CN104865445A - Power battery inner resistance detection method and power battery health degree diagnosis method - Google Patents
Power battery inner resistance detection method and power battery health degree diagnosis method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power battery inner resistance detection method and a power battery health degree diagnosis method. In the power battery inner resistance detection method, the maximal current value, the minimal current value, the maximal voltage value and the minimal voltage value of the power battery within a specified time are detected or extracted, a current difference value between the maximal current value and the minimal current value and a voltage difference value between the maximal voltage value and the minimal voltage value are calculated, and the battery inner resistance is calculated by using dividing the voltage difference value by the current difference value. Then, according to the battery inner resistance calculation result, the battery health degree is diagnosed. The battery inner resistance can be accurately calculated, reliability is high, the inner resistance of the power battery can be truly, effectively and stably obtained during a driving process, and power battery health degree diagnosis can be reliably carried out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric automobile or hybrid power automobile battery detection technique field, particularly relate to a kind of electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method and electrokinetic cell health degree diagnostic method.
Background technology
The internal resistance of battery is the determinative of power brick available horsepower, thus is also the determinative that SOH judges (battery health degree judges, State Of Health).For EV (electric automobile), the life-span of available battery remaining power and internal resistance of cell synthetic determination battery, and for HEV (hybrid vehicle), only table look-up with the internal resistance of battery in a lot of algorithm and just can provide the judgement in life-span.So the internal resistance calculating on-vehicle battery has vital meaning for the determination of available horsepower and the judgement in life-span.In addition, SOC (state-of-charge) is calculated for battery circuit equivalent model, calculates internal resistance true and reliablely and be also absolutely necessary.
The internal resistance of cell is a time dependent gradual change amount, and change is slowly, thus the internal resistance at every turn calculated not should difference too large, otherwise be exactly that problem has appearred in calculating.
At present, vehicle mounted dynamic battery internal resistance remains continues to use battery on testboard bay, carries out the method that HPPC (mixed pulses power characteristic) tests, namely by BMS (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, battery management system), before and after the work period, the ratio of voltage difference and current differential calculates the internal resistance of cell.There is following shortcoming in said method:
The 1.BMS work period is very short, and voltage difference and current differential change all very little, carries out calculating can amplify collection and the error of calculation by this very little difference;
2. electricity may be inconsistent in pressure sensor and current sensor response speed, and the time delay etc. of voltage verses current response, can make the internal resistance calculated be false;
3. the internal resistance calculated is very unstable, runs counter to the principle of internal resistance gradual change;
4. detect in the process that cannot travel at vehicle.
Therefore, wish that a kind of electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method overcomes or at least alleviates the above-mentioned defect of prior art.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method to overcome or at least alleviate the one or more defects in the above-mentioned defect of prior art.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method, in described electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method, detect or extract electrokinetic cell current maxima at the appointed time, current minimum, voltage max and voltage minimum, current differential between calculating current maximal value and current minimum, the voltage difference between voltage max and voltage minimum, calculate the internal resistance of cell with described voltage difference divided by described current differential.
Preferably, described voltage comprises bag voltage, module voltage and/or monomer voltage.Be understandable that, detecting the internal resistance of cell obtained is correspondingly the internal resistance of power brick, battery module and/or cell.
Preferably, in the process detecting cell current value and battery voltage value, the data of cell current value and battery voltage value are preserved in groups, there is time delay between the cell current value preserved in groups and battery voltage value, and described time delay corresponds to the time delay of voltage responsive current excitation.
Preferably, in the process detecting cell current value and battery voltage value, the data of cell current value and battery voltage value are preserved in groups, delay demarcated value Δ t is there is between the cell current value preserved in groups and battery voltage value, namely there is delay demarcated value Δ t between electric current I (t) and voltage U (t), I (t-Δ t) and U (t) is corresponding in groups to be preserved.
Preferably, store with the matrix of the capable q row of p and detect cell current value and battery voltage value, every a line of matrix stores the current value in corresponding moment, and the bag voltage in a upper moment, module voltage and/or monomer voltage, p is the number of sense cycle, wherein, described stipulated time=Δ t*p.
Preferably, I (t-Δ t) and U (t) in chronological sequence enters matrix, first in first out line by line, and each sense cycle upgrades a matrix.
Preferably, if Δ I (t) is not more than calibration value Δ Imin, then current R (t)=R (t-1), if Δ I (t) is greater than calibration value Δ Imin, and Δ I (t) is unequal with Δ I (t-1), then calculate R (t)=Δ U (t)/Δ I (t) of current time.
