement electronic installation provides the alternating voltage signal of primary side by regulation in the primary side of described transformer, make to set the exchange current via described potential electrode and the primary side by water according to electrical conductivity of water in the primary side of described transformer, the electric current of primary side affects the electric current of primary side in the primary side of described transformer, and described measurement electronic installation measures the electric current of described primary side for determining conductivity.Therefore, described measurement mechanism comprises at least two potential electrode, measures electronic installation, and can comprise transformer.Potential electrode is arranged in the passage of instant electric water heater in a spaced manner, and is connected with measurement electronic installation via transformer.Measure electronic installation and provide alternating voltage signal in the primary side of transformer, described alternating voltage signal is transferred to the primary side of described transformer via transformer, potential electrode is connected to described primary side.Then in primary side, exchange current is via potential electrode and through water flow in the passage of instant electric water heater.Electric current correspondingly depend on electrical conductivity of water and and then react in primary side via transformer, form the electric current relevant to conductivity equally in described primary side.Then, measure the electric current of electronic installation to described primary side and measure, and and then electrical conductivity of water or resistivity can be determined.
In principle it is known that via electrical measurement determination conductivity.But in addition, mentioned herein go out the feature of this solution be that it relatively simply and form inexpensively.Special feature is, described measurement mechanism is on purpose for determining that the task of electrical conductivity of water in the codomain using instant electric water heater to have problems builds.This measurement mechanism simply formed uses following alternating voltage signal, described alternating voltage signal flows to measurement section via transformer, and react on its reaction relevant to electric conductivity via described transformer equally, and then just analyzed by measurement electronic installation.Especially conductivity low, only form small area analysis in cleaner water that namely resistivity is high, and the described coupling premised on alternating current carried out via transformer correspondingly becomes extremely inaccurate and even no longer can utilize.
But have recognized that according to the present invention: this measurement mechanism is under any circumstance in order to described application target can both provide enough precision.Measurement mechanism can be used in principle and heat in all home appliances of potable water or domestic water with percolation.Except for heating tap water with except the instant electric water heater provided at the tapping point place of such as water swivel or shower head, automatic coffee machine, washing machine and dish-washing machine also belong to this type of, only list several example.
Preferably, measurement mechanism is configured for the resistivity of 0k Ω cm to 10k Ω cm is measured.In addition, this depends on size and the design of probe.Within the scope of this, can measure with the measurement tolerance being less than 10% according to a kind of form of implementation.Therefore, measurement mechanism is coordinated mutually with this scope specially.This particularly relates to described structure structure.But also can relate to the design of some elements, as the spacing of the potential electrode that uses and potential electrode as described in arranging.Especially the voltage swing used provided as the alternating voltage of primary side can be directed to this.Preferably, propose to be approximately the crest voltage of the alternating voltage signal of 2.5V at this, being from its minimum value to its maximal value is the voltage of about 5V.
A kind of form of implementation proposes, by transformer to measurement electronic installation and potential electrode electric isolution.Therefore, the transformer not having electrical contact between primary side and primary side is proposed.Thus can with the impact from the voltage measured in section, water namely to be heated of simple method and mode protection electronic installation.Therefore, measurement mechanism can be used in so-called naked heating line style instant electric water heater without any problems, the naked heater wire being wherein especially embodied as heater coil to be arranged in aquaporin and direct to water heating there, and in described aquaporin, corresponding high electric current flows through described naked heater wire.This naked heater wire can encourage by direct line voltage, described line voltage such as can relative to zero line and and then be regularly 230V relative to ground potential.This high voltage can easily damage measurement electronic installation.By the electric isolution carried out via transformer, avoid this dangerous potentiality for measuring electronic installation.
Propose according to a kind of form of implementation, measure electronic installation and there is voltage divider or other the mechanism for booster tension, to promote the alternating voltage signal of primary side, make the value its voltage intermediate value being lifted beyond 0V, especially more than the value of 2V.Especially, the alternating voltage signal boost of primary side just should be entirely to making it.Therefore, the zero point around transformer such as should improve 2.5V with the alternating voltage signal of ± 2.5V vibration, therefore it is no longer vibrated between+2.5V and-2.5V, but vibrates between 0V and 5V.By the zero point of transformer is improved 2.5V, for transformer, be considered as the switching voltage vibrated between 0 and 5V of driver having the alternating voltage of +/-2.5V skew or become effectively.Especially can simplify the generation of the alternating voltage signal of primary side thus, and the measurement mechanism proposed allows such variation because it has the structure of transformer, and in fact described variation does not act on for the electric current formed.
