CN104892317A - In-situ passivating conditioner for alkaline soil polluted by heavy metal cadmium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
In-situ passivating conditioner for alkaline soil polluted by heavy metal cadmium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the control technology of heavy metal pollution of soil and particularly discloses an in-situ passivating conditioner for alkaline soil polluted by heavy metal cadmium and a preparation method thereof. The in-situ passivating conditioner comprises the following raw material components: lime, ox bone, animal blood, earthworm, ferment organic fertilizer, Si-Ca-Mg-K composite fertilizer, diatomite and activated carbon. The preparation method of the in-situ passivating conditioner refers to uniformly stirring and mixing all the raw material components together. When the in-situ passivating conditioner is used, firstly alkaline soil polluted by heavy metal is ploughed for the first time and soil blocks are smashed; then, the in-situ passivating conditioner is applied; and the soil is ploughed for the second time so that the soil can be mixed with the in-situ passivating conditioner uniformly; and then vegetables can be planted. The used in-situ passivating conditioner has adsorption, complexing, precipitation and other reactions with heavy metal elements so that the bio-availability and transferability of heavy metal in soil can be reduced, the self-cleaning capability of soil can be improved, and the fertility condition of soil can be further improved; therefore, vegetable products with high quality and high yield can be output from the soil and the ecological function and industrial function of alkaline soil can be recovered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Treatment process of heavy metal pollution of soil, be specifically related to a kind of in-situ passivation amendment and preparation method of alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium.
Background technology
China is Vegetable produce in the world and consumption big country, and growing vegetables area is more than 1,700 ten thousand hectares, and ultimate production reaches more than 500,000,000 ton, is large Vegetables Exportation state of the world the 3rd.But because multiple crop index is high, agricultural chemicals and fertilizers input are large, and majority is distributed in outskirts of a town, and large by city industrialization pollution effect, China's alkaline heavy metal pollution situation is on the rise.Have investigation to show, China's alkaline soil cadmium pollution (Cd pollution) is comparatively serious, and Cd content overproof rate is up to 24.1%.Shenyang Suburb more than 10,000 hectare of alkalescence is generally subject to heavy metal contamination, the exceeding standard rate average out to 91.6% of Cd and Pb, and in the Chinese cabbage of output, Cd content overproof rate is 33.3% up to 100%, Pb content overproof rate.As can be seen here, the heavy metal pollution problem of alkaline soil serious threat is produced to China's vegetable safety, becomes the outstanding environmental problem needing solution badly.
At present, the technology that can be used for administering heavy metal pollution of soil is a lot, mainly comprises: 1) physics Treatment process, as soil moved in improve the original method, Electrodynamic force method and heat treating process etc.; 2) chemical harnessing technology, as chemical leaching method, oxidation repairing method, reduction repairing method and chemical passivation method etc.; 3) bioremediation technology, namely utilizes certain plants, animal, microorganism absorbs, extracts or pollutent in fixing soil, wherein more with plant extract recovery technique investigation and application.These remediation contaminated soil technology existing have certain repairing effect, but also there is larger limitation.Such as, the costs such as soil moved in improve the original method, Electrodynamic force method, chemical leaching method are higher, large to soil disturbance, seriously reduce soil fertility, and easily cause secondary pollution, are therefore only applicable to administer severe contamination soil and process pop-up threat among a small circle.And plant extract recovery technique, although be subject to extensive concern because of its easy and simple to handle and environmental friendliness, but the reparation plant variety found at present is limited, and most biomass is low, poor growth, adaptive faculty are poor, remediation efficiency is difficult to the needs meeting practical application.
In a word, at present for administer heavy metal pollution of soil practicality, reliable, proven technique is less.Therefore, seek efficient, economic, safe heavy metal pollution of soil Treatment process and become one of pendulum important topic in face of people.
In the chemical harnessing technology of heavy metal pollution of soil, advantages such as in-situ chemical passivation recovery technique is easy with it, effective and economical and practical and be subject to the most attention of people, are particularly useful for repairing in big area, the agricultural land soil of slight pollution.It is by passivating materials such as feeding lime, organic materials, phosphoric acid salt in soil, precipitate with heavy metal element, adsorb, ion-exchange, the series reaction such as humify and redox, and then change the occurrence patterns of heavy metal, its biological effectiveness of remarkable reduction and transportable property, obvious alleviation heavy metal contamination, to the toxic action of plant-growth, significantly reduces the uptake and accumulation of plant heavy metal.From the eighties in last century, in-situ passivation recovery technique starts to put in practical application.
