CN104880765A - Double-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal optical fiber - Google Patents
Double-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN104880765A CN104880765A CN201510362992.7A CN201510362992A CN104880765A CN 104880765 A CN104880765 A CN 104880765A CN 201510362992 A CN201510362992 A CN 201510362992A CN 104880765 A CN104880765 A CN 104880765A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
- G02B6/02338—Structured core, e.g. core contains more than one material, non-constant refractive index distribution in core, asymmetric or non-circular elements in core unit, multiple cores, insertions between core and clad
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/024—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with polarisation maintaining properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/105—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type having optical polarisation effects
Abstract
The invention discloses a double-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal optical fiber. A quartz base material with a diameter of 125 [mu]m is provided with medium holes periodically arranged in the radial two-dimensional direction. The medium holes form a hexagon medium hole array. The diameter of each medium hole is d1. Each interval among the medium holes is 5.23-5.83 [mu]m. Two nonadjacent medium holes in the medium hole array are missing to form two fiber cores. The interval of the two fiber cores is 30-35 [mu]m. The diameter of two medium holes around each fiber core is changed to d2, and d2 is larger than d1, so that four big medium holes are formed. Focusing on the precision requirement and the size miniaturization requirement of an optical fiber gyro, the optical fiber sensing length is doubled under the condition of the same size, the polarization-maintaining performance is ensured, and the crosstalk problem is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the designing and making field of photonic crystal fiber, specifically a kind of twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber.
Background technology
The application of angle/motion-sensing is increasingly extensive, as mobile phone, unmanned aerial vehicle etc. widely apply gyro to realize location and control as sensor.And a kind of angular transducer that optical fibre gyro is applied as inertial navigation system, use amount rises year by year.Traditional optical fibre gyro many employings panda protecting polarized light fiber or bow-tie type polarization maintaining optical fibre.At present these sensors successful Application in fields such as aircraft, automobile, boats and ships.But along with application requires and volume small form factor requirements optical fiber gyroscope precision, the extremely urgent difficulty of of optical fibre gyro is that the performance of polarization-maintaining fiber coil is more and more difficult to adapt to this requirement.
Photonic crystal fiber, through studying for many years, has a wide range of applications in fields such as information transmission, temperature sensing and spectroscopy.The structural design of photonic crystal fiber is also varied.
Chinese patent (application number is 201110029982.3) " a kind of double waveguide parallel polarization maintaining fiber and manufacture method thereof " describes a kind of method adopting the mode of two fibers/waveguides arranged side by side to manufacture polarization maintaining optical fibre, the method is employing two prefabricated rods arranged side by side wire drawing or wire drawings simultaneously in two fiber drawing furnaces in a fiber drawing furnace, the method be in juxtaposition by two optical fiber when applying.As shown in Figure 1, structure comprises two fibre cores 1 and respective covering 2, stressed zone 3 and internal coating 4, external coating 5 to its optical fiber structure.This design uses two panda optic fibres.Problems existing is, does not have to consider to increase the problem of sensor light path and the coupling demand of double-core photonic crystal fiber under the same volume.
Summary of the invention
The present invention requires and volume small form factor requirements from optical fiber gyroscope precision, and design and manufactured a kind of twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber, the length of Fibre Optical Sensor is doubled by this optical fiber in same volume.
The present invention proposes this twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber, at external diameter be the quartz substrate of 125um radial two-dimensional directional on be furnished with the medium holes of periodic arrangement, described medium holes forms hexagon medium holes array, and the diameter of each medium holes is d1; The spacing Λ of medium holes is 5.23 ~ 5.83um, lack two non-conterminous medium holes in described medium holes array thus form two fibre cores, the spacing of two fibre cores is 30 ~ 35um, the diameter of two medium holes is had to change d2 at described each fiber core, and d2 > d1, thus form four large medium holes.
Described medium holes is airport, described in be looped around the medium holes of fiber core the number of plies be 6 ~ 7 layers.
The scope of described d1 is 2.5 ~ 3.0um, and the scope of described d2 is 6.5 ~ 8.5um.
One end of described double-core photonic crystal fiber is single chip bending waveguide, and the two ends of described curved waveguide be arranged in parallel, and its radial spacing is 30 ~ 35um, is coupled respectively with two fibre cores.
One end of described double-core photonic crystal fiber is Y waveguide, and the radial spacing of the two-arm of described Y waveguide is 30 ~ 35um, is coupled respectively with two fibre cores.
