CN104868468A

CN104868468A - UPFC optimization configuration method based on life cycle cost

Info

Publication number: CN104868468A
Application number: CN201510284431.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘建坤; 卫志农; 李群; 孙国强; 黄为民; 陈静; 徐珂; 周建华; 解兵
Original assignee: State Grid Corp of China SGCC; State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd; Hohai University HHU; Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Current assignee: State Grid Corp of China SGCC; State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd; Hohai University HHU; Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Priority date: 2015-05-28
Filing date: 2015-05-28
Publication date: 2015-08-26
Anticipated expiration: 2035-05-28
Also published as: CN104868468B

Abstract

The invention discloses a UPFC optimization configuration method based on life cycle cost. Compared with the prior art, a harmony search method serves as a frame, an ant colony system assesses the adaptability of each harmony unit, the problem of LCC based UPFC optimization configuration is effectively solved, the harmony unit created via the method is characterized by diversity, randomness and the like to avoid local optimization, and the application prospects are wide.

Description

Optimal Configuration Method of UPFC Based on Life Cycle Cost

技术领域technical field

本发明电力系统运行和控制技术领域，具体涉及一种基于全寿命周期成本的UPFC优化配置方法。The invention relates to the technical field of power system operation and control, and specifically relates to a UPFC optimal configuration method based on full life cycle cost.

背景技术Background technique

随着电网建设的发展，各区域电网之间联系越来越紧密，在当前电网网络结构下，区域电网之间安全地进行电力交易比较困难。灵活交流输电系统(flexible ac transmission systems，FACTS)是近年来出现的一项新技术，应用电力电子技术的最新发展成就以及现代控制技术实现对交流输电系统参数以至网络结构的灵活快速控制，一起实现输送功率的合理分配，降低功率损耗和发电成本，大幅度提高系统稳定性、可靠性。With the development of power grid construction, the connection between regional power grids is getting closer and closer. Under the current grid network structure, it is difficult to safely conduct power transactions between regional power grids. Flexible ac transmission systems (flexible ac transmission systems, FACTS) is a new technology that has emerged in recent years. It uses the latest developments in power electronics technology and modern control technology to achieve flexible and fast control of the parameters of the ac transmission system and the network structure. Reasonable distribution of transmission power reduces power loss and power generation costs, and greatly improves system stability and reliability.

统一潮流控制器(unified power flow conortller，UPFC)是为实现交流输电系统的实时控制与动态补偿而研制开发的，可以控制线路阻抗、电压和功角，其功能十分强大，可以通过控制量的变化来实现并联补偿、串联补偿或移相器的功能，不但可用于控制母线电压、线路潮流，提高系统动态和暂态稳定性，抑制系统振荡，也可以快速转换工作状态以适应电力系统的紧急状态需要，在FACTS中最具有代表性。The unified power flow controller (unified power flow conortller, UPFC) is developed to realize the real-time control and dynamic compensation of the AC transmission system. It can control the line impedance, voltage and power angle. To realize the functions of parallel compensation, series compensation or phase shifter, it can not only be used to control the bus voltage and line flow, improve the system dynamic and transient stability, suppress system oscillation, but also quickly switch the working state to adapt to the emergency state of the power system Need, most representative in FACTS.

全寿命周期成本(life cycle cost，LCC)理论用于对工程的全寿命周期发展过程进行协调统一的规划和管理，目前，已在电力规划决策中被广泛认识和应用。该理论最早起源于瑞典，于上世纪80年代末进入我国，在变电工程规划设计、变压器与输电线路选型、变电站选址定容等领域有许多成功的应用。The life cycle cost (LCC) theory is used to coordinate and unify the planning and management of the whole life cycle development process of the project. At present, it has been widely recognized and applied in the decision-making of electric power planning. The theory first originated in Sweden and entered my country in the late 1980s. It has many successful applications in the fields of substation engineering planning and design, transformer and transmission line selection, and substation site selection and capacity determination.

目前，针对统一潮流控制器(unified power flow conortller，UPFC)，管理不便，配置过程复杂的问题一直没有解决，抑制了UPFC的广泛推广。At present, for the unified power flow controller (UPFC), the problems of inconvenient management and complicated configuration process have not been solved, which inhibits the widespread promotion of UPFC.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明是为了克服现有的针对统一潮流控制器(unified powerflow conortller，UPFC)，管理不便，配置过程复杂，抑制了UPFC的广泛推广的问题。本发明的基于全寿命周期成本的UPFC优化配置方法，以和声搜索算法为框架，采用蚁群系统对每个和声个体进行适应度评估，较好地解决了UPFC优化配置问题，具有良好的应用前景。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the existing problems of inconvenient management and complicated configuration process for a unified power flow controller (UPFC), which inhibit the widespread promotion of UPFC. The UPFC optimal configuration method based on the whole life cycle cost of the present invention uses the harmony search algorithm as a framework, and uses the ant colony system to evaluate the fitness of each harmony individual, which better solves the problem of UPFC optimal configuration and has good performance Application prospects.

