CN104897449A - Method for configuring human tissue dielectric property simulating material - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 77
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 49
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- LPNBBFKOUUSUDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-toluic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 LPNBBFKOUUSUDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物物理技术领域,具体涉及一种人体组织介电特性模拟材料的配置方法,该方法首先进行配方样本的制备,然后测量确认所述配方样本的介电特性,并建立介电特性和配方样本比例调节因子之间的函数关系,最后利用建立的含有多调节因子的介电特性和配方比例之间的函数关系式,求解任意指定的电导率和介电常数搭配的介电特性的模拟材料的各种配方比例,制备所指定的模拟材料;本发明采用数据拟合技术来快速计算获得人体组织介电特性模拟材料配方中各种材料的混合比例的方法,采用该方法可以方便快捷地配置任意指定的电导率和介电常数搭配的介电特性模拟材料。
The present invention relates to the technical field of biophysics, in particular to a method for configuring a material for simulating the dielectric properties of human tissue. The method firstly prepares a formula sample, then measures and confirms the dielectric properties of the formula sample, and establishes the dielectric properties and The functional relationship between the formula sample proportion adjustment factors, and finally use the established functional relationship between the dielectric properties with multiple adjustment factors and the formula proportion to solve the simulation of the dielectric properties with any specified conductivity and permittivity Various formula ratios of materials to prepare the designated simulation materials; the present invention uses data fitting technology to quickly calculate and obtain the mixing ratio of various materials in the formula of human tissue dielectric characteristic simulation materials, which can be conveniently and quickly Configure a dielectric property simulation material with any specified conductivity and permittivity.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及生物物理技术领域,具体涉及一种人体组织介电特性模拟材料的配置方法。The invention relates to the technical field of biophysics, in particular to a configuration method of a material for simulating the dielectric properties of human tissue.
背景技术Background technique
物质在电磁场中表现出来的电磁特性可以看作是物质的固有属性,人体组织也不例外。人体组织在电磁场中会表现出一定的电特性和磁特性。电特性,有时也称为介电特性(EPs),主要是指组织的电导率和电容率(又叫介电常数),磁特性是指组织的磁导率。一般而言,人体组织是非磁性物质,其磁导率接近真空中的磁导率,可被看作是常数。人体组织各处的EPs与组织内非均匀分布的绝缘的细胞膜和导电的电解液等有关,因此组织各处的EPs分布呈现非均匀性,并具有频率依赖性。The electromagnetic properties exhibited by matter in the electromagnetic field can be regarded as the inherent properties of matter, and human tissue is no exception. Human tissue exhibits certain electrical and magnetic properties in an electromagnetic field. Electrical properties, sometimes called dielectric properties (EPs), mainly refer to the electrical conductivity and permittivity (also known as dielectric constant) of tissues, and magnetic properties refer to the permeability of tissues. Generally speaking, human tissue is a non-magnetic substance, and its magnetic permeability is close to the magnetic permeability in vacuum, which can be regarded as a constant. The EPs in human tissue are related to the non-uniform distribution of insulating cell membrane and conductive electrolyte in the tissue, so the distribution of EPs in the tissue is non-uniform and frequency-dependent.
研究电磁场与生物组织的作用机制和作用效应,是非常重要的科学研究领域之一,相关研究成果,已经为人类的健康事业做出了巨大贡献。比如,磁共振成像(MRI)系统,其本质就是强的静磁场、梯度磁场、射频磁场与人体组织相互作用的系统,现在已经成为临床疾病诊断必不可少的重要的大型影像设备之一;再比如,各种电磁理疗设备、电磁聚焦肿瘤热消融治疗设备等,其本质都是不同形态的电磁场与人体组织的相互作用系统。另外,电磁场与人体组织的相互作用的非热效应研究,还有很多问题没有解决,目前也是生物物理领域的研究热点之一。在研究上述的电磁场和人体组织相互作用关系时,获得电磁场在组织内的分布是关键的研究内容。其中之一的方法,就是研制能够模拟人体组织介电特性的人工材料,采用这样的人工材料来模拟人体组织分布,再通过电场和磁场的测量获得材料内电磁场的分布。It is one of the very important fields of scientific research to study the mechanism and effect of electromagnetic fields and biological tissues. The relevant research results have made great contributions to the cause of human health. For example, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, which is essentially a system in which strong static magnetic fields, gradient magnetic fields, and radiofrequency magnetic fields interact with human tissue, has now become one of the important large-scale imaging equipment that is essential for clinical disease diagnosis; For example, various electromagnetic physiotherapy equipment, electromagnetic focusing tumor thermal ablation treatment equipment, etc., are essentially interaction systems between different forms of electromagnetic fields and human tissues. In addition, there are still many unsolved problems in the study of the non-thermal effect of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and human tissues, and it is also one of the research hotspots in the field of biophysics. When studying the above-mentioned interaction between the electromagnetic field and human tissue, obtaining the distribution of the electromagnetic field in the tissue is the key research content. One of the methods is to develop artificial materials that can simulate the dielectric properties of human tissue, use such artificial materials to simulate the distribution of human tissue, and then obtain the electromagnetic field distribution in the material through the measurement of electric field and magnetic field.
