CN104881716A - Optimization programming and evaluation method of micro-grid power supply - Google Patents
Optimization programming and evaluation method of micro-grid power supply Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimization programming and evaluation method of a micro-grid power supply. Under grid connection and island operation modes, a mathematical model of distributed power supply optimization programming in a microgrid is established respectively. Constraint conditions of diesel generator starting and operation are considered so that optimization configuration of scientific wind power, photovoltaic and fuel cells, a diesel generator and an energy storage capacity is acquired. A heredity and particle swarm algorithm is used to carry out optimization programming on the power supply in the microgrid. A programming scheme evaluation method including a stable power supply duty ratio, total investment, a time-shifting electric quantity of energy storage, power supply capacity adequacy and longest running time of the diesel generator is established. Correctness of a programming method and rationality of a programming result are guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to distributed power source planning field in micro-capacitance sensor, especially relate to a kind of optimization planning and the appraisal procedure of considering the micro-capacitance sensor power supply of grid-connected and isolated island two kinds of methods of operation.
Background technology
The shortage of resource, the consumption of the energy and the demand of environmental protection facilitate the development of distributed new.Micro-capacitance sensor (Micro-grid; be called for short MG) refer to the small-sized electric system of being transported to collected by distributed power source, energy storage device, energy conversion device, load, monitoring and protective device etc., be one can teaching display stand control, the autonomous system of protect and manage.It can solve a large amount of accesses of distributed power source effectively, meets remote districts power supply and improves urban distribution network dirigibility, saves bulk power grid investment, improves power supply reliability, have wide development and application prospect; The construction of micro-capacitance sensor is conducive to the best efficiency giving full play to distributed power source, and micro-capacitance sensor can support mutually with traditional electrical network simultaneously, and when electric network fault, energy islet operation, ensures important load uninterrupted power supply; How according to Natural resources condition and user's requirement of locality, optimum choice, configure each distributed power source, under the prerequisite meeting micro-capacitance sensor safe and stable operation and customer power supply requirement, make comprehensive benefit optimum, there is important Research Significance.
The optimization planning of micro-capacitance sensor power supply is the important content of micro-capacitance sensor planning, current Chinese scholars has done large quantity research in this respect, and achieve certain achievement, document " the micro-capacitance sensor electricity optimization based on hybrid quantum GA configures " (Fu Yang etc., protecting electrical power system and control, 2013, 41 (24): 50-57) with the complementary independent micro-capacitance sensor of the wind-light storage of islet operation for research object, establish and take into account installation construction cost, operation and maintenance cost, the micro-capacitance sensor power source planning objective function of equipment replacement expense and power failure reimbursement for expenses, and adopt adaptive multiuser detection method to revise, combining adaptive rotation angle adjustable strategies, the operation of quantum bit cross and variation and colony's catastrophe thought, propose a kind of hybrid quantum GA, plan model is solved, but because the island operation state only for micro-capacitance sensor is planned, have ignored the state of being incorporated into the power networks, the operation constraint of diesel-driven generator is not considered yet, the science of program results may be affected, document " wind light mutual complementing mixed power supply system multi-objective optimization design of power " (Yang Qi etc., Automation of Electric Systems, 2009,33 (17): 86-90) a kind of capacity Optimal Allocation Model of wind light mutual complementing mixed power supply system is proposed, introduce this decision variable of photovoltaic solar plate inclination angle, make model more accurate, adopt improvement differential evolution algorithm to carry out solving of model, result shows that algorithm has good convergence stability, document " Optimal unit sizing of distributed energy resources in microgrid using genetic algorithm " (Tafreshi S M M etc., Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering, 2010:836-841) establish the Optimal Planning Model of micro-capacitance sensor power supply capacity, main consideration micro-capacitance sensor decoupled mode, objective function takes into account installation cost, the replacement cost, operation expense, fuel cost and to bulk power grid sell electricity income, with load short of electricity probability for constraint condition, and adopt genetic algorithm to solve this nonlinear optimization planning problem, document " the micro-capacitance sensor electricity optimization configuration of consideration random character " (Lu Yang etc., Power System and its Automation journal, 2013,25 (3): 108-114) minimum for target with mixed economy cost, with node voltage quality for constraint condition, establish the mathematical model of islet operation micro-capacitance sensor site selection of coal fired power plant constant volume, and solve with particle cluster algorithm.Document " based on the maximized micro-capacitance sensor electricity optimization configuration of net benefits " (Li Dengfeng etc., protecting electrical power system and control, 2013, 41 (20): 20-26) electric generation investment is considered, operation and maintenance, the costs such as fuel purchase, and energy-saving and emission-reduction, damage is fallen, improve reliability and delay the benefits such as electric grid investment, set up the objective function of micro-capacitance sensor year net benefits, take into account energy-storage units discharge and recharge, the annual islet operation of micro-capacitance sensor abundance, the constraint conditions such as carbon emission, foundation optimizes micro-capacitance sensor electricity optimization allocation models, and adopt genetic algorithm to solve.
