CN104892833B - A kind of preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid, which is that oil phase is added in water phase, triethylamine is added dropwise, the tetraethyl orthosilicate nano-silicon dioxide particle that in-situ hydrolysis are generated in the basic conditions serves as surfactant, forms stable " oil-in-water " type Pickering emulsion；As polyacrylonitrile is incompatible with isooctane, former monomer droplet there occurs phase separation, and the isooctane miniemulsion drop centered that is squeezed defines liquid core；After the completion of monomer polymerization, polyacrylonitrile hollow microsphere is obtained, basic hydrolysis obtains final product the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid.The method process is simple that the present invention is provided, operates easy, and reaction condition is gently easily controllable, is suitable for industrialized production, and reduces the use of surfactant, with eco-friendly advantage.The hollow microgel Stability Analysis of Structures of gained polyacrylic acid, hollow size are controllable, can be applicable to the fields such as medicine controlled releasing, Chemical Decomposition and bio-sensing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparation field of microgel, the preparation method of the hollow microgel of more particularly to a kind of polyacrylic acid.
Background technology
Polymer nanocomposite hollow microsphere is a kind of functional material with special construction, due to high specific surface area,
The features such as compared with low-density, larger load space and parcel effector function, it is subject in fields such as biology, chemistry, catalysis, optics
Extensive concern.Polymer nanocomposite hollow microsphere is typically formed the spherical shell of outer layer by polymer, if constituting hollow microsphere
Containing magnetic particle, photoactivatable groups, Thermo-sensitive group or-COOH ,-NH in polymer2、-CONH2Etc. easy ionogen, then
Hollow microsphere will have the condition depended characteristics such as very strong magnetic field, optics, temperature, pH or ionic strength.This environmental response
Characteristic causes polymer nanocomposite hollow microsphere to have a good application prospect in biological, chemistry, optics and medicine and other fields.
Microgel be a kind of size between 1 ~ 1000nm, the polymer particles with intramolecular crosslinking structure, its structure
Between branch polymer and macro mesh cross-linked polymer, generally swollen in certain solvent and height point with colloidal form
Dissipate.Wherein environment-responsive microgel can be micro- to control by changing the conditions such as the pH in environment, temperature, ionic strength, magnetic field
The expansion of gel volume and contraction, so as to cause the such as change physically or chemically such as porosity, rheological characteristic.In numerous environment
In response microgel, pH or temperature-responsive microgel prepare relatively simple because of which, and have high responsiveness, it has also become current
One of study hotspot of people.PH responses microgel as wherein important one kind, in its molecular structure it is much more general containing-
COOH、-NH2Or-CONH2Group, changes with environmental pH, ionic strength and ionization occurs, and then causes big in microgel network
There is dissociation in the hydrogen bond between molecule segment, so as to cause the swelling or contraction change of volume.
The hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid as a kind of typical pH responses microgel, on its strand containing it is substantial amounts of-
COOH group, with good water solubility and pH responses, and shows low-density, high ratio due to internal with hollow structure
Surface area and the features such as guest molecule can be accommodated, therefore have in fields such as medicine controlled releasing, Chemical Decomposition, catalysis and widely answer
Use prospect.But monomer propylene acid reactivity is high, and polyacrylic acid has good dissolubility in general polar solvent, easily
Form hydrogen bond to produce molecule aggregation and form macroscopical cross-linking products, cause the preparation of polyacrylic acid microgel more difficult；In addition
Hollow microgel is prepared using self-assembly method and template system is required relatively sternly, to need under extremely low polymer concentration
Carry out, and operational sequence is loaded down with trivial details, easily deform hollow structure, limit the practical application of microgel.
Pickering mini-emulsion polymerizations are referred to using ultrafine particle as surfactant, the nucleation in monomer droplet
Monomer polymerization is carried out, and hollow structure is prepared using the phase separation principle between low boiling effumability liquid and polymerized monomer
Microballoon.Each drop of Pickering miniemulsions can greatly improve the steady of particle as the reactor of a polymerisation
It is qualitative, and reduce the use of emulsifying agent.Polyacrylic acid is obtained as polyacrylonitrile can be hydrolyzed in the basic conditions, and monomer third
Alkene nitrile is lipophile monomer, therefore can first prepare polyacrylonitrile hollow microsphere, then Jing using Pickering mini-emulsion polymerizations
Basic hydrolysis obtains the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid.So far, also no patent or document adopt Pickering miniemulsion methods
The hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid is prepared with acrylonitrile as monomer.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid, the method process is simple,
Operation is easy, and reaction condition is gently easily controllable, with low cost, it is easy to industrialize, and reduces the use of surfactant,
It is environmentally friendly.