在过去的几十年里,许多学者提出来多种组织介电特性模拟材料。一般而言,这些模拟材料通常为液体、固体和凝胶(半固体)形式,由于胶状材料同人体组织具有物理相似性,以及他们能够模拟大范围的组织介电特性,因此最受欢迎。根据基本成分,这些胶状的模拟材料可分为几类,目前相关研究的简要总结在表1中列出。由Chou et al(1984)和Surowiec etal(1992)提出的介质材料的保存时间非常有限,即使在密封的容器内也只能保存两周;同时,由TX-150、聚乙烯粉、铝粉、水和氯化钠组成的介质材料(Chou et al 1984),以及由TX-151、琼脂、聚乙烯粉、氯化钠和水组成的介质材料(Ito et al 2001,Onishi and Uebayashi 2006)不能模拟低含水量的组织。Marchal et al(1989)和Sunaga et al(2003)提出一种基于明胶-水的介质材料来模拟组织,然而不同明胶浓度的两种材料直接接触放置时会发生溶剂扩散,所以这些材料不能制作具有长期稳定性的非均质体模。一种由Lazebnik et al(2005),Lai et al(2011)和Bakar et al(2011)提出的油-明胶材料能够在很大的频率范围内模拟各种生物组织的介电特性,同时具有长期稳定性。但由于此种材料只采用油的体积百分比作为可调节因子,导致相对介电常数和电导率的改变是相互关联的,因此该方法不能同时精确模拟任意指定的相对介电常数和电导率。Yuan et al(2012)在油-明胶材料的基础上增加了氯化钠,采用油的体积百分比和氯化钠浓度两个可调节因子。这样就使得模拟不同的相对介电常数和电导率的组合变得可能。然而,在调整油的体积百分比和氯化钠浓度这两个可调节因子中的任何一个因子时,都会使相对介电常数和电导率同时改变。致使获取各种人体组织(数以百计的包括各种健康和肿瘤不同生理病理状态下的组织类型)的模拟材料成为一个异常繁琐的工作。In the past few decades, many scholars have proposed a variety of tissue dielectric properties simulation materials. In general, these simulated materials are usually in liquid, solid and gel (semi-solid) forms, with gel-like materials being the most popular due to their physical similarity to human tissue and their ability to simulate a wide range of tissue dielectric properties. According to the basic composition, these colloidal simulants can be divided into several categories, and a brief summary of the current related research is listed in Table 1. The storage time of the dielectric material proposed by Chou et al (1984) and Surowiec et al (1992) is very limited, even in a sealed container, it can only be preserved for two weeks; meanwhile, by TX-150, polyethylene powder, aluminum powder, Dielectric materials consisting of water and NaCl (Chou et al 1984), and media materials consisting of TX-151, agar, polyethylene powder, NaCl, and water (Ito et al 2001, Onishi and Uebayashi 2006) cannot simulate Tissues with low water content. Marchal et al (1989) and Sunaga et al (2003) proposed a gelatin-water-based medium material to simulate tissue, but solvent diffusion will occur when two materials with different gelatin concentrations are placed in direct contact, so these materials cannot be fabricated with Long-term stability of heterogeneous phantoms. An oil-gelatin material proposed by Lazebnik et al (2005), Lai et al (2011) and Bakar et al (2011) is capable of simulating the dielectric properties of various biological tissues over a wide frequency range while having long-term stability. However, since this material only uses the volume percentage of oil as an adjustable factor, the changes in relative permittivity and conductivity are interrelated, so this method cannot accurately simulate any specified relative permittivity and conductivity at the same time. Yuan et al (2012) added sodium chloride to the oil-gelatin material, using two adjustable factors, the volume percentage of oil and the concentration of sodium chloride. This makes it possible to simulate different combinations of relative permittivity and conductivity. However, when adjusting either of the two adjustable factors, the volume percentage of oil and the concentration of sodium chloride, the relative permittivity and conductivity will be changed at the same time. As a result, obtaining simulated materials of various human tissues (hundreds of tissue types including various healthy and tumors under different physiological and pathological states) has become an extremely cumbersome work.