Propose according to another kind of form of implementation, except measuring the electric current of primary side, consider to determine the temperature of the water of its conductivity and use it for and determine conductivity.Therefore, the precision of measurement can also be improved further by following manner: namely can consider as additional variable for the influential temperature of electrical conductivity of water.
According to a kind of design proposal, measure the alternating voltage signal that electronic installation is the pulse-length modulation generation primary side between 1kHz to 10kHz in scope via frequency.Thus in a straightforward manner and can realize producing the alternating voltage signal of primary side with little equipment structure.Such as, only need a microprocessor to provide corresponding switching signal to driver, described driver produces pulsed signal by means of DC input voitage and produces the change in voltage of simulation via low-pass filter.In addition, this transformer can bear the task of the low-pass filter for described pulsed signal being carried out to chokes simultaneously.
In addition, according to the present invention, a kind of instant electric water heater for heating water is proposed.This instant electric water heater has at least one and guides the passage of water, by electrical heating elements, heat water by bare wire especially in described passage.Also multiple this heating element can be arranged in channel part section that is multiple, that especially fluid technique sets gradually.If in described passage or there is multiple passage and in a passage in described passage, application measurement mechanism is measured conductivity.Described measurement mechanism has at least two electrodes, and described electrode is arranged at least one and guides in the passage of water to be heated, detects for electrical conductivity of water, and is connected with measurement electronic installation to analyze.If measurement mechanism identification exceedes default limit conductance value, then if desired except measure and control electronic installation power supply except, interrupt the power supply to heating element on the whole.Therefore, the instant electric water heater with bare wire also may be used in adventurous region, because can suppose only to occur in fact high conductivity momently only exceptionally, mostly in these adventurous regions.
Preferably, only the electric conductivity value that oversteps the extreme limit duration, interruption is effective, and again activating the power supply of at least one heating element lower than during the limit conductance value preset.Therefore, interrupt supplying hot water and can be limited to temporal minimum value.
Favourable variations is; Turn off via relay.Thereby, it is possible to perform shutoff with simply and fast mode and method, this shutoff also realizes electric isolution, in order to avoid the danger occurring to get an electric shock on the section of pool.
Propose at this as favourable variations: use the measurement mechanism according to one of above-mentioned form of implementation.Correspondingly, at least two electrodes are provided with in one in described passage or passage.This can carry out in the mode of next-door neighbour or apart from the mode of heating element certain distance.Preferably, equally temperature-sensitive sticker is arranged in the channel, be arranged at least as far as possible near potential electrode, make not arrange active heating element between potential electrode and temperature-sensitive sticker.
Preferably, instant electric water heater is configured for, once the conductivity detected exceeds default limit conductance value or the resistivity that detects lower than the ultimate resistance value preset, then turns off at least one electrical heating elements.Therefore, measurement mechanism is connected with safe shutdown device.Therefore, a value can be supplied to control module by measurement mechanism for this reason, and then described control module stops heating.Preferably, turn off one or more electrical heating elements, make to turn off whole firing equipment, that is all power electric devices of instant electric water heater.Once conductivity can accept again, then can again connect.
Preferably, the element natively existed of instant electric water heater can be used as electrode.The water inlet pipe be made of copper or the rising pipe be made of copper equally are proposed especially for this reason.In addition, can serviceability temperature sensor housing or temperature-sensitive sticker accommodation section as electrode, particularly as electrode coefficient with it, wherein said temperature-sensitive sticker accommodation section holds temperature-sensitive sticker and itself is made of metal, is preferably made of copper in aquaporin.Also be preferred form of implementation, aquaporin can be made up of electrically non-conductive material, especially plastics, but temperature-sensitive sticker accommodation section can be made of metal, and is used as electrode, is particularly combined with water inlet pipe and rising pipe.Preferably, use the cooling body pipe of cooling body, particularly power semiconductor cooling device for the power semiconductor of cooling for encouraging at least one heating element.This power semiconductor, particularly power semiconductor switch generate heat when encouraging naked heater wire, it can be cooled by water to be heated, and use metal cooling body for this reason, under any circumstance according to a kind of form of implementation, described metal cooling body is correspondingly arranged for cooling in domestic water or process water.Preferably, this power semiconductor circuits, particularly its cooling body be arranged on to cool on one or more power semiconductor are earth-free, and and then can be relative to ground and and then relative to copper water inlet pipe or copper rising pipe independently electrode.