Micro-capacitance sensor has grid-connected and isolated island two kinds of methods of operation, Power Exchange can be carried out with major network under synchronizing mode, can by exert oneself controlled distributed power source and energy storage to maintain micro-capacitance sensor stable operation under decoupled mode, and in the past for micro-capacitance sensor electricity optimization planning research in, optimization planning mathematical model often can not consider two kinds of different running method of micro-capacitance sensor, this programme is that shortcoming is scientific, in the programme that intermittent distributed power source accounting is larger, work as wind speed, when intensity of illumination is less, need diesel-driven generator long-time running, therefore in planning, consider that the operation constraint of diesel-driven generator is necessary, and many documents have ignored this important restrictions.In addition, for the micro-capacitance sensor power source planning scheme drawn, document proposition programme appraisal procedure is rarely had to carry out the rationality of program evaluation result.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the optimization planning and the appraisal procedure that provide a kind of micro-capacitance sensor power supply, cannot planning be optimized to grid-connected and isolated island situation for prior art simultaneously and not consider that the optimization planning scheme that diesel-driven generator restricted problem is brought does not arrive optimum, scientifically can be optimized planning to micro-capacitance sensor power supply, obtain optimum distributed power source allocation plan, adopt genetic algorithm can realize allocation optimum fast, and can assess it, obtain optimum a kind of reasonable plan combination, to overcome the deficiency of prior art problem.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of Method for optimized planning of micro-capacitance sensor power supply, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the method optimizing mathematics for programming model that is incorporated into the power networks is set up, micro-capacitance sensor under the mode of being incorporated into the power networks, ensure 100% power supply of micro-capacitance sensor internal load, secondly, the source of electric energy, except considering the Unit Combination between micro-capacitance sensor internal electric source, also needs to consider the power trade amount between micro-capacitance sensor and power distribution network, simultaneously, fully take into account the maximum using of regenerative resource, set up the mathematical model of gross investment, its objective function is as follows:
Wherein,
for the initial outlay expense of each distributed power source,
for the kind of distributed power source,
for rate of discount,
for distributed power source tenure of use;
for the operational and administrative expenses of each distributed power source,
hour,
be
plant the operational and administrative expenses (unit/kWh) of distributed power source specific power,
be
plant distributed electrical source power;
for micro-capacitance sensor is from the power purchase expense of outside power distribution network,
for power purchase price (unit),
for power purchase electricity (kWh);
for the residual value of each distributed power source;
for the fuel cost of fuel cell and diesel-driven generator,
be
plant the fuel cost of fuel cell or diesel-driven generator specific power,
be
plant fuel cell or diesel generation acc power,
for the kind of fuel cell and diesel-driven generator;
for the charges for disposing pollutants use of each distributed power source,
for processing
plant the expense of pollutant,
be
plant the pollutant discharge amount of distributed power source;
for the interruption cost of user; Wherein,
for the load that user is interrupted,
for interruption cost.
(2) by the mathematical model in step (1), allow regenerative resource generation maximum using, the capacity of grid-connected constraint condition to wind-power electricity generation, photovoltaic, fuel cell, diesel-driven generator and energy storage is adopted to be optimized planning, ensure 100% power supply of micro-capacitance sensor internal load, obtain the allocation optimum scheme of each distributed power source, the i.e. allocation optimum of wind-powered electricity generation, photovoltaic, fuel cell, diesel-driven generator and energy storage, described grid-connected constraint condition comprises the minimum value constraint of diesel-driven generator initial start and runs constraint;
(3) set up decoupled mode optimization planning mathematical model, the objective function of mathematical model is as follows:
Wherein,
for the interruption cost of user,
for Custom interruption cost expense,
for the investment of energy storage,
for user's power failure amount,
for the reimbursement for expenses of interruptible load;
(4) be optimized by isolated island constraint condition by the objective function of the described mathematical model in step (3), acquisition objective function is minimum, obtain the further final optimal configuration of energy storage, obtain final optimal allocation plan that is grid-connected and each distributed power source under decoupled mode.