为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

一种基于全寿命周期成本的UPFC优化配置方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤，A kind of UPFC optimal configuration method based on whole life cycle cost, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps,

步骤(1)，将UPFC装置接入到电网，根据UPFC装置的稳态模型，建立基于全寿命周期成本的UPFC优化配置模型，如公式(1)所示，In step (1), the UPFC device is connected to the power grid, and according to the steady-state model of the UPFC device, an optimal configuration model of UPFC based on the whole life cycle cost is established, as shown in formula (1),

优化对象 min.LCC(x)Optimization object min.LCC(x)

约束条件 h(x)＝0 (1)Constraints h(x)=0 (1)

$\underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{g g} \leq \leq g g ((x x)) \leq \leq \overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{g g}$

其中，LCC(x)为全寿命周期成本，min.LCC(x)为最小的全寿命周期成本P_g、Q_R分别为发电机所发有功功率和无功功率，θ、V分别为节点电压相角和幅值，k_c、分别为UPFC可控电压源的幅值控制参数、相角控制参数，Q_sh为UPFC的无功控制参数；h(x)为等式约束条件，为交流系统的功率平衡方程；g(x)为不等式约束条件，包含交流系统的电压幅值、相角，线路传输功率约束，UPFC的可控电压源幅值参数、相角控制参数，g为不等式约束条件的下限，为不等式约束条件的上限；Among them, LCC(x) is the whole life cycle cost, min.LCC(x) is the minimum life cycle cost P _g , Q _R are the active power and reactive power generated by the generator respectively, θ and V are the phase angle and amplitude of the node voltage respectively, k _c , are the amplitude control parameters and phase angle control parameters of the UPFC controllable voltage source, Q _sh is the reactive power control parameters of the UPFC; h(x) is the equality constraint, and is the power balance equation of the AC system; g(x) is the inequality constraint condition, including the voltage amplitude and phase angle of the AC system, the line transmission power constraint, the controllable voltage source amplitude parameter and phase angle control parameter of UPFC, g is the lower limit of the inequality constraint condition, is the upper limit of the inequality constraints;

步骤(2)，获取电力系统的网络参数；Step (2), obtaining the network parameters of the power system;

步骤(3)，设定和声搜索算法的音调微调概率音调微调带宽和声矩阵大小H、和声矩阵取值概率HMCR、信息素信息的相对重要程度α、启发信息的相对重要程度β、信息素挥发系数p、常数t、最大创作次数K_max、待优化离散变量为UPFC安装位置UPFC容量迭代次数k_iter＝0，根据公式(2)，随机生成初始的和声矩阵 Step (3), setting the pitch fine-tuning probability of the harmony search algorithm Tone Trim Bandwidth Harmony matrix size H, harmony matrix value probability HMCR, relative importance of pheromone information α, relative importance of heuristic information β, pheromone volatilization coefficient p, constant t, maximum creation times K _max , discrete variables to be optimized Installation location for UPFC UPFC capacity The number of iterations k _iter =0, according to the formula (2), randomly generate the initial harmony matrix

${HM H M}_{{k k}_{i i t t e e r r}} = = [\begin{matrix} {x x}_{11}^{11} & {x x}_{22}^{11} & ... ... & {x x}_{n no - - 11}^{11} & {x x}_{n no}^{11} \\ {x x}_{11}^{22} & {x x}_{22}^{22} & ... ... & {x x}_{n no - - 11}^{22} & {x x}_{n no}^{22} \\ \begin{matrix} . . \\ . . \\ . . \end{matrix} & \begin{matrix} . . \\ . . \\ . . \end{matrix} & \begin{matrix} . . \\ . . \\ . . \end{matrix} & \begin{matrix} . . \\ . . \\ . . \end{matrix} & \begin{matrix} . . \\ . . \\ . . \end{matrix} \\ {x x}_{11}^{H h - - 11} & {x x}_{22}^{H h - - 11} & ... ... & {x x}_{n no - - 11}^{H h - - 11} & {x x}_{n no}^{H h - - 11} \\ {x x}_{11}^{H h} & {x x}_{22}^{H h} & ... ... & {x x}_{n no - - 11}^{H h} & {x x}_{n no}^{H h} \end{matrix}] - - - - - - ((22))$

其中， $x_{i}^{j} = x_{i, m i n}^{j} + r a n d * (x_{i, m a x}^{j} - x_{i, m i n}^{j}), j = 1, 2, ..., H;$ 为第j个种群中的第i个待优化变量，下标n为待优化的变量个数，上标H为种群的个数；in, $x_{i}^{j} = x_{i, m i no}^{j} + r a no d * (x_{i, m a x}^{j} - x_{i, m i no}^{j}), j = 1, 2, ..., h;$ is the i-th variable to be optimized in the j-th population, the subscript n is the number of variables to be optimized, and the superscript H is the number of populations;

步骤(4)，将和声矩阵的每个行向量进行一次含UPFC的潮流计算，并计算每个行向量的适应值 Step (4), the harmony matrix Perform a power flow calculation with UPFC for each row vector of , and calculate the fitness value of each row vector

步骤(5)，产生新的和声矩阵 Step (5), generate a new harmony matrix

步骤(6)，调整音调微调概率和音调微调带宽 Step (6), adjust the pitch fine-tuning probability and tone trim bandwidth

步骤(7)，将新的和声矩阵的每个行向量进行一次含UPFC的潮流计算，并计算每个行向量的适应值并将和声矩阵和合并成大小为2H的和声矩阵 Step (7), the new harmony matrix Perform a power flow calculation with UPFC for each row vector of , and calculate the fitness value of each row vector and the harmony matrix and Combined into a harmony matrix of size 2H

步骤(8)，通过蚁群系统的在大小为2H的和声矩阵中优选出大小为H的和声矩阵 Step (8), through the harmony matrix of size 2H through the ant colony system A harmony matrix of size H is selected from the middle

步骤(9)，判断迭代次数是否大于最大创作次数K_max，若大于，则退出，并输出得到UPFC配置参数，包括UPFC安装位置n_p、UPFC可控电压源幅值参数k_c、UPFC可控电压源相角参数UPFC无功控制参数Q_sh；若不大于最大创作次数K_max，则置迭代次数k_iter值加1，返回步骤(5)。Step (9), judge whether the number of iterations is greater than the maximum number of creations K _max , if it is greater, exit, and output the UPFC configuration parameters, including UPFC installation position n _p , UPFC controllable voltage source amplitude parameter k _c , UPFC controllable Voltage Source Phase Angle Parameters UPFC reactive power control parameter Q _sh ; if it is not greater than the maximum number of creations K _max , add 1 to the value of the iteration number k _iter and return to step (5).

