CN104895901B - Electrical equipment joint special washer - Google Patents

Electrical equipment joint special washer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104895901B
CN104895901B CN201510302701.5A CN201510302701A CN104895901B CN 104895901 B CN104895901 B CN 104895901B CN 201510302701 A CN201510302701 A CN 201510302701A CN 104895901 B CN104895901 B CN 104895901B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
ring body
ring
support feet
electrical equipment
packing ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201510302701.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN104895901A (en
Inventor
张涛
崔文生
张宏滨
孟博
陈伟涛
张明岗
张以宁
阎波
董道玉
刘常明
谭魏魏
寇希尧
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Weifang Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
Original Assignee
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Weifang Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by State Grid Corp of China SGCC, Weifang Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd filed Critical State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Priority to CN201510302701.5A priority Critical patent/CN104895901B/en
Publication of CN104895901A publication Critical patent/CN104895901A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN104895901B publication Critical patent/CN104895901B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B39/00Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
    • F16B39/22Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening
    • F16B39/24Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening by means of washers, spring washers, or resilient plates that lock against the object
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/38Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a clamping member acted on by screw or nut
    • H01R4/42Clamping area to one side of screw only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/48Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of electrical equipment joint special washer, it includes the middle ring body for opening up through hole, the border edge spacer ring of ring body sets multiple cantilever plates and each cantilever plate is structure as a whole with ring body, each cantilever plate is bent to form arcuation and has resilient support feet separately down, the spacing leg and spacing leg that the edge of ring body is also associated with downward bending are structure as a whole with ring body, the level height of the level height more than support feet bottom of spacing leg bottom.Simple structure of the present invention, it is easy to process, be avoided that bolt looseness phenomenon that thermal expansion causes and can effectively reduce joint area and generate heat.

Description

Electrical equipment joint special washer
Technical field
The present invention relates to equipment electrical connection field, specifically a kind of electrical equipment joint special washer.
Background technology
Conductor joint heating is always one of key factor of influence electrical equipment and power grid security reliability service.Especially in the summer Season, heating defect accounts for more than the 35% of overall defect, and electrical equipment is most of exposed in outdoor operation, and in longtime running, joint is received To natural force effects such as temperature change, filthy covering, snow and rain mists, along with factors such as design defect, construction wrongs, can make Loosened into joint, so as to cause contact surface loose contact, resistance becomes big, causes the local pyrexia of joint, temperature to raise, If not preventing the development of such hidden danger in time, the result is that caused the accident because vicious circle causes tie point to blow, to transformer station Or even the normal operation of power network causes unpredictable harm.
The joint of electrical equipment is usually that terminal sleeve ring set is connected in fastening bolt, is then tightened by fastening bolt Onto terminal stud, the terminal collar is crimped on terminal stud by the nut of fastening bolt, so as to realize the terminal collar with Electrical connection between terminal stud.In order to ensure the fixing of connection, can also be covered between the nut and the terminal collar of fastening bolt Connect plain washer or spring washer.Find that fastening pressure is excessive to be by electrical equipment conductor joint heating causal investigation analysis Cause a major reason of conductor joint heating, when nut pressure exceedes certain critical pressure value, if the strength of materials not enough, continues Can cause contact facial disfigurement after increasing pressure, Local warping occur so that effective contact surface is reduced, contact resistance increase causes Heating, after conductor joint heating, fastening bolt expansion causes joint to loosen, and causes contact surface contact resistance further to increase, and passes System packing ring cannot often provide balancing force, cause vicious circle, final damage equipment.
Based on drawbacks described above, this invention address that developing a kind of novel thermosensitive packing ring, it can be with hot swollen at compensating joint Swollen phenomenon, existing gasket construction is improved by accurate force analysis and according to expansion principle, is finally reached solution and is connect The purpose of the hot problem of hair.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of electrical equipment joint special washer, the gasket construction is simple, It is easy to process, can effectively reduce joint area and generate heat and be avoided that because of the bolt looseness phenomenon that thermal expansion causes.
In order to solve the above technical problems, electrical equipment joint special washer of the invention includes that centre opens up the annular of through hole Body, its border edge spacer ring for being structurally characterized in that the ring body sets multiple cantilever plates and each cantilever plate and ring body It is structure as a whole, each cantilever plate is bent to form arcuation and has resilient support feet separately down, and the edge of ring body also connects The spacing leg and spacing leg for being connected to downward bending are structure as a whole with ring body, the level height of spacing leg bottom More than the level height of support feet bottom.