综上所述,现有模拟材料配置技术均无法直接获得任意指定的电导率和介电常数搭配的介电特性模拟材料的各种配方的比例,亟需提供一种能够计算“具有任意指定的电导率和介电常数搭配的介电特性的模拟材料的各种配方”的比例的方法。To sum up, none of the existing simulation material configuration technologies can directly obtain the proportions of various formulations of the dielectric property simulation materials with any specified conductivity and permittivity. Conductivity and permittivity paired with the dielectric properties of various formulations of simulated materials" ratiometric method.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足提供一种人体组织介电特性模拟材料的配置方法,采用数据拟合技术来快速计算获得人体组织介电特性模拟材料配方中各种材料的混合比例的方法,采用该方法可以方便快捷地配置任意指定的电导率和介电常数搭配的介电特性模拟材料。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a configuration method of human tissue dielectric property simulation material in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, using data fitting technology to quickly calculate and obtain the mixing ratio of various materials in the human tissue dielectric property simulation material formula This method can be used to conveniently and quickly configure the dielectric characteristic simulation material with any specified conductivity and permittivity.
本发明通过以下技术方案实现该目的:The present invention realizes this object through the following technical solutions:
一种人体组织介电特性模拟材料的配置方法,包括以下步骤:A method for configuring a material for simulating the dielectric properties of human tissue, comprising the following steps:
1)制备若干配方样本,所述配方样本包括油、氯化钠、明胶、对甲基苯甲酸、正丙醇、表面活性剂、去离子水和甲醛,所述配方样本按照油和氯化钠的含量由低到高搭配;1) Prepare some formula samples, said formula samples include oil, sodium chloride, gelatin, p-toluic acid, n-propanol, surfactant, deionized water and formaldehyde, said formula samples are prepared according to oil and sodium chloride content from low to high;
2)测量确认所述配方样本的介电特性,多次测量计算平均值和相对标准偏差,对相对标准偏差不符合要求的样本进行重新制作并测量介电特性;2) Measure and confirm the dielectric properties of the formula sample, calculate the average value and relative standard deviation for multiple measurements, and remake and measure the dielectric properties of samples whose relative standard deviation does not meet the requirements;
3)建立介电特性和配方样本比例调节因子之间的函数关系,所述配方比例调节因子分别为油的含量和氯化钠的含量;3) establish the functional relationship between the dielectric properties and the formula sample proportion adjustment factor, the formula proportion adjustment factor is respectively the content of oil and the content of sodium chloride;
4)利用建立的含有多调节因子的介电特性和配方比例之间的函数关系式,求解任意指定的电导率和介电常数搭配的介电特性的模拟材料的各种配方比例,制备所指定的模拟材料。4) Using the established functional relationship between the dielectric properties and the formula ratio containing multiple adjustment factors, solve the various formula ratios of the simulated materials with the dielectric properties of the arbitrarily specified conductivity and permittivity, and prepare the specified simulated material.
其中,所述配方样本的制备按照以下步骤进行:Wherein, the preparation of the formula sample is carried out according to the following steps:
a、在容器中加入0.1~0.5g对甲基苯甲酸和5~15mL的正丙醇,加热至30~50℃并搅拌使得对甲基苯甲酸充分溶解;a. Add 0.1-0.5g of p-toluic acid and 5-15mL of n-propanol into the container, heat to 30-50°C and stir to fully dissolve p-toluic acid;
b、继续向容器中加入85~95mL的去离子水,去离子水的温度保持为室温;b. Continue to add 85-95mL of deionized water to the container, and keep the temperature of the deionized water at room temperature;
c、继续向容器中加入15~20g明胶,使得明胶充分侵泡在溶液中并保持室温条件;c. Continue to add 15-20g of gelatin to the container, so that the gelatin is fully soaked in the solution and kept at room temperature;
d、利用薄膜型材料将容器封口并常温静置3~4h;d. Use a film-type material to seal the container and let it stand at room temperature for 3 to 4 hours;
e、在薄膜型材料上扎出若干小洞,将容器放置于65~70℃的水浴中加热10~15min;e. Make some small holes on the film-type material, place the container in a water bath at 65-70°C and heat it for 10-15 minutes;
f、充分搅拌直至明胶完全溶解制得明胶溶液,去除表面气泡,冷却至50℃备用;f. Stir fully until the gelatin is completely dissolved to prepare a gelatin solution, remove surface air bubbles, and cool to 50°C for later use;
g、将油加热至50℃备用;g. Heat the oil to 50°C for later use;
h、按照顺序分别将100~20mL的明胶溶液和0~80mL的油加入到另一个容器中,并分别加入0~1.40g的氯化钠,并保持溶液的温度为50℃;h. Add 100-20mL of gelatin solution and 0-80mL of oil into another container in order, and add 0-1.40g of sodium chloride respectively, and keep the temperature of the solution at 50°C;
i、剧烈搅拌直至所有油化为小液滴分散在溶液中,加入0.5~10mL的表面活性剂,并充分搅拌至溶液接近白色;i. Stir vigorously until all the oil turns into small droplets and disperse in the solution, add 0.5-10mL of surfactant, and stir well until the solution is close to white;
j、继续向容器中加入10~15mL的甲醛溶液,持续搅拌至均匀,按照不同的油和明胶的比例搭配,完成配方样本的制备;j. Continue to add 10-15mL of formaldehyde solution to the container, continue to stir until uniform, and mix according to the ratio of different oils and gelatin to complete the preparation of the formula sample;
k、将制备的配方样本密封置于阴凉处,直至配方样本完全凝固。k. Seal the prepared formula sample and place it in a cool place until the formula sample is completely solidified.