前述的基于全寿命周期成本的UPFC优化配置方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)所述获取电力系统的网络参数，包括母线编号、名称、负有功、负荷无功、补偿电容、输电线路的支路号、首端节点和末端节点编号、串联电阻、串联电抗、并联电导、并联电纳、变压器变比和阻抗、发电机有功出力、无功上下限、经济参数。The aforementioned UPFC optimal configuration method based on full life cycle cost is characterized in that: the network parameters of the power system obtained in step (2), including bus number, name, negative active power, load reactive power, compensation capacitance, transmission line support Road number, head node and end node number, series resistance, series reactance, parallel conductance, parallel susceptance, transformer ratio and impedance, generator active output, reactive power upper and lower limits, economic parameters.

本发明的有益效果是：本发明的基于全寿命周期成本的UPFC优化配置方法，与现有技术相比，以和声搜索算法为框架，采用蚁群系统对每个和声个体进行适应度评估，用于解决基于LCC的UPFC优化配置问题，由于所提的算法创作时和声个体具有多样性、随机性等特点，避免了陷入局部最优，较好地解决了基于LCC的UPFC优化配置问题，具有良好的应用前景。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the UPFC optimal configuration method based on the whole life cycle cost of the present invention, compared with the prior art, uses the harmony search algorithm as the framework, and uses the ant colony system to evaluate the fitness of each harmony individual , used to solve the optimal configuration problem of UPFC based on LCC. Since the proposed algorithm has the characteristics of diversity and randomness in the creation of harmony individuals, it avoids falling into local optimum and better solves the optimal configuration problem of UPFC based on LCC. , has a good application prospect.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的基于全寿命周期成本的UPFC优化配置方法的流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the UPFC optimal configuration method based on the whole life cycle cost of the present invention.

图2是本发明UPFC在节点i等效的注入有功功率和无功功率的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of equivalent injected active power and reactive power at node i of the UPFC of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面将结合说明书附图，对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

本发明的基于全寿命周期成本的UPFC优化配置方法，与现有技术相比，以和声搜索算法为框架，采用蚁群系统对每个和声个体进行适应度评估，用于解决基于LCC的UPFC优化配置问题，由于所提的算法创作时和声个体具有多样性、随机性等特点，避免了陷入局部最优，较好地解决了基于LCC的UPFC优化配置问题，具体包括以下步骤，Compared with the prior art, the UPFC optimal configuration method based on the whole life cycle cost of the present invention uses the harmony search algorithm as the framework, and uses the ant colony system to evaluate the fitness of each harmony individual, and is used to solve the problem based on LCC. The UPFC optimal configuration problem, because the proposed algorithm has the characteristics of diversity and randomness when creating harmony individuals, avoids falling into local optimum, and better solves the UPFC optimal configuration problem based on LCC, specifically including the following steps,

优化对象 min.LCC(x)Optimization object min.LCC(x)

约束条件 h(x)＝0 (1)Constraints h(x)=0 (1)

其中，LCC(x)为全寿命周期成本，min.LCC(x)为最小全寿命周期成本，P_g、Q_R分别为发电机所发有功功率和无功功率，θ、V分别为节点电压相角和幅值，k_c、分别为UPFC可控电压源的幅值控制参数、相角控制参数，Q_sh为UPFC的无功控制参数；h(x)为等式约束条件，为交流系统的功率平衡方程；g(x)为不等式约束条件，包含交流系统的电压幅值、相角，线路传输功率约束，UPFC的可控电压源幅值参数、相角控制参数；g为不等式约束条件的下限，为不等式约束条件的上限。Among them, LCC(x) is the whole life cycle cost, min.LCC(x) is the minimum life cycle cost, P _g , Q _R are the active power and reactive power generated by the generator respectively, θ and V are the phase angle and amplitude of the node voltage respectively, k _c , are the amplitude control parameters and phase angle control parameters of the UPFC controllable voltage source, Q _sh is the reactive power control parameters of the UPFC; h(x) is the equality constraint, and is the power balance equation of the AC system; g(x) is the inequality constraint condition, including the voltage amplitude and phase angle of the AC system, the line transmission power constraint, the controllable voltage source amplitude parameter and phase angle control parameter of UPFC; g is the lower limit of the inequality constraint condition, is the upper limit of the inequality constraints.

如图2所示，ΔP_ij,jΔQ_ij分别为UPFC在节点i等效的注入有功功率和无功功率，ΔP_ji,jΔQ_ji分别为UPFC在节点j等效的注入有功功率和无功功率，分别为节点i、j的电压相量，为UPFC可控电压源的电压相量，为UPFC可控电流源的电流相量，g_ij、b_ij分别为节点i、j之间的线路电导和电纳，B为线路的对地导纳，As shown in Figure 2, ΔP _ij , jΔQ _ij are the equivalent injected active power and reactive power of UPFC at node i, respectively, ΔP _ji , jΔQ _ji are the equivalent injected active power and reactive power of UPFC at node j, respectively, are the voltage phasors of nodes i and j respectively, is the voltage phasor of the UPFC controllable voltage source, is the current phasor of the UPFC controllable current source, g _ij and b _ij are the conductance and susceptance of the line between nodes i and j respectively, B is the ground admittance of the line,