The present invention is employed the following technical solutions for achieving the above object：
A kind of preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid, comprises the following steps：
（1）By monomers acrylonitrile, cross-linker divinylbenzene, co-stabilizer hexadecane, isooctane, tetraethyl orthosilicate, silicon
Alkane coupling agent and oil-soluble initiator fully dissolve mixing, used as oil phase；
（2）Water phase polymerization inhibitor is dissolved in into deionized water, as water phase；
（3）By step（1）The oil phase for obtaining is slowly added dropwise under agitation into step（2）In the water phase for obtaining, and slowly drip
Plus triethylamine, stirring makes to be sufficiently mixed uniform, formation mixed solution；
（4）By step（3）The mixed solution for obtaining high-speed shearing equipment effect under, with the shearing of 16000 ~ 21000rpm
Speed carries out emulsifying, forms miniemulsion；
（5）By step（4）The miniemulsion for obtaining is in N2Heating under atmosphere carries out polymerisation, obtains polymer microballoon breast
Liquid；
（6）By step（5）The polymer microballoon emulsion for obtaining is added in sodium hydroxide solution, heats the reaction that is hydrolyzed
Product is obtained, product is carried out into dialysis treatment, obtain the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid.
In the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid described above, step（1）Described in silane coupler it is preferred
For γ-（Methacryloxypropyl）Propyl trimethoxy silicane, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyl-triethoxy silicon
Alkane and γ-（The third oxygen of 2,3- epoxies）One kind in propyl trimethoxy silicane, the oil-soluble initiator be ABVN,
One kind of azodiisobutyronitrile and cumyl hydroperoxide/TEPA, wherein, cumyl hydroperoxide/tetra- ethene five
In amine system, cumyl hydroperoxide is 1 with the mass ratio of TEPA:1.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid described above, step（1）Described in monomer third
Alkene nitrile is 10 with the weight ratio of cross-linker divinylbenzene:1~1.2；Co-stabilizer hexadecane account for monomers acrylonitrile weight 6 ~
8%；Isooctane accounts for the 10% ~ 20% of monomers acrylonitrile weight；Tetraethyl orthosilicate accounts for the 70% ~ 90% of monomers acrylonitrile weight；Silane idol
Connection agent accounts for the 6 ~ 25% of monomers acrylonitrile weight；Oil-soluble initiator accounts for the 1 ~ 2% of monomers acrylonitrile weight.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid described above, step（2）Described in water phase resistance
Poly- agent is natrium nitrosum, and consumption accounts for the 0.1 ~ 0.4% of monomers acrylonitrile weight.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid described above, step（3）Described in triethylamine
Account for the 7 ~ 9% of monomers acrylonitrile weight.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid described above, step（4）Described in homogenized milk
The change time is preferred for 4 ~ 6min.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid described above, step（5）Described in miniemulsion
It is heated to 40 ~ 70 DEG C；Polymerization reaction time is 7 ~ 10h.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid described above, step（6）Described in hydroxide
Sodium solution molar concentration is 3 ~ 7mol/L, and consumption accounts for the 1000 ~ 1500% of monomers acrylonitrile weight；Heating-up temperature is 70 ~ 90 DEG C；
Hydrolysis time is 4 ~ 8h.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid described above, step（6）Described in bag filter
Molecular cut off is 3000 ~ 5000, and dialysis time is 2 ~ 5 days.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid described above, step（6）Described in polypropylene
The hollow microgel of acid has hollow structure, and size is 100 ~ 500nm.
The present invention triethylamine in the presence of hydrolyzes the silica of generation using tetraethyl orthosilicate with acrylonitrile as monomer
Particle replaces traditional Small molecular surfactant absorption in oil-water interfaces, forms stable " oil-in-water " type Pickering emulsion,
Stable polyacrylonitrile hollow microsphere is synthesized using the droplet nucleation mechanism of mini-emulsion polymerization, then is hydrolyzed in alkaline solution,
The hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid is prepared, as the isooctane added in system after monomer polymerization occurs to be separated, liquid is formed
The core of drop, causes the formation of hollow structure, therefore, the microgel prepared has hollow structure.
