CN104881677B - Method is determined for the optimum segmentation yardstick of remote sensing image ground mulching classification - Google Patents

Method is determined for the optimum segmentation yardstick of remote sensing image ground mulching classification Download PDF

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CN104881677B
CN104881677B CN201510232524.8A CN201510232524A CN104881677B CN 104881677 B CN104881677 B CN 104881677B CN 201510232524 A CN201510232524 A CN 201510232524A CN 104881677 B CN104881677 B CN 104881677B
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segmentation
yardstick
classification
image
remote sensing
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CN104881677A (en
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陈学泓
杨德地
曹鑫
陈晋
崔喜红
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Beijing Normal University
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Abstract

The invention provides a kind of optimum segmentation yardstick for the classification of remote sensing image ground mulching to determine method.Methods described includes the multi-scale division and classification, the choice of optimal scale step based on entropy information of remote sensing image.This method is based on pixel and two kinds of sorting techniques of object-oriented by fusion, and makes full use of sample information to carry out classification of remote-sensing images.This method effectively overcomes the problem of traditional pixel-oriented method produces a large amount of ' pepper salt ' noises, while realizes automatically selecting for object optimal scale, and a kind of effective method is provided for the drawing of ground mulching.

Description

Method is determined for the optimum segmentation yardstick of remote sensing image ground mulching classification
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing method of remote sensing image, especially for the optimum segmentation of remote sensing image ground mulching classification Yardstick determines method, belongs to image processing field.
Background technology
The synthesis for all key elements of earth's surface that land cover pattern refers to nature Inaedificatio and artificial structure is covered, including earth's surface are planted Quilt, soil, lake, Marsh Wetland and various buildings (such as road, house).Land cover pattern is the important of global environmental change Forcing factors, the concern of more and more researchers was received in the last few years.
With the development of remote sensing science and technology, the resolution ratio more and more higher of remote sensing image, this is a variety of space scale Shangdis The drawing of table covering provides feasibility.The classification of remote sensing image is the important step in ground mulching drawing, determines earth's surface Cover the quality of drawing.At present, the method for carrying out classification of remote-sensing images is broadly divided into two major classes:(1) method of pixel-oriented, (2) Object--oriented method.
Pixel is the elementary cell of remote sensing image, and the classification that remote sensing image is carried out using the statistical information of pixel is most simple Clean, effective method.However, in the remote sensing image of middle and high yardstick, floor area is smaller corresponding to single pixel.Therefore by The influence of ground complexity, substantial amounts of ' pepper salt ' noise can be produced by carrying out classification of remote-sensing images using the method based on pixel. This greatly reduces the precision of classification of remote-sensing images.
In order to overcome based on ' pepper salt ' noise caused by the method for pixel, a kind of combination atural object texture and spatial information Sorting technique is quietly risen --- the classification of object-oriented.Different from the method based on pixel, Object--oriented method first will The standalone object that Remote Sensing Image Segmentation is spectrum homogeneous, space is continuous, then carries out classification processing by object.Can so have Removal ' pepper salt ' noise of effect, improve nicety of grading.However, the size for the object that Image Segmentation obtains depends on point of image Cut scale parameter.Larger segmentation yardstick can cause atural object by low segmentation, on the contrary, less segmentation yardstick can cause atural object by mistake Segmentation.Obviously turn out, the over-segmentation of image and it is low split can all cause the reduction of nicety of grading, referring to Liu D, Xia F.Assessing object-based classification:advantages and limitations[J].Remote Sensing Letters,2010,1(4):187-194..Unfortunately, the determination of optimal scale is generally required to different points Cut yardstick to be tested, and judge optimum segmentation yardstick by experience.This not only needs to expend substantial amounts of manpower, and is difficult to protect Demonstrate,prove the accuracy of the optimal scale obtained.
