CN104897659A - Formaldehyde gas concentration detection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a formaldehyde gas concentration detection method. The method comprises the following steps: introducing a developer solution into a formaldehyde-containing mixed gas, detecting the absorbance of the developer solution absorbing formaldehyde at 410nm wavelength by using a spectrophotometer, and calculating the concentration of formaldehyde in the mixed gas according to the absorbance; and the developer solution comprises an enaminone organic solution and a buffer solution according to a volume ratio of 1:2-1:4. The detection method has the advantages of short detection time, accurate result, realization of the error not exceeding 0.2%, no interference of aldehydes on detection, no need of heating, and good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of chemical detection, particularly relate to a kind of detection method of formaldehyde gas.
Background technology
Formaldehyde is volatile organic compounds, and pollution source are a lot, are one of major pollutants of indoor environment.The indoor air formaldehyde content of national regulation must not be greater than 0.08mg/m
3.If formaldehyde in air is excessive, the health of the serious harm mankind.Carbaldehyde as colorless is tasteless, is not easily discovered by people, need measure by instrument.
Mainly contain four class methods at present and detect formaldehyde.(1) electrochemical assay, formaldehyde is through highly-breathable ionic membrane in electrode generation oxidation reaction, and electric current and the concentration of formaldehyde of generation are directly proportional.The method work baseline is unstable, affects larger by ambient temperature and humidity; (2) electric-resistivity method, formaldehyde, at metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) surface heat catalytic oxidation, consumes lattice surface oxygen concentration, causes semiconductor resistor to change.The method energy consumption is higher, almost have response to all volatile organic molecules, and sensitivity is not high.(3) chromatography, by content of formaldehyde in high resolution gas chromatography direct-detection gas, or detect with high performance liquid chromatography the solution that elution method concentrates formaldehyde gas, the method limits by instrument and equipment, cannot promote and use as average family.(4) spectrophotometric method, utilize organic molecule solution and the change of formaldehyde reaction generation color, the absorbance detecting the solution of certain wave strong point can record the concentration of formaldehyde.The method selectivity is high, reliable and stable, is therefore widely used, and is also national standard method, by most of methylene oxide detecting instrument is adopted on the market.
Spectrophotometric method, according to the classification of detection reagent, has phenol reagent, diacetone, off-color acid method, paramagenta, the spectrophotometric method such as 4-amino-3-hydrazine-5-sulfydryl-1,2,3-triazole (AHMT).Wherein phenol reagent chrominance response is rapid, and shortcoming is that other aldehydes exist interference.Acetylacetone method selectivity is high, substantially noiseless reaction, and shortcoming is that reaction velocity is slow, needs heating.It is generally acknowledged that sensitivity is lower, detectability is about 100ppb.Off-color acid method advantage is easy and simple to handle, rapid sensitive.Shortcoming is carried out in concentrated sulphuric acid medium, wayward, and aldehydes, vinyl compound and NO
2interference is had Deng to mensuration.The advantage of paramagenta method is easy to be sensitive, other aldehyde and phenol not interference measurement; Shortcoming is faded soon, and sensitivity is not high, easy temperature influence, employs poisonous mercury reagent, and chromogenic compound needs at least 60min just can reach stable absorption.AHMT method shortcoming is that other aldehydes also has response simultaneously, and discoloration is deepened in time simultaneously, needs strict fixing developing time.
Current spectrophotometric method has the bibliographical information of some test paper for formaldehyde detections, but great majority are all for formaldehyde in food content such as qualitative or half-quantitative detection marine products, and the test paper being applied to formaldehyde in air content detection is also few.Have the test paper adopting AHMT as developer in prior art, the major defect of these test paper is that detection sensitivity is low, can not meet the demand detecting indoor formaldehyde content completely.The surface heterogeneity of test paper also can affect reflectance simultaneously, and then the accuracy of impact test.And the test paper of load detecting reagent is all unstable, product storage life is too short.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of accuracy high, sensitivity reaches ppb rank, the method for the formaldehyde gas Concentration Testing that selectivity is high.
Concrete technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of detection method of formaldehyde gas concentration, the mixed gas containing formaldehyde is comprised the steps: to pass into chromogenic reagent solution, then detect the absorbance of chromogenic reagent solution at 410nm wavelength place after absorbing formaldehyde with spectrophotometer, calculate the concentration of formaldehyde in mixed gas according to the value of absorbance; Described chromogenic reagent solution is ketones with Enamino-esters organic solution and the buffer solution of volume ratio 1:2-1:4, and described ketones with Enamino-esters is 4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone.