The present invention also provides a kind of electrokinetic cell health degree diagnostic method, and described electrokinetic cell health degree diagnostic method comprises the steps:
Battery health degree improper value is set to initial value;
The internal resistance of cell is detected with electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method as above;
If the electrokinetic cell internal resistance obtained is greater than calibration value, then battery health degree improper value increases, otherwise battery health degree improper value reduces; And
Judge whether battery health degree improper value reaches the improper value upper limit of setting, if reached, carry out battery health degree and report an error.
Preferably, when battery charge state is positioned at setting regions, start to carry out the diagnosis of electrokinetic cell health degree.
Preferably, the lower limit of battery health degree improper value is zero, and after battery health degree improper value reaches lower limit, battery health degree improper value no longer reduces.
Electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method described in the invention and there is its health degree diagnostic method, by the maxima and minima of the electric current in the acquisition battery stipulated time, voltage, by the mathematic interpolation internal resistance of cell of the two, and diagnose battery health degree according to the result of calculation of the internal resistance of cell, realize the accurate monitoring to battery status thus, thus judge battery health degree, to guarantee the normal use of battery.And this kind of method is suitable for detecting in the driving process of vehicle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram carrying out electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection and the diagnosis of electrokinetic cell health degree according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the data structure schematic diagram of the matrix of storage battery electric current, magnitude of voltage in method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For making object of the invention process, technical scheme and advantage clearly, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is further described in more detail.In the accompanying drawings, same or similar label represents same or similar element or has element that is identical or similar functions from start to finish.Described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Be exemplary below by the embodiment be described with reference to the drawings, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not limitation of the present invention be interpreted as.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described in detail.
In describing the invention; it will be appreciated that; term " " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end " " interior ", " outward " etc. instruction orientation or position relationship be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship; be only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization; instead of instruction or imply indication device or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention.
In electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method according to the present invention, detect or extract electrokinetic cell current maxima at the appointed time, current minimum, voltage max and voltage minimum, current differential between calculating current maximal value and current minimum, the voltage difference between voltage max and voltage minimum, calculate the internal resistance of cell with described voltage difference divided by described current differential.
It is pointed out that the described stipulated time is a time period of being significantly longer than the BMS work period.Such as, the described stipulated time is 10 times, 20 times, 50 times or the longer time of BMS work period.In a preferred embodiment, the described stipulated time is more than or equal to 20 times of BMS work period.Be understandable that, it is the integral multiple of BMS work period that the described stipulated time is non-essential.Within this kind of time cycle, the difference between the maxima and minima of electric current, significantly will inevitably be greater than the change of current value before and after the BMS work period.Thus the problem that the error can eliminating the internal resistance final calculation result caused because used current variation value is too little is exaggerated.And due to be not adopt pulse mode measure, without the need to using special testboard bay or HPPC equipment.Making it possible to the detection carrying out internal resistance in the process travelled at vehicle.
Described voltage comprises bag voltage, module voltage and/or monomer voltage.Be understandable that, detecting the internal resistance of cell obtained is correspondingly the internal resistance of power brick, battery module and/or cell.That is, can detect required internal resistance, such as, can the internal resistance of the whole power brick of independent measurement or the internal resistance of cell, also can detect the internal resistance of the internal resistance of whole power brick and the respective of some cell simultaneously.
Advantageously, in the process detecting cell current value and battery voltage value, the data of cell current value and battery voltage value are preserved in groups, there is time delay between the cell current value preserved in groups and battery voltage value, and described time delay corresponds to the time delay of voltage responsive current excitation.If the time delay of voltage responsive current excitation is zero, then the time delay between the cell current value preserved in groups and battery voltage value is also zero.
Be understandable that, in continuous print detects (each detection internal resistance detected with last time and only differs the very short time, i.e. sense cycle), the change of adjacent twice voltage measurements is less.Like this, when considering above-mentioned corresponding delay at the same time, a delay demarcated value Δ t can be set.Using this delay demarcated value Δ t as sense cycle.In the process detecting cell current value and battery voltage value, the data of cell current value and battery voltage value are preserved in groups, delay demarcated value Δ t is there is between the cell current value preserved in groups and battery voltage value, namely there is delay demarcated value Δ t between electric current I (t) and voltage U (t), I (t-Δ t) and U (t) is corresponding in groups to be preserved.
For the ease of computing and process, matrix is adopted to store the above-mentioned cell current value preserved in groups and battery voltage value.In a preferred embodiment, store with the matrix of the capable q row of p and detect cell current value and battery voltage value, every a line of matrix stores the current value in corresponding moment, and the bag voltage in a upper moment, module voltage and/or monomer voltage, p is the number of sense cycle, wherein, described stipulated time=Δ t*p.Such as, the numerical value of q is 20, a corresponding current value, a power brick voltage, and the voltage of 18 cells (can see Fig. 2).