Preferably, above-mentioned grid-connected constraint condition is:
(1) power-balance constraint
Wherein,
be respectively
the output power of moment photovoltaic generation, wind-power electricity generation, diesel-driven generator, fuel cell, energy storage and electrical network,
for power efficiency factor,
for
the load in moment,
for
the network loss in moment;
(2) each distributed electrical source power bound constraint
get 0,
for the rated power of each distributed power source;
(3) energy storage discharge and recharge constraint
When
the capacity of moment energy storage
when being greater than depth of discharge, energy storage is discharged, and when being less than depth of discharge, energy storage is not discharged, and described depth of discharge is total energy storage electricity
50%;
(4) mutual between micro-capacitance sensor and power distribution network max cap. constraint
micro-capacitance sensor and power distribution network interconnection actual transmission power,
the maximal value that micro-capacitance sensor and power distribution network interconnection actual transmission power allow;
(5) the minimum value constraint of diesel-driven generator initial start
for 50% of rated power;
(6) diesel generator runs constraint
When diesel-driven generator continuous operating time is greater than 12h, its output rating is original 90%.
Preferably, above-mentioned isolated island constraint condition is:
(1) power-balance constraint
Wherein,
be respectively
the output power of moment photovoltaic generation, wind-power electricity generation, diesel-driven generator, fuel cell, energy storage and electrical network,
for power efficiency factor,
for
the load in moment,
for
the network loss in moment;
(2) each distributed electrical source power bound constraint
get 0,
for the rated power of each distributed power source;
(3) energy storage discharge and recharge constraint
When
the capacity of moment energy storage
when being greater than depth of discharge, energy storage is discharged, and when being less than depth of discharge, energy storage is not discharged, and described depth of discharge is total energy storage electricity
50%;
(4) the minimum value constraint of diesel-driven generator initial start
for 50% of rated power;
(5) diesel generator runs constraint
When diesel-driven generator continuous operating time is greater than 12h, its output rating is original 90%.
Preferably, above-mentioned renewable resource maximum using: when regenerative resource electric energy is greater than load, be greater than loaded portion electric energy to be absorbed by accumulator system, when being less than load, energy storage system discharges electric energy supplement lack, energy storage system discharges system also cannot electric energy supplement disappearance time, adopt other distributed power sources to carry out bidding power transmission, preferentially exert oneself from generating price mode from small to large and power, other distributed power sources described are fuel cell, diesel-driven generator and bulk power grid.
Preferably, excise the load of load important factor lower than setting value under above-mentioned decoupled mode, described load important factor is the economic benefit that user power utilization can be brought.
Preferably, above-mentioned Method for optimized planning adopts genetic algorithm or particle cluster algorithm to realize, Method for optimized planning because of micro-capacitance sensor power supply belongs to the nonlinear optimization allocation problem of multivariate, belt restraining, objective function can realize the convergence of configuration scheme fast by genetic algorithm or particle cluster algorithm, obtains optimum distributed power source allocation plan.
Preferably, above-mentioned genetic algorithm adopts group size to be M=100, crossover probability Pc=70%, mutation probability Pm=4%, optimal save strategy number is chosen for 10, and maximum iteration time is N=1000, described particle cluster algorithm group size is M=40, maximal rate Vmax=10, Studying factors c1=c2=2, maximum iteration time 3000 times.