If these elements are used as electrode, especially when these elements have the spacing of the mean diameter being obviously greater than passage each other, so the physical dimension in passage region between two electrodes can be used as the physical dimension measuring section, to determine conductivity from measurement electric current.
Preferably, electrode is with minimum spacing setting to each other, and described minimum spacing is greater than two spacing of several millimeters that especially can be arranged on for measuring the potential electrode in the lab setup of conductivity.Preferably, this spacing is greater than 1cm, is greater than 5cm, is especially greater than 10 millimeters.Metal preferably can be used as material.When the spacing of two electrodes is very narrow, copper is used to be inconvenient, because minimum sediment can reduce the spacing of electrode consumingly under relative meaning.When using the large spacing proposed, less there are the problems referred to above and and then the advantage of extra high conductivity of copper can be utilized.
Preferably, measurement mechanism, particularly to measure electronic installation or metering circuit electronic installation be the independent assembly installed additional, described assembly and Electrode connection and via data-interface, preferably via I
2c bus is connected with the adjustment electronic installation of instant electric water heater and by regulating electronic installation service voltage.Described measurement mechanism can be implemented in the mode that can install additional.For this reason, described measurement mechanism is such as arranged on in fixing supporting body.Electrode can by means of only flexible wire connect and only need corresponding channel setting preset position in, especially with to each other preset spacing arrange.In order to cause interruption when conductivity is too high, can use relay, or can use the relay of existing interruption of power supply, described relay also encourages via measurement mechanism.According to a kind of form of implementation, interrupt by means of power semiconductor switch, especially TRIAC.
Advantageously, metering circuit electronic installation has microcontroller, and this microcontroller of metering circuit electronic installation measures the resistance between electrode via metering circuit.Microcontroller also can be called as microprocessor or micromonitor system.
In order to calculate electric conductivity value, the temperature of medium can transmit via the data-interface of the control device of the higher level of instant electric water heater, makes to calculate the current electric conductivity value of medium from temperature and resistance and described electric conductivity value and reference value is compared.Also release signal can be sent to the control device of the higher level of instant electric water heater via described data-interface, when current electric conductivity value is less than again limit conductance value, to cancel interruption again.
Preferably, the limit conductance value that also can be called as reference conductivity value can set.Especially can realize via potentiometer setting property, or described setting property realizes via following parameter, and described parameter can carry out setting at operating unit place and via measurement mechanism, perform via microprocessor or adjust especially.
According to a kind of form of implementation, electrode is not close in the mode of several millimeters, as this knows from the measuring technique of routine, but has larger spacing to each other.Thus, better ratio between the surface resistance changed due to aging and/or calcification that should obtain the resistance formed by electrode separation of the medium forming actual measurement variable and electrode, to realize the better long-time stability of measuring-signal, and stand more favourable electrode material more aging can use.Such as, thus, to use copper.This is also favourable for application water inlet pipe or the accommodation section of rising pipe, cooling body or temperature-sensitive sticker as electrode.
To control electronic device circuit plate can advantageously be settled on metering circuit electronic device circuit plate and to form a unit and/or a unit can be formed by the microcontroller of metering circuit electronic installation and the microcontroller that controls electronic installation.Advantageously, after therefore activating heating power when exceeding electric conductivity value, functional unit is such as shown by flashing indicator or symbol over the display the interruption of the power supply to heating element, naked especially heater wire.
According to the present invention, a kind of method for detecting conductivity is also proposed, described method as above in conjunction with work as illustrated in the explanation of measurement mechanism and/or as described in method as combine above as illustrated in the explanation of the form of implementation of instant electric water heater that proposes work.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Illustratively illustrate the present invention according to embodiment in detail with reference to appended accompanying drawing hereinafter now.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates the structure of the measurement mechanism according to a kind of form of implementation.
Fig. 2 illustrates the schematic circuit of the instant electric water heater according to a kind of form of implementation.
Fig. 3 illustrates the simplified flow chart for monitoring for the method to the domestic water in the electrically heated equipment of water or fresh electrical conductivity of water.