I (t-Δ t) and U (t) in chronological sequence enters matrix, first in first out line by line, and each sense cycle upgrades a matrix.By new electric current, voltage data write matrix, data the earliest in matrix are deleted from matrix.
Preferably, if Δ I (t) is not more than calibration value Δ Imin, then current R (t)=R (t-1).That is, when the numerical value of Δ I (t) is too little, do not carry out internal resistance calculating, to avoid amplifying the error of calculation.
If Δ I (t) is greater than calibration value Δ Imin, and Δ I (t) is unequal with Δ I (t-1), then calculate R (t)=Δ U (t)/Δ I (t) of current time.That is, when Δ I (t) is equal with Δ I (t-1), judges that internal resistance does not change or substantially do not change, do not carry out internal resistance calculating.
Electrokinetic cell health degree diagnostic method according to the present invention comprises the steps:
Battery health degree improper value is set to initial value;
The internal resistance of cell is detected with electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method as above;
If the electrokinetic cell internal resistance obtained is greater than calibration value, then battery health degree improper value increases, otherwise battery health degree improper value reduces; And
Judge whether battery health degree improper value reaches the improper value upper limit of setting, if reached, carry out battery health degree and report an error.
Preferably, when battery charge state is positioned at setting regions [Smin, Smax], start to carry out the diagnosis of electrokinetic cell health degree, such as, Smin=20%, Smax=80%.But more preferably, when battery charge state is positioned at zone line, carry out internal resistance of cell detection and diagnose with health degree, this can be more accurate.Such as, the Smin=30% that zone line is corresponding, Smax=70%; Or Smin=40%, Smax=60%.
Preferably, the lower limit of battery health degree improper value is zero, and after battery health degree improper value reaches lower limit, battery health degree improper value no longer reduces.
Electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method described in the invention and there is its health degree diagnostic method, by the maxima and minima of the electric current in the acquisition battery stipulated time, voltage, by the mathematic interpolation internal resistance of cell of the two, and diagnose battery health degree according to the result of calculation of the internal resistance of cell, realize the accurate monitoring to battery status thus, thus judge battery health degree, to guarantee the normal use of battery.And this kind of method is suitable for detecting in the driving process of vehicle.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram carrying out electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection and the diagnosis of electrokinetic cell health degree according to one embodiment of the invention.Fig. 2 is the data structure schematic diagram of the matrix of storage battery electric current, magnitude of voltage in method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Flow process shown in Fig. 1 is substantially as follows.
1.1 carry out initialization.Matrix M is set as required, for storaging current I (t) and voltage U (t).Voltage can be bag voltage, module voltage and/or monomer voltage.Convenient in order to describe below, I (t) and U (t) is stored as matrix column, but it is pointed out that and also can be stored as row, this is also within protection scope of the present invention.Suppose electric current and voltage always total q amount, the number of computation period is p, then need the matrix arranging a p × q to store data.Computation period also can be understood as sense cycle, i.e. the difference of the start time of adjacent twice measure voltage & current.Data structure is shown in Fig. 2, and wherein t represents current time, the time before the t-n representative system n cycle.
1.2 time delays considering voltage responsive current excitation, pre-set the delay demarcated value count value Δ t between electric current I (t) and voltage U (t).T0 during 1.3 system reset, carries out matrix initialisation with the I (t0) during t0 and U (t0) and obtains M0, if now I and U is unavailable, can carry out initialization with constant.Then I (t-Δ t) and U (t) in chronological sequence enters matrix M, first in first out line by line, upgrades a matrix each program loop.Such as, it is capable that current I (t-Δ t) enters t, and in matrix, existing element down moves a line successively, when I (t-Δ t-n) arrive t-n capable after, this I (t-Δ t-n) is by deleted.
1.4 to have in element at matrix and search current maxima Imax (t) and minimum value Imin (t), the maximal value Umax (t) that all kinds of voltage (bag voltage, module voltage and/or monomer voltage) is respective and minimum value Umax (t).Then Δ I (t)=Imax (t)-Imin (t) is calculated; Δ U (t)=Umax (t)-Umin (t) (be understandable that, Δ U (t) has multiple, corresponding to various selected voltage).Such as, reset t0 to t0+p during this period of time, for searching Imax (t), Imin (t), Umax (t) increases a line with line range each cycle of Umin (t), and t0+p just can search the line range of whole matrix later.
If 1.5 Δs I (t) are not more than calibration value Δ Imin, then current R (t) remains unchanged, and namely equals R (t-1).When t=t0, the value of R (t0) can be taken from the front R value stored of power down.When Δ I (t) is greater than calibration value Δ Imin, then compare Δ I (t) whether equal with Δ I (t-1), if equal, before then judging Δ I (t) value, whether the uninterrupted number of times occurred is greater than p time, if be not more than p time, then R (t)=R (t-1), if be greater than p time, then calculates R (t)=Δ U (t)/Δ I (t) of current time.