UPFC在标幺制系统下的基本方程如下，The basic equation of UPFC in per unit system is as follows,

本发明按照交流系统的节点上是否接有UPFC装置，将节点分为普通节点和UPFC节点，由于在普通节点上连接了UPFC装置，其对应的控制和状态变量在普通节点的电压幅值U_i和相角θ_i基础上增加了UPFC变量k_c、Q_sh，其中，k_c为UPFC可控电压源幅值参数、为UPFC可控电压源相角参数、Q_sh为UPFC无功控制参数，对于UPFC节点，其功率平衡方程式如下，According to whether the nodes of the AC system are connected with UPFC devices, the present invention divides the nodes into ordinary nodes and UPFC nodes. Since the UPFC devices are connected to the ordinary nodes, the voltage amplitude U _i of the corresponding control and state variables at the ordinary nodes and phase angle θ _i based on the UPFC variable k _c , Q _sh , where k _c is the amplitude parameter of UPFC controllable voltage source, is the phase angle parameter of the UPFC controllable voltage source, and Q _sh is the UPFC reactive power control parameter. For the UPFC node, the power balance equation is as follows,

$\{\begin{matrix} {ΔP ΔP}_{u u p p f f c c k k} = = {P P}_{u u p p f f c c k k}^{s the s} - - {U u}_{u u p p f f c c k k} \underset{j j &Element; &Element; J J}{Σ Σ} {U u}_{j j} (({G G}_{k k j j} {cosθ cosθ}_{k k j j} + + {B B}_{k k j j} {sinθ sinθ}_{k k j j})) + + {ΔP ΔP}_{i i j j} \\ {ΔQ ΔQ}_{u u p p f f c c k k} = = {Q Q}_{u u p p f f c c k k}^{s the s} - - {U u}_{u u p p f f c c k k} \underset{j j &Element; &Element; J J}{Σ Σ} {U u}_{j j} (({G G}_{k k j j} {sinθ sinθ}_{k k j j} - - {B B}_{k k j j} {cosθ cosθ}_{k k j j})) + + {ΔQ ΔQ}_{i i j j} \\ {ΔP ΔP}_{u u p p f f ct ct} = = {P P}_{u u p p fct fct}^{s the s} - - {U u}_{u u p p fct fct} \underset{{j j}^{' '} &Element; &Element; {J J}^{' '}}{Σ Σ} {U u}_{{j j}^{' '}} (({G G}_{{tj tj}^{' '}} {cosθ cosθ}_{{tj tj}^{' '}} + + {B B}_{{tj tj}^{' '}} {sinθ sinθ}_{{tj tj}^{' '}})) + + {ΔP ΔP}_{j j i i} \\ {ΔQ ΔQ}_{u u p p fct fct} = = {Q Q}_{u u p p fct fct}^{s the s} - - {U u}_{u u p p fct fct} \underset{{j j}^{' '} &Element; &Element; {J J}^{' '}}{Σ Σ} {U u}_{{j j}^{' '}} (({G G}_{{tj tj}^{' '}} {sinθ sinθ}_{{tj tj}^{' '}} + + {B B}_{{tj tj}^{' '}} {cosθ cosθ}_{{tj tj}^{' '}})) + + {ΔQ ΔQ}_{j j i i} \end{matrix}$

其中，下标k表示支路ij节点i端装设的UPFC，下标t表示支路ij节点j端装设的UPFC；ΔP_upfck、ΔQ_upfck分别为支路ij节点i端装设的UPFC在节点的i有功功率和无功功率的不平衡量；ΔP_upfct、ΔQ_upfct分别为支路ij节点i端装设的UPFC在节点的j有功功率和无功功率的不平衡量；分别为支路ij节点i端装设UPFC，节点i注入的有功功率和无功功率；分别为支路ij节点i端装设UPFC，节点j注入的有功功率和无功功率；U_upfck为设置有第k个UPFC的交流节点电压幅值；U_upfct为设置有第t个UPFC的交流节点电压幅值；J表示与设置有第k个UPFC的交流节点连接的所有节点，j表示与设置有第k个UPFC的交流节点连接的第j个交流节点；U_j为与设置有第k个UPFC的交流节点连接的第j个交流节点的电压幅值；θ_kj是设置有第k个UPFC的交流节点和与之相连的第j个交流节点之间的电压相角差；G_kj、B_kj分别是设置有第k个UPFC的交流节点和与之相连的第j个交流节点之间的电导和电纳；J'表示与设置有第t个UPFC的交流节点连接的所有节点，j'表示与设置有第t个UPFC的交流节点连接的第j'个交流节点；U_j'为与设置有第t个UPFC的交流节点连接的第j'个交流节点的电压幅值；θ_tj'是设置有第t个UPFC的交流节点和与之相连的第j'个交流节点之间的电压相角差；G_tj'、B_tj'分别是设置有第t个UPFC的交流节点和与之相连的第j'个交流节点之间的电导和电纳；Among them, the subscript k indicates the UPFC installed at node i end of branch ij, and the subscript t indicates the UPFC installed at node j end of branch ij; ΔP _upfck and ΔQ _upfck are the UPFC installed at node i end of branch ij respectively The unbalanced amount of active power and reactive power of node i; ΔP _upfct and ΔQ _upfct are respectively the unbalanced amount of active power and reactive power of UPFC installed at node i end of branch ij node i; UPFC is installed for branch ij node i respectively, the active power and reactive power injected by node i; The active power and reactive power injected by node j are respectively installed with UPFC at node i of branch ij; U _upfck is the voltage amplitude of the AC node with the kth UPFC _set ; node voltage amplitude; J represents all the nodes connected to the AC node with the kth UPFC; _j represents the jth AC node connected to the AC node with the kth UPFC; The voltage amplitude of the jth AC node connected to the AC node of a UPFC; θ _kj is the voltage phase angle difference between the AC node with the kth UPFC and the jth AC node connected to it; G _kj , B _kj are the conductance and susceptance between the AC node with the k-th UPFC and the j-th AC node connected to it; J' represents all nodes connected to the AC node with the t-th UPFC, j ' denotes the j'th AC node connected to the AC node with the t-th UPFC; U _j' is the voltage amplitude of the j'th AC node connected to the AC node with the t-th UPFC; θ _{tj '} is the voltage phase angle difference between the AC node with the tth UPFC and the j'th AC node connected to it; G _tj' and B _tj' are the AC node with the tth UPFC and the The conductance and susceptance between the j'th AC node connected to it;