其中,所述配方样本包括若干组,每组配方样品的油与明胶的比例固定,氯化钠的含量由低到高搭配,各组之间油的比例由低到高搭配,明胶的比例由高到低搭配。Wherein, the formula sample includes several groups, the ratio of oil and gelatin in each group of formula samples is fixed, the content of sodium chloride is matched from low to high, the ratio of oil between each group is matched from low to high, and the ratio of gelatin is changed from low to high. High to low collocation.
作为优选的,所述各配方样本中的油、明胶以及氯化钠的含量按照以下含量添加:As preferably, the content of oil, gelatin and sodium chloride in each formula sample is added according to the following content:
其中,所述步骤2)具体为:采用50欧母匹配阻抗的同轴线作为探头,将探头插入待测配方样本中,利用网络分析仪测量网络系数,取多次测量的结果的平均值,利用开端同轴探头法介电特性测量原理,计算得到被测配方样本的介电特性;采用测量样本不同部位的介电特性的分布的方法来评估配方样本的均匀性,每个样本被分割成不同部分,在不同部分的表面测量不同位置,在每个位置多次测量,并且测量完每个点后用纸巾清洁同轴线探头,防止探头上的油污影响结果;Wherein, the step 2) is specifically: using a coaxial cable with 50 ohm matching impedance as a probe, inserting the probe into the formula sample to be tested, using a network analyzer to measure the network coefficient, and taking the average value of the results of multiple measurements, Using the dielectric property measurement principle of the open-end coaxial probe method, the dielectric properties of the tested formula sample are calculated; the method of measuring the distribution of the dielectric properties of different parts of the sample is used to evaluate the uniformity of the formula sample, and each sample is divided into For different parts, measure different positions on the surface of different parts, measure multiple times at each position, and clean the coaxial probe with a paper towel after measuring each point to prevent the oil on the probe from affecting the results;
最后计算平均值和相对标准偏差,对相对标准偏差不符合要求的样本进行重新制作并再次重新测量电特性。Finally, the average value and relative standard deviation are calculated, and the samples whose relative standard deviation does not meet the requirements are remade and the electrical characteristics are remeasured again.
作为优选的,所述评估配方样本均匀性的具体步骤为:将每个配方样本被分割成两半,含有三个表面,对于每一个表面测量5个不同位置,每个位置记录5次测量数据,从每个配方样本共收集75组测量数据;测量每个位置前同轴线探头固定在测量点10-15分钟;Preferably, the specific step of evaluating the uniformity of the formula sample is: dividing each formula sample into two halves, containing three surfaces, measuring 5 different positions for each surface, and recording 5 measurement data for each position , A total of 75 sets of measurement data were collected from each formula sample; the coaxial probe was fixed at the measurement point for 10-15 minutes before measuring each position;
最后计算平均值和相对标准偏差,对相对标准偏差超过5%的样本进行重新制作并测量电特性。Finally, the average value and relative standard deviation were calculated, and the samples with relative standard deviation exceeding 5% were recreated and the electrical characteristics were measured.