An appraisal procedure for the optimization planning of micro-capacitance sensor power supply, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) set up evaluate parameter, described evaluate parameter is the fuel battery power that obtains in the Method for optimized planning step (4) of a kind of micro-capacitance sensor power supply according to claim 1 and diesel generation acc power sum accounts for the ratio of all powers, gross investment accounts for and all carries out the expense of power supply station's need, energy storage time shift electricity power supply capacity abundant intensity and diesel oil Electrical Discharge Machine longest run time by bulk power grid;
(2) by assessing evaluate parameter, be about to that the fuel battery power that obtains and diesel generation acc power sum account for that the ratio of all powers is maximum, gross investment accounts for and all undertaken by bulk power grid that the expense of power supply station's need is minimum, energy storage time shift electricity power supply capacity abundant intensity is maximum and the diesel oil Electrical Discharge Machine longest run time is assessed, and chooses the allocation optimum scheme of distributed power source.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: compared with prior art have following effect:
(1) the present invention considers grid-connected and isolated island two kinds of methods of operation simultaneously, establish the mathematical model of distributed power source optimization planning in micro-capacitance sensor respectively, under synchronizing mode, distribute a few class power supply of capacity of wind-powered electricity generation, photovoltaic, fuel cell, diesel-driven generator and energy storage rationally, make its maximum using regenerative resource, if wind-powered electricity generation and photo-voltaic power supply are under isolated island mode, distribute stored energy capacitance rationally further, can realize better by optimization planning scheme greatly, effect of optimization be better;
(2) take into account the operation constraint of diesel-driven generator in optimization planning of the present invention, because diesel-driven generator is in the programme that intermittent distributed power source accounting is larger, when wind speed, intensity of illumination are less, need diesel-driven generator long-time running, consider that the constraint condition of diesel-driven generator can allow programme more accurately good;
(3) adopt the method for assessment to carry out final assessment to the time shift electricity of the accounting of stabilized power source of the allocation plan optimized, gross investment, energy storage, power supply capacity abundant intensity and several respects evaluation index of diesel-driven generator longest run time, obtains better reasonable prioritization scheme accurately.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of genetic algorithm;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of particle cluster algorithm;
Fig. 3 is genetic algorithm distribution of results;
Fig. 4 is particle cluster algorithm distribution of results;
Fig. 5 is the distribution plan of the gross investment of 10 kinds of schemes;
Fig. 6 is power supply capacity abundant intensity size.
Embodiment
Embodiment: a kind of Method for optimized planning of micro-capacitance sensor power supply, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the method optimizing mathematics for programming model that is incorporated into the power networks is set up, micro-capacitance sensor under the mode of being incorporated into the power networks, ensure 100% power supply of micro-capacitance sensor internal load, secondly, the source of electric energy, except considering the Unit Combination between micro-capacitance sensor internal electric source, also needs to consider the power trade amount between micro-capacitance sensor and power distribution network, simultaneously, fully take into account the maximum using of regenerative resource, set up the mathematical model of gross investment, its objective function is as follows:
Wherein,
for the initial outlay expense of each distributed power source,
for the kind of distributed power source,
for rate of discount,
for distributed power source tenure of use;
for the operational and administrative expenses of each distributed power source,
hour,
be
plant the operational and administrative expenses (unit/kWh) of distributed power source specific power,
be
plant distributed electrical source power;
for micro-capacitance sensor is from the power purchase expense of outside power distribution network,
for power purchase price (unit),
for power purchase electricity (kWh);
for the residual value of each distributed power source;
for the fuel cost of fuel cell and diesel-driven generator,
be
plant the fuel cost of fuel cell or diesel-driven generator specific power,
be
plant fuel cell or diesel generation acc power,
for the kind of fuel cell and diesel-driven generator;
for the charges for disposing pollutants use of each distributed power source,
for processing
plant the expense of pollutant,
be
plant the pollutant discharge amount of distributed power source;
for the interruption cost of user; Wherein,
for the load that user is interrupted,
for interruption cost.
(2) by the mathematical model in step (1), allow regenerative resource generation maximum using, the capacity of grid-connected constraint condition to wind-power electricity generation, photovoltaic, fuel cell, diesel-driven generator and energy storage is adopted to be optimized planning, ensure 100% power supply of micro-capacitance sensor internal load, obtain the allocation optimum scheme of each distributed power source, the i.e. allocation optimum of wind-powered electricity generation, photovoltaic, fuel cell, diesel-driven generator and energy storage, described grid-connected constraint condition comprises the minimum value constraint of diesel-driven generator initial start and runs constraint;
(3) decoupled mode optimization planning mathematical model is set up, during micro-capacitance sensor islet operation, do not consider to conclude the business with the electricity of electrical network, workload demand is all responsible for by micro-capacitance sensor internal electric source, under this method of operation, the power supply of micro-capacitance sensor demand fulfillment important load, simultaneously in order to improve power supply reliability and the power supply quality of user, there is islet operation as far as possible, it is minimum that sum is invested in the loss of outage of user and energy storage, and excise the load of load important factor lower than setting value, described load important factor is the economic benefit that user power utilization can be brought, therefore, the objective function of mathematical model is as follows:
Wherein,
for the interruption cost of user,
for Custom interruption cost expense,
for the investment of energy storage,
for user's power failure amount,
for the reimbursement for expenses of interruptible load;
(4) be optimized by isolated island constraint condition by the objective function of the described mathematical model in step (3), acquisition objective function is minimum, obtain the further final optimal configuration of energy storage, obtain final optimal allocation plan that is grid-connected and each distributed power source under decoupled mode.
