CN104897289B - A kind of satellite data Surface Temperature Retrieval methods of Landsat 8 - Google Patents
A kind of satellite data Surface Temperature Retrieval methods of Landsat 8 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of Landsat8 data Surface Temperature Retrieval method, this method is based entirely on Landsat8 data and does not need any external data source in itself, overcome traditional Landsat data Surface Temperature Retrieval and have to rely on the limitation that external data source is caused, the invention is for realizing that surface temperature product is produced using Landsat8 data services to be had important practical significance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method from the satellite data inverting surface temperatures of Landsat 8, it can apply in forestry, agriculture
The industry departments such as industry, meteorology, ecological environment.
Background technology
Surface temperature is the key parameter of survey region energy exchange and Water Cycle, is also the ecological, hydrology and weather etc.
One important input parameter of process model.It is the important interior of region resource environmental dynamic monitor to obtain region surface temperature
Hold.Thermal infrared satellite remote sensing technology is a critically important approach for obtaining region surface temperature.The data of Landsat 8 are a kind of new
The satellite data source of type, compared with traditional Landsat series of satellites (Landsat5,7), Landsat 8 wave band quantity,
Improved on the spectral region of wave band and the radiometric resolution of image.Landsat8 carries two sensors：1)
Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS).OLI sensors are visible
Light, near-infrared and short-wave infrared region receive the data of nine spectral bands；TIRS sensors are by original Landsat5,7 warm
Infrared band is divided into two, and is arranged to two Detection Using Thermal Infrared Channel (Band 10：10.6-11.19μm；Band11：11.5-12.51μ
m).For Landsat5,7 Surface Temperature Retrievals, single channel Surface Temperature Retrieval algorithm is generally utilized, the algorithm at least needs two
Individual input parameter：Atmospheric water vapor content and emissivity, emissivity can utilize NDVI threshold methods from Landsat data sheets
Body is obtained, and atmospheric water vapor content then has to rely on external data source, generally by meteorological data or MODIS data come
Indirect gain, but all either there is obvious limitation using meteorological data or MODIS data：Meteorological data is a kind of
A kind of point data, and remotely-sensed data is face data, the mode of meteorological data Points replacing surfaces can cause larger error, and for
Remote districts or historical archive satellite data, obtain corresponding meteorological data just extremely difficult；MODIS data and Landsat
The geometrical registration and projection transform that data are present on imaging time and spatial resolution between larger difference, two kinds of data also can
Bring error.Importantly, for most of China area, the geographical overlay region between Landsat data and MODIS data
Domain is often very small (being less than 1/3rd), or even can not find MODIS data corresponding with Landsat data.The above lacks
Fall into and cause very big difficulty to traditional Landsat Surface Temperature Retrievals.Fortunately, Landsat8 band setting is given
Possibility is brought based on Landsat8 data in itself, without using external data source come inverting surface temperature.For Landsat8
Data, emissivity equally can in itself be obtained using NDVI threshold methods from Landsat8 data, and atmospheric water vapor content
It can be based on splitting window covariance-variance ratio algorithm come inverting using Landsat8 two Detection Using Thermal Infrared Channels, thus can be real
Now be based entirely on Landsat8 data does not need any outer source data to carry out inverting surface temperature in itself.The invention is utilized for realizing
Landsat8 data services surface temperature product is produced to have important practical significance.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of satellite data Surface Temperature Retrieval methods of Landsat 8, this method is complete
Any external data is not needed in itself based on Landsat8 data, and practicality is very strong.