Wherein in an embodiment, described ketones with Enamino-esters in organic solvent concentration is 0.1-1mol/L.
Wherein in an embodiment, described organic solvent is one or more in acetonitrile, isopropyl alcohol, dimethyl formamide, normal butyl alcohol.
Wherein in an embodiment, the time that mixed gas passes into chromogenic reagent solution is 25-30min.
Wherein in an embodiment, the pH value of described chromogenic reagent solution is 2-3.
Wherein in an embodiment, the pH value of described chromogenic reagent solution is 2.2.
One or more wherein in an embodiment, in the phthalic acid-hydrochloric acid of described buffer solution to be pH value be 2-3, acetic acid-hydrochloric acid, citrate-phosphate disodium hydrogen damping fluid.
Principle of the present invention and advantage as follows:
Ketones with Enamino-esters is 1,3-diketone, the 'beta '-ketoester or similar 1 of a class alkene definition containing N-C=C key, 3 bifunctional compounds. in a broad sense, containing the compound of N-C=C-C=O. be also often called enamine base ketone or beta-amino-α, alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone.
The reaction principle that ketones with Enamino-esters method detects formaldehyde is as follows:
This reaction product is yellow diacetyl dihydro lutidine, is dissolved in polar solvent, has maximum absorption band at 410nm place.This detection reaction selectivity is high, and other volatile organic matters are as alcohol, acid, ester, amine, and particularly other aldehyde etc. do not have disturbance reponse.React a step to carry out, do not need to add secondary color agent.Be swift in response, without the need to heating.
The present invention, using the organic solvent of ketones with Enamino-esters (4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone) as standard reserving solution, is dissolved in the damping fluid of PH=2-3, and preparation detects the chromogenic reagent solution of formaldehyde.Utilize developer to absorb the mixed gas containing formaldehyde, accurately can record 24 to 163ppb formaldehyde gas, error is no more than 0.2%.The method is short for detection time, and result is accurate, and other aldehydes are to detection not interference, and without the need to heating, the chromogenic reagent solution storage time is long, has good application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the absorbance linear relationship chart that variable concentrations formaldehyde records;
Fig. 2 is the graph of a relation that pH affects absorbance;
Fig. 3 is chromogenic reagent solution stability diagram;
Fig. 4 is the stability comparison diagram of different organic solvents preparation chromogenic reagent solution; (a) ethanol; (b) dimethyl sulfoxide; (c) intermediate water; (d) isopropyl alcohol (e) dimethyl formamide; (f) acetonitrile; (g) normal butyl alcohol;
Fig. 5 is that ketones with Enamino-esters method detects different interfering components and the comparison diagram of formaldehyde, each interfering component concentration is respectively 10ppm, wherein a-acetaldehyde, b-glyoxal, c-benzaldehyde, d-o-phthalaldehyde(OPA), e-terephthalaldehyde, f-acetone, the formaldehyde of g to be concentration be 163ppb;
Fig. 6 is that different buffer component detects formaldehyde comparison diagram.Wherein a-citrate-phosphate disodium hydrogen damping fluid, b-phthalic acid-hydrochloride buffer, c-acetic acid-hydrochloride buffer, solution PH=2.2.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention relates to following instrument and medicine:
4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone (98%) is purchased from Adamas Reagent Co., Ltd;
Benzaldehyde (GCS >=99.5%), o-phthalaldehyde(OPA) (98%), terephthalaldehyde (CP), glyoxal (40%wt.%in H2O), acetonitrile (99%) is purchased from Aladdin Chemistry Co.Ltd;
Sodium hydrogen phosphate (analyzing pure AR), glacial acetic acid (analyzing pure AR), phosphoric acid (analyzing pure AR) are purchased from Wuxi City Jing Ke Chemical Co., Ltd.;
Isopropyl alcohol (analyzing pure) is purchased from 1Guanghua Chemical Plant Co., Ltd., Guangdong, and normal butyl alcohol (analyzing pure) is purchased from Xilong Chemical Co., Ltd, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (analyzing pure) is purchased from Chinasun Specialty Products Co., Ltd;
Monohydrate potassium (analyzing pure), hydrochloric acid (analyzing pure), glycocoll (analyzing pure), acetone (analyzing pure), absolute ethyl alcohol (analyzing pure) are all purchased from Chinasun Specialty Products Co., Ltd;
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (analyzing pure), ammonium acetate (analyzing pure) are purchased from Tianjin good fortune chemical reagent factory in morning;
Phthalic acid (analyzing pure) is purchased from Shanghai Run Jie chemical reagent company limited;
Acetaldehyde (40% analysis is pure) is purchased from Tianjin great Mao chemical reagent factory.