其中,所述步骤3)具体为:Wherein, the step 3) is specifically:
将油的含量和氯化钠的含量作为配方含量比例的调节因子,在相同的氯化钠浓度下,相对介电常数表示为关于油的体积百分比的一阶多项式,表达式如下:With the content of oil and the content of sodium chloride as the adjustment factor of formula content ratio, under the same concentration of sodium chloride, relative dielectric constant is expressed as a first-order polynomial about the volume percentage of oil, and the expression is as follows:
ε'=m(N)+n(N)O, (1)ε'=m(N)+n(N)O, (1)
其中,ε′表示相对介电常数,O是油的体积百分比(0%-80%),m(N)和n(N)是关于N的系数,N是氯化钠浓度,在每个不同的氯化钠浓度下得到一组m(N)和n(N)两个系数同氯化钠浓度的关系,系数m(N)通过关于N的线性方程表示,而n(N)通过二次方程表示,因此相对介电常数和两个可调节因子间的关系可通过下式表示:Among them, ε' represents the relative dielectric constant, O is the volume percentage of oil (0%-80%), m(N) and n(N) are coefficients about N, N is the concentration of sodium chloride, in each different The relationship between two coefficients m(N) and n(N) and the concentration of sodium chloride is obtained under the concentration of sodium chloride. The coefficient m(N) is expressed by a linear equation about N, while n(N) is expressed by a quadratic Equation, so the relationship between the relative permittivity and the two adjustable factors can be expressed by the following formula:
ε'=a0+a1N+(a2+a3N+a4N2)O. (2)ε'=a 0 +a 1 N+(a 2 +a 3 N+a 4 N 2 )O. (2)
其中,a0到a4是方程系数;Among them, a 0 to a 4 are equation coefficients;
在相同的油体积百分比下,电导率表示为关于氯化钠浓度的一阶多项式,表达式如下:Under the same oil volume percentage, the conductivity is expressed as a first-order polynomial with respect to the concentration of NaCl as follows:
σ=f(O)+g(O)N, (3)σ=f(O)+g(O)N, (3)
其中,σ表示相对介电常数(S/m),N是氯化钠浓度,f(O)和g(O)是关于O的系数,O是油的体积百分比,在每个不同的油体积百分比下得到一组f(O)和g(O)两个系数同油体积百分比的关系,系数f(O)通过关于O的三次方程表示,而g(O)通过二次方程表示,因此电导率和两个可调节因子间的关系可通过下式表示:Among them, σ represents the relative permittivity (S/m), N is the concentration of NaCl, f(O) and g(O) are the coefficients about O, O is the volume percentage of oil, in each different oil volume The relationship between a set of f(O) and g(O) coefficients and the oil volume percentage is obtained under the percentage. The coefficient f(O) is expressed by a cubic equation about O, and g(O) is expressed by a quadratic equation, so the conductivity The relationship between the rate and the two adjustable factors can be expressed by the following formula:
σ=b0+b1O+b2O2+b3O3+(b4+b5O+b6O2)N. (4)σ=b 0 +b 1 O+b 2 O 2 +b 3 O 3 +(b 4 +b 5 O+b 6 O 2 )N. (4)
其中,b0到b6是方程系数;Among them, b 0 to b 6 are equation coefficients;
其中,方程系数a0到a4、b0到b6可根据测量得到的各配方样本的介电特性,采用非线性最小二乘法数据拟合计算方法计算获得。Among them, the equation coefficients a 0 to a 4 and b 0 to b 6 can be calculated by using the non-linear least square method data fitting calculation method according to the measured dielectric properties of each formulation sample.
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:本发明的人体组织介电特性模拟材料的配置方法,首先进行配方样本的制备,然后测量确认所述配方样本的介电特性,并建立介电特性和配方样本比例调节因子之间的函数关系,最后利用建立的含有多调节因子的介电特性和配方比例之间的函数关系式,求解任意指定的电导率和介电常数搭配的介电特性的模拟材料的各种配方比例,制备所指定的模拟材料;本发明采用数据拟合技术来快速计算获得人体组织介电特性模拟材料配方中各种材料的混合比例的方法,采用该方法可以方便快捷地配置任意指定的电导率和介电常数搭配的介电特性模拟材料。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is: the configuration method of the human tissue dielectric characteristic simulation material of the present invention firstly prepares the formula sample, then measures and confirms the dielectric property of the formula sample, and establishes the dielectric property The functional relationship between the properties and the formula sample ratio adjustment factor, and finally use the established functional relationship between the dielectric properties and the formula ratio containing multiple adjustment factors to solve the dielectric properties of any specified conductivity and permittivity. The various formula ratios of the simulated materials are used to prepare the designated simulated materials; the present invention uses data fitting technology to quickly calculate and obtain the mixing ratio of various materials in the formula of the simulated material for the dielectric properties of human tissue, and the method can be used to facilitate Quickly and easily configure dielectric property simulation materials with any specified conductivity and permittivity.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的模拟材料的配方比例示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the formula ratio of the simulated material of the present invention.
图2为相对介电常数随油的含量变化示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of relative permittivity with oil content.
图3为m(N)随氯化钠的含量变化示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of m(N) with the content of sodium chloride.
图4为n(N)随氯化钠的含量变化示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of n(N) with the content of sodium chloride.
图5为电导率随氯化钠的含量变化示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of electrical conductivity with the content of sodium chloride.
图6为f(O)随油的含量变化示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of f(O) with oil content.
图7为g(O)随油的含量变化示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the change of g(O) with the content of oil.
图8为介电特性的测量示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of dielectric properties.
图中:1-计算机,2-网络分析仪,3-同轴线,4-待测配方样本。In the figure: 1-computer, 2-network analyzer, 3-coaxial cable, 4-recipe sample to be tested.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图及具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例。Example.