Wherein, form polyacrylonitrile after acrylonitrile monemer polymerization, due to polyacrylonitrile it is incompatible with isooctane, originally equal
One monomer droplet there occurs phase separation, and the isooctane miniemulsion drop centered that is squeezed defines liquid core；Monomer is polymerized
After the completion of, polyacrylonitrile hollow microsphere is obtained, after hydrolyzed under basic conditions, purification processes is carried out to hydrolysate and is obtained final product polypropylene
The hollow microgel of acid.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is：
（1）The hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid is prepared using Pickering original positions fine emulsion polymerization, with process is simple,
The features such as reaction condition gentle easily controllable and low cost, it is suitable for industrialized production；
（2）The hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid is prepared using Pickering original positions fine emulsion polymerization, with particle diameter point
Cloth is narrow, monodispersity preferably, the features such as size tunable；
（3）Using inorganic particulate silica as surfactant, good emulsion stabilizing effect can not only be played, and
The characteristics of also having environmentally friendly, and hydrophily size can be by adjusting uniform recipe design；
（4）The hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid prepared by the method, hollow structure size can pass through the addition for changing isooctane
Amount is controlled, simple and convenient, it is easy to implement；
（5）The preparation of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid, can be in drug controlled release, Chemical Decomposition, catalyst carrier etc.
Aspect application.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the infrared spectrogram of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid obtained by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope picture of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid obtained by the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following embodiments are further illustrating using as the explaination to the technology of the present invention content for present invention, but
The present invention flesh and blood be not limited in described in following embodiments, one of ordinary skill in the art can with and should know appoint
What simple change or replacement based on true spirit all should belong to protection domain of the presently claimed invention.
Embodiment 1
By 12g acrylonitrile, 1.2g divinylbenzenes, 0.8g hexadecanes, 2.4g isooctane, 10g tetraethyl orthosilicates, 1.0g
γ-（Methacryloxypropyl）Propyl trimethoxy silicane and 0.2g ABVN magnetic agitations 30min so as to fully dissolve
As oil phase；
Weigh 0.02g natrium nitrosums and be dissolved in magnetic agitation 10min in deionized water so as to fully dissolve, as water phase；Will
Oil phase is slowly added in water phase, adds 1g triethylamines, and room temperature magnetic agitation 30min forms mixed solution；Then in ice-water bath
Lower utilization high-speed shearing equipment emulsifying 5min under the shear rate of 16000rpm, forms miniemulsion；
Miniemulsion is transferred in the there-necked flask equipped with agitator, thermometer and reflux condensing tube, is led under stirring
Nitrogen 30min to exclude system air, the isothermal reaction 8h under 55 DEG C of water-baths；Add the hydrogen that 120g molar concentrations are 5mol/L
Sodium hydroxide solution, in obtaining product after isothermal reaction 5h under 80 DEG C of water-baths；It is placed in after being acidified again and is poured into molecular cut off and is
In 3500 bag filter, deionized water dialysis purification 3 days obtains product, infrared spectrograms of the Fig. 1 for product, 1720 ~
1660cm-1Locate as the C=O absworption peaks in carboxyl, 3500 ~ 2500cm-1The broad peak and 1450cm at place-1Absworption peak shake for O-H
Dynamic absworption peak, is indicated above product component for polyacrylic acid.Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope picture of the hollow microgel of gained polyacrylic acid,
Microgel is in hollow structure, and average-size is 350nm.As a result show, embodiment is successfully prepared the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid.
Embodiment 2
By 12g acrylonitrile, 1.2g divinylbenzenes, 0.8g hexadecanes, 1.2g isooctane, 10g tetraethyl orthosilicates, 1.0g
γ-（Methacryloxypropyl）Propyl trimethoxy silicane and 0.2g ABVN magnetic agitations 30min so as to fully dissolve
As oil phase；
Weigh 0.02g natrium nitrosums and be dissolved in magnetic agitation 10min in deionized water so as to fully dissolve, as water phase；
Oil phase is slowly added in water phase, 1g triethylamines are added, room temperature magnetic agitation 30min forms mixed solution；So
High-speed shearing equipment emulsifying 5min under the shear rate of 16000rpm is utilized under ice-water bath afterwards, miniemulsion is formed；
Miniemulsion is transferred in the there-necked flask equipped with agitator, thermometer and reflux condensing tube, is led under stirring
Nitrogen 30min to exclude system air, the isothermal reaction 8h under 55 DEG C of water-baths；Add the hydrogen that 120g molar concentrations are 5mol/L
Sodium hydroxide solution, in obtaining product after isothermal reaction 5h under 80 DEG C of water-baths；It is placed in after being acidified again and is poured into molecular cut off and is
In 3500 bag filter, deionized water dialysis purification 3 days, you can obtain the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid.Average-size is
280nm.Compared with Example 1, as isooctane consumption is reduced so that hollow microgel average-size obtained by final is relative to be subtracted
It is little.