If 1.6 Δs I (t) are unequal with Δ I (t-1), calculate R (t)=Δ U (t)/Δ I (t) of current time.
If 1.7 R (t) are taken from R (t-1), do not open health degree diagnosis.Calculate if R (t) is current Δ U (t) and Δ I (t) and obtains, and current SOC is in the scope [Smin, Smax] of demarcation, then open health degree diagnosis.Such as, Smin=20%, Smax=80%.But more preferably, when battery charge state is positioned at zone line, carry out internal resistance of cell detection and diagnose with health degree, this can be more accurate.Such as, the Smin=30% that zone line is corresponding, Smax=70%; Or Smin=40%, Smax=60%.Health degree diagnostic mode is as follows: battery health degree improper value is set to initial value, if R (t) is greater than calibration value, then health degree improper value Verr increases Ce, otherwise health degree improper value Verr reduces Cr.Ce and Cr can be identical value, also can be different values.Described initial value can be arranged with mathematical model as the case may be.Such as, can be set to 50, the value that single increases and reduces is 1.The upper limit of demarcating is 100, and lower limit is 0.After battery health degree improper value reaches lower limit, battery health degree improper value no longer reduces.1.8 upper limits reaching demarcation as Verr then report health degree mistake.
The above embodiment of the present invention utilizes matrix storaging current and voltage, asks for maximum voltage difference and maximum current in the instant time period poor, and carries out the algorithm of internal resistance calculating, and considers the time delay of voltage verses current excitation when calculating internal resistance when driving.Only have and just carry out internal resistance calculating when current excitation is greater than threshold value, the SOC section of mediating just is carried out the internal resistance of cell and is diagnosed effective thought to health degree, confirm that internal resistance R diagnoses after upgrading again, ensure the accuracy of result of calculation, take into full account the response characteristic of the voltage verses current of battery, truly, effectively, stably can calculate the internal resistance of battery in driving conditions, and reliably diagnose.
Finally it is to be noted: above embodiment only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, is not intended to limit.Although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (10)
1. an electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method, it is characterized in that, detect or extract electrokinetic cell current maxima at the appointed time, current minimum, voltage max and voltage minimum, current differential between calculating current maximal value and current minimum, the voltage difference between voltage max and voltage minimum, calculate the internal resistance of cell with described voltage difference divided by described current differential.
2. electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described voltage comprises bag voltage, module voltage and/or monomer voltage.
3. electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in the process detecting cell current value and battery voltage value, the data of cell current value and battery voltage value are preserved in groups, there is time delay between the cell current value preserved in groups and battery voltage value, described time delay corresponds to the time delay of voltage responsive current excitation.
4. electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in the process detecting cell current value and battery voltage value, the data of cell current value and battery voltage value are preserved in groups, delay demarcated value Δ t is there is between the cell current value preserved in groups and battery voltage value, namely there is delay demarcated value Δ t between electric current I (t) and voltage U (t), I (t-Δ t) and U (t) is corresponding in groups to be preserved.
5. electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, store with the matrix of the capable q row of p and detect cell current value and battery voltage value, every a line of matrix stores the current value in corresponding moment, and the bag voltage in a upper moment, module voltage and/or monomer voltage, p is the number of sense cycle, wherein, described stipulated time=Δ t*p.
6. electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, I (t-Δ t) and U (t) in chronological sequence enters matrix, first in first out line by line, and each sense cycle upgrades a matrix.
7. electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, if Δ I (t) is not more than calibration value Δ Imin, then current R (t)=R (t-1), if Δ I (t) is greater than calibration value Δ Imin, and Δ I (t) is unequal with Δ I (t-1), then calculate R (t)=Δ U (t)/Δ I (t) of current time.
8. an electrokinetic cell health degree diagnostic method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Battery health degree improper value is set to initial value;
The internal resistance of cell is detected with the electrokinetic cell internal resistance detection method according to any one of claim 1 to 7;
If the electrokinetic cell internal resistance obtained is greater than calibration value, then battery health degree improper value increases, otherwise battery health degree improper value reduces; And
Judge whether battery health degree improper value reaches the improper value upper limit of setting, if reached, carry out battery health degree and report an error.
9. electrokinetic cell health degree diagnostic method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, when battery charge state is positioned at setting regions, start to carry out the diagnosis of electrokinetic cell health degree.
10. the electrokinetic cell health degree diagnostic method according to any one of claim 8 to 9, is characterized in that, the lower limit of battery health degree improper value is zero, and after battery health degree improper value reaches lower limit, battery health degree improper value no longer reduces.
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