One end of described double-core photonic crystal fiber is twin-core coupling mechanism, described twin-core coupling mechanism comprises two single-core fibers, one end of two single-core fibers be arranged in parallel, its side all rubbing down, diameter reduction makes the fiber core distance of two single-core fibers be 30 ~ 35um, is coupled respectively with two fibre cores of double-core photonic crystal fiber; The other end of two single-core fibers is free end.
The far field mould spot of described two fibre cores is oval, comprises major axis and minor axis, and the length of major axis and minor axis is than being 1.2:1 ~ 1.7:1.
The major axis of described two far field mould spots is parallel respectively with minor axis, and two major axis and two minor axises one of them point-blank.
Described four large medium holes point-blank.
The major axis of described two far field mould spots is parallel respectively with minor axis, and two major axis are not point-blank, and two minor axises are not point-blank yet.
The present invention is compared with the prior art had beneficial effect: the present invention is conceived to optical fiber gyroscope precision and requires and volume small form factor requirements, design and manufactured a kind of twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber, the length of Fibre Optical Sensor is doubled by this optical fiber in same volume, and can guarantee that protecting bias and can overcome cross-interference issue.This optical fiber and be applied in optical fibre gyro field and still belong to the first time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the xsect topological diagram of embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the far field mould spot schematic diagram of embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 is crosstalk and fiber core distance graph of relation;
Fig. 5 is crosstalk and length relation curve map;
Fig. 6 is the Y waveguide coupling schematic diagram of embodiment 1;
Fig. 7 is the twin-core coupler structure schematic diagram of embodiment 1;
Fig. 8 is the xsect topological diagram of embodiment 2;
Fig. 9 is the twin-core coupler structure schematic diagram of embodiment 2;
Figure 10 is the xsect topological diagram of embodiment 3;
Figure 11 is the twin-core coupler structure schematic diagram of embodiment 3;
Embodiment
The polarization maintaining optical fibre that tradition is applied to optical fibre gyro is all only have a fuse, and its cladding outer diameter is 80um or 125um.Under such design, the volume that its each fuse takies is comparatively large, unfavorable for optical fibre gyro miniaturization.The optical fiber of the present invention's design in the covering of 125um, places two fuses, within the volume that each like this fuse occupies has reduced to the right cylinder of 62.5um diameter.Or say same under ring body is long-pending, this optical fiber design allows the light path more grown, and can improve the precision of optical fibre gyro.
Embodiment 1
The twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber xsect topological diagram of symmetry as shown in Figure 2, the radial two-dimensional directional of quartz substrate is furnished with the airport of periodic arrangement, airport forms regular hexagon medium holes array, and the scope of the diameter d 1 of each medium holes is 2.5 ~ 3.0um.The spacing Λ of medium holes is 5.23 ~ 5.83um.X-direction in the drawings, lack two medium holes in medium holes array thus form two fibre cores, the spacing of two fibre cores is 6 Λ, within the scope of 31.4 ~ 35um.Change d2 at the diameter of two medium holes of each fibre core horizontal direction (i.e. X-direction) left and right, the diameter range of d2 is 6.5 ~ 8.5um, thus forms four large medium holes.The maximum numbers of plies being looped around the medium holes of single fiber core are 6 layers.
As shown in Figure 3, two are protected inclined fibre core is non-circular symmetric structure, and the similar ellipse of its far field mould spot, exists a major axis and a minor axis, and the length of major axis and minor axis is than being 1.2:1 ~ 1.7:1.
The center line of this fiber core and air cladding layer is completely overlapping with the center line of silica clad, as shown in Figure 2.Two major axis of this optical fiber and minor axis are all parallel constructions, specifically two minor axises of this root optical fiber viewed from Y-axis point-blank.Two major axis of this root optical fiber are 6 ∧ from X-axis deviation.
