CN104852797B - The photon state of polarization auto compensation method of the bit error rate and uncertain rate joint feedback - Google Patents

The photon state of polarization auto compensation method of the bit error rate and uncertain rate joint feedback Download PDF

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CN104852797B
CN104852797B CN201510228202.6A CN201510228202A CN104852797B CN 104852797 B CN104852797 B CN 104852797B CN 201510228202 A CN201510228202 A CN 201510228202A CN 104852797 B CN104852797 B CN 104852797B
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polarization state
compensation
real
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receiving terminal
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CN104852797A (en
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周华
朱勇
苏洋
赵继勇
徐智勇
武欣嵘
何敏
王艺敏
吴传信
王衍波
项鹏
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PLA University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

A kind of photon state of polarization auto compensation method of the bit error rate and uncertain rate joint feedback, quantum key distribution system announces N positions in the primary key that length is M and is used to count the bit error rate every time, wherein N is much smaller than M, N' positions puppet key is announced in effective detection sequence where primary key to be used to count uncertain rate, the photon polarization state of receiving terminal is estimated in Poincar é balls using the bit error rate and uncertain rate, realizes and compensates two non-orthogonal polarization states simultaneously |+>With | H>.The method of the present invention can carry out accurate compensation in real time in the case where not influenceing quantum key distribution system communication efficiency and distance, do not increase system cost to two non-orthogonal photon polarization states.

Description

The photon state of polarization auto compensation method of the bit error rate and uncertain rate joint feedback
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of photon state of polarization auto compensation technology, especially with the quantum key distribution system of polarization encoder The photon state of polarization auto compensation method of system, specifically a kind of bit error rate and uncertain rate joint feedback.
Background technology
At present, the polarization compensation scheme that known quantum key distribution system uses mainly has bidirectional optical path polarization self-complementary Repay, interrupt compensates, time division multiplexing compensation and wavelength-division multiplex compensate [several polarization compensation skills of fiber optic quantum key distribution system Art, Wang Jian, laser and optoelectronics progress].Based on bidirectional optical path structure Polarization scheme due to being set without outside It is standby, Polarization is realized merely with light channel structure can, but because photon round-trip passes twice through optical fiber so that transmission distance From being limited, system effectiveness is relatively low, and vulnerable.Interrupt polarization compensation is easily achieved, but efficiency is low, will be about using 10% time carries out polarization compensation.The polarization compensation scheme that is time-multiplexed, therefore can because reference light is identical with signal light wavelength To reach accurate compensation to flashlight by compensating reference light, but in order to reduce interference of the reference light to quantum signal, need System is wanted to pay larger cost on the width for improving the precision of synchronizing signal and reduction sonde door pulse.Wavelength-division multiplex polarizes Compensation scheme can avoid the interference of reference light, reduce the bit error rate to a certain extent, have preferable stability, but due to Wavelength is different, and polarization state develops also different, it is difficult to accurate compensation is realized to flashlight according to reference light, especially by an electricity Dynamic Polarization Controller can only compensate two nonopiate polarization states of quantum key distribution system as much as possible.Therefore, existing quantum The polarization compensation method of key distribution system can not be in the case where taking into account efficiency, distance and cost to two non-orthogonal photons Polarization state is accurately compensated.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to overcome the polarization compensation method of existing quantum key distribution system can not take into account effect The deficiency accurately compensated two non-orthogonal photon polarization states in the case of rate, distance and cost, the present invention propose one The photon state of polarization auto compensation method of the kind bit error rate and uncertain rate joint feedback.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of photon state of polarization auto compensation method of bit error rate and uncertain rate joint feedback, it comprises the following steps：
The photon polarization state that quantum key distribution system it is expected to receive is represented with a point on Poincar é balls, in real time Polarization state is with it is expected that the angle of polarization state just corresponds to the current bit error rate, the folder of real-time polarization state and desired nonopiate polarization state Angle just corresponds to current uncertain rate；
Photon polarization state is to the bit error rate of itself polarization state when counting transmitting terminal and receiving terminal to base success, in Poincar é Real-time polarization state is navigated into the relative angle for it is expected polarization state on ball to correspond on the circle of the foregoing bit error rate；
Statistics transmitting terminal and receiving terminal when failing to base photon polarization state to the uncertain rate of desired nonopiate polarization state, Two points for further navigating to real-time polarization state on foregoing circle on Poincar é balls；
Both of the aforesaid point is all equal, random selection one to the angle of expectation polarization state and desired nonopiate polarization state Individual point carries out exploratory compensation as real-time polarization state, if the bit error rate reduces, can determine that selection is correct, conversely, another point It is real-time polarization state；
According to the real-time polarization state of judgement, polarized controller is adjusted according to general method, is realized to quantum key point The compensation of hair system photon polarization state.