Ultraviolet-visible pectrophotometer UV-3600, dynamic air-distributing device (KY-4), electronic balance (BSA224S-CW), standard gas generating apparatus (GASTEC, PD-1B-2), plum Teller-Tuo benefit acidometer (FE20K), hand held spectrophotometer (RF-100).
1. the preparation of standard reserving solution
The preparation of 1.1 ketones with Enamino-esters storing solutions
Accurately take 4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone, be dissolved in the acetonitrile of certain volume, compound concentration is the titer of the ketones with Enamino-esters organic solution of 0.5mol/L.
The preparation of 1.2 damping fluids
According in " analytical chemistry handbook " that chemical industry is published, consider the method detected in this experiment, select phthalic acid-hydrochloric acid, acetic acid-hydrochloric acid, citrate-phosphate disodium hydrogen three groups as the buffer solution investigated.
A. first 0.2mol/L hydrochloric acid, 0.2mol/L phthalic acid, 0.2mol/L acetic acid, 0.1mol/L citric acid, 0.2mol/L sodium hydrogen phosphate, each solution of 0.2mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate is prepared.
0.2mol/L hydrochloric acid, measures 1.672ml concentrated hydrochloric acid, with intermediate water constant volume in 100ml volumetric flask;
0.2mol/L phthalic acid, takes 2.0425g phthalic acid solid, with intermediate water constant volume in 50ml volumetric flask;
0.2mol/L acetic acid, measures 1.15ml glacial acetic acid, with intermediate water constant volume in 100ml volumetric flask
0.1mol/L citric acid, takes 2.101g citric acid, with intermediate water constant volume in 100ml volumetric flask;
0.2mol/L sodium hydrogen phosphate, takes 7.164g sodium hydrogen phosphate, with intermediate water constant volume in 100ml volumetric flask;
The each solution of 0.2mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate, takes 3.121g sodium dihydrogen phosphate, with intermediate water constant volume in 100ml volumetric flask.
The preparation of each damping fluid of b.PH=2.2:
Phthalic acid-the hydrochloride buffer of PH=2.2: 5ml0.2mol/L phthalic acid+4.670ml0.2mol/L hydrochloric acid;
Acetic acid-the hydrochloride buffer of PH=2.2: drip 0.2mol/L hydrochloric acid to 0.2mol/L acetic acid, with PH measurement amount solution pH value, stops to during PH=2.2;
The phosphate buffer of PH=2.2: 0.4ml0.2mol/L sodium hydrogen phosphate+19.60ml0.1mol/L citric acid
The preparation of the sodium hydrogen phosphate-citrate buffer solution of c.PH=1.0-7.0
PH=1.0, drips 0.2mol/L hydrochloric acid in 0.2mol/L sodium hydrogen phosphate, with PH measurement amount solution pH value, stops to during PH=1.0;
PH=2.2,0.40ml0.2mol/L sodium hydrogen phosphate+19.60ml0.1mol/L citric acid;
PH=3.0,4.11ml0.2mol/L sodium hydrogen phosphate+15.89ml0.1mol/L citric acid;
PH=4.0,7.71ml0.2mol/L sodium hydrogen phosphate+12.29ml0.1mol/L citric acid;
PH=5.0,10.30ml0.2mol/L sodium hydrogen phosphate+9.70ml0.1mol/L citric acid;
PH=6.0,12.63ml0.2mol/L sodium hydrogen phosphate+7.37ml0.1mol/L citric acid;
PH=7.0,16.47ml0.2mol/L sodium hydrogen phosphate+3.53ml0.1mol/L citric acid;
1.3 the configuration of standard coloration agent solution
Get 1ml ketones with Enamino-esters storing solution to add in 3mL damping fluid and mix, transfer to 5mL gas absorption pipe.
1.4 the acquisition of normal concentration formaldehyde gas
Prepare: formaldehyde osmos tube is inserted in the sample cell of PD-1B-2 type gas generator, under bath temperature 50 DEG C of conditions, with flow 0.2L/min high-purity N
2gas ventilation 12h.
Use: under bath temperature 50 DEG C of conditions, pass into certain flow (0.3-2L) high-purity N
2, by formula C=(K*Pr*L) and/F calculates, and change flow rate F, the formaldehyde standard gas of variable concentrations C can be obtained.
The preparation of 1.5 interference gas
Select acetaldehyde, glyoxal, benzaldehyde, o-phthalaldehyde(OPA), terephthalaldehyde, acetone six kinds of materials investigate as target jamming gas.