Passivating material conventional in current in-situ passivation recovery technique comprises basic material, containing P material, clay mineral, iron and manganese oxides and organic materials etc.Wherein, clay mineral is used for the passivation reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil, have original position, cheapness, easy to operate, validity period long, on soil physico-chemical property and quality without advantages such as impacts, and as one of the main ingredient of soil, it can strengthen the self-purification capacity of soil, improves the crumb structure of soil.
In addition, China's clay mineral resource have wide in variety, widely distributed, reserves are huge, the advantage such as cheap, use it for the passivation reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil, not only can administer for contaminate environment provides an effective approach, is also conducive to the comprehensive utilization of clay mineral resource.The natural clay mineral being usually used in heavy-metal contaminated soil passivation reparation has: zeolite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, attapulgite, sepiolite and vermiculite etc., wherein, better with the passivation repairing effect of zeolite, sepiolite, montmorillonite, and correlative study is also more.But, apply simple sorbent material etc., understand the increase along with amount of application thus physiochemical properties of soil caused to the impact being difficult to reply, thus affecting the production function of soil.
Therefore, must screen existing absorption, improved materials, select advantages of good adsorption effect, to soil property disturbance little as repair materials; In addition, scientific and reasonable proportioning, and by actual repair verification experimental verification, guarantee under the prerequisite that soil and plant growth are had no adverse effects, realize reparation and the improvement of alkaline soil heavy metal contamination.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide the in-situ passivation amendment of alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium, this in-situ passivation amendment can carry out surface adsorption, substitutional ion and form complexes or precipitates with heavy metal element, thus reduces heavy metal element from soil to the migration of food chain.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
(1) an in-situ passivation amendment for alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium, is characterized in that, comprises following feed composition: lime, ox bone, animal blood, earthworm, ferment fertilizer, silico-calcium magnesium-potassium, diatomite and gac.
Preferably, described feed composition mass percent is: lime 17% ~ 25%, bovine bone powder 8% ~ 13%, animal blood meal 9% ~ 14%, wormcast 13% ~ 17%, enzymatic microorganism fertilizer 8% ~ 13%, Si, Ca, Mg, K fertilizer 9% ~ 14%, diatomite 12% ~ 18% and gac 7% ~ 11%.
Preferably, described diatomite is 1250 orders.
(2) preparation method of the in-situ passivation amendment of described alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium, is characterized in that, by described feed composition stirring and evenly mixing, to obtain final product.
(3) using method of the in-situ passivation amendment of described alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium, is characterized in that, is first once turned over by the alkaline soil of heavy metal contamination, and soil block is smashed, and then apply in-situ passivation amendment, then secondary is turned over mixing, gets final product planting vegetable.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and useful technique effect:
(1) the in-situ passivation amendment of a kind of alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium of the present invention, in its in-situ passivation amendment feed composition, lime has the effect improving soil pH and reduce effect of fertilizer activity; Bovine bone powder and gac have the effect of absorption; Enzymatic microorganism fertilizer and wormcast have improvement soil property, form the feature of the reaction such as complexing, precipitation; Diatomite has the effect of absorption and ion-exchange; Animal blood meal and Si, Ca, Mg, K fertilizer have the effect of ion-exchange.
(2) repairing effect is good.The in-situ passivation amendment that the present invention uses, by adsorbing with heavy metal element, complexing, the reaction such as precipitation, thus reduce the biological effectiveness of heavy metal and transportable property; Meanwhile, this in-situ passivation amendment has and improves soil fertility, improves the effect of soil self purification activity, effectively can improve soil quality, recovers ecological functions and the Industrial Function of alkaline soil.
(3) raw material sources are extensive, with low cost.In invention, all available purchase finished product of ingredient, does not need further processing treatment, widely distributed, price is lower, ground of not limiting the production, source are sufficient, cheap, and economic feasibility is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further details.
Fig. 1 is red top, vegetable plot dry weight schematic diagram of being unworthy of the honour under different embodiment process.
Fig. 2 is soil available cadmium content schematic diagram under different embodiment process.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further details, but the invention is not restricted to these embodiments.
Experiment soil is a green house of vegetables in Guanzhong，Shanxi somewhere, and pH value is 7.80, and total Cd content is 1.91-1.49mg/kg, belongs to mild or moderate cadmium pollution soil.The method of experiment in-situ treatment, carries out with experiment of single factor method, applies the in-situ passivation amendment of 80 kgs/acre, 100 kgs/acre and 120 kg/mu respectively in soil; Process in contrast (CK) not add in-situ passivation amendment.