Embodiment 3
By 12g acrylonitrile, 1.2g divinylbenzenes, 0.8g hexadecanes, 2.4g isooctane, 10g tetraethyl orthosilicates, 2.0g
γ-（The third oxygen of 2,3- epoxies）Propyl trimethoxy silicane and 0.2g ABVN magnetic agitations 30min so as to fully dissolve
As oil phase；
Weigh 0.02g natrium nitrosums and be dissolved in magnetic agitation 10min in deionized water so as to fully dissolve, as water phase；Will
Oil phase is slowly added in water phase, adds 1g triethylamines, and room temperature magnetic agitation 30min forms mixed solution；Then in ice-water bath
Lower utilization high-speed shearing equipment emulsifying 5min under the shear rate of 16000rpm, forms miniemulsion；
Miniemulsion is transferred in the there-necked flask equipped with agitator, thermometer and reflux condensing tube, is led under stirring
Nitrogen 30min to exclude system air, the isothermal reaction 8h under 55 DEG C of water-baths；Add the hydrogen that 120g molar concentrations are 5mol/L
Sodium hydroxide solution, in obtaining product after isothermal reaction 5h under 80 DEG C of water-baths；It is placed in after being acidified again and is poured into molecular cut off and is
In 3500 bag filter, deionized water dialysis purification 3 days, you can obtain the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid.Average-size is
350nm。
Embodiment 4
By 12g acrylonitrile, 1.2g divinylbenzenes, 0.8g hexadecanes, 2.4g isooctane, 10g tetraethyl orthosilicates, 1.0g
γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 0.2g azodiisobutyronitrile magnetic agitations 30min so as to which fully dissolving is used as oil phase；
Weigh 0.02g natrium nitrosums and be dissolved in magnetic agitation 10min in deionized water so as to fully dissolve, as water phase；Will
Oil phase is slowly added in water phase, adds 1g triethylamines, and room temperature magnetic agitation 30min forms mixed solution；Then in ice-water bath
Lower utilization high-speed shearing equipment emulsifying 5min under the shear rate of 16000rpm, forms miniemulsion；
Miniemulsion is transferred in the there-necked flask equipped with agitator, thermometer and reflux condensing tube, is led under stirring
Nitrogen 30min to exclude system air, the isothermal reaction 8h under 65 DEG C of water-baths；Add the hydrogen that 120g molar concentrations are 5mol/L
Sodium hydroxide solution, in obtaining product after isothermal reaction 5h under 80 DEG C of water-baths；It is placed in after being acidified again and is poured into molecular cut off and is
In 3500 bag filter, deionized water dialysis purification 3 days, you can obtain the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid.Average-size is
410nm。
Embodiment 5
By 12g acrylonitrile, 1.2g divinylbenzenes, 0.8g hexadecanes, 2.4g isooctane, 10g tetraethyl orthosilicates, 1.0g
γ-（Methacryloxypropyl）Propyl trimethoxy silicane and 0.2g cumyl hydroperoxide magnetic agitations 30min so as to fully molten
Solution is used as oil phase；
Weigh 0.02g natrium nitrosums and be dissolved in magnetic agitation 10min in deionized water so as to fully dissolve, as water phase；Will
Oil phase is slowly added in water phase, adds 1g triethylamines, and room temperature magnetic agitation 30min forms mixed solution；Then in ice-water bath
Lower utilization high-speed shearing equipment emulsifying 5min under the shear rate of 16000rpm, forms miniemulsion；
Miniemulsion is transferred in the there-necked flask equipped with agitator, thermometer and reflux condensing tube, is led under stirring
Nitrogen 30min adds 0.20g TEPAs and the isothermal reaction 8h under 40 DEG C of water-baths to exclude system air, in system；
The sodium hydroxide solution that 120g molar concentrations are 5mol/L is added, in product being obtained after isothermal reaction 5h under 80 DEG C of water-baths；Again
It is placed in after being acidified and is poured in the bag filter that molecular cut off is 3500, deionized water dialysis purification 3 days, you can obtain poly- third
The hollow microgel of olefin(e) acid.Average-size is 500nm.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid, comprises the following steps：
（1）By monomers acrylonitrile, cross-linker divinylbenzene, co-stabilizer hexadecane, isooctane, tetraethyl orthosilicate, silane idol
Connection agent and oil-soluble initiator fully dissolve mixing, used as oil phase；Step（1）Described in monomers acrylonitrile and crosslinking agent diethyl
The weight ratio of alkenyl benzene is 10:1~1.2；Co-stabilizer hexadecane accounts for the 6 ~ 8% of monomers acrylonitrile weight；Isooctane accounts for monomer third