本实施例的一种人体组织介电特性模拟材料的配置方法,包括以下步骤:A method for configuring a material for simulating the dielectric properties of human tissue in this embodiment includes the following steps:
1)制备若干配方样本,所述配方样本包括油(花生油)、氯化钠、明胶、对甲基苯甲酸、正丙醇、表面活性剂、去离子水和甲醛,所述配方样本按照油和氯化钠的含量由低到高搭配;1) prepare some formula samples, described formula sample comprises oil (peanut oil), sodium chloride, gelatin, p-toluic acid, n-propanol, surfactant, deionized water and formaldehyde, described formula sample according to oil and The content of sodium chloride is matched from low to high;
其中,所述配方样本的制备按照以下步骤进行:Wherein, the preparation of the formula sample is carried out according to the following steps:
a、在容器中加入0.1~0.5g对甲基苯甲酸和5~15mL的正丙醇,加热至30~50℃并搅拌使得对甲基苯甲酸充分溶解;a. Add 0.1-0.5g of p-toluic acid and 5-15mL of n-propanol into the container, heat to 30-50°C and stir to fully dissolve p-toluic acid;
b、继续向容器中加入85~95mL的去离子水,去离子水的温度保持为室温;b. Continue to add 85-95mL of deionized water to the container, and keep the temperature of the deionized water at room temperature;
c、继续向容器中加入15~20g明胶,使得明胶充分侵泡在溶液中并保持室温条件;c. Continue to add 15-20g of gelatin to the container, so that the gelatin is fully soaked in the solution and kept at room temperature;
d、利用薄膜型材料将容器封口并常温静置3~4h;d. Use a film-type material to seal the container and let it stand at room temperature for 3 to 4 hours;
e、在薄膜型材料上扎出若干小洞,将容器放置于65~70℃的水浴中加热10~15min;e. Make some small holes on the film-type material, place the container in a water bath at 65-70°C and heat it for 10-15 minutes;
f、充分搅拌直至明胶完全溶解制得明胶溶液,去除表面气泡,冷却至50℃备用;f. Stir fully until the gelatin is completely dissolved to prepare a gelatin solution, remove surface air bubbles, and cool to 50°C for later use;
g、将油加热至50℃备用;g. Heat the oil to 50°C for later use;
h、按照顺序分别将100~20mL的明胶溶液和0~80mL的油加入到另一个容器中,并分别加入0~1.40g的氯化钠,并保持溶液的温度为50℃;h. Add 100-20mL of gelatin solution and 0-80mL of oil into another container in order, and add 0-1.40g of sodium chloride respectively, and keep the temperature of the solution at 50°C;
i、剧烈搅拌直至所有油化为小液滴分散在溶液中,加入0.5~10mL的表面活性剂,并充分搅拌至溶液接近白色;i. Stir vigorously until all the oil turns into small droplets and disperse in the solution, add 0.5-10mL of surfactant, and stir well until the solution is close to white;
j、继续向容器中加入10~15mL的甲醛溶液,持续搅拌至均匀,按照不同的油和明胶的比例搭配,完成配方样本的制备;j. Continue to add 10-15mL of formaldehyde solution to the container, continue to stir until uniform, and mix according to the ratio of different oils and gelatin to complete the preparation of the formula sample;
k、将制备的配方样本密封置于阴凉处,直至配方样本完全凝固。k. Seal the prepared formula sample and place it in a cool place until the formula sample is completely solidified.
其中,所述配方样本包括若干组,每组配方样品的油与明胶的比例固定,氯化钠的含量由低到高搭配,各组之间油的比例由低到高搭配,明胶的比例由高到低搭配,所述各配方样本中的油、明胶以及氯化钠的含量按照以下含量添加:Wherein, the formula sample includes several groups, the ratio of oil and gelatin in each group of formula samples is fixed, the content of sodium chloride is matched from low to high, the ratio of oil between each group is matched from low to high, and the ratio of gelatin is changed from low to high. From high to low, the content of oil, gelatin and sodium chloride in each formula sample is added according to the following content:
2)测量确认所述配方样本的介电特性,多次测量计算平均值和相对标准偏差,对相对标准偏差不符合要求的配方样本进行重新制作并测量介电特性:2) Measure and confirm the dielectric properties of the formula sample, calculate the average value and relative standard deviation for multiple measurements, remake and measure the dielectric properties of the formula samples whose relative standard deviation does not meet the requirements:
如图8所示,利用同轴线3将待测配方样本4与网络分析仪2连接,然后将网络分析仪2与计算机1电连接,采用50欧母匹配阻抗的同轴线3作为探头,将探头插入待测配方样本4中,利用网络分析仪2测量网络系数,取多次测量的结果的平均值,利用开端同轴探头法介电特性测量原理,计算得到被测配方样本的介电特性;采用测量样本不同部位的介电特性的分布的方法来评估配方样本的均匀性,每个样本被分割成不同部分,在不同部分的表面测量不同位置,在每个位置多次测量,并且测量完每个点后用纸巾清洁同轴线3探头,防止探头上的油污影响结果;As shown in Figure 8, utilize the coaxial line 3 to connect the formula sample 4 to be tested with the network analyzer 2, then electrically connect the network analyzer 2 to the computer 1, and use the coaxial line 3 with a matching impedance of 50 ohms as the probe, Insert the probe into the formula sample 4 to be tested, use the network analyzer 2 to measure the network coefficient, take the average value of the results of multiple measurements, and use the dielectric characteristic measurement principle of the open-end coaxial probe method to calculate the dielectric properties of the formula sample to be tested. properties; the uniformity of the formulation sample is assessed by measuring the distribution of the dielectric properties of different parts of the sample, each sample is divided into different parts, different positions are measured on the surface of different parts, and multiple measurements are taken at each position, and After measuring each point, clean the coaxial line 3 probe with a paper towel to prevent the oil on the probe from affecting the results;
最后计算平均值和相对标准偏差,对相对标准偏差不符合要求的样本进行重新制作并再次重新测量介电特性。Finally, the average value and relative standard deviation are calculated, and the samples whose relative standard deviation does not meet the requirements are remade and the dielectric properties are remeasured again.