In the present invention, quantum key distribution system announces N positions in the primary key that length is M and is used to count error code every time Rate, wherein N are much smaller than M, and N positions puppet key is announced in effective detection sequence where primary key and is used to count uncertain rate, The photon polarization state of receiving terminal is estimated in Poincar é balls using the bit error rate and uncertain rate, realizes that compensation two is nonopiate simultaneously Polarization state |+>With | H>, specifically include following steps：
(a), the receiving terminal of quantum key distribution system length be M primary key where effective detection sequence in Machine selects result of detection of the N ' positions to base failure, referred to as pseudo- key, is disclosed by classical channel to transmitting terminal, wherein N ' >=N；
(b), by non-orthogonal two polarization states |+>With | H>It is respectively labeled as A and B；
(c), by A, corresponding point is designated as A on Poincar é balls0, A0It is expectation polarization states of the A in receiving terminal, B is existed Corresponding point is designated as B on Poincar é balls0, B0It is expectation polarization states of the B in receiving terminal, A0With B0Angle, i.e. relevant radii Angle, span are (0, π)；
(d), in disclosed N-bit key, the bit error rate for counting A is EA；
(e) circle C, is made on Poincar é ballsESo that circle CEOn point and A0The cosine value of half-angle of angle be (1- EA) positive square root；
(f), in disclosed N ' positions puppet key, statistics transmitting terminal is encoded to A but receiving terminal detects the probability for being B, i.e. A phases To B uncertain rate, U is designated asA；
(g) circle C, is made on Poincar é ballsUSo that circle CUOn point and B0The cosine value of half-angle of angle be UA Positive square root；
(h), by CEIt is designated as CEA, by CUIt is designated as CUA, then by non-orthogonal polarization state |+>With | H>B and A are respectively labeled as, Repeat step (c)~(g), it will obtain CEIt is designated as CEB, by CUIt is designated as CUB；
(i), judge real-time polarization state according to following situations, take general method to adjust polarized controller, realization pair The compensation of quantum key distribution system photon polarization state：
If CEAWith CUA、CEBWith CUBOnly have 1 intersection point, then put the two as A in the real-time inclined of receiving terminal Polarization state A1With B receiving terminal real-time polarization state B1Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation；
If CEAWith CUAThere are 1 intersection point, CEBWith CUBThere are 2 intersection points, then first by CEAWith CUAIntersection point as A in receiving terminal Real-time polarization state A1, then to CEBWith CUB2 intersection points carry out exploratory compensation and judge real-time polarization states of the B in receiving terminal B1, exploratory compensation is then removed, according to selected A1And B1Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation；
If CEAWith CUAThere are 1 intersection point, CEBWith CUBThere is no intersection point, then first by CEAWith CUAIntersection point as A in receiving terminal Real-time polarization state A1, then in CEBWith CUBOn take 2 nearest points of mutual distance, therefrom choose and A1Angle closest to straight The real-time polarization state B put as B in receiving terminal at angle1, according to selected A1And B1Compensate, it is next to then go to (a) progress Wheel compensation；
If CEAWith CUA、CEBWith CUBThere are 2 intersection points, then two first larger to bit error rate points carry out exploratory compensation To judge a real-time polarization state A1Or B1, the A that then selects and have determined that from less two points of the bit error rate1Or B1Folder Angle closest to right angle point as another real-time polarization state B1Or A1, exploratory compensation is then removed, according to selected A1And B1 Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation；
If CEAWith CUAThere are 2 intersection points, CEBWith CUBThere is 1 intersection point, then first by CEBWith CUBIntersection point as B in receiving terminal Real-time polarization state B1, then to CEAWith CUA2 intersection points carry out exploratory compensation and judge real-time polarization states of the A in receiving terminal A1, exploratory compensation is then removed, according to selected A1And B1Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation；
If CEAWith CUAThere are 2 intersection points, CEBWith CUBThere is no intersection point, then first to CEAWith CUA2 intersection points using exploratory Compensate to judge A real-time polarization state A1, then in CEBWith CUBOn take 2 nearest points of mutual distance, therefrom choose and A1's The real-time polarization state B that puts as B in receiving terminal of the angle closest to right angle1, exploratory compensation is then removed, according to selected A1 And B1Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation；
If CEAWith CUA、CEBWith CUBThere is no intersection point, now two groups of circles respectively have the nearest point of 2 mutual distances, then first select Take mutual distance closer to be located at CEAOr CEBOn that point be used as a real-time polarization state A1Or B1, it is then mutual from another group The A for selecting and having determined that in 2 closest points1Or B1Angle closest to right angle point as another real-time polarization state B1Or A1, according to selected A1And B1Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation；
If CEAWith CUAThere is no intersection point, CEBWith CUBThere is 1 intersection point, then by CEBWith CUBIntersection point as B in receiving terminal Real-time polarization state B1, then in CEAWith CUAOn take 2 nearest points of mutual distance, therefrom selection and B1Angle closest to right angle Point as A receiving terminal real-time polarization state A1, according to selected A1And B1Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round Compensation；
If CEAWith CUAThere is no intersection point, CEBWith CUBThere are 2 intersection points, then first to CEBWith CUB2 intersection points using exploratory Compensate to judge B real-time polarization state B1, then in CEAWith CUAOn take 2 nearest points of mutual distance, therefrom choose and B1's The real-time polarization state A that puts as A in receiving terminal of the angle closest to right angle1, exploratory compensation is then removed, according to selected A1 And B1Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation.