Using said structure, middle through hole is used to install fastening bolt, and the bottom of multiple support feets is supported on terminal and leads On the contact surface of body, the contact surface of terminal conductor is generally the upper surface of the terminal collar, when fastening bolt is tightened in positioned at most bottom When on the terminal stud at end, there is elastic deformation and push the terminal collar in each support feet, the terminal collar is pressed firmly against end On sub- stud, so that both form reliable electrical connection.Using the elasticity of support feet, the fastening of bolt can be effectively controlled Power, while being also avoided that bolt looseness phenomenon.Spacing leg serves spacing effect, is led when the bottom of spacing leg touches During contact level, then show that support feet has reached the fastening force of default deformation quantity, i.e. bolt and reached preset value, by spacing The position-limiting action of leg, can be prevented effectively from that fastening force is excessive to cause the phenomenon of contact surface deformable, namely avoid because of contact surface shape The fever phenomenon for becoming and causing.
The property at parts of edges and corners of the support feet bottom and spacing leg bottom is rounding off.Can be kept away using rounding off Exempt from undue prominent property at parts of edges and corners by the surface tear of terminal conductor, namely avoid being sent out caused by the local electrical resistance increase of conductor Thermal phenomenon.
The width of the cantilever plate gradually increases with the connection end of ring body from it to its overhanging end.Cantilever plate it is overhanging End width increases, it is ensured that what bottom supported more consolidates, so as to ensure the stability of joint area structure.
Each cantilever plate forms the gap that multiple rings are located at ring body border, and spacing leg is respectively provided with one in each gap It is individual.Spacing leg plays a part of spacing instruction by only setting one, but, in actual use, due to being pacified by terminal Dress space or the influence of environment, the elastic deformation of each support feet are possible to asynchronous, it is possible to have several support feets normal Generation elastic deformation, if a unique spacing leg is located just between these support feets, can cause that packing ring loses Spacing indicative function has been removed, therefore, spacing leg sets multiple in border, so that the spacing indicative function of spacing leg is more Plus it is reliable, while can also improve the stability of packing ring and avoid packing ring from glancing off.
Quantity for support feet can set three to five according to actual conditions, be preferable to provide four, i.e. cantilever plate etc. Spacer ring sets four.
The vertical height and spacing foot bottom threshold value annular of the annular body top surface of support feet bottom distance are originally The difference of the vertical height of body top surface is the axial compression amount of packing ring, and it is public that the axial compression amount meets elastic washer compression performance Formula.
Preferably, special washer is the double-metal layer structure being formed as one by active layers and passive layer crimping, active layers It is more than passive layer in lower and active layers thermal coefficient of expansions in upper, passive layer.Using the different double-metal layer structure of the coefficient of expansion, After packing ring expanded by heating, the deformation of the deformation more than passive layer of active layers, so that support feet is overall further curved downwards The curvature increase of song deformation, i.e. support feet, the elastic force of support feet increases, so that there is provided extra elastic force with compensation fastening bolt The loosening phenomenon that expanded by heating is produced, it is ensured that the reliability of electrical connection, it is to avoid terminal virtual connection causes local electrical resistance to become big phenomenon, from Fundamentally solve the problems, such as that joint area generates heat.
In sum, simple structure of the present invention, it is easy to process, be avoided that bolt looseness phenomenon that thermal expansion causes and can have Effect reduces joint area heating.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description:
Fig. 1 is the dimensional structure diagram of one of which implementation method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is side structure schematic view of the invention;
Fig. 3 is overlooking the structure diagram of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the cross section structure diagram of line A-A in Fig. 3.
Specific embodiment
Referring to the drawings, electrical equipment joint special washer of the invention includes that centre opens up the ring body 2 of through hole 1, ring The border edge spacer ring of shape body 2 sets multiple cantilever plates and each cantilever plate is structure as a whole with ring body 2, each cantilever plate point It is not bent to form arcuation downwards and has resilient support feet 3, the edge of ring body 2 is also associated with the spacing branch of downward bending Pin 4 and spacing leg 4 is structure as a whole with ring body 2, the level height of the bottom of spacing leg 4 is more than the bottom of support feet 3 The level height in portion.
In said structure, middle through hole 1 is used to install fastening bolt, and the bottom of multiple support feets 3 is supported on terminal and leads On the contact surface of body, the contact surface of terminal conductor is generally the upper surface of the terminal collar, when fastening bolt is tightened in positioned at most bottom When on the terminal stud at end, there is elastic deformation and push the terminal collar in each support feet 3, the terminal collar is pressed firmly against end On sub- stud, so that the terminal collar is formed with terminal stud reliably electrically connecting.Using the elasticity of support feet 3, can be effective The fastening force of bolt is controlled, while being also avoided that bolt looseness phenomenon.Spacing leg 4 serves the effect of spacing instruction, works as limit When the bottom of position leg 4 touches conductor contact surface, then show that support feet 3 has reached the fastening of default deformation quantity, i.e. bolt Power has reached preset value, now stops tightening bolt.