To achieve the above object, method proposed by the present invention comprises the following steps：
The first step, calculate on the star of the wave bands of Landsat 8 the 10th and the 11st wave band brightness temperature on radiance and star
Lsen=MLQcal+AL
Tsen=K2/ln(1+K1/Lsen)
Wherein, LsenIt is radiance on star, TsenIt is brightness temperature on star, MLFor the gain of wave band, ALFor the inclined of wave band
Put, QcalFor image DN value, K1 and K2 are constant, ML, ALAnd K1 and K2 is obtained from the header files of Landsat 8；
Second step, using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) threshold methods obtain ratio
Radiance ε：
Wherein DNband5And DNband4The DN values of the wave bands of Landsat8 the 5th and the 4th wave band image are represented respectively；
As NDVI ＜ NDVIsWhen, ε=εs, wherein NDVIsIt is the NDVI, ε in pure exposed soil regionsIt is the emissivity of soil；
As NDVI ＞ NDVIvWhen, ε=εv, wherein NDVIvIt is the NDVI of pure vegetation area, εvIt is the emissivity of vegetation；
Work as NDVIs≤NDVI≤NDVIvWhen, ε=εs(1-FVC)+εvFVC
FVC is vegetation coverage：
NDVIsAnd NDVIvThe exposed soil region and vegetation area that homogeneous can be chosen from image are obtained；εsAnd εvPass through
MODIS UCSB emissivitys storehouses and the TIRS spectral response functions of Landsat 8, which are calculated, to be obtained；
3rd step：Calculate atmospheric water vapor content w
W=a (τj/τi)+b
And
Wherein, τiFor the atmospheric transmittance of i wave bands, τjFor the atmospheric transmittance of j wave bands, εiFor the emissivity of i wave bands,
εjFor the emissivity of j wave bands, k represents k-th of pixel, TI, kFor brightness temperature, T on the star of k-th of pixel i wave bandJ, kFor kth
Brightness temperature on the star of individual pixel j wave bands,For brightness temperature on the average star of N number of pixel i wave bands,For N number of pixel j wave bands
Average star on brightness temperature, for Landsat8 data, i, j is respectively 10,11, N to represent window size, takes 20 pixel * 20
Pixel；
Coefficient a and b is contained using MODTRAN4.0 atmospheric radiation transmissions and TIGR databases come simulated atmosphere water vapour
Measure w and Landsat8 Thermal infrared bands atmospheric transmittance ratios τ11/τ10Between relation obtain：
W=-18.973 (τ11/τ10)+19.13 R2=0.9663, τ11/τ10＞ 0.9
W=-13.412 (τ11/τ10)+14.158 R2=0.9366, τ11/τ10＜ 0.9
4th step：Calculate surface temperature
Wherein TsIt is surface temperature, ε is emissivity, LsenIt is radiance on the star of the wave bands of Landsat8 the 10th, (γ,
δ) it can be expressed as：
Wherein TsenIt is brightness temperature on the star of the wave bands of Landsat8 the 10th, bγEqual to 1324K, ψ1, ψ2, and ψ3It is air letter
Number, it is possible to use below equation is approximately obtained from atmospheric water vapor content (w)：
ψ1=0.04019w2+0.02916w+1.01523
ψ2=-0.38333w2-1.50294w+0.20324
ψ3=0.00918w2+1.36072w-0.27514
Brief description of the drawings
The relation of the Thermal infrared bands atmospheric transmittance ratios of Fig. 1 Landsat 8 and atmospheric water vapor content
Embodiment
The present invention is using single channel Surface Temperature Retrieval method from the wave bands of Landsat 8 the 10th come inverting surface temperature, list
Passage method is based on heat wave section radiation transfer equation simplification and obtained, and can be expressed as：
Wherein TsIt is surface temperature, ε is emissivity, LsenIt is radiance on star, (γ, δ) can be expressed as：
Wherein TsenIt is brightness temperature on star, bγEqual to 1324K, ψ1, ψ2, and ψ3It is air function, it is possible to use following public
Formula approximately obtains (Jim é nez- from atmospheric water vapor content (w)J.C., Sobrino, J.A.,D,
Mattar C, andJ.(2014).Land Surface Temperature Retrieval Methods From
Landsat-8 Thermal Infrared Sensor Data.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Letters, 11 (10), 1840-1843.)：
ψ1=0.04019w2+0.02916w+1.01523
ψ2=-0.38333w2-1.50294w+0.20324
ψ3=0.00918w2+1.36072w-0.27514
Lsen=MLQcal+AL
MLFor the gain of wave band, ALFor the biasing of wave band, MLAnd ALObtained from the header files of Landsat 8, QcalFor image DN
Value.