In the present invention, 2 intersection points are carried out with exploratory compensation and judges that the method for real-time polarization state is to randomly select 1 intersection point Compensated to the midpoint of 2 intersection points, if the bit error rate of the polarization state reduces, the point for judging to choose is real-time polarization state, conversely, Then judge another point for real-time polarization state.
In the present invention, the method for removing exploratory compensation is the shape for reverting to polarization compensation device before exploratory compensation State.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The method of the present invention can not influence quantum key distribution system communication efficiency and distance, not increase system cost In the case of two non-orthogonal photon polarization states are carried out with accurate compensation in real time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Poincar é spherical structure schematic diagrames of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in figure 1, quantum key distribution system it is expected the photon polarization state of reception with Poincar é balls by the present invention A point represent that real-time polarization state is with it is expected that the angle of polarization state just corresponds to the current bit error rate, real-time polarization state and expectation The angle of nonopiate polarization state just correspond to current uncertain rate.Photon during by counting transmitting terminal and receiving terminal to base success Real-time polarization state is navigated to the relative folder for it is expected polarization state by polarization state to the bit error rate of itself polarization state on Poincar é balls Angle is corresponded on the circle of the foregoing bit error rate.Photon polarization state is to desired anon-normal when being failed by counting transmitting terminal and receiving terminal to base Hand over the uncertain rate of polarization state, two points for further navigating to real-time polarization state on foregoing circle on Poincar é balls.This The angle of two points to expectation polarization state and desired nonopiate polarization state is all equal.One point of random selection is as real-time Polarization state carries out exploratory compensation, if the bit error rate reduces, can determine that selection is correct, conversely, another point is real-time polarization State.According to the real-time polarization state of judgement, polarized controller is adjusted according to general method, so that it may realize to quantum key distribution The compensation of system photon polarization state.
During specific implementation：
Using the quantum key distribution system of BB84 agreements, encoded with two groups of linear polarizations, be respectively 0 ° and 90 °, 45 ° and 135 °, it is seen that be non-orthogonal between two groups of polarization states, and be orthogonal between every group of two polarization states.Such quantum is close Key dissemination system carries out polarization compensation, two non-orthogonal polarization states, such as 0 ° and 45 ° is compensated simultaneously, Fig. 1's On Poincar é balls, 0 ° of corresponding points A0, 45 ° of corresponding points B0。
In length it is that quantum key that key length disclosed in M primary key is N (be much smaller than M) divides when assessing the bit error rate Hair system, the photon state of polarization auto compensation method of feedback is combined using the bit error rate and uncertain rate, while compensation two is non-orthogonal 0 ° and 45 ° of polarization state, comprises the following steps：
(a), receiving terminal selects N ' positions in effective detection sequence where length is M primary key and base is failed at random Result of detection, referred to as pseudo- key, disclosed by classical channel to transmitting terminal；
(b) A, is labeled as by 0 °, B is labeled as by 45 °；
(c), by A, corresponding point is designated as A on Poincar é balls0, A0It is expectation polarization states of the A in receiving terminal, B is existed Corresponding point is designated as B on Poincar é balls0, B0It is expectation polarization states of the B in receiving terminal, A0With B0Angle, i.e. relevant radii Angle, span are (0, π)；
(d), in disclosed N-bit key, the bit error rate for counting A is EA；
(e) circle C, is made on Poincar é ballsESo that CEOn point and A0The cosine value of half-angle of angle be (1-EA) Positive square root；
(f), in disclosed N ' positions puppet key, statistics transmitting terminal is encoded to A but receiving terminal detects the probability for being B, i.e. A phases To B uncertain rate, U is designated asA；
(g) circle C, is made on Poincar é ballsUSo that CUOn point and B0The cosine value of half-angle of angle be UAJust Square root；
(h), by CEIt is designated as CEA, by CUIt is designated as CUA, B then is labeled as by 0 °, A is labeled as by 45 °, repeat step (c)~ (g) C that, will be obtainedEIt is designated as CEB, the C that will obtainUIt is designated as CUB, as shown in Figure 1；
(i), because CEAWith CUA、CEBWith CUBThere are 2 intersection points, and CEBThe corresponding bit error rate is larger, so first to CEBWith CUB2 intersection points carry out exploratory compensation and judge the real-time polarization state B of receiving terminal1, then from CEAWith CUA2 intersection points in The B for selecting and having determined that1Angle closest to right angle point as another real-time polarization state A1, exploratory compensation is then removed, According to selected A1And B1Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation；
The present invention is to CEBWith CUB2 intersection points carry out it is exploratory compensation judge real-time polarization state method be：Randomly select 1 intersection point compensates to the midpoint of 2 intersection points, if the bit error rate reduces, the point for judging to choose is real-time polarization state, conversely, then Judge another point for real-time polarization state.