Embodiment
The schematic diagram of Fig. 1 illustrates two conduit walls 1 of the passage for guiding water 2, the measuring media of water therefore here for detecting its conductivity or resistivity.Two are directed across one of conduit wall 1 with also can be described as electrode 3 hydraulic seal of probe 3, so that guiding measuring electric current detects for the conductivity of water 2 or measuring media 2 between said electrodes.Electrode 3 is connected in its primary side 52 at transformer 5 place.Transformer 5 loads the alternating voltage of primary side at its primary side 51 place, described alternating voltage is produced by alternator 6.Alternator 6 is encouraged by corresponding switching signal by microcontroller 7 for this reason, and described microcontroller is again referred to as μ Controller.Therefore alternator 6 produces alternating voltage via pulse-length modulation, and therefore described alternating voltage inputs in this primary side 51 of transformer 5.
Correspondingly form measuring-signal, described measuring-signal is associated in the mode illustrated as measuring-signal 8 with wire in FIG, and described wire (intuitively) guides to microcontroller 7 from transformer 5.Therefore microcontroller 7 is also analyzed described measuring-signal 8.In fact, measuring-signal 8 is also the signal formed in the primary side 51 of transformer 5.
Therefore microcontroller 7 encourages alternator 6, to produce alternating voltage signal with sinusoidal as far as possible and to input at primary side 51 place of transformer 5.Then, form the measurement electric current of primary side, described measurement electric current flows to another electrode 3 by water 2 or measuring media 2 from primary side 52 via electrode 3 and flows back into the primary side 52 of transformer 5.Correspondingly, the measuring-signal 8 stopped by microcontroller 7 is formed.
In addition, the temperature-sensitive sticker 4 that also can be described as temperature sensor is directed across conduit wall 1 in the mode of hydraulic seal and can detects the temperature of water 2 or measuring media 2.Temperature value 9 is correspondingly returned to microcontroller 7 by described temperature sensor 4.Therefore microcontroller 7 is analyzed measurement electric current 8 and temperature value 9, to determine the conductivity of water 2.
Fig. 2 illustrates the simplified electrical circuit diagram of the instant electric water heater 200 with naked heater wire 202 and control and power electric device 204.At this, naked heater wire 202 be schematically shown and also represent other naked heater wire.Instant electric water heater 200 works in principle as follows, and water namely to be heated is flowed into by water inlet 206, and guides in the passage or channel system 208 of instant electric water heater 200.Wherein, water is heated and finally to be flowed out by water delivering orifice 210 through the state of heating in portion's section of bare wire or naked heater wire 202.
At this, naked heater wire 202 is encouraged by control and power cell 204.Described control and power cell have one and have an excitation bidirectional triode thyristor 212 only schematically described at this at this excitation bidirectional triode thyristor 212 only schematically described or for each naked heater wire.In order to cool excitation bidirectional triode thyristor 212 and be provided with cooling body 214, the aqueous phase not yet the heated company in described cooling body and passage or in channel system 208.First therefore this water not yet heated can be used as the chilled water of excitation bidirectional triode thyristor 212.Cooling body 214 can be established as cooling tube at this, and all water to be heated subsequently all can flow through described cooling tube.
At this, for supply energy is provided with three-phase supply 216 at this.In order to excitation bidirectional triode thyristor 212 is carried out excitation also so that result each naked heater wire 202 is encouraged, be provided with microprocessor 218.Once water is released, 220, flowmeter detects volume flow
, make to control and power cell 204 control heating, particularly can start heating.Near flowmeter 220, be also provided with inflow temperature sensor 222, described inflow temperature sensor detects inflow temperature
, and being provided with leaving water temperature sensors 224, described leaving water temperature sensors provides coolant-temperature gage
.Microprocessor 218 can be analyzed described value, to control heating as far as possible best thus and and then the excitation controlled best naked heater wire 202.Especially well heater can be connected when there is volume flow.If volume flow is weak and/or inflow temperature has been high or leaving water temperature is high, only encourages naked heater wire in the mode reduced so possibly, or when such as there is three naked heater wires, only encourage wherein one or two naked heater wires.
Except, conductivity measurement device 226 illustrates as functional module, and described conductivity measurement device is by the electrical conductivity of water in conductivity sensor 228 sense channel or channel system 208.As a result, can by electric conductivity value or it be reciprocal, namely resistance value is supplied to control and power electric device 204, is especially provided to microprocessor 218, and it is resistance Ω by symbolically there.