Based on mathematical model mentioned above, micro-capacitance sensor electricity optimization planning problem belongs to the nonlinear optimization allocation problem of multivariate, Problem with Some Constrained Conditions, and the present invention can adopt genetic algorithm or particle cluster algorithm to solve.
Preferably, above-mentioned grid-connected constraint condition is:
(1) power-balance constraint
Wherein,
be respectively
the output power of moment photovoltaic generation, wind-power electricity generation, diesel-driven generator, fuel cell, energy storage and electrical network,
for power efficiency factor,
for
the load in moment,
for
the network loss in moment;
(2) each distributed electrical source power bound constraint
get 0,
for the rated power of each distributed power source;
(3) energy storage discharge and recharge constraint
When
the capacity of moment energy storage
when being greater than depth of discharge, energy storage is discharged, and when being less than depth of discharge, energy storage is not discharged, and described depth of discharge is total energy storage electricity
50%;
(4) mutual between micro-capacitance sensor and power distribution network max cap. constraint
micro-capacitance sensor and power distribution network interconnection actual transmission power,
the maximal value that micro-capacitance sensor and power distribution network interconnection actual transmission power allow;
(5) the minimum value constraint of diesel-driven generator initial start
for 50% of rated power;
(6) diesel generator runs constraint
When diesel-driven generator continuous operating time is greater than 12h, its output rating is original 90%.
Preferably, above-mentioned isolated island constraint condition is:
(1) power-balance constraint
Wherein,
be respectively
the output power of moment photovoltaic generation, wind-power electricity generation, diesel-driven generator, fuel cell, energy storage and electrical network,
for power efficiency factor,
for
the load in moment,
for
the network loss in moment;
(2) each distributed electrical source power bound constraint
get 0,
for the rated power of each distributed power source;
(3) energy storage discharge and recharge constraint
When
the capacity of moment energy storage
when being greater than depth of discharge, energy storage is discharged, and when being less than depth of discharge, energy storage is not discharged, and described depth of discharge is total energy storage electricity
50%;
(4) the minimum value constraint of diesel-driven generator initial start
for 50% of rated power;
(5) diesel generator runs constraint
When diesel-driven generator continuous operating time is greater than 12h, its output rating is original 90%.
Preferably, above-mentioned renewable resource maximum using: when regenerative resource electric energy is greater than load, be greater than loaded portion electric energy to be absorbed by accumulator system, when being less than load, energy storage system discharges electric energy supplement lack, energy storage system discharges system also cannot electric energy supplement disappearance time, adopt other distributed power sources to carry out bidding power transmission, preferentially exert oneself from generating price mode from small to large and power, other distributed power sources described are fuel cell, diesel-driven generator and bulk power grid.
Preferably, above-mentioned genetic algorithm adopts group size to be M=100, crossover probability Pc=70%, mutation probability Pm=4%, optimal save strategy number is chosen for 10, and maximum iteration time is N=1000, described particle cluster algorithm group size is M=40, maximal rate Vmax=10, Studying factors c1=c2=2, maximum iteration time 3000 times.
An appraisal procedure for the optimization planning of micro-capacitance sensor power supply, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) set up evaluate parameter, described evaluate parameter is the fuel battery power that obtains in the Method for optimized planning step (4) of a kind of micro-capacitance sensor power supply according to claim 1 and diesel generation acc power sum accounts for the ratio of all powers, gross investment accounts for and all carries out the expense of power supply station's need, energy storage time shift electricity power supply capacity abundant intensity and diesel oil Electrical Discharge Machine longest run time by bulk power grid;
(2) by assessing evaluate parameter, be about to that the fuel battery power that obtains and diesel generation acc power sum account for that the ratio of all powers is maximum, gross investment accounts for and all undertaken by bulk power grid that the expense of power supply station's need is minimum, energy storage time shift electricity power supply capacity abundant intensity is maximum and the diesel oil Electrical Discharge Machine longest run time is assessed, and chooses the allocation optimum scheme of distributed power source.
The present invention can adopt genetic algorithm or particle cluster algorithm to solve, and use the calculation process of genetic algorithm as shown in Figure 1, the calculation process of particle cluster algorithm as shown in Figure 2.