Referring to the drawings, whole packing ring is close to a kind of structure of elastic washer, in the prior art, for the pressure of elastic washer The decrement calculating formula of disc spring is used for reference the calculating of contracting springback capacity more.For the decrement calculating formula of disc spring, by American A Erman A kind of approximate computational methods were proposed in 1936 with La Ziluo, the method there are two hypothesis:1)Assuming that making by load It is still rectangle along the section of disc spring axial direction after, ignores the influence of radial load, namely ignore radial deformation;2)Assuming that additional Reaction force in load and supporting surface is all equally distributed along internal and external circumference, and material is perfect elasticity, and ignores it and connect Touch the influence of frictional force on surface.Its decrement computing formula is:
(In formula 1,Be with the internal-and external diameter when relevant coefficient of material, s is disc spring thickness, and H is disc spring free height, D It is disc spring external diameter, axial deformation when f is the loading on internal and external circumference, p is disc spring axial load.)
Although elastic washer and disc spring have very big similitude, as it is assumed that presence and both in structure and Difference in size, above-mentioned formula 1 can not be used directly to characterize the load envnlope of elastic washer, but formula can be carried out Appropriate amendment, and fit the compression performance formula of elastic washer respectively using corresponding result of finite element.In Nanjing One in polytechnical university's Master's thesis storehouse《Elastic washer mechanical behavior and method for designing research》Paper in, using above-mentioned public affairs Formula, by elastic washer compression curve data sample, it is as follows that fitting has obtained elastic washer compression performance formula:
Wherein:
(In formula 2, temperature coefficient, T is temperature, ℃;P is packing ring axial compression load, kN;F is packing ring axial compression amount, mm;S is gasket thickness, mm;It is inside diameter of gasket, mm;It is washer outer diameter, mm;C is packing ring boss ratio;H is that packing ring inner cone is high, mm;It is packing ring inclination angle;It is Poisson's ratio, It is taken as 0.3;E is elasticity modulus of materials, MPa.)
With reference to formula 2, in the present invention, support feet 3 is identical with the radian of spacing leg 4, and support feet 3 and spacing is not considered The radial force of leg 4, only considers axial force.Axial compression load p is the compression that fastening bolt is applied to packing ring in formula 2 Power, the thrust is configured according to the species and installation environment of joint, is known preset value.Designing the height of packing ring The axial compression amount f needed for formula 2 calculates packing ring can be passed through after degree size.If the bottom of support feet 3 is apart from packing ring top surface Vertical height be H, the bottom of spacing leg 4 apart from packing ring top surface vertical height be L, wherein H according to packing ring height gauge Depending on very little, for L, then L=H-f is met.So that it could be assumed that:The bottom of support feet 3 is vertical apart from the top surface of ring body 2 Height is the axial compression amount of packing ring, the axle apart from the difference of the vertical height of the top surface of ring body 2 with the bottom of spacing leg 4 Meet elastic washer compression performance formula to decrement, that is, meet formula 2.
Referring to the drawings, the property at parts of edges and corners of the bottom of support feet 3 and the bottom of spacing leg 4 is rounding off.Using round and smooth Transition can avoid undue prominent property at parts of edges and corners by the surface tear of terminal conductor, namely avoid the local electrical resistance of conductor from increasing and Caused fever phenomenon.
As shown in figure 3, the width of cantilever plate gradually increases with the connection end of ring body 2 from it to its overhanging end.It is overhanging The overhanging end width of plate increases, it is ensured that what bottom supported more consolidates, so as to ensure the stability of joint area structure.
As shown in figure 3, each cantilever plate forms the gap that multiple rings are located at the border of ring body 2, in wherein individual gap Setting a spacing leg 4 can play a part of spacing instruction.But, in actual use, due to being installed empty by terminal Between or environment influence, the elastic deformation of each support feet 3 is possible to asynchronous, it is possible to have several support feets 3 can not normally to send out Raw elastic deformation, if a unique spacing leg 4 is located just between these support feets 3, can cause that packing ring loses Spacing indicative function is removed.Therefore, spacing leg 4 is respectively provided with one in each gap, i.e., spacing leg 4 sets many in border It is individual, so that the spacing indicative function of spacing leg 4 is relatively reliable, while can also improve the stability of packing ring and avoid packing ring Glance off.