Conductivity sensor 228 such as can conductivity directly in Measurement channel or channel system 208.For this reason, also can in passage 208 in fig. 2 shown by position be provided with electrode, to measure resistance herein.Signal, particularly current signal can be analyzed in conductivity module 226 or conductivity measurement module 226, and are supplied to control and power electronics unit 204 as resistance value Ω, are supplied to microprocessor 218 especially.If desired, at consideration temperature, particularly inflow temperature
when microprocessor 218 can also improve conductivity or the value of resistance value Ω.
Addedly or alternatively scheme, can be used as electrode by existing element, to perform conductivity measurement.This variations is shown in Figure 2, therefore namely conductivity module 226 alternatively scheme or possibility make the water inlet pipe 230 be made of copper as electrode on the one hand, that use same metal on the other hand, especially made of aluminum cooling body 214 is as the second electrode.The water inlet pipe 230 be made of copper and cooling body 214 have relative large spacing to each other, under any circumstance, water inlet pipe 230 is all relative large through the measurement section of water in passage or channel system 208 with between cooling body or cooling tube 214, under any circumstance very large for other conventional conductivity measurement devices.Compared with average channel diameter, this measurement section is also large.In addition, can be realized by large spacing: it is under any circumstance all very little that the spacing between water inlet pipe 230 and cooling tube 214 fluctuates for its absolute spacing, and and then has less impact to conductivity measurement.Water inlet pipe 230 can via ground terminal 232 ground connection at this.Cooling tube 214 does not correspondingly allow ground connection, because otherwise measurement electric current can not flow to cooling tube 214 from water inlet pipe 230 through water, and in addition self-evidently, formed in nonconducting mode, be namely such as made up of plastics in passage or channel system 208 this region under any circumstance between water inlet pipe 230 and cooling tube 214.
Alternatively, the rising pipe 234 be made of copper equally is used as the electrode of conductivity measurement.The temperature sensor accommodation section 236 holding leaving water temperature sensors 224 can be used as counter electrode, can flow between two described electrodes to measure electric current.Conductivity measurement at this also generally and overall measurement sectional analysis is had to the water of identical temperature.In this case, rising pipe 234 also can via ground terminal 232 ground connection, and thermometrograph 236 is earth-free all the time in this case.
The relatively long measurement section measuring electrical conductivity of water for the measurement electric current between the electrode via corresponding selection may extremely out of true.But for this reason, described measurement section also can reduce alveolate problem in water.Especially, when water inlet pipe 230 and cooling body 214 being used as electrode as the very long measurement section between water inlet pipe 230 and cooling body 214 water very pure and and then conductance is extremely weak may cause extremely little, may even not verifiable measurement electric current.If but water is polluted consumingly, special saliferous is high, and so measuring electric current can flow through, and also can significantly improve measuring accuracy thus.Just for this situation, also only high precision is needed in principle.
Therefore Fig. 2 also illustrates: interrupt the excitation to naked heater wire 202 when electrical conductivity of water is very high, especially even interrupts three-phase supply 216, makes whole instant electric water heater 200 no-voltage substantially.Preferably, functional with conductivity measurement module of microprocessor 218 is kept.When conductivity be increased beyond can by means of ultimate value set device 238 predetermined, preset limit conductance value time, under any circumstance all can carry out the shutoff of power electric device.
The mode of the shutoff according at least one form of implementation shown in Figure 3 and method.Booting sequence in initialization module 350, and upon initialization, inquire in inquiry module 352.Inquire, namely compare: the conductivity detected whether is greater than default conductivity reference value or whether resistivity is less than corresponding predetermined resistivity reference value.According to a kind of form of implementation, can set in the ultimate value set device 238 shown in Fig. 2 for the described reference value compared.Described reference value such as also can to implement in country which kind of specify or follow after naked heater wire until how far relevant the pool section of user is.
Under any circumstance, comparison certainly all causes to be branched off into and turns off module 354 in inquiry module 352, but described shutoff module causes the shutoff of instant electric water heater 200, the shutoff of at least naked heater wire 202 or all naked heater wires 202.
Then, correspondingly can not use instant electric water heater and in order to show this situation to user in this moment, signaling module 356 executive signal exports, such as, produce flash signal.