The appraisal procedure of the micro-capacitance sensor electricity optimization programme that the present invention sets up, evaluation index used is specific as follows:
1) accounting of stabilized power source:
Fuel cell and diesel engine account for the ratio of all power supplys, and the safe and stable operation of this index to electrical network has very important meaning, when micro-capacitance sensor by grid-connected turn isolated island time, stabilized power source can provide the support of voltage and frequency, to ensure the normal operation of isolated island;
2) gross investment
Effectively can embody the economic benefit that micro-capacitance sensor has himself;
3) the time shift electricity of energy storage
Adding of energy storage device can provide meritorious support fast, strengthen power grid frequency modulation ability, effectively can solve the randomness of wind energy and sun power and the problem of undulatory property, increase substantially the ability that electrical network receives new forms of energy, micro-capacitance sensor also can be made to utilize wind energy and sun power better simultaneously;
4) power supply capacity abundant intensity
Power supply capacity abundant intensity is the ratio that the total and load difference of each distributed power source electricity of t occupies load, abundant level embodies the security of micro-capacitance sensor, abundant level is higher, margin capacity is larger, the ability of resisting nature disaster or fault is stronger, abundant level is lower, and margin capacity is less, and the ability of resisting nature disaster or fault is more weak;
5) the diesel-driven generator longest run time
Mainly consider in the programme that intermittent distributed power source accounting is larger, when wind speed, intensity of illumination are less, need diesel-driven generator long-time running, and diesel-driven generator continuous operating time long after, its output power will reduce.
Embodiment 2: the part throttle characteristics according to a certain region: average load is 114kW, minimum load is 35kW, and peak load is 224kW.Objective function comprises the initial outlay of micro battery, operational and administrative expenses, to the power purchase expense of power distribution network, residual value, fuel cost, environmental benefit and interruptible load expense, use genetic algorithm and population to calculate respectively and solve, analog simulation was carried out in 1 year 8760 hours for this region, genetic algorithm parameter is chosen as follows herein: group size is M=100, crossover probability Pc=70%, mutation probability Pm=4%, optimal save strategy number is chosen for 10, and maximum iteration time is chosen for N=1000.Particle cluster algorithm parameter choose is as follows: group size is M=40, maximal rate Vmax=10, Studying factors c1=c2=2, maximum iteration time 3000 times, run repeatedly the solving result of genetic algorithm as shown in Figure 3, under VC++ environment, carry out analog simulation, emulate 141 times altogether, its distribution of results as shown in Figure 3, its most of result is between 160-180 ten thousand yuan, be greater than 1,800,000 yuan have 3 times, have 1 time between 150-160 ten thousand yuan, following table 1 just lists has write preferably 5 kinds of schemes.
Table 1 genetic algorithm result of calculation
As seen from the above table, scheme 4 is optimal case, and micro battery optimization planning result is wind-power electricity generation 180kW, photovoltaic 67kW, fuel cell 50kW, diesel engine 49kW, energy storage 270kWh, total objective function result of calculation is 163.7936 ten thousand yuan, and wherein the planned capacity of wind-power electricity generation is larger.
The result running repeatedly particle cluster algorithm is illustrated in fig. 4 shown below, analog simulation is carried out under VC++ environment, emulate 150 times altogether, its distribution of results as shown above, its most of result is between 160-180 ten thousand yuan, be greater than 1,800,000 yuan have 12 times, that does not restrain has 3 times, just lists and write preferably 5 kinds of schemes shown in table 2.
Table 2 particle cluster algorithm result of calculation
As seen from the above table, scheme six is optimal case, and micro battery optimization planning result is wind-power electricity generation 191kW, photovoltaic 62kW, fuel cell 51kW, diesel engine 47kW, energy storage 280kWh, total objective function result of calculation is 1661804 yuan, and wherein the planned capacity of wind-power electricity generation is larger.
Planning application to above two class algorithms: genetic algorithm: coded system is more, speed of convergence is slow, and the impact of initial population is smaller, and genetic algorithm is not easy to cross the border; Particle cluster algorithm: speed of convergence than very fast, but is easily absorbed in local optimum, and the impact of initial population is larger, and particle cluster algorithm easily crosses the border, coding easily, does not have crossover and mutation to operate, the efficiency of looking for optimum solution is higher, but the impact of parameter is comparatively large, as shown in table 3.
The comparison of table 3 two kinds of algorithms
Can find out in this example particle swarm optimization algorithm than genetic algorithm more rapid convergence in optimum solution, but the stability of genetic algorithm is better than particle cluster algorithm.