Part that the present invention does not relate to is same as the prior art or can be realized using prior art.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of photon state of polarization auto compensation method of bit error rate and uncertain rate joint feedback, it is characterised in that including following step Suddenly：
The photon polarization state that quantum key distribution system it is expected to receive is represented with a point on Poincar é balls, real-time polarization State is with it is expected that the angle of polarization state just corresponds to the current bit error rate, and the angle of real-time polarization state and desired nonopiate polarization state is just Corresponding current uncertain rate；
Photon polarization state is to the bit error rate of itself polarization state when counting transmitting terminal and receiving terminal to base success, on Poincar é balls Real-time polarization state is navigated into the relative angle for it is expected polarization state to correspond on the circle of the foregoing bit error rate；
Statistics transmitting terminal and receiving terminal when failing to base photon polarization state to the uncertain rate of desired nonopiate polarization state, Two points for further navigating to real-time polarization state on foregoing circle on Poincar é balls；
Both of the aforesaid point is all equal to the angle of expectation polarization state and desired nonopiate polarization state, randomly chooses a point Exploratory compensation is carried out as real-time polarization state, if the bit error rate reduces, can determine that selection is correct, conversely, another point is Real-time polarization state；
According to the real-time polarization state of judgement, polarized controller is adjusted according to general method, is realized to quantum key distribution system The compensation for photon polarization state of uniting；
Wherein；Quantum key distribution system announces N positions in the primary key that length is M and is used to count the bit error rate, wherein N every time Much smaller than M, N positions puppet key is announced in effective detection sequence where primary key and is used to count uncertain rate, utilizes error code Rate and uncertain rate are in the photon polarization state of Poincar é balls estimation receiving terminal, two non-orthogonal polarization states of realization while compensation |+>With | H>, specifically include following steps：
(a), the receiving terminal of quantum key distribution system is chosen at random in effective detection sequence where length is M primary key N ' positions are selected referred to as pseudo- key, to disclose, wherein N ' >=N the result of detection of base failure to transmitting terminal by classical channel；
(b), by non-orthogonal two polarization states |+>With | H>It is respectively labeled as A and B；
(c), by A, corresponding point is designated as A on Poincar é balls0, A0It is expectation polarization states of the A in receiving terminal, by B in Poincar Corresponding point is designated as B on é balls0, B0It is expectation polarization states of the B in receiving terminal, A0With B0Angle, i.e. relevant radii angle, take It is (0, π) to be worth scope；
(d), in disclosed N-bit key, the bit error rate for counting A is EA；
(e) circle C, is made on Poincar é ballsESo that circle CEOn point and A0The cosine value of half-angle of angle be (1-EA) Positive square root；
(f), in disclosed N ' positions puppet key, it is B probability that statistics transmitting terminal, which is encoded to A but receiving terminal detection, i.e., A is with respect to B Uncertain rate, be designated as UA；
(g) circle C, is made on Poincar é ballsUSo that circle CUOn point and B0The cosine value of half-angle of angle be UAIt is just flat Root；
(h), by CEIt is designated as CEA, by CUIt is designated as CUA, then by non-orthogonal polarization state |+>With | H>B and A are respectively labeled as, is repeated Step (c)~(g), it will obtain CEIt is designated as CEB, by CUIt is designated as CUB；
(i), judge real-time polarization state according to following situations, take general method to adjust polarized controller, realize to quantum The compensation of key distribution system photon polarization state：
If CEAWith CUA、CEBWith CUBOnly have 1 intersection point, then the two are put to the real-time polarization state as A in receiving terminal A1With B receiving terminal real-time polarization state B1Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation；
If CEAWith CUAThere are 1 intersection point, CEBWith CUBThere are 2 intersection points, then first by CEAWith CUAIntersection point as A receiving terminal reality When polarization state A1, then to CEBWith CUB2 intersection points carry out exploratory compensation and judge real-time polarization state Bs of the B in receiving terminal1, Then exploratory compensation is removed, according to selected A1And B1Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation；