Then, inquiry can be re-started immediately in inquiry module 352.Substantially can carry out clock control by the corresponding inquiry performed this computing machine continually and carry out continuous print inquiry rapidly.The result that reference conductivity value or resistivity are not less than ultimate resistance value if this causes electric conductivity value to be no more than, so connects Power supply, at least to the excitation of naked heater wire 202, or when it is switched in advance, then keeps connecting Power supply.Foregoing illustrates connects module 358.Especially, on the one hand can access identical switch, particularly current source or voltage source main switch for connecting module 358 on the other hand for turning off module 354, wherein turning off module 354 and impelling and turn off and connect module 358 and impel connection.When being connected by connection module 358, this also causes signaling module 356 no longer to send the signal of display device shutoff.
Therefore, naked heating line style instant electric water heater has been known, and the feature of described naked heating line style instant electric water heater is also directly to be heated medium (potable water) by the extremely short heat time.In entrance and exit usual based on electric discharge section be used from safe mode of operation together with the entrance of metal of the medium that will heat (potable water) and the ground connection one of necessity of exit point.
At this, the size of the electric discharge section in entrance and exit is defined as, and makes, when having the poorest domestic water quality of high conductivity, fault leakage current is kept obtaining the low electric current to making can not be formed in the unearthed situation of equipment in this case life threatening.
In general; compared with traditional tubular type calandria; instant electric water heater obtains very high level of protection thus; even if because when ground connection difference or when there is not ground connection by structure limit maximum fault leakage current or touch voltage with determining, make for user not dangerous.
In some areas, electric conductivity value temporarily may raise consumingly due to the special conditions of contract supplied water, and makes leakage current reach a few percent ampere.In the protection conductor of Majors connects, for user, dangerous potential is low and can compared with traditional tubular type calandria system.
By solution according to the present invention, can realize with method in a straightforward manner now: though when electrical conductivity of water high and do not exist protection conductor be connected or protect conductor to connect poor, there will not be and do not allow high touch voltage.
Usually, electric conductivity value is replaced using leakage current as standard.This also can reliably prevent leakage current too high, namely do not allow high., propose according to a kind of form of implementation for this reason, perform the measurement of first or last calandria bolt and the resistance between corresponding inlet tube and outlet be present in water.Therefore, perform and the side of the resistance between first the calandria bolt be present in water and inlet tube is measured, or perform the measurement of the resistance between last calandria bolt and outlet be present in water.Also other elements can be used as potential electrode.
When the geometric configuration of the flow channel therefore forming the discharge channel being used for leakage current is known simultaneously, the resistance value of electric discharge section can be inferred from the resistance between potential electrode.When such as considering that the measurement section of exit zone as the long flexible pipe of 100cm and between electrode is 1cm=such as 1kOhm, then can calculate outlet region of discharge section, the i.e. resistance of the electric discharge section in exit is 100kOhm.When known line voltage is such as 230V, then leakage current is 2.3mA.This calculating can be carried out before connection heating power.If calculate exceed determined ultimate value value, such as more than 10mA, then then can prevent connect.
Claims (14)
1. a measurement mechanism, for detecting the electrical conductivity of water in instant electric water heater (200), described measurement mechanism comprises:
-at least two potential electrode (3), for being arranged in the passage (208) of guiding water of described instant electric water heater (200) separatedly,
-measure electronic installation, for providing and analyzing the electric signal affected by electrical conductivity of water,
-there is the transformer (5) of primary side (51) and primary side (52),
Wherein
-described measurement electronic installation is connected in described primary side (51), and
-two described potential electrode are connected in described primary side (52), and described measurement electronic installation is coupled with described potential electrode (3) via described transformer (5),
Wherein,
-described measurement electronic installation provides the alternating voltage signal of primary side by regulation ground in the primary side (51) of described transformer (5),
Make
-in the primary side (52) of described transformer (5), set the exchange current via described potential electrode (3) and the primary side by water according to electrical conductivity of water,
The upper electric current affecting primary side of the primary side (51) of electric current in described transformer (5) of-primary side, and
-described measurement electronic installation measures the electric current of described primary side for determining conductivity.
2. measurement mechanism according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that,
Described measurement electronic installation is by described transformer (5) and described potential electrode (3) electric isolution.