According to the function of PD-1B-2 type gas generating unit, anemostat is selected to take up neat liquid or the solid of interfering material.Bath temperature 50 DEG C, N
2under the condition of flow F=200mL/min, after each interfering material keeps 60min in gas generating unit, take out to be cooled to room temperature, the situation of change of volume before and after weighing.Calculate corresponding diffusion coefficient D r, then calculate the concentration of each material according to C=(K*Dr*1000)/F.
2. the detection of concentration of formaldehyde in mixed gas
In loading pH value 2.2,4ml ketones with Enamino-esters concentration is after passing into formaldehyde gas (concentration range 24-163ppb) 30min in the detection liquid absorption tube of 0.125mol/L, transfer solution is to 12.5mm × 12.5mm standard quartz cuvette, with ultraviolet-visible pectrophotometer in wavelength 410nm place scanning absorbance A value, before deduction absorbs formaldehyde gas, developer is after 410nm place background absorption, calculates the concentration of formaldehyde in mixed gas according to the value of absorbance.To the formaldehyde gas of same concentration, carry out three parallel laboratory tests, can obtain gas flow is that the ketones with Enamino-esters method of 0.3L/min detects the repeatability of formaldehyde gas and linear relationship.
3. case study on implementation
3.14-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone acetonitrile solution detects formaldehyde
The citrate-phosphate disodium hydrogen buffer solution being the 0.2mol/L of 2.2 by the 4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone acetonitrile solution of 1mL0.125mol/L and 3mL pH value is mixedly configured into 4mL chromogenic reagent solution, passing into 30 minutes 0.3L/min is respectively 24.6 containing concentration of formaldehyde, 48.9,97.8,122.3,163ppb gas, before deduction absorption formaldehyde after background, records 410nm place spectrophotometric.Result as shown in Figure 1.Horizontal ordinate is concentration of formaldehyde, and ordinate is 410nm absorbance.Curve is least-squares algorithm linear fitting result, R
2=0.9956.
Fig. 1 is the linear relationship chart detecting formaldehyde based on 4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone acetonitrile solution, is within the scope of 24-163ppb at concentration of formaldehyde, linear relationship y=a+bx (a=0.00863, the b=7.29*10 of gained
-4), R
2=0.9956.Wherein 24ppb is dynamic gas distribution instrument concentration limit, by further optimal conditions, estimates that the method detectability can be lower.
3.2 duration of ventilation are investigated
Other conditions with case study on implementation 1, duration of ventilation t<25min, then the cumulative concentration of formaldehyde gas is inadequate, and the error of testing result strengthens; Duration of ventilation t>30min, then there is the loss of larger volume in solution, also can produce considerable influence to testing result.Select 30min as the duration of ventilation of this detection reaction.
3.3pH value
4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone the acetonitrile solution of 1mL0.5mol/L and (pH=1.0-7.0) sodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid solution of 3mL0.2mol/L are mixedly configured into 4mL formaldehyde chromogenic reagent solution, pass into 30 minutes 0.3L/min containing 163pbb formaldehyde test gas, after background correction, record 410nm place absorbance.Result as shown in Figure 2.
As can be seen from Figure 2, within the scope of pH value scope 1.0-7.0, absorbance first increases and then decreases, when pH=2.2, absorbance is maximum.Illustrate, ketones with Enamino-esters method detects formaldehyde to be affected comparatively large by pH value, and the scope internal absorbance value of pH value 2-3 is comparatively large, and the best pH value detecting formaldehyde by ketones with Enamino-esters method is 2.2.
3.4 developer
Other conditional synchronization rapid 2, be under the condition of 2.2 in pH value, the formaldehyde gas 30min that concentration is 163ppb is passed into, in 410nm place scanning absorbance A value in the 0.125mol/L developer that the different ketenes amine of 4ml (4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone, 4-dimethylamino-3-butene-2-one, (3Z)-4-[(2-hydroxyethyl) is amino]-3-amylene-2-ketone) is configured to.
Result shows that only 4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone can detect formaldehyde, and other ketones with Enamino-esters absorb excessive at 410nm place background, cannot detect formaldehyde as developer.
The stability of 3.5 detections liquid (chromogenic reagent solution)
Detect the composition of liquid: the 4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone acetonitrile solution of 1mL0.5mol/L and the citrate-phosphate disodium hydrogen buffer solution of 3mL0.2mol/L are mixedly configured into 4mL formaldehyde chromogenic reagent (pH value is 2.2).Take intermediate water as background, within the time period of 120min, the situation of change of the absorbance of Scanning Detction liquid.Result as shown in Figure 3.