Embodiment 1: a kind of using method of in-situ passivation amendment of alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium, its concrete steps are as follows:
1) prepare the in-situ passivation amendment of 80 kgs/acre, the mass percent of its feed composition is: lime 17%, bovine bone powder 8%, animal blood meal 9%, wormcast 13%, enzymatic microorganism fertilizer 8%, Si, Ca, Mg, K fertilizer 9%, diatomite 12% and gac 7%; By abundant for each feed composition stirring and evenly mixing, obtain in-situ passivation amendment.
2) consider that in-situ passivation amendment fully contacts with contaminated soil, be conducive to the effect improving contaminated soil passivation reparation, in use, first the alkaline soil of heavy metal contamination once turned over, and soil block is smashed.
3) in-situ passivation amendment obtained above is applied in the soil turned over, then secondary is turned over mixing, gets final product planting vegetable.
Embodiment 2: a kind of using method of in-situ passivation amendment of alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium, its concrete steps are as follows:
1) the in-situ passivation amendment of 100 kgs/acre is prepared,, the mass percent of its feed composition is: lime 20%, bovine bone powder 10%, animal blood meal 10%, wormcast 15%, enzymatic microorganism fertilizer 10%, Si, Ca, Mg, K fertilizer 10%, diatomite 15% and gac 10%; By abundant for each feed composition stirring and evenly mixing, obtain in-situ passivation amendment.
2) consider that in-situ passivation amendment fully contacts with contaminated soil, be conducive to the effect improving contaminated soil passivation reparation, in use, first the alkaline soil of heavy metal contamination once turned over, and soil block is smashed.
3) in-situ passivation amendment obtained above is applied in the soil turned over, then secondary is turned over mixing, gets final product planting vegetable.
Embodiment 3: a kind of using method of in-situ passivation amendment of alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium, its concrete steps are as follows:
1) the in-situ passivation amendment of 120 kg/mu is prepared,, the mass percent of its feed composition is: lime 25%, bovine bone powder 13%, animal blood meal 14%, wormcast 17%, enzymatic microorganism fertilizer 13%, Si, Ca, Mg, K fertilizer 14%, diatomite 18% and gac 11%; By abundant for each feed composition stirring and evenly mixing, obtain in-situ passivation amendment.
2) consider that in-situ passivation amendment fully contacts with contaminated soil, be conducive to the effect improving contaminated soil passivation reparation, in use, first the alkaline soil of heavy metal contamination once turned over, and soil block is smashed.
3) in-situ passivation amendment obtained above is applied in the soil turned over, then secondary is turned over mixing, gets final product planting vegetable.
The in-situ passivation amendment that a kind of alkaline soil heavy metal Cd of the present invention is polluted and preparation method, to measuring red top, vegetable plot Cd content of being unworthy of the honour in above 3 embodiments respectively, its concrete steps are: 1) in the soil of the in-situ passivation amendment of the applying difference amount prepared, respectively with 1.5m
2processed in units area, each re-treatment 3 times, ageing 1 month, obtains the soil that 3 kinds apply the processed in units area of the in-situ passivation amendments of different amount; 2) apply, in the soil of the processed in units area of the in-situ passivation amendment of different amount, to sow red dish of being unworthy of the honour respectively to 3 kinds that obtain after ageing, with tap water pouring, make soil moisture remain on about 60% of field capacity; 3) after red dish of being unworthy of the honour grows 60 days, gather in the crops sampling respectively, obtain 3 kinds of red dish samples of being unworthy of the honour containing different Cd content; 4) measure: after first the red dish sample nitric acid-perchloric acid method that is unworthy of the honour that 3 kinds contain different Cd content being cleared up respectively, then use atomic absorption spectrophotometry, measure 3 kinds of red Cd content of being unworthy of the honour in dish sample containing different Cd content respectively; 5) DTPA (diethyl pentetic acid) extraction, extraction and determination applies the content of the soil available Cd of the in-situ passivation amendment of 3 kinds of different amounts.
Control experiment: 1) sow red dish of being unworthy of the honour in the soil of the in-situ passivation amendment do not applied, with tap water pouring, makes soil moisture remain on about 60% of field capacity; 2), after red dish of being unworthy of the honour grows 60 days, results sampling, is not applied the red dish sample of being unworthy of the honour of in-situ passivation amendment; 3) measure: after first the red dish sample nitric acid-perchloric acid method that is unworthy of the honour not applying in-situ passivation amendment being cleared up, then with the red Cd content of being unworthy of the honour in dish sample of atomic absorption spectroscopy determination; 4) with DTPA (diethyl pentetic acid) extraction, extraction and determination does not apply the content of the soil available Cd of in-situ passivation amendment.