Tsen=K2/ln(1+K1/Lsen)
K1 and K2 is constant, is obtained from the header files of Landsat 8.
Emissivity is obtained using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) threshold methods：
Wherein DNband5And DNband4The DN values of the wave bands of Landsat8 the 5th and the 4th wave band image are represented respectively.
As NDVI ＜ NDVIsWhen, ε=εs, wherein NDVIsIt is the NDVI, ε in pure exposed soil regionsIt is the emissivity of soil；
As NDVI ＞ NDVIvWhen, ε=εv, wherein NDVIvIt is the NDVI of pure vegetation area, εvIt is the emissivity of vegetation；
Work as NDVIs≤NDVI≤NDVIvWhen, ε=εs(1-FVC)+εvFVC
FVC is vegetation coverage：
NDVIsAnd NDVIvThe exposed soil region and vegetation area that homogeneous can be chosen from image are obtained.εsAnd εvPass through
MODIS UCSB emissivitys storehouses and the TIRS spectral response functions of Landsat 8, which are calculated, to be obtained.
Atmospheric water vapor content (w) is based on splitting window covariance-variance ratio algorithm (SOBRINO J A, Li Z L, Stoll
MP, et al.Improvements in the split-window technique for land surface
Temperature determination [J] .Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions
On, 1994,32 (2)：243-253.) carry out inverting, the algorithm is assumed under the conditions of cloudless, in N number of adjacent picture elements region (for
Landsat 8, N can be using values as 20, i.e., window size is the pixels of 20 pixel * 20), atmospheric conditions and emissivity do not change
Become, only surface temperature changes, and w is calculated as follows：
W=a (τj/τi)+b (1)
And
Wherein, τiFor the atmospheric transmittance of i wave bands, τjFor the atmospheric transmittance of j wave bands, εiFor the emissivity of i wave bands,
εjFor the emissivity of j wave bands, k represents k-th of pixel, TI, kFor brightness temperature, T on the star of k-th of pixel i wave bandJ, kFor kth
Brightness temperature on the star of individual pixel j wave bands,For brightness temperature on the average star of N number of pixel i wave bands,For N number of pixel j wave bands
Average star on brightness temperature.For Landsat8 data, i, j is respectively 10,11.
For Landsat8 TIRS data, using formula (1) and (2) Retrieval of Atmospheric Water Vapor content, it is thus necessary to determine that coefficient a and
B, coefficient a and b can pass through atmospheric radiation transmission simulated atmosphere vapour content and Thermal infrared bands atmospheric transmittance ratio
The relation of value is solved and obtained.
Utilize MODTRAN4.0 atmospheric radiation transmissions and TIGR (Thermodynamic Initial Guess
Retrieval, TIGR) database comes simulated atmosphere vapour content w and Landsat8 Thermal infrared bands atmospheric transmittance ratios
τ11/τ10Between relation.TIGR databases are a meteorogical phenomena databases being made up of 2311 atmospheric profiles；Wherein every is cutd open
Face data all contain air pressure, temperature, moisture content and the ozone content at every layer of the top from earth's surface to atmosphere.TIGR databases
In include 872 tropical atmosphere sections, 742 mid latitude atmosphere sections and 697 high latitude atmospheric profiles.TIGR databases
In contain an extensive atmospheric water vapor content range (from 0.066 to 7.833g/cm2).Using TIGR databases as
The input of MODTRAN4.0 models comes simulated atmosphere vapour content w and Thermal infrared bands atmospheric transmittance ratio τ11/τ10Between
Relation.Fig. 1 represents the Landsat obtained based on 2311 TIGR atmospheric profiles and MODTRAN4.0 atmospheric radiation transmissions
The relation of 8 Thermal infrared bands atmospheric transmittance ratios and atmospheric water vapor content.