作为优选的,所述评估配方样本均匀性的具体步骤为:将每个配方样本被分割成两半,含有三个表面,对于每一个表面测量5个不同位置,每个位置记录5次测量数据,从每个配方样本共收集75组测量数据;测量每个位置前同轴线3探头固定在测量点10-15分钟;Preferably, the specific step of evaluating the uniformity of the formula sample is: dividing each formula sample into two halves, containing three surfaces, measuring 5 different positions for each surface, and recording 5 measurement data for each position , A total of 75 sets of measurement data were collected from each formula sample; the coaxial line 3 probe was fixed at the measurement point for 10-15 minutes before measuring each position;
最后计算平均值和相对标准偏差,对相对标准偏差超过5%的样本进行重新制作并测量电特性。Finally, the average value and relative standard deviation were calculated, and the samples with relative standard deviation exceeding 5% were recreated and the electrical characteristics were measured.
3)建立介电特性和配方样本比例调节因子之间的函数关系:3) Establish the functional relationship between the dielectric properties and the formula sample scale adjustment factor:
将油的含量和氯化钠的含量作为配方含量比例的调节因子,在相同的氯化钠浓度下,相对介电常数表示为关于油的体积百分比的一阶多项式,表达式如下:With the content of oil and the content of sodium chloride as the adjustment factor of formula content ratio, under the same concentration of sodium chloride, relative dielectric constant is expressed as a first-order polynomial about the volume percentage of oil, and the expression is as follows:
ε'=m(N)+n(N)O, (1)ε'=m(N)+n(N)O, (1)
其中,ε′表示相对介电常数,O是油的体积百分比(0%-80%),m(N)和n(N)是关于N的系数,N是氯化钠浓度,在每个不同的氯化钠浓度下得到一组m(N)和n(N)两个系数同氯化钠浓度的关系,系数m(N)通过关于N的线性方程表示,而n(N)通过二次方程表示,因此相对介电常数和两个可调节因子间的关系可通过下式表示:Among them, ε' represents the relative dielectric constant, O is the volume percentage of oil (0%-80%), m(N) and n(N) are coefficients about N, N is the concentration of sodium chloride, in each different The relationship between two coefficients m(N) and n(N) and the concentration of sodium chloride is obtained under the concentration of sodium chloride. The coefficient m(N) is expressed by a linear equation about N, while n(N) is expressed by a quadratic Equation, so the relationship between the relative permittivity and the two adjustable factors can be expressed by the following formula:
ε'=a0+a1N+(a2+a3N+a4N2)O. (2)ε'=a 0 +a 1 N+(a 2 +a 3 N+a 4 N 2 )O. (2)
其中,a0到a4是方程系数;Among them, a 0 to a 4 are equation coefficients;
在相同的油体积百分比下,电导率表示为关于氯化钠浓度的一阶多项式,表达式如下:Under the same oil volume percentage, the conductivity is expressed as a first-order polynomial with respect to the concentration of NaCl as follows:
σ=f(O)+g(O)N, (3)σ=f(O)+g(O)N, (3)
其中,σ表示相对介电常数(S/m),N是氯化钠浓度,f(O)和g(O)是关于O的系数,O是油的体积百分比,在每个不同的油体积百分比下得到一组f(O)和g(O)两个系数同油体积百分比的关系,系数f(O)通过关于O的三次方程表示,而g(O)通过二次方程表示,因此电导率和两个可调节因子间的关系可通过下式表示:Among them, σ represents the relative permittivity (S/m), N is the concentration of NaCl, f(O) and g(O) are the coefficients about O, O is the volume percentage of oil, in each different oil volume The relationship between a set of f(O) and g(O) coefficients and the oil volume percentage is obtained under the percentage. The coefficient f(O) is expressed by a cubic equation about O, and g(O) is expressed by a quadratic equation, so the conductivity The relationship between the rate and the two adjustable factors can be expressed by the following formula:
σ=b0+b1O+b2O2+b3O3+(b4+b5O+b6O2)N. (4)σ=b 0 +b 1 O+b 2 O 2 +b 3 O 3 +(b 4 +b 5 O+b 6 O 2 )N. (4)
其中,b0到b6是方程系数;Among them, b 0 to b 6 are equation coefficients;
其中,相对介电常数随油的含量变化关系如图2所示,m(N)随氯化钠的含量变化关系如图3所示,n(N)随氯化钠的含量变化关系如图4所示,电导率随氯化钠的含量变化关系如图5所示,f(O)随油的含量变化关系如图6所示,g(O)随油的含量变化关系如图7所示。Wherein, relative dielectric constant is as shown in Figure 2 with the content change relation of oil, m (N) is shown in Figure 3 with the content change relation of sodium chloride, and n (N) is with the content change relation of sodium chloride as Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the relationship between conductivity and the content of sodium chloride is shown in Figure 5, the relationship between f (O) and the content of oil is shown in Figure 6, and the relationship between g (O) and the content of oil is shown in Figure 7. Show.