这里UPFC全寿命周期成本的组成如下：Here the composition of UPFC life cycle cost is as follows:

①初始投入成本C_I ①Initial input cost C _I

初始投入成本即基本建设的成本，一般包括设备的购置费用、建筑工程费用、安装费用和其它动态费用等，一般可表示为The initial input cost is the cost of capital construction, which generally includes the purchase cost of equipment, construction engineering cost, installation cost and other dynamic costs, etc., which can generally be expressed as

${C C}_{I I} = = {Σ Σ}_{i i = = 11}^{m m} {p p}_{i i}$

式中，m表示设备的总数；p_i表示第i项设备的初始投资。输电系统的初始投入成本主要考虑变电站成本C_sub、输电线路成本C_cab和安装成本C_ins、补偿设备成本C_com，以及根据建设的地点而可能产生的平台建造成本C_rig和用地成本C_land，即为In the formula, m represents the total number of equipment; p _i represents the initial investment of the i-th equipment. The initial input cost of the transmission system mainly considers the substation cost C _sub , the transmission line cost C _cab and the installation cost C _ins , the compensation equipment cost C _com , and the platform construction cost C _rig and land cost C _land that may be generated according to the construction location, that is

C_I＝C_sub+C_cab+C_ins+C_com+C_rig+C_land C _I ＝C _sub +C _cab +C _ins +C _com +C _rig +C _land

②年维护成本C_Mt ②Annual maintenance cost C _Mt

年维护成本主要是设备全寿命周期内运行检修需要的材料和人工方面的费用，主要包括设备运行费用、检修费用、运行和检修人员费用等。由于电力设备的维修周期和费用相对稳定，一般可以根据历史平均检修情况估算，得The annual maintenance cost is mainly the cost of materials and labor required for the operation and maintenance of the equipment during the entire life cycle, mainly including equipment operation costs, maintenance costs, and operating and maintenance personnel costs. Since the maintenance period and cost of power equipment are relatively stable, it can generally be estimated based on the historical average maintenance situation, and the

C_Mt＝∑N_mt·C_jmt C _Mt ＝∑N _mt ·C _jmt

式中，N_mt为第j类设备的年均检修次数，C_jmt为平均检修费用。对于历史检修数据搜集较为困难的情况，也常常选择根据初始投入成本折算In the formula, N _mt is the average annual maintenance frequency of j-type equipment, and C _jmt is the average maintenance cost. For the situation where it is difficult to collect historical maintenance data, it is often chosen to convert it based on the initial input cost

${C C}_{M m t t} = = \overset{m m}{Σ Σ} {f f}_{m m} \cdot &Center Dot; {p p}_{i i}$

式中，f_m为运维折算系数；p_i表示第i项设备的初始投资。In the formula, f _m is the operation and maintenance conversion coefficient; p _i represents the initial investment of the i-th equipment.

③废弃成本C_D ③Abandonment cost C _D

废弃成本是指寿命周期结束对电力设备退废时可以回收的残值，可用下式表示Disposal cost refers to the salvage value that can be recovered when the power equipment is scrapped at the end of the life cycle, which can be expressed by the following formula

${C C}_{D D.} = = \underset{i i &Element; &Element; M m}{Σ Σ} (({C C}_{i i e e d d} - - {C C}_{i i e e r r}))$

式中，C_ied为废弃设备i所耗费的费用，C_ier为该种设备的残值，一般根据不同设备的原值采用折算系数折算得到；In the formula, C _ied is the cost of discarding equipment i, and C _ier is the residual value of this type of equipment, which is generally converted according to the original value of different equipment using conversion coefficients;

④年运行成本C_Ot ④ Annual operating cost C _Ot

年运行成本主要是单位时间内输电系统的运行损耗，包括变电站损耗和线路损耗，可以表示为The annual operating cost is mainly the operating loss of the transmission system per unit time, including substation loss and line loss, which can be expressed as

${C C}_{O o t t} = = \overset{k k}{Σ Σ} β β \cdot \cdot {W W}_{i i} \cdot \cdot {T T}_{i i} \cdot &Center Dot; u u + + \overset{h h}{Σ Σ} ρ ρ \cdot \cdot {W W}_{j j} \cdot &Center Dot; {T T}_{cos cos t t} \cdot \cdot u u$

式中，k为线路总数；β表示线路损耗率；W_i表示第i条线路输送的有功；T_i表示第i条线路的年运行时间；u为平均售电价；h表示变电站的总数；ρ为变电站损耗；W_j为变电站输出的有功；T_cost为变电站年最大损耗时间；In the formula, k is the total number of lines; β is the line loss rate; W _i is the active power delivered by the i-th line; T _i is the annual running time of the i-th line; u is the average selling price; h is the total number of substations; is the substation loss; W _j is the active power output by the substation; T _cost is the annual maximum loss time of the substation;