The relation of the Thermal infrared bands atmospheric transmittance ratios of Fig. 1 Landsat 8 and atmospheric water vapor content
As shown in figure 1, the wave band of Landsat8 data 11 and 10 wave band atmospheric transmittance ratios and atmospheric water vapor content have
Good correlation.From figure 1 it appears that be the presence of a flex point at 0.9 in transmitance ratio, it is big in order to preferably be fitted
Relational expression between vapor permeability ratio and atmospheric water vapor content, is that atmospheric transmittance ratio is divided into two by separation with 0.9
Section is fitted, and obtains the relational expression between atmospheric transmittance ratio and atmospheric water vapor content：
W=-18.973 (τ11/τ10)+19.13 R2=0.9663, τ11/τ10＞ 0.9 (3)
W=-13.412 (τ11/τ10)+14.158 R2=0.9366, τ11/τ10＜ 0.9 (4)
Coefficient a and b can be obtained by formula 3 and formula 4.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of satellite data Surface Temperature Retrieval methods of Landsat 8, its step is：
The first step, calculate on the star of the wave bands of Landsat 8 the 10th and the 11st wave band brightness temperature on radiance and star
Lsen=MLQcal+AL
Tsen=K2/ln(1+K1/Lsen)
Wherein, LsenIt is radiance on star, TsenIt is brightness temperature on star, MLFor the gain of wave band, ALFor the biasing of wave band, Qcal
For image DN value, K1And K2For constant, ML, ALAnd K1And K2Obtained from the header files of Landsat 8；
Second step, obtained using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) threshold methods than radiation
Rate ε：
Wherein DNband5And DNband4The DN values of the wave bands of Landsat8 the 5th and the 4th wave band image are represented respectively；
As NDVI ＜ NDVIsWhen, ε=εs, wherein NDVIsIt is the NDVI, ε in pure exposed soil regionsIt is the emissivity of soil；
As NDVI ＞ NDVIvWhen, ε=εv, wherein NDVIvIt is the NDVI of pure vegetation area, εvIt is the emissivity of vegetation；
Work as NDVIs≤NDVI≤NDVIvWhen, ε=εs(1-FVC)+εvFVC
FVC is vegetation coverage：
NDVIsAnd NDVIvThe exposed soil region of homogeneous is chosen from image and vegetation area is obtained；εsAnd εvPass through MODISUCSB
Emissivity storehouse and the TIRS spectral response functions of Landsat 8, which are calculated, to be obtained；
3rd step：Calculate atmospheric water vapor content w
W=a (τj/τi)+b
And
Wherein, τiFor the atmospheric transmittance of i wave bands, τjFor the atmospheric transmittance of j wave bands, εiFor the emissivity of i wave bands, εjFor j
The emissivity of wave band, k represents k-th of pixel, TI, kFor brightness temperature, T on the star of k-th of pixel i wave bandJ, kFor k-th of picture
Brightness temperature on the star of first j wave bands,For brightness temperature on the average star of N number of pixel i wave bands,For the flat of N number of pixel j wave bands
Brightness temperature on equal star, for Landsat8 data, i, j is respectively 10,11, N to represent window size, takes the pixels of 20 pixel * 20；
Coefficient a and b is using MODTRAN4.0 atmospheric radiation transmissions and TIGR databases come simulated atmosphere vapour content w
With Landsat8 Thermal infrared bands atmospheric transmittance ratios τ11/τ10Between relation obtain：
W=-18.973 (τ11/τ10)+19.13 R2=0.9663, τ11/τ10＞ 0.9
W=-13.412 (τ11/τ10)+14.158 R2=0.9366, τ11/τ10＜ 0.9
4th step：Calculate surface temperature
Wherein TsIt is surface temperature, ε is emissivity, LsenIt is radiance on the star of the wave bands of Landsat8 the 10th, (γ, δ) table
Up to for：
Wherein TsenIt is brightness temperature on the star of the wave bands of Landsat8 the 10th, bγEqual to 1324K, ψ1, ψ2, and ψ3It is air function,
Approximately obtained from atmospheric water vapor content (w) using below equation：
ψ1=0.04019w2+0.02916w+1.01523
ψ2=-0.38333w2-1.50294w+0.20324
ψ3=0.00918w2+1.36072w-0.27514。
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