For any one twin-core fiber, this optical fiber be used, need to consider cross-interference issue.Crosstalk refers to from the signal of a fibre core transmission and has propagated into another one fibre core.In the communications field, the crosstalk between fuse can cause the increase of communication bit error rates, causes communication disruption time serious.For sensing, crosstalk will cause the detection limit of test side abnormal, and sensor can not export correct induction amount, causes faulty sensor.In the present embodiment, analog computation fiber core distance is to cross talk effects.The curve map of crosstalk as shown in Figure 4 and fiber core distance relation is seen, crosstalk is just less than-30dB when spacing is greater than 27um.Simultaneously from another one angle, crosstalk increases along with the increase of propagation distance, and therefore the analog computation distance of transmission range from 100m to 3000m is on the impact of crosstalk, as shown in Figure 5, confirm that crosstalk is because distance is from 100 meters of increases 30 times, crosstalk increase about 2dB.Therefore, consider practical application reason, the line space design of twin-core is become the scope of 30 ~ 35um, effectively can ensure that the crosstalk of twin-core fiber does not affect the practical application of optical fiber.
In addition, the polarization hold facility of twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre is the another one aspect determining fiber optic applications, for this reason, the present invention devises the optical fiber of hole diameter size d1, airport spacing ∧ and diameter macropores size d2, ensures that the cross-talk of each fuse of twin-core fiber is not more than the level of-30dB.In design, the overall diameter of optical fiber is remained 80 ~ 125um, wherein the scope of d1 is 2.5-3um, ∧ is 5.23-5.83um, d2 is 6.5-8.5um, under designing like this, the major axis of the mould spot of fibre core: the ratio of minor axis can ensure that the cross-talk of each fuse of twin-core fiber is not more than the level of-30dB 1.2 ~ 1.7 within the scope of this, meets the requirement of application.
One end of above-mentioned optical fiber can be coupled by following three kinds of modes.
(1) the curved waveguide decoupling unification end face adopting a lithium columbate crystal to make.The two ends of curved waveguide be arranged in parallel, guarantee that the radial spacing at its two ends is within 30 ~ 35um; Light injects from one of them fuse of a twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber end face, be transferred to another end face, due to the end face distance of two fiber core distances and curved waveguide and polarization just the same, the light of coupling like this transmits in the another one fibre core being looped back to another end face.Laser finally penetrates from the another one fuse of entrance face afterwards.
(2) as shown in Figure 6, adopt the Y waveguide 20 uncoupling low crosstalk twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber 21 that a lithium columbate crystal makes, two spacing arms of Y waveguide 20 are within 30-35um.When practical application, direct correspondence is coupled into the two-arm of Y waveguide by two fiber cores 22, and because the spacing range of optical fiber two fuses is 30 ~ 35um, the two-arm of the Y waveguide of corresponding design radially spacing is also 30 ~ 35um.The major and minor axis design of the two-arm of Y waveguide 20 is consistent with optical fiber 21, and aims at according to the mode of major axis to major axis.
(3) two fibre cores of the twin-core coupling mechanism uncoupling twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber adopting two polarization maintaining optical fibre side rubbing downs to make.As shown in Figure 7, the panda protecting polarized light fiber fiber core distance of two covering reductions is 30 ~ 35um.Like this, direct correspondence is coupled into stiff end two fuses of twin-core coupling mechanism by two fibre cores, and major and minor axis design is consistent with optical fiber, and aims at according to the mode of major axis to major axis that (major axis is upper and lower vertical direction, and spaced and parallel, minor axis is point-blank).The other one end of the twin-core coupling mechanism that side rubbing down makes is two independently polarization maintaining optical fibre free ends.(Fig. 7 cathetus is long axis direction)
Bow-tie type polarization maintaining optical fibre side rubbing down can certainly be adopted to produce twin-core coupling mechanism.
Embodiment 2
Twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber xsect topological diagram as shown in Figure 8, its difference from Example 1 is mainly, its fibre core and covering all non-centrosymmetry: the vertical center line of the center line (the Y-direction coordinate axis namely in figure) of the fiber core in Fig. 8 and air cladding layer and silica clad (this center line by the center of left several 6th airport, the center line for whole xsect) exists the skew of half ∧ (∧ representative be the center distance of any two adjacent vacant pores).The reason of skew is the airport covering one deck fewer than embodiment 1 in left side.
In addition, fibre core is all arranged in Y-axis.Like this, two major axis viewed from X-axis point-blank, and two major axis from deviation viewed from Y-axis 6 ∧.
Consider and needs are observed to axle, also in optical fiber silica clad, X-axis or Y-axis can place two symmetrical gauge point (not shown)s, like this can side observation and identification when carrying out optical fiber and device or optical fiber and optical fiber and operating axle.