In the last few years, numerous researchers were devoted to the select permeability for solving Image Segmentation optimal scale.Lucian Drǎ The it is proposeds such as gut (2009) automatically determine the optimum segmentation yardstick of image using local variance, referring toL,Tiede D, Levick S R.ESP:a tool to estimate scale parameter formultiresolution image segmentation of remotely sensed data[J].InternationalJournal of Geographical Information Science,2010,24(6):859-871. this method for object all on image using it is same most Excellent yardstick.But in most cases, the object size in a width image is different, by same segmentation scale dimension applications in different big Small object is split clearly irrational.In addition, T.Esch (2008) etc., which proposes one kind, automatically determines different objects The method of respective optimum segmentation yardstick, referring to Esch T, Thiel M, Bock M, et al.Improvement of image segmentation accuracy based on multiscale optimization procedure[J] .Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,IEEE,2008,5(3):463-467. still substantial amounts of parameter It is used for the determination of optimal scale, this causes whole algorithm to become suitable complexity.Meanwhile for different application purposes and Speech, even if there is also different optimum segmentation yardsticks with piece image.For example needed when the object that house is extracted as needs Want a relatively large yardstick, but when using automobile as needing a relatively small yardstick when needing extracting object.Cause This, there is an urgent need to a kind of method that can automatically determine different object optimum segmentation yardsticks in image for we.
The content of the invention
For this, the invention provides the optimum segmentation yardstick classified for remote sensing image ground mulching to determine method, this method The problem of being formerly mentioned can be reduced or avoided.
To solve the above problems, the optimum segmentation yardstick provided by the invention for the classification of remote sensing image ground mulching determines Method, it comprises the following steps:
Step A, the multi-scale division of remote sensing image and classification;
The segmentation software that the step utilization can generate multi-scale division result obtains multiple dimensioned segmentation result, and merges The sample information of Pixel-level calculates the averaged spectrum of each imaged object after segmentation, and averaged spectrum is classified, and obtains not With the classification results and posterior probability vector of each object under segmentation yardstick;
Step B, the choice of optimal scale based on entropy information;
The multiple dimensioned posterior probability vector that the step obtains according to step A, each object is incremented by by segmentation yardstick Order calculate the entropy of posterior probability respectively, the calculation formula of entropy is as follows:
Wherein PiRepresent that object belongs to the probability of the i-th class, n represents classification number, selects the minimum segmentation yardstick of entropy to make For the optimum segmentation yardstick of the object, and the classification results of object under optimum segmentation yardstick are made as the final classification of object.
Further, the concrete methods of realizing of the step A is:
Carry out the segmentation of multiple yardsticks to remote sensing image first, the selection of multi-split yardstick is according to the DN values of image or reflects The scope of rate determined, during segmentation, form factor and degree of the compacting factor are set according to characteristics of image;
Secondly, rule set is created in segmentation software according to the segmentation range scale of selection, and according to yardstick from big to small Or order from small to large is split step by step;
Then, the object of multi-scale division result is formed into numbering file, exports as Raster Images successively, in Raster Images Value corresponding to each pixel is exactly the numbering of place object;
Subsequently, according to the numbering file of object after the Image Segmentation of acquisition, and original multiband image, count respectively The averaged spectrum of each object under each segmentation yardstick is calculated, obtains multiple dimensioned average spectral data;
Finally, training sample is chosen from original multiband image to be averaged to the object under different scale obtained above Spectrum image is classified respectively, and the requirement of the training sample of selection is typical, randomness;
While classification, the posterior probability vector of the object under multiple yardsticks is obtained, on a certain segmentation yardstick For one object, its posterior probability vector represents as follows:
P=(P1, P2..., Pi..., Pn)
Wherein PiRepresent that object belongs to the probability of the i-th class, n represents classification number.
Wherein preferably, the form factor is arranged to 0.2, degree of the compacting factor is arranged to 0.5.
Wherein preferably, the selection of segmentation yardstick, is the increase according to yardstick, the principle that yardstick interval also increases therewith is entered OK.
The inventive method is based on two methods of pixel and object-oriented by fusion, and it is distant to make full use of sample information to carry out Feel image classification.This method effectively overcomes the problem of traditional pixel-oriented method produces a large amount of ' pepper salt ' noises, simultaneously Automatically selecting for object optimal scale is realized, a kind of effective method is provided for the drawing of ground mulching.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will illustrate in the following description, also, partial become from specification Obtain it is clear that or being understood by implementing the present invention.The purpose of the present invention and other advantages can be by the explanations write Specifically noted structure is realized and obtained in book, claims and accompanying drawing.