The 10 ~ 20% of alkene nitrile weight；Tetraethyl orthosilicate accounts for the 70 ~ 90% of monomers acrylonitrile weight；Silane coupler accounts for monomers acrylonitrile weight
The 6 ~ 25% of amount；Oil-soluble initiator accounts for the 1 ~ 2% of monomers acrylonitrile weight；
（2）Water phase polymerization inhibitor is dissolved in into deionized water, as water phase；
（3）By step（1）The oil phase for obtaining is slowly added dropwise under agitation into step（2）In the water phase for obtaining, and it is slowly added dropwise three
Ethamine, stirring make to be sufficiently mixed uniform, formation mixed solution；
（4）By step（3）The mixed solution for obtaining high-speed shearing equipment effect under, with the shear rate of 16000 ~ 21000rpm
Emulsifying is carried out, miniemulsion is formed；
（5）By step（4）The miniemulsion for obtaining is in N2Heating under atmosphere carries out polymerisation, obtains polymer microballoon emulsion；
（6）By step（5）The polymer microballoon emulsion for obtaining is added in sodium hydroxide solution, is heated the reaction that is hydrolyzed and is obtained
Product is carried out dialysis treatment by product, obtains the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid.
2. the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）Middle institute
The silane coupler stated be γ-（Methacryloxypropyl）Propyl trimethoxy silicane, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-ammonia
Propyl-triethoxysilicane and γ-（The third oxygen of 2,3- epoxies）One kind in propyl trimethoxy silicane, the oil-soluble initiator
For one kind of ABVN, azodiisobutyronitrile and cumyl hydroperoxide/TEPA, wherein, hydrogen peroxide
In isopropylbenzene/TEPA system, cumyl hydroperoxide is 1 with the mass ratio of TEPA:1.
3. the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（2）Middle institute
The water phase polymerization inhibitor stated is natrium nitrosum, and consumption accounts for the 0.1 ~ 0.4% of monomers acrylonitrile weight.
4. the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（3）Middle institute
The triethylamine stated accounts for the 7 ~ 9% of monomers acrylonitrile weight.
5. the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（4）Middle institute
The emulsifying time stated is 4 ~ 6min.
6. the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（5）Middle institute
The miniemulsion stated is heated to 40 ~ 70 DEG C；Polymerization reaction time is 7 ~ 10h.
7. the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（6）Middle institute
The sodium hydroxide solution molar concentration stated is 3 ~ 7mol/L, and consumption accounts for the 1000 ~ 1500% of monomers acrylonitrile weight；Heating-up temperature
For 70 ~ 90 DEG C；Hydrolysis time is 4 ~ 8h.
8. the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（6）Middle institute
The bag filter molecular cut off stated is 3000 ~ 5000, and dialysis time is 2 ~ 5 days.
9. the preparation method of the hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（6）Middle institute
The hollow microgel of polyacrylic acid stated has hollow structure, and size is 100 ~ 500nm.
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| CN105251418B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-04-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for preparing Pickering microemulsion gel from poly-o-phenylenediamine |
| CN105693924B (en) * | 2016-03-27 | 2017-10-20 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of soft gel heat driven minisize motor of emulsion base and preparation method thereof |
| CN108314756A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-07-24 | 安徽大学 | A kind of microspheres and preparation method thereof prepared based on the original positions Pickering miniemulsion |
| CN108532018A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-09-14 | 芜湖天科生物科技有限公司 | A kind of gel conductive fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN108676164B (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2020-12-15 | 安徽大学 | Preparation method of polymer hybrid hollow microspheres through click chemical interface reaction |
| CN110408313B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2021-05-25 | 安徽大学 | Polyacrylonitrile hollow microsphere modified waterborne polyurethane extinction resin and preparation method thereof |
| CN113493573A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-10-12 | 郑锦芳 | High-thermal-conductivity polyimide film and preparation method thereof |
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