The analysis of planning recruitment evaluation:
1) accounting of stabilized power source:
The accounting of table 4 stabilized power source
As can be seen from upper table 4, the accounting of the scheme 10 of particle cluster algorithm is maximum, this illustrate scheme time micro-capacitance sensor by grid-connected transfer islet operation to time, the stable operation of electrical network can be ensured;
2) gross investment
As shown in Figure 5, through calculating, if all loads in this region are all powered by bulk power grid, then investing total expenses is 1964888 yuan, 10 kinds of optimum schemes are all less than the expense all needed by bulk power grid power supply station, and this explanation micro-capacitance sensor has himself economic benefit, and the development prospect of micro-capacitance sensor is extremely considerable, wherein the gross investment of scheme 4 ~ 7 is minimum, and economy is optimum;
3) the time shift electricity of energy storage
As shown in table 5, know that the scheme 1 energy storage time shift electricity of genetic algorithm is maximum by result of calculation, show that energy storage has played more effective effect in micro-capacitance sensor runs, energy storage can level and smooth the exerting oneself of aerogenerator and photovoltaic, improve electrical network to the digestion capability of green energy resource, strengthen system stability;
The time shift electricity of table 5 energy storage
4) power supply capacity abundant intensity
Known according to Fig. 6, under synchronizing mode, the Energy adequacy of scheme 1 is maximum, under isolated island mode, the Energy adequacy of scheme 3 is maximum, and the abundant level of power supply is higher, margin capacity is larger, is more conducive to systematic failures and the disaster of resisting burst, and the strong property of electrical network is better;
5) the diesel-driven generator longest run time
The table 6 diesel-driven generator longest run time
Analysis is shown, and the diesel-driven generator longest run time that can obtain scheme 1,2,5,8 is longer.This is because the blower fan of these schemes, photovoltaic accounting are larger, when lacking natural resources, need diesel-driven generator long-play, this is unfavorable for the raising of diesel engine utilization ratio, also the life-span of diesel engine is easily shortened, therefore, consider that the operation constraint of diesel-driven generator is necessary in the design, this is also the place that many scholars omit.
To sum up, set up planning appraisal index, analyze programme from different perspectives good and bad, the decision-making for program results is very important.Such as: when decision maker wishes that programme security, stability are better, can preferred version 1,3,10; If focus on the economy of investment, can selection scheme 4; If wish, energy storage plays larger effect in systems in which, can selection scheme 1; When paying close attention to service efficiency and the life-span of diesel-driven generator, then unsuitable selection scheme 1,2,5,8.
Claims (8)
1. a Method for optimized planning for micro-capacitance sensor power supply, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) set up the method optimizing mathematics for programming model that is incorporated into the power networks, the objective function of mathematical model is as follows:
Wherein,
for the initial outlay expense of each distributed power source,
for the kind of distributed power source,
for rate of discount,
for distributed power source tenure of use;
for the operational and administrative expenses of each distributed power source,
hour,
be
plant the operational and administrative expenses (unit/kWh) of distributed power source specific power,
be
plant distributed electrical source power;
for micro-capacitance sensor is from the power purchase expense of outside power distribution network,
for power purchase price (unit),
for power purchase electricity (kWh);
for the residual value of each distributed power source;
for the fuel cost of fuel cell and diesel-driven generator,
be
plant the fuel cost of fuel cell or diesel-driven generator specific power,
be
plant fuel cell or diesel generation acc power,
for the kind of fuel cell and diesel-driven generator;
for the charges for disposing pollutants use of each distributed power source,
for processing
plant the expense of pollutant,
be
plant the pollutant discharge amount of distributed power source;
for the interruption cost of user; Wherein,
for the load that user is interrupted,
for interruption cost;
(2) by the mathematical model in step (1), allow regenerative resource generation maximum using, the capacity of grid-connected constraint condition to wind-power electricity generation, photovoltaic, fuel cell, diesel-driven generator and energy storage is adopted to be optimized planning, ensure 100% power supply of micro-capacitance sensor internal load, obtain the allocation optimum scheme of each distributed power source, the i.e. allocation optimum of wind-powered electricity generation, photovoltaic, fuel cell, diesel-driven generator and energy storage, described grid-connected constraint condition comprises the minimum value constraint of diesel-driven generator initial start and runs constraint;
(3) set up decoupled mode optimization planning mathematical model, the objective function of mathematical model is as follows:
Wherein,
for the interruption cost of user,
for Custom interruption cost expense,
for the investment of energy storage,
for user's power failure amount,
for the reimbursement for expenses of interruptible load;
(4) be optimized by isolated island constraint condition by the objective function of the described mathematical model in step (3), acquisition objective function is minimum, obtain the further final optimal configuration of energy storage, obtain final optimal allocation plan that is grid-connected and each distributed power source under decoupled mode.