As can be seen from Figure 3, within the time period of 120min, the absorbance of formaldehyde examination liquid remains unchanged substantially.The existence that ketones with Enamino-esters method detection formaldehyde examination liquid can be stable is described, shows the reliability of the method.
The stability of 3.6 organic stock solutions
Other are with step 3.3, and the organic solvent dissolving 4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone changes ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, intermediate water, isopropyl alcohol, dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile and normal butyl alcohol into; Result as shown in Figure 4.
Ketones with Enamino-esters is stored in rear four kinds of organic solvents as can be seen from Figure 4: when isopropyl alcohol, dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile and normal butyl alcohol, one day (24h) interior storing solution absorbance is not any change, to show that in these organic solvents the holding time is longer, expectation can reach the several months.And intermediate water, dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol are not suitable for doing deposit solvent, increase gradually because absorbance increases in time.
3.7 selectivity
Other testing conditions, with step 2, add disturbance thing in formaldehyde distribution pipeline, at gas flow rate 0.3L/min, under the condition of duration of ventilation 30min, absorb different interference gas components with detection liquid.In 410nm place scanning absorbance A value.Getting each interferent concentration is 10ppm, compares with the absorbance of the formaldehyde absorbing 163ppb concentration.
4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone the acetonitrile solution of 1mL0.5mol/L and the phosphate buffered solution of 3mL0.2mol/L are mixedly configured into 4mL formaldehyde chromogenic reagent (pH value is 2.2), pass into the formaldehyde test gas that 30 minutes 0.3L/min concentration is 163pbb respectively, or concentration be respectively 10ppm acetaldehyde test gas, glyoxal test gas, benzaldehyde test gas, o-phthalaldehyde(OPA) test gas, terephthalaldehyde test gas or acetone test gas, after background correction, record 410nm place spectrophotometric.Result as shown in Figure 5.
As can be seen from Figure 5, under same experimental conditions, at least large more than 6 times of the absorbance of other test gas of the dulling luminosity ratio 10ppm of 163ppb formaldehyde, shows that detecting formaldehyde by ketones with Enamino-esters method has good selectivity.
3.8 buffer component
Other testing conditions are with step 3.3, and buffer component changes citrate-phosphate disodium hydrogen damping fluid, phthalic acid-hydrochloride buffer or the acetic acid-hydrochloride buffer that pH value is 2.2 into, and the concentration of described buffer solution is 0.15-0.25mol/L.Result as shown in Figure 6.
From Fig. 6 can, in different buffer solution, 4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone effectively can detect formaldehyde.Therefore ketones with Enamino-esters method is not limited to the concrete component of buffer solution.
Conclusion: the present invention, using the organic solvent of ketones with Enamino-esters (4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone) as standard reserving solution, is dissolved in the damping fluid of pH=2-3, preparation detects the developer of formaldehyde.What utilize developer absorption 30min flow to be 0.3L/min contains formaldehyde gas, and accurately can record 24 to 163ppb formaldehyde gas, error is no more than 0.2%.The method is short for detection time, reacts a step and carries out, and result is accurate, and other aldehydes, to detection not interference, without the need to heating, have good application prospect.
The above embodiment only have expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (7)
1. the detection method of a formaldehyde gas concentration, it is characterized in that, the mixed gas containing formaldehyde is comprised the steps: to pass into chromogenic reagent solution, then detect the absorbance of chromogenic reagent solution at 410nm wavelength place after absorbing formaldehyde with spectrophotometer, calculate the concentration of formaldehyde in mixed gas according to the value of absorbance; Described chromogenic reagent solution is ketones with Enamino-esters organic solution and the buffer solution of volume ratio 1:2-1:4, and described ketones with Enamino-esters is 4-amino-3-amylene-2-ketone.
2. the detection method of concentration of formaldehyde gas according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described ketones with Enamino-esters in organic solvent concentration is 0.1-1mol/L.
3. the detection method of concentration of formaldehyde gas according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described organic solvent is one or more in acetonitrile, isopropyl alcohol, dimethyl formamide, normal butyl alcohol.
4. the detection method of the concentration of formaldehyde gas according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, the time that mixed gas passes into chromogenic reagent solution is 25-30min.
5. the detection method of the concentration of formaldehyde gas according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, the pH value of described chromogenic reagent solution is 2-3.
6. the detection method of concentration of formaldehyde gas according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the pH value of described chromogenic reagent solution is 2.2.
7. the detection method of the concentration of formaldehyde gas according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, one or more in the phthalic acid-hydrochloric acid of described buffer solution to be pH value be 2-3, acetic acid-hydrochloric acid, citrate-phosphate disodium hydrogen damping fluid.
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