其中,方程系数a0到a4、b0到b6可根据获得的配方样本测量数据,通过非线性最小二乘法计算得到:根据测量得到的各配方样本的介电特性,采用非线性最小二乘法数据拟合计算方法,得到各方程系数的值如下:Among them, the coefficients a 0 to a 4 and b 0 to b 6 of the equation can be calculated by the nonlinear least squares method according to the measured data of the formula samples obtained: according to the dielectric properties of each formula sample obtained by measurement, the non-linear least squares Using the multiplication data fitting calculation method, the values of the coefficients of each equation are obtained as follows:
a0=63.63[63.30,64.95];a 0 =63.63[63.30,64.95];
a1=9.899[8.26,11.53];a 1 =9.899[8.26,11.53];
a2=-64.22[-67.26,-61.17];a 2 =-64.22[-67.26,-61.17];
a3=-0.06711[-8.54,8.41];a 3 =-0.06711[-8.54,8.41];
a4=-3.041[-9.01,2.93].a 4 =-3.041[-9.01,2.93].
b0=0.1315[0.084,0.179];10b 0 =0.1315[0.084,0.179]; 10
b1=-0.7346[-1.225,-0.244];b 1 =-0.7346[-1.225,-0.244];
b2=2.667[1.245,4.088];b 2 =2.667[1.245,4.088];
b3=-2.399[-3.545,-1.252];b 3 =-2.399[-3.545,-1.252];
b4=0.9264[0.873,0.980];b 4 =0.9264[0.873,0.980];
b5=0.6479[0.254,1.042];b 5 =0.6479[0.254,1.042];
b6=-1.741[-2.344,-1.139].b 6 =-1.741[-2.344,-1.139].
4)利用建立的含有多调节因子的介电特性和配方比例之间的函数关系式,求解任意指定的电导率和介电常数搭配的介电特性的模拟材料的各种配方比例,本发明的模拟材料的配方比例如图1所示,根据各种配方比例可以方便快速的制备所指定的模拟材料。4) Utilize the functional relationship between the dielectric properties and formula ratios that contain multiple adjustment factors to set up, solve the various formula ratios of the simulated materials of the dielectric properties of any specified conductivity and permittivity collocation, the present invention The formula ratio of the simulated material is shown in Figure 1, and the designated simulated material can be prepared conveniently and quickly according to various formula ratios.
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的部分实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-mentioned embodiments only express some implementations of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are more specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention should be based on the appended claims.
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CN106682451A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-17 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | Formula proportion determining method for biological tissue simulation material and system |
CN110082400A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-08-02 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of method of content of starch in quick detection minced fillet |
CN114593117A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-06-07 | 杭州远视智能科技有限公司 | Forklift load weight measurement system and method based on lifting hydraulic cylinder pressure measurement |
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US20040077943A1 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2004-04-22 | Meaney Paul M. | Systems and methods for 3-D data acquisition for microwave imaging |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106682451A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-17 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | Formula proportion determining method for biological tissue simulation material and system |
WO2018103131A1 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2018-06-14 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | Method and system for determining formula proportions of biological tissue simulation material |
CN106682451B (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2019-05-14 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | A kind of formula rate of biological tissue's simulation material determines method and system |
CN110082400A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-08-02 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of method of content of starch in quick detection minced fillet |
CN114593117A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-06-07 | 杭州远视智能科技有限公司 | Forklift load weight measurement system and method based on lifting hydraulic cylinder pressure measurement |
CN114593117B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-09-08 | 杭州远视智能科技有限公司 | Fork truck load weight measurement system and method based on lifting hydraulic cylinder pressure measurement |
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