2. the Method for optimized planning of a kind of micro-capacitance sensor power supply according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described grid-connected constraint condition is:
(1) power-balance constraint
Wherein,
be respectively
the output power of moment photovoltaic generation, wind-power electricity generation, diesel-driven generator, fuel cell, energy storage and electrical network,
for power efficiency factor,
for
the load in moment,
for
the network loss in moment;
(2) each distributed electrical source power bound constraint
get 0,
for the rated power of each distributed power source;
(3) energy storage discharge and recharge constraint
When
the capacity of moment energy storage
when being greater than depth of discharge, energy storage is discharged, and when being less than depth of discharge, energy storage is not discharged, and described depth of discharge is total energy storage electricity
50%;
(4) mutual between micro-capacitance sensor and power distribution network max cap. constraint
micro-capacitance sensor and power distribution network interconnection actual transmission power,
the maximal value that micro-capacitance sensor and power distribution network interconnection actual transmission power allow;
(5) the minimum value constraint of diesel-driven generator initial start
for 50% of rated power;
(6) diesel generator runs constraint
When diesel-driven generator continuous operating time is greater than 12h, its output rating is original 90%.
3. the Method for optimized planning of a kind of micro-capacitance sensor power supply according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described isolated island constraint condition is:
(1) power-balance constraint
Wherein,
be respectively
the output power of moment photovoltaic generation, wind-power electricity generation, diesel-driven generator, fuel cell, energy storage and electrical network,
for power efficiency factor,
for
the load in moment,
for
the network loss in moment;
(2) each distributed electrical source power bound constraint
get 0,
for the rated power of each distributed power source;
(3) energy storage discharge and recharge constraint
When
the capacity of moment energy storage
when being greater than depth of discharge, energy storage is discharged, and when being less than depth of discharge, energy storage is not discharged, and described depth of discharge is total energy storage electricity
50%;
(4) the minimum value constraint of diesel-driven generator initial start
for 50% of rated power;
(5) diesel generator runs constraint
When diesel-driven generator continuous operating time is greater than 12h, its output rating is original 90%.
4. the Method for optimized planning of a kind of micro-capacitance sensor power supply according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described renewable resource maximum using: when regenerative resource electric energy is greater than load, be greater than loaded portion electric energy to be absorbed by accumulator system, when being less than load, energy storage system discharges electric energy supplement lacks, energy storage system discharges system also cannot electric energy supplement disappearance time, other distributed power sources are adopted to carry out bidding power transmission, preferentially exert oneself from generating price mode from small to large and power, other distributed power sources described are fuel cell, diesel-driven generator and bulk power grid.
5. the Method for optimized planning of a kind of micro-capacitance sensor power supply according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: excise the load of load important factor lower than setting value under described decoupled mode, described load important factor is the economic benefit that user power utilization can be brought.
6. the Method for optimized planning of a kind of micro-capacitance sensor power supply according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Method for optimized planning adopts genetic algorithm or particle cluster algorithm to realize.
7. the Method for optimized planning of a kind of micro-capacitance sensor power supply according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described genetic algorithm adopts group size to be M=100, crossover probability Pc=70%, mutation probability Pm=4%, optimal save strategy number is chosen for 10, and maximum iteration time is N=1000, described particle cluster algorithm group size is M=40, maximal rate Vmax=10, Studying factors c1=c2=2, maximum iteration time 3000 times.
8. an appraisal procedure for the optimization planning of micro-capacitance sensor power supply, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) set up evaluate parameter, described evaluate parameter is the fuel battery power that obtains in the Method for optimized planning step (4) of a kind of micro-capacitance sensor power supply according to claim 1 and diesel generation acc power sum accounts for the ratio of all powers, gross investment accounts for and all carries out the expense of power supply station's need, energy storage time shift electricity power supply capacity abundant intensity and diesel oil Electrical Discharge Machine longest run time by bulk power grid;
(2) by assessing evaluate parameter, be about to that the fuel battery power that obtains and diesel generation acc power sum account for that the ratio of all powers is maximum, gross investment accounts for and all undertaken by bulk power grid that the expense of power supply station's need is minimum, energy storage time shift electricity power supply capacity abundant intensity is maximum and the diesel oil Electrical Discharge Machine longest run time is assessed, and chooses the allocation optimum scheme of distributed power source.
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