3. the measurement mechanism according to claims 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that,
Described measurement electronic installation has voltage divider or the other mechanism for booster tension, to promote the described alternating voltage signal of primary side, make the voltage intermediate value of the described alternating voltage signal of primary side be lifted beyond 0V value, especially more than the value of 2V and/or the described alternating voltage signal boost of primary side is just entirely to making described alternating voltage signal.
4. the measurement mechanism according to any one in the claims,
It is characterized in that,
Described measurement mechanism is configured to the resistivity for measuring 0k Ω cm to 10k Ω cm, and preferred tolerance is less than 10%.
5. the measurement mechanism according to any one in the claims,
It is characterized in that,
Except the measurement of conductivity, the temperature of the water in the region of described potential electrode (3) is measured and considers for determining conductivity.
6. the measurement mechanism according to any one in the claims,
It is characterized in that,
Described measurement electronic installation produces the described alternating voltage signal of primary side via the pulse-length modulation of frequency in 1kHz to 10kHz scope.
7. the instant electric water heater (200) for heating water, wherein
-to guide in the passage of water to be heated (208) at least one and be provided with at least one electrical heating elements, particularly bare wire (202), heat for water,
-be provided with two electrodes (3) for the measurement mechanism measured water to be heated or the electrical conductivity of water that heated, described in two described electrodes are arranged on, at least one guides in the passage (208) of water to be heated, for detection electrical conductivity of water, and in order to Analysis and measurement electronic installation connects, and wherein
-make described measurement mechanism interrupt the power supply of at least one heating element described when exceeding default limit conductance value.
8. instant electric water heater according to claim 7 (200),
It is characterized in that,
When exceeding described default limit conductance value after power failure, interrupt only exceed duration be effective, and lower than activate again during described default limit conductance value to the power supply of at least one heating element.
9. the instant electric water heater (200) according to claim 7 or 8,
It is characterized in that,
Relay is provided with in order to interruption of power supply.
10. the instant electric water heater (200) according to any one in claim 7 to 9,
It is characterized in that,
Use the measurement mechanism according to any one in claim 1 to 6.
11. instant electric water heaters (200) according to any one in claim 7 to 10,
It is characterized in that,
By contact with water, conduction, the element that is preferably made of copper is used as electrode (3), especially, at least one in the following element of major general, two is used separately as electrode especially:
-water inlet pipe (230), water flow in described instant electric water heater (200) through described water inlet pipe,
The cooling body (214) of-power semiconductor cooling device, for cooling for encouraging the power semiconductor of described at least one heating element (202),
-temperature-sensitive sticker housing (236), for the temperature-sensitive sticker (224) of the temperature held for measuring water, and
-rising pipe (234), water leaves described instant electric water heater through described rising pipe.
12. instant electric water heaters (200) according to any one in claim 7 to 11,
It is characterized in that,
Electrode (3)
-arranging with minimum spacing to each other, described minimum spacing is greater than 1cm, is preferably greater than 5cm, is especially greater than 10cm, and/or
-be made of copper.
13. 1 kinds for detecting the method for conductivity, it comprises the following steps
The alternating voltage signal of-generation primary side,
-by means of transformer (5), the described alternating voltage signal of primary side is transferred to the primary side (52) of described transformer from the primary side (51) of described transformer,
-the described alternating voltage signal be transferred in the primary side (52) of described transformer (5) is guided to the second electrode (3) via electrode (3) by water to be heated, and be back to described transformer (5) from described second electrode,
-detect the AC signal be formed in primary side on described transformer (5), and
-according to the alternating voltage signal determination conductivity that primary side was formed and was detected.
14. methods according to claim 13,
It is characterized in that,
The measurement mechanism according to any one in claim 1 to 6 and/or the instant electric water heater according to any one in claim 7 to 12 (200) is used in order to manner of execution.
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| CN201410077976.9A CN104897969B (en) | 2014-03-05 | 2014-03-05 | Method and apparatus for detecting conductivity in instant electric water heater |
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| DE102016013052A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Instantaneous water heater and method for controlling a continuous flow heater |
| CN108008200A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-05-08 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Water resistance detection device and watering equipment |
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| CN1541320A (en) * | 2001-08-13 | 2004-10-27 | ϣ | System and method for rapid heating of fluid |
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| DE102016013052A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Instantaneous water heater and method for controlling a continuous flow heater |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104897969B (en) | 2019-12-31 |
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