⑤年故障成本C_Ft ⑤Annual failure cost C _Ft

年故障成本指由于故障造成的经济损失，包括对用户造成的停电损失和电力部门自身由于故障造成的经济损失，其主要与停电的发生时间、持续时间、停电频率以及用户类型有关，较常用的计算方法可用下式表示The annual failure cost refers to the economic loss caused by the failure, including the power failure loss caused by the user and the economic loss caused by the failure of the power department itself. It is mainly related to the occurrence time, duration, frequency and user type of the power failure. The more commonly used The calculation method can be expressed by the following formula

${C C}_{F f t t} = = \overset{m m}{Σ Σ} {λ λ}_{i i} \cdot &Center Dot; \overset{h h}{Σ Σ} {t t}_{i i j j} \cdot &Center Dot; R R (({t t}_{i i j j},, j j)) \cdot &Center Dot; {W W}_{j j}$

式中，m表示设备的总数；h表示变电站的总数；λ_i表示设备i的故障率；t_ij表示设备i故障造成变电站j的停电时间；W_j为变电站输出的有功；R(t_ij,j)表示变电站j对应于停电时间t_ij的损失费用，当该费用和具体故障停电时间无法直接得到时，常常通过产电比或售电价和不可用率估算，此时故障成本即简化为In the formula, m represents the total number of equipment; h represents the total number of substations; λi represents the failure rate of equipment _i ; t _ij represents the power outage time of substation j caused by the failure of equipment i; W _j is the active power output by the substation; R(t _ij , j) represents the loss cost of substation j corresponding to the outage time t _ij . When the cost and the specific outage time cannot be directly obtained, it is often estimated by the ratio of electricity production or electricity sales price and unavailability rate. At this time, the cost of failure is simplified as

${C C}_{F f t t} = = \overset{h h}{Σ Σ} {W W}_{j j} \cdot &Center Dot; {T T}_{t t} \cdot &Center Dot; η η \cdot \cdot u u$

式中，η为系统不可用率，T_t为系统年运行时间；In the formula, η is the system unavailability rate, and T _t is the annual running time of the system;

⑥UPFC接入方案的LCC⑥LCC of UPFC access scheme

由上述初始投入成本、维护成本、废弃成本、运行成本和故障成本建立LCC评估模型，折算为现值的表达式为The LCC evaluation model is established from the above initial input cost, maintenance cost, abandonment cost, operation cost and failure cost, and the expression converted to present value is

$L L C C C C = = {C C}_{I I} + + {Σ Σ}_{t t = = 00}^{t t = = n no} \frac{{((11 + + r r))}^{n no} - - 11}{r r {((11 + + r r))}^{n no}} (({C C}_{O o t t} + + {C C}_{M m t t} + + {C C}_{F f t t})) + + \frac{{C C}_{D D.}}{{((11 + + r r))}^{n no}}$

式中，C_I、C_D为一次性成本，C_Ot、C_Mt、C_Ft为以年为单位的平均成本；r为折现率，t为工程寿命周期，n为年份；In the formula, _C _I , CD are one-time costs, C _Ot , C _Mt , C _Ft are the average costs in units of years; r is the discount rate, t is the project life cycle, and n is the year;

步骤(2)，获取电力系统的网络参数；包括：母线编号、名称、负有功、负荷无功、补偿电容，输电线路的支路号、首端节点和末端节点编号、串联电阻、串联电抗、并联电导、并联电纳、变压器变比和阻抗，发电机有功出力、无功上下限，经济参数；Step (2), obtaining the network parameters of the power system; including: bus number, name, negative active power, load reactive power, compensation capacitor, branch number of the transmission line, head-end node and end node number, series resistance, series reactance, Parallel conductance, parallel susceptance, transformer ratio and impedance, generator active output, reactive upper and lower limits, economic parameters;

步骤(3)，设定HAS的音调微调概率音调微调带宽和声矩阵大小H、和声矩阵取值概率HMCR、信息素信息的相对重要程度α、启发信息的相对重要程度β、信息素挥发系数p、常数t、最大创作次数K_max、待优化离散变量为UPFC安装位置UPFC容量迭代次数k_iter＝0，按下式随机生成初始的和声矩阵 Step (3), setting the pitch fine-tuning probability of HAS Tone Trim Bandwidth Harmony matrix size H, harmony matrix value probability HMCR, relative importance of pheromone information α, relative importance of heuristic information β, pheromone volatilization coefficient p, constant t, maximum creation times K _max , discrete variables to be optimized Installation location for UPFC UPFC capacity The number of iterations k _iter =0, the initial harmony matrix is randomly generated according to the following formula

步骤(4)，根据公式(3)对和声矩阵的每个行向量进行一次含UPFC的潮流计算，Step (4), according to the formula (3) to the harmony matrix Perform a power flow calculation with UPFC for each row vector of

其中，Δδ、ΔU、Δδ_upfc、ΔU_upfc分别是普通节点的电压相角、电压幅值、UPFC节点的电压相角度、电压幅值，普通节点的有功残差ΔP、无功残差ΔQ，UPFC节点的有功残差ΔP_upfc、无功残差ΔQ_upfc如下：Among them, Δδ, ΔU, Δδ _upfc and ΔU _upfc are the voltage phase angle and voltage amplitude of ordinary nodes, the voltage phase angle and voltage amplitude of UPFC nodes, active residual ΔP and reactive residual ΔQ of ordinary nodes, UPFC The active residual ΔP _upfc and reactive residual ΔQ _upfc of the nodes are as follows:

${ΔP ΔP}_{u u p p f f c c} = = {P P}_{u u p p f f c c}^{s the s} - - {U u}_{u u p p f f c c} \underset{j j &Element; &Element; J J}{Σ Σ} {U u}_{j j} (({G G}_{k k j j} {cosθ cosθ}_{k k j j} + + {B B}_{k k j j} {sinθ sinθ}_{k k j j})) + + {ΔP ΔP}_{i i j j}$

${ΔQ ΔQ}_{u u p p f f c c} = = {Q Q}_{u u p p f f c c}^{s the s} - - {U u}_{u u p p f f c c} \underset{j j &Element; &Element; J J}{Σ Σ} {U u}_{j j} (({G G}_{k k j j} {sinθ sinθ}_{k k j j} + + {B B}_{k k j j} {cosθ cosθ}_{k k j j})) + + {ΔQ ΔQ}_{i i j j}$

UPFC节点的雅克比矩阵为：The Jacobian matrix of the UPFC node is:

$\begin{matrix} H h = = - - \frac{\partial \partial {ΔP ΔP}_{u u p p f f c c}}{\partial \partial {δ δ}_{u u p p f f c c}} & J J = = - - \frac{\partial \partial {P P}_{u u p p f f c c}}{\partial \partial {U u}_{u u p p f f c c}} \end{matrix}$

$\begin{matrix} K K = = - - \frac{\partial \partial {ΔQ ΔQ}_{u u p p f f c c}}{\partial \partial {δ δ}_{u u p p f f c c}} & L L = = - - \frac{\partial \partial {ΔQ ΔQ}_{u u p p f f c c}}{\partial \partial {U u}_{u u p p f f c c}} \end{matrix}$

根据潮流计算结果，求得每个行向量的适应值 According to the calculation results of the power flow, the fitness value of each row vector is obtained

步骤(5)，按照下式产生新的和声矩阵 Step (5), according to the following formula to generate a new harmony matrix

新的和声x′_i＝(x′₁,x′₂,…,x′_n)，新解的第一个变量x′₁有HMCR的概率选自中的任何一值，有1-HMCR的概率选自外的任何一值，生成方式如下：The new harmony x′ _i =(x′ ₁ ,x′ ₂ ,…,x′ _n ), the first variable x′ ₁ of the new solution has the probability of HMCR selected from middle For any value of , there is a probability of 1-HMCR selected from Any value other than , generated as follows:

${x x}_{i i}^{' '} = = \{\begin{matrix} {x x}_{i i}^{' '} &Element; &Element; (({x x}_{i i}^{11},, {x x}_{i i}^{22},, ... ...,, {x x}_{i i}^{H h})),, & i i f f & r r a a n no d d < < H h M m C C R R \\ {x x}_{i i}^{' '} &Element; &Element; {X x}_{i i},, & o o t t h h e e r r w w i i s the s e e \end{matrix}$

其次，若新的和声x′_i来自和声矩阵要对其进行音调微调，操作如下：Second, if the new harmony x′ _i comes from the harmony matrix To fine-tune its pitch, proceed as follows:

${x x}_{i i}^{' '} = = \{\begin{matrix} {x x}_{i i}^{' '} + + r r a a n no d d * * {BW BW}_{{k k}_{i i t t e e r r}},, & i i f f & r r a a n no d d < < {PAR PAR}_{{k k}_{i i t t e e r r}} \\ {x x}_{i i}^{' '},, & o o t t h h e e r r w w i i s the s e e \end{matrix}$

则 ${HM}_{k_{i t e r} + 1} = [\begin{matrix} x_{1}^{'} \\ x_{2}^{'} \\ \begin{matrix} . \\ . \\ . \end{matrix} \\ x_{H}^{'} \end{matrix}];$ but ${H M}_{k_{i t e r} + 1} = [\begin{matrix} x_{1}^{'} \\ x_{2}^{'} \\ \begin{matrix} . \\ . \\ . \end{matrix} \\ x_{h}^{'} \end{matrix}];$

步骤(6)，按照下式调整音调微调概率和音调微调带宽 ${BW}_{k_{i t e r} + 1} :$ Step (6), adjust the pitch fine-tuning probability according to the following formula and tone trim bandwidth ${BW}_{k_{i t e r} + 1} :$

${PAR PAR}_{{k k}_{i i t t e e r r} + + 11} = = {PAR PAR}_{m m i i n no} + + \frac{{PAR PAR}_{m m a a x x} - - {PAR PAR}_{m m i i n no}}{I I M m} * * {k k}_{i i t t e e r r}$

${BW BW}_{{k k}_{i i t t e e r r} + + 11} = = {BW BW}_{m m a a x x} exp exp ((\frac{ln ln (({BW BW}_{m m i i n no} / / {BW BW}_{m m a a x x}))}{I I M m} * * {k k}_{i i t t e e r r}))$

步骤(7)，新的和声矩阵的每个行向量进行一次含UPFC的潮流计算，根据潮流计算结果求得每个行向量的适应值并将和声矩阵和合并成大小为2H的 Step (7), new harmony matrix Perform a power flow calculation with UPFC for each row vector, and obtain the fitness value of each row vector according to the result of the power flow calculation and the harmony matrix and merged into a size of 2H

步骤(8)，通过蚁群系统在大小为2H的和声矩阵中优选出大小为H的和声矩阵具体如下：Step (8), through the ant colony system in the size of the harmony matrix of 2H A harmony matrix of size H is selected from the middle details as follows:

信息素溶度更新： $ψ_{i}^{k_{i t e r} + 1} = {pψ}_{i}^{k_{i t e r}} + {Δψ}_{i}^{k_{i t e r}};$ Pheromone Solubility Update: $ψ_{i}^{k_{i t e r} + 1} = {pψ}_{i}^{k_{i t e r}} + {Δψ}_{i}^{k_{i t e r}};$

其中 ${Δψ}_{i}^{k_{i t e r}} = \{\begin{matrix} \frac{t}{{ed}_{i}}, & i f & {LCC}_{k i t e r + 1} (x_{i}) > {LCC}_{k i t e r} (x_{i}) \\ 0, & o t h e r w i s e \end{matrix},$ ed_i是和每个行向量的欧拉距离；in ${Δψ}_{i}^{k_{i t e r}} = \{\begin{matrix} \frac{t}{{ed}_{i}}, & i f & {LCC}_{k i t e r + 1} (x_{i}) > {LCC}_{k i t e r} (x_{i}) \\ 0, & o t h e r w i the s e \end{matrix},$ ed _i is and Euler distance for each row vector;

根据求得的信息素溶度，求得概率状态转移大小 According to the obtained pheromone solubility, obtain the probability state transition size

${PST PST}_{i i}^{{k k}_{i i t t e e r r} + + 11} = = \frac{{[[{ψ ψ}_{i i}^{{k k}_{i i t t e e r r} + + 11}]]}^{α α} {[[{LCC LCC}_{{k k}_{i i t t e e r r} + + 11} (({x x}_{i i}))]]}^{β β}}{{Σ Σ}_{i i = = 11}^{H h} {[[{ψ ψ}_{i i}^{{k k}_{i i t t e e r r} + + 11}]]}^{α α} {[[{LCC LCC}_{{k k}_{i i t t e e r r} + + 11} (({x x}_{i i}))]]}^{β β}}$

根据优选出大小为H的和声矩阵 according to Optimizing the harmony matrix of size H

步骤(9)，判断迭代次数是否大于最大创作次数K_max，若大于，则退出，并输出计算不收敛的结果，即得到UPFC配置参数；若不大于最大创作次数K_max，则置迭代次数k_iter值加1，返回步骤(5)。Step (9), judge whether the number of iterations is greater than the maximum number of creations K _max , if it is greater, then exit, and output the result that the calculation does not converge, that is, obtain the UPFC configuration parameters; if it is not greater than the maximum number of creations K _max , set the number of iterations k Add 1 to the _iter value and return to step (5).

以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and what described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrates the principles of the present invention, and the present invention will also have other functions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Variations and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The UPFC optimal configuration method based on the life cycle cost is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,

step (1), the UPFC device is accessed to a power grid, a UPFC optimal configuration model based on the whole life cycle cost is established according to a steady-state model of the UPFC device, as shown in a formula (1),

optimized object min.LCC (x)

Constraint h (x) 0 (1)

LCC (x) is the life cycle cost, and minP_g、Q_RRespectively the active power and the reactive power generated by the generator, theta and V respectively are the phase angle and the amplitude of the node voltage, k_c、Respectively an amplitude control parameter, a phase angle control parameter, Q of the UPFC controllable voltage source_shThe reactive control parameter is a UPFC; h (x) is an equality constraint condition which is a power balance equation of the alternating current system; g (x) is inequality constraint condition, including voltage amplitude and phase angle of AC system, line transmission power constraint, amplitude parameter and phase angle control parameter of controllable voltage source of UPFC,gis the lower limit of the inequality constraint,is the upper limit of the inequality constraint condition;

step (2), acquiring network parameters of the power system;

step (3), setting tone fine-tuning probability of harmony search algorithmTone fine tuning bandwidthHarmony matrix size H, harmony matrix value probability HMCR, relative importance degree alpha of pheromone information, relative importance degree beta of heuristic information, pheromone volatilization coefficient p, constant t and maximum creation times K_maxThe discrete variable to be optimized is the UPFC installation positionUPFC capacityNumber of iterations k_iter0, an initial harmony matrix is randomly generated according to equation (2)

Wherein, the number of the ith variable to be optimized in the jth population is represented by subscript n, and the number of the population is represented by superscript H;

step (4), the harmony matrix is obtainedEach row vector carries out load flow calculation containing UPFC once, and calculates the adaptive value of each row vector

Step (5), generating a new harmony matrix

Step (6), adjusting the tone fine-tuning probabilityAnd pitch trimming bandwidth

Step (7)New harmony matrixEach row vector carries out load flow calculation containing UPFC once, and calculates the adaptive value of each row vectorAnd will harmony matrixAndmerging into harmony matrix of size 2H

Step (8), harmony matrix with size of 2H through ant colony systemPreferably selects the harmony matrix with the size of H

Step (9), judging whether the iteration times are larger than the maximum creation times K_maxIf the UPFC installation position n is greater than the UPFC installation position n, exiting and outputting the UPFC configuration parameters_pUPFC controllable voltage source amplitude parameter k_cUPFC controllable voltage source phase angle parameterUPFC reactive power control parameter Q_sh(ii) a If not more than the maximum creation times K_maxThen, the number of iterations k is set_iterAnd (5) adding 1 to the value and returning to the step.

2. The full life cycle cost based UPFC optimal configuration method of claim 1, wherein: and (2) acquiring network parameters of the power system, including bus serial number, name, negative active power, load reactive power, compensation capacitor, branch number of the power transmission line, serial resistance, serial reactance, parallel conductance, parallel susceptance, transformer transformation ratio and impedance, generator active power output, reactive upper and lower limits and economic parameters.