In coupling, three kinds of coupling scheme in embodiment 1 can be adopted, just aim at the long and short axle of far field mould spot and adjust accordingly.Such as, utilize mode in the 3rd, when namely utilizing the uncoupling of twin-core coupling mechanism, as shown in Figure 9, after the rubbing down of side, major axis point-blank for the structure of two single core polarization maintaining optical fibres, 6, minor axis parallel interval ∧ (Fig. 9 cathetus is long axis direction).
Embodiment 3
Twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber xsect topological diagram as shown in Figure 10, its difference from Example 1 is mainly, and its fibre core is that X-axis and Y-axis are all asymmetrical.In Figure 10, the center line of air cladding layer and the center line of silica clad completely the same, but there is the skew of half ∧ in Y-axis in the center line of two fibre cores and the center line of silica clad, and lay respectively at the arranged on left and right sides of silica clad Y-axis center line.Be spaced a ∧ between two fibre cores in the X-axis, Y-direction is spaced 6 ∧.Its far field mould spot is also similar ellipse, there is a major axis and a minor axis, and two major axis and minor axis is all parallel construction, but two major axis are from deviation 1 ∧, deviation 6 ∧ viewed from Y-axis viewed from X-axis.The fibre core of this optical fiber and covering are all rotational symmetric.In the topological structure of this optical fiber, two fibre cores shift to install, and it suppresses the performance of crosstalk also more to improve.
With embodiment 2, consider and needs are observed to axle, also in optical fiber silica clad, X-axis or Y-axis two symmetrical gauge point (not shown)s can be placed, like this can side observation and identification when carrying out optical fiber and device or optical fiber and optical fiber and operate axle.
In coupling, three kinds of coupling scheme in embodiment 1 can be adopted, just aim at the long and short axle of far field mould spot and spacing adjusts accordingly.Such as, utilize mode in the 3rd, when namely utilizing the uncoupling of twin-core coupling mechanism, the structure of two single core polarization maintaining optical fibres as shown in figure 11, major axis deviation 1 ∧ after the rubbing down of side, minor axis deviation 6 ∧ (Figure 11 cathetus is long axis direction).
Above content is in conjunction with concrete embodiment further description made for the present invention, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.
Claims (10)
1. a twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber, at diameter be the quartz substrate of 125um radial two-dimensional directional on be furnished with the medium holes of periodic arrangement, described medium holes forms hexagon medium holes array, and the diameter of each medium holes is d1; It is characterized in that: the spacing Λ of medium holes is 5.23 ~ 5.83um, lack two non-conterminous medium holes in described medium holes array thus form two fibre cores, the spacing of two fibre cores is 30 ~ 35um, the diameter of two medium holes is had to change d2 at described each fiber core, and d2 > d1, thus form four large medium holes.
2. twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described medium holes is airport, described in be looped around the airport of fiber core the number of plies be 6 ~ 7 layers.
3. twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the scope of described d1 is 2.5 ~ 3.0um, the scope of described d2 is 6.5 ~ 8.5um.
4. twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: one end of described double-core photonic crystal fiber is single chip bending waveguide, the two ends of described curved waveguide be arranged in parallel, and its radial spacing is 30 ~ 35um, are coupled respectively with two fibre cores.
5. twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: one end of described double-core photonic crystal fiber is Y waveguide, the radial spacing of the two-arm of described Y waveguide is 30 ~ 35um, is coupled respectively with two fibre cores.
6. twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: one end of described double-core photonic crystal fiber is twin-core coupling mechanism, described twin-core coupling mechanism comprises two single-core fibers, one end of two single-core fibers be arranged in parallel, its side all rubbing down, diameter reduction makes the fiber core distance of two single-core fibers be 30 ~ 35um, is coupled respectively with two fibre cores of double-core photonic crystal fiber; The other end of two single-core fibers is free end.
7. as the twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber in claim 4 ~ 6 as described in any one, it is characterized in that: the far field mould spot of described two fibre cores is all oval, comprises respective major axis and minor axis, and the length of major axis and minor axis is than being 1.2:1 ~ 1.7:1.
8. twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: the major axis of described two far field mould spots is parallel respectively with minor axis, and two major axis and two minor axises one of them point-blank.
9. twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: described four large medium holes point-blank.
10. twin-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: the major axis of described two far field mould spots is parallel respectively with minor axis, and two major axis are not point-blank, and two minor axises are not point-blank yet.
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| CN109932777A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-06-25 | 西南科技大学 | A kind of high sensitivity pressure sensing photonic crystal fiber and its pressure sensor |
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