Brief description of the drawings
The following drawings is only intended to, in doing schematic illustration and explanation to the present invention, not delimit the scope of the invention.Wherein,
Fig. 1 is the optimum segmentation chi classified for remote sensing image ground mulching according to the specific embodiment of the present invention Spend the schematic flow sheet of selection algorithm;
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of method provided by the invention;
Fig. 3 is to determine that method is entered according to the optimum segmentation yardstick provided by the invention classified for remote sensing image ground mulching Row classification, and the totality using the result for being classified to obtain based on pixels approach, different segmentation yardstick object-oriented methods Precision statisticses figure;
Fig. 4 is to determine that method is entered according to the optimum segmentation yardstick provided by the invention classified for remote sensing image ground mulching Row classification, and the result for being classified to obtain using the method based on pixel, optimal single scale Object--oriented method are total Body precision changes statistical chart with sample size.
Embodiment
In order to which technical characteristic, purpose and the effect of the present invention is more clearly understood, now illustrate that the present invention's is specific Embodiment.But it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that following examples are not to the unique of technical solution of the present invention work Limit, every any equivalents done under technical solution of the present invention Spirit Essence or change, be regarded as belonging to this hair Bright protection domain.
Fig. 1 is the optimum segmentation chi classified for remote sensing image ground mulching according to the specific embodiment of the present invention Spend the schematic flow sheet of determination method;Shown in reference picture 1, the following detailed description of according to provided by the invention for remote sensing image The optimum segmentation yardstick of table cover classification determines the principle of method, and methods described includes following two big steps:
Step A, the multi-scale division of remote sensing image and classification;
Step B, the choice of optimal scale based on entropy information.
For remote sensing image, before processing procedure of the present invention is carried out, it is necessary first to Atmospheric Correction is carried out to image, Remove atmospheric effect.For Hyperspectral imaging, in order to reduce amount of calculation, it is proposed that first with principal component point Analyse (PCA) and dimension-reduction treatment is carried out to Hyperspectral imaging.Principal component analysis (PCA) is known method.
Step A and step B are discussed in detail separately below:
Step A, remote sensing image multiple dimensioned segmentation and classification
The present invention has been merged based on two methods of pixel and object-oriented, for Object--oriented method, is needed first Dividing processing is carried out to remote sensing image.Therefore, the present embodiment is entered to remote sensing image first using the softwares of eCognition 8.9 The segmentation of the multiple yardsticks of row, actually eCognition all versions can, if other partitioning algorithm softwares can give birth to Into the segmentation result of multiple yardsticks, this method is equally applicable to.Empirically determined, during segmentation, form factor is arranged to 0.2, compacts It is preferable that the degree factor is arranged to 0.5.The selection of multi-stage division yardstick can be according to the DN values of image or the scope determination of reflectivity, this Example selection multi-stage division yardstick be 100,120,140,160,180,200,240,280,320,360,400,460,520, 580th, 640,700,780,860,940,1020,1100 these.It can be seen that yardstick interval increases with the increase of yardstick Greatly, because with the increase of yardstick, the area of object constantly increases, and the heterogeneous sex differernce between object is also increasing, less Yardstick interval will not change segmentation result substantially, therefore this example have selected the segmentation interval scale constantly increased.
Secondly, MRS is utilized in the softwares of eCognition 8.9 according to the segmentation range scale of selection (multiresolution segmentation) algorithm creates rule set, and (establishment of rule set is the base of eCognition softwares This function, refers specifically to the setting of different partitioning parameters (form factor, degree of the compacting factor), and according to yardstick from big to small or from Small order is arrived greatly step by step to split.
Then, the object of multi-scale division result is formed into numbering file, exports as Raster Images, therefore grid shadow successively The numbering of object where value corresponding to each pixel is exactly as in.Formed numbering file process be eCognition softwares in itself Function, and known method.
Subsequently, according to the numbering file of object after the Image Segmentation of above-mentioned steps acquisition, and original multiband shadow Picture, the averaged spectrum of each object under each segmentation yardstick is calculated respectively, obtains multiple dimensioned average spectral data.Average light The calculating of spectrum is exactly that the spectrum of all pixels inside object is averaged, and this is known process.
Finally, training sample is chosen from original multiband image to be averaged to the object under different scale obtained above Spectrum image is classified respectively.The selection of training sample require the sample of selection be typical, randomness can.Train sample This selection all exists in all supervised classifications, and a known process.
Maximum likelihood classifier (SVM) or support vector machine classifier (MLC) may be used to above-mentioned assorting process.It is right In Hyperspectral imaging, it is proposed that using SVM classifier, preferably differentiated because SVM classifier has to high-spectral data Ability;For the intermediate-resolution image such as Landsat, it is proposed that using MLC graders, because MLC has classification faster Speed, be advantageous to improve whole efficiency.