If CEAWith CUAThere are 1 intersection point, CEBWith CUBThere is no intersection point, then first by CEAWith CUAIntersection point as A receiving terminal reality When polarization state A1, then in CEBWith CUBOn take 2 nearest points of mutual distance, therefrom choose and A1Angle closest to right angle Put the real-time polarization state B in receiving terminal as B1, according to selected A1And B1Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round benefit Repay；
If CEAWith CUA、CEBWith CUBThere are 2 intersection points, then two first larger to bit error rate points carry out exploratory compensation to sentence A fixed real-time polarization state A1Or B1, the A that then selects and have determined that from less two points of the bit error rate1Or B1Angle most Close to right angle point as another real-time polarization state B1Or A1, exploratory compensation is then removed, according to selected A1And B1Carry out Compensation, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation；
If CEAWith CUAThere are 2 intersection points, CEBWith CUBThere is 1 intersection point, then first by CEBWith CUBIntersection point as B receiving terminal reality When polarization state B1, then to CEAWith CUA2 intersection points carry out exploratory compensation and judge real-time polarization state As of the A in receiving terminal1, Then exploratory compensation is removed, according to selected A1And B1Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation；
If CEAWith CUAThere are 2 intersection points, CEBWith CUBThere is no intersection point, then first to CEAWith CUA2 intersection points use exploratory compensation To judge A real-time polarization state A1, then in CEBWith CUBOn take 2 nearest points of mutual distance, therefrom choose and A1Angle Closest to the real-time polarization state B put as B in receiving terminal at right angle1, exploratory compensation is then removed, according to selected A1And B1 Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation；
If CEAWith CUA、CEBWith CUBThere is no intersection point, now two groups of circles respectively have the nearest point of 2 mutual distances, then first choose phase Mutual edge distance closer to be located at CEAOr CEBOn that point be used as a real-time polarization state A1Or B1, then from another group of mutual distance The A for selecting and having determined that in 2 nearest points1Or B1Angle closest to right angle point as another real-time polarization state B1Or A1, according to selected A1And B1Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation；
If CEAWith CUAThere is no intersection point, CEBWith CUBThere is 1 intersection point, then by CEBWith CUBIntersection point as B in the real-time of receiving terminal Polarization state B1, then in CEAWith CUAOn take 2 nearest points of mutual distance, therefrom selection and B1Angle closest to right angle point As A receiving terminal real-time polarization state A1, according to selected A1And B1Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round benefit Repay；
If CEAWith CUAThere is no intersection point, CEBWith CUBThere are 2 intersection points, then first to CEBWith CUB2 intersection points use exploratory compensation To judge B real-time polarization state B1, then in CEAWith CUAOn take 2 nearest points of mutual distance, therefrom choose and B1Angle Closest to the real-time polarization state A put as A in receiving terminal at right angle1, exploratory compensation is then removed, according to selected A1And B1 Compensate, then go to (a) and carry out next round compensation.
2. the photon state of polarization auto compensation method of the bit error rate according to claim 1 and uncertain rate joint feedback, its feature It is, 2 intersection points is carried out with exploratory compensation and judges that the method for real-time polarization state randomly selects 1 intersection point to 2 intersection points Midpoint compensates, if the bit error rate of the polarization state reduces, the point for judging to choose is real-time polarization state, conversely, then judging another Individual point is real-time polarization state.
3. the photon state of polarization auto compensation method of the bit error rate according to claim 1 and uncertain rate joint feedback, its feature It is, the method for removing exploratory compensation is the state for reverting to polarization compensation device before exploratory compensation.
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《偏振态演化对量子密钥分发影响分析》;张启业 等;《军事通信技术》;20130930;第34卷(第3期);全文 *
《基于BB84协议和偏振编码的量子密钥分发研究与实现》;付剑楠;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库哲学与人文科学辑》;20101115(第11期);全文 *

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