Quantity for support feet 3 can set three to five according to actual conditions, as illustrated, four are preferable to provide, I.e. ring sets four to cantilever plate at equal intervals.
Reference picture 4, special washer is to crimp the double-metal layer structure being formed as one by active layers 5 and passive layer 6, actively Layer 5 is more than passive layer 6 in upper, passive layer 6 in lower and active layers 5 thermal coefficient of expansions.Using the different bimetallic of the coefficient of expansion Rotating fields, active layer material is copper, and passive layer material is 65Mn spring steel.After packing ring expanded by heating, the deformation of active layers 5 is big In the deformation of passive layer 6, so that the overall further curvature increase of flexural deformation, i.e. support feet 3, branch downwards of support feet 3 The elastic force of spike 3 increases, so that the loosening phenomenon produced with compensation fastening bolt expanded by heating there is provided extra elastic force, it is ensured that The reliability of electrical connection, it is to avoid terminal virtual connection causes joint area resistance to become big phenomenon, fundamentally solves joint area The problem of heating.
In sum, the invention is not restricted to above-mentioned specific embodiment.Those skilled in the art, it is of the invention not departing from On the premise of spirit and scope, some changes and modification can be done.Protection scope of the present invention should be with claim of the invention It is defined.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of electrical equipment joint special washer, including centre opens up through hole(1)Ring body(2), it is characterized in that described Ring body(2)Border edge spacer ring set multiple cantilever plates and each cantilever plate and ring body(2)It is structure as a whole, it is each outer Plate is stretched to be bent to form arcuation separately down and have resilient support feet(3), ring body(2)Edge be also associated with being turned under The spacing leg of folding(4)And spacing leg(4)With ring body(2)It is structure as a whole, spacing leg(4)The level of bottom is high Degree is more than support feet(3)The level height of bottom;The support feet(3)Bottom is apart from ring body(2)Top surface it is vertical Height and spacing leg(4)Bottom is apart from ring body(2)The difference of the vertical height of top surface is the axial compression amount of packing ring, The axial compression amount meets elastic washer compression performance formula;Set f as axial compression amount, setting support feet bottom distance pad The vertical height for enclosing top surface is H, and the vertical height of spacing foot bottom threshold value packing ring top surface is L, meets L=H-f, and f meets public Formula:
Wherein:
In formula, temperature coefficient, T is temperature, unit DEG C; P is packing ring axial compression load, unit kN;F is packing ring axial compression amount, unit mm;S is gasket thickness, unit mm;It is pad Circle internal diameter, unit mm;It is washer outer diameter, unit mm;C is packing ring boss ratio;H is that packing ring inner cone is high, unit mm;It is pad Circle inclination angle;It is Poisson's ratio, is taken as 0.3;E is elasticity modulus of materials, units MPa;Axial compression load p applies for fastening bolt It is known preset value to the thrust of packing ring.
2. electrical equipment joint special washer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the support feet(3)Bottom and spacing Leg(4)The property at parts of edges and corners of bottom is rounding off.
3. electrical equipment joint special washer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the width of the cantilever plate is from itself and ring Shape body(2)Connection end gradually increase to its overhanging end.
4. electrical equipment joint special washer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that each cantilever plate forms multiple rings setting In ring body(2)The gap of border, the spacing leg(4)One is respectively provided with each gap.
5. electrical equipment joint special washer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the cantilever plate ring sets four at equal intervals.
6. the electrical equipment joint special washer as any one of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that the special washer is By active layers(5)And passive layer(6)The double-metal layer structure that crimping is formed as one, active layers(5)In upper, passive layer(6) Lower and active layers(5)Thermal coefficient of expansion be more than passive layer(6).
CN201510302701.5A 2015-06-06 2015-06-06 Electrical equipment joint special washer Expired - Fee Related CN104895901B (en)

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CN104895901B true CN104895901B (en) 2017-07-04

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Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105370702B (en) 2015-12-22 2018-01-23 华为技术有限公司 A kind of elastomeric pad fastener
CN106975711B (en) * 2017-05-03 2018-09-28 兰州飞行控制有限责任公司 A kind of processing method of 0Cr17Ni7MnTi stainless steels elastic washer
CN109768493B (en) * 2019-02-20 2020-02-11 宁波共盛电气科技有限公司 Metal enclosed switch cabinet arranged in armored case
CN110886745A (en) * 2019-12-10 2020-03-17 凤城市万通机械制造有限公司 Band component
CN111682325B (en) * 2020-04-30 2022-06-10 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 Terminal assembly
CN117028392B (en) * 2023-09-28 2024-01-30 杭州斯泰新材料技术有限公司 Fastening ring fastener and assembly thereof

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