In the posterior probability vector that can obtain object simultaneously classified using above-mentioned grader, (object is for difference The ownership probability of class categories).For an object of a certain segmentation scale layer, its posterior probability vector can represent such as Under:
P=(P1, P2..., Pi..., Pn)
Wherein PiRepresent that object belongs to the probability of the i-th class, n represents classification number.To all objects of different segmentation yardsticks Above-mentioned sorting technique is used respectively, you can obtains multiple dimensioned classification results and multiple dimensioned posterior probability vector.
Step B, the choice of optimal scale based on entropy information
It can be obtained according to the posterior probability vector that flow described in step A is tried to achieve:(split yardstick when object is in over-segmentation When smaller), the pixel included in object is less, is influenceed by ' pepper salt ' noise in object, and object is not true in classification Qualitative increase.When object is in low segmentation (when segmentation yardstick is larger), the pixel included in object is more.Although ' pepper Salt ' influence that brings of noise can be ignored, but inside object the mixing of different atural objects equally increase object classify it is not true It is qualitative.
Based on above thought, the present invention proposes by the use of entropy information and is used as the standard for weighing object classification inaccuracy.Root The multilayer posterior probability tried to achieve according to step A, ask for the entropy of object posterior probability vector respectively on different segmentation yardsticks.Entropy Calculation formula is with reference to as follows:
Wherein PiRepresent that object belongs to the probability of the i-th class, n represents classification number.When object is in over-segmentation state, The uncertain increase that can cause entropy of classification caused by ' pepper salt ' noise;Equally, when object is in low segmentation, a variety of atural objects Mixing caused by the uncertain increase for also resulting in entropy of classification.Its rule is as shown in Figure 2.It can thus be concluded that:When object When the posterior probability vector of a certain segmentation yardstick has minimum entropy, its stability of classifying is highest.Therefore selection entropy Optimum segmentation yardstick of the minimum segmentation yardstick as object where the pixel.Made simultaneously with the object classification results under the yardstick For the final classification result of object.As described above, above procedure is implemented to all objects, you can obtain the most optimal sorting of all objects Cut yardstick and final classification results.
In order to better illustrate the technique effect of the present invention, for a panel height spectrum image, proposition of the present invention is utilized respectively The optimum segmentation yardstick for the classification of remote sensing image ground mulching determine method and single based on pixels approach and optimal Single scale object-oriented method has carried out the classification of image, and then sorted result is compared.All assorting processes are adopted Completed with SVM classifier, precision highest chi in the classification results of the multiple yardsticks of object oriented classification selection of optimal single scale Degree.The classification based training sample and the classification based training sample of method provided by the invention that above-mentioned control methods is selected are completely the same.Together When, in order to verify the stability of this method, the present invention has carried out test of many times under different sample sizes.Population sample size with 1000 increase to 10000 pixels for interval from 1000 pixels.Ten experiments are carried out to each sample size simultaneously, every time experiment Sample from reference to randomly selecting in classification chart.It is first before the processing of method provided by the invention is carried out to reduce amount of calculation First with Principal Component Analysis Algorithm (PCA) by image dimension-reduction treatment, and 8 wave bands are used for method provided by the invention before extraction Processing procedure.
Compared to the method based on pixel, it is directed to what remote sensing image ground mulching was classified by using according to provided by the invention Optimum segmentation scale selection method carries out the result that the classification of remote sensing image obtains, and effectively eliminates ' pepper salt ' noise and brings Error in classification;Compared with the classification results of optimal single scale object-oriented, method provided by the invention, it can extract more Detailed information, improve the precision of classification.
Fig. 3 is to determine that method is entered using the optimum segmentation yardstick provided by the invention for the classification of remote sensing image ground mulching Row classification is classified with the method based on pixel, and is classified what is obtained to Hyperspectral imaging using different segmentation yardsticks The statistical chart of classification overall accuracy, it can be seen that method provided by the invention, compared to the method and list of pixel-oriented Yardstick object oriented classification all has higher precision.