As shown in Figure 1, different embodiment method is on the impact of red alkaline top fresh weight of being unworthy of the honour.As shown in Figure 1, the soil of test is applied respectively to the in-situ passivation amendment of 3 kinds of different amounts, red dish the upperground part biomass (fresh weight) of being unworthy of the honour can be improved.As can be seen here, the in-situ passivation amendment that alkaline soil heavy metal Cd of the present invention is polluted, not only can reduce the enrichment of plant heavy metal Cd, significantly can promote crop yield simultaneously.
As shown in table 1, different embodiment method is on the impact of red top, vegetable plot Cd content of being unworthy of the honour.Under the in-situ passivation amendment process of applying 80 kgs/acre, red top, vegetable plot Cd content of being unworthy of the honour reduces 39% (dry weight); Under the in-situ passivation amendment process of applying 100 kgs/acre, red top, vegetable plot Cd content of being unworthy of the honour reduces 45% (dry weight); Under the in-situ passivation amendment process applying 120 kg/mu, red top, vegetable plot Cd content of being unworthy of the honour reduces about 48% (dry weight), and it all meets the leaf vegetables Cd content limit value 0.2mg/kg that China food hygienic standard GB2762-2005 specifies.As shown in Table 1, under different in-situ passivation amendment consumptions, red dish of being unworthy of the honour fresh sample Cd content is all lower than this standard.As can be seen here, in-situ passivation amendment of the present invention is enriched with positive effect to what reduce vegetables heavy metal Cd.
Fig. 2 indicates the in-situ passivation amendment of alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium, under different embodiment method, applies the in-situ passivation amendment of different amount to the impact of soil available cadmium content.As shown in Figure 2, apply the in-situ passivation amendment of different amount, reduction trend is presented to soil available cadmium content.Under applying the in-situ passivation amendment of different amount at 3 kinds, in soil, Cd available state have dropped 31%, 37% and 36% respectively.This shows, though the lasting increase of in-situ passivation conditioning applied amount can not guarantee the content of Cd available state in soil, but can in actual use according to soil contamination grade, the applied amount of corresponding adjustment in-situ passivation conditioning, reduces soil available cadmium content.
Table 1 applies the in-situ passivation amendment of different amount to the impact (mg/kg) of red top, vegetable plot Cd content of being unworthy of the honour
Comprehensive above-mentioned experimental result, the in-situ passivation amendment of a kind of alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium adopting the present invention to prepare, significantly can reduce the biological effectiveness of heavy metal-polluted soil Cd and transportable property, reduce vegetables to the uptake and accumulation of Cd, effective Promoting plant growth simultaneously, thus reach the object of heavy metal contaminated soil passivation reparation.
The above, be only better case of the present invention, do not make any restriction to the present invention, and every any simple modification, change, imitation done above case study on implementation for the technology of the present invention content all belongs to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. an in-situ passivation amendment for alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium, is characterized in that, its feed composition is: lime, ox bone, animal blood, earthworm, ferment fertilizer, silico-calcium magnesium-potassium, diatomite and gac.
2. the in-situ passivation amendment of alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described feed composition mass percent is: lime 17% ~ 25%, bovine bone powder 8% ~ 13%, animal blood meal 9% ~ 14%, wormcast 13% ~ 17%, enzymatic microorganism fertilizer 8% ~ 13%, Si, Ca, Mg, K fertilizer 9% ~ 14%, diatomite 12% ~ 18% and gac 7% ~ 11%.
3. the in-situ passivation amendment of alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described diatomite is 1250 orders.
4. a preparation method for the in-situ passivation amendment of alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium according to claim 1, is characterized in that, by described feed composition stirring and evenly mixing, to obtain final product.
5. the using method of the in-situ passivation amendment of an alkaline soil heavy metal cadmium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, first the alkaline soil of heavy metal contamination is once turned over, and soil block is smashed, and then apply in-situ passivation amendment, secondary is turned over mixing again, gets final product planting vegetable.
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| CN105272720B (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2019-04-02 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | It can rehabilitating soil, the compound fertilizer of reduction crop Cd uptake and its application |
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Application publication date: 20150909 |