Fig. 4 is to determine that method is entered using the optimum segmentation yardstick provided by the invention for the classification of remote sensing image ground mulching The experiment of the different sample sizes of row, from the experiment using the method based on pixel and the different sample sizes of optimal single scale method progress Obtained overall classification accuracy statistical chart.From fig. 4, it can be seen that compared with the method based on pixel, the method for this research offer It is overall all higher than the method based on pixel under conditions of different sample sizes;Compared with optimal single scale, it is less than in sample size In the case of 4000, method overall accuracy proposed by the present invention is slightly below the method for optimal single scale, but when sample size is more than When 4000, the method overall accuracy originally researched and proposed is higher than optimal single scale method.This explanation, in the condition of sample size deficiency Under, the method robustness of offer of the invention reduces;Under conditions of sample size abundance, the method originally researched and proposed is to carry out shadow As the effective ways of classification.
It can be seen that by above-mentioned figure example, according to the optimum segmentation provided by the invention classified for remote sensing image ground mulching Yardstick determines effectively carry out the classification of remote sensing image.It is provided by the present invention to be directed to what remote sensing image ground mulching was classified Optimum segmentation yardstick determines that method has been effectively combined based on pixel and two kinds of sorting techniques of object-oriented, effectively overcomes face The problem of a large amount of ' pepper salt ' noises being produced to pixel, while realize the automatic selection of object optimal scale.For ground mulching system Figure provides a kind of effective method.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that although the present invention is described in the way of multiple embodiments, together The Shi Jinhang across comparisons of several method, but not each embodiment only includes an independent technical scheme.Specification In so narration just for the sake of for the sake of clear, the skilled in the art should refer to the specification as a whole is understood, And it technical scheme involved in each embodiment is regarded as can be mutually combined into the modes of different embodiments to understand this hair Bright protection domain.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of optimum segmentation yardstick for the classification of remote sensing image ground mulching determines method, it is characterised in that methods described Comprise the following steps:
Step A, the multi-scale division of remote sensing image and classification;
The segmentation software that the step utilization can generate multi-scale division result obtains multiple dimensioned segmentation result, and merges pixel The sample information of level calculates the averaged spectrum of each imaged object after segmentation, and averaged spectrum is classified, and obtains different points Cut the classification results and posterior probability vector of each object under yardstick;
Step B, the choice of optimal scale based on entropy information;
The multiple dimensioned posterior probability vector that the step obtains according to step A, to each object by incremental suitable of segmentation yardstick Sequence calculates the entropy of posterior probability respectively, and the calculation formula of entropy is as follows:
<mrow> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
Wherein PiRepresent that object belongs to the probability of the i-th class, n represents classification number, selects the minimum segmentation yardstick of entropy right as this The optimum segmentation yardstick of elephant, and the classification results of object under optimum segmentation yardstick are made as the final classification of object;
Wherein, for an object on a certain segmentation yardstick, its posterior probability vector represents as follows:
P=(P1, P2..., Pi..., Pn)
Wherein PiRepresent that object belongs to the probability of the i-th class, n represents classification number.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the concrete methods of realizing of the step A is:
Carry out the segmentation of multiple yardsticks to remote sensing image first, the selection of multi-split yardstick is according to the DN values of image or reflectivity Scope is determined, during segmentation, form factor and degree of the compacting factor are set according to characteristics of image;
Secondly, rule set is created in segmentation software according to the segmentation range scale of selection, and according to yardstick from big to small or from It is small to split step by step to big order;
Then, the object of multi-scale division result is formed into numbering file, exports as Raster Images successively, in Raster Images each The numbering of object where value is exactly corresponding to pixel;
Subsequently, according to the numbering file of object after the Image Segmentation of acquisition, and original multiband image, calculate respectively every The averaged spectrum of each object, obtains multiple dimensioned average spectral data under one segmentation yardstick;
Finally, training sample is chosen from original multiband image to the object averaged spectrum under different scale obtained above Image is classified respectively, and the requirement of the training sample of selection is typical, randomness;
While classification, the posterior probability vector of the object under multiple yardsticks is obtained, for one on a certain segmentation yardstick For object, its posterior probability vector represents as follows:
P=(P1, P2..., Pi..., Pn)
Wherein PiRepresent that object belongs to the probability of the i-th class, n represents classification number.
3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterised in that the form factor is arranged to 0.2, and degree of the compacting factor is set For 0.5.
4. according to the method described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that split the selection of yardstick, according to the increase of yardstick, The principle that yardstick interval also increases therewith is carried out.
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