CN104850701A - Geometric graphing method for graphing vertical stadia envelope curves of concave vertical curves - Google Patents
Geometric graphing method for graphing vertical stadia envelope curves of concave vertical curves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法：整理设计完成的纵断面成果；得到眼高线和物高线；选取起点桩号；按照《城市道路工程设计规范》要求，从第一交点按设定的视距长度偏移起始桩号的垂线，与物高线相交，得到第二交点；直线段连接第一交点和第二交点，所述直线段即为起点桩号的行车视距线；按精度要求依次求得每组桩号对应的视距线；绘制视距包络线；按设计桩号插入对应比例的控制物直观的反映出控制物是否遮挡行车视距线。本发明可操作性强，具有较强的适用性。通过对不同交通组织方式下，每个位置进行精确的纵断面控制，使工程设计更具灵活性、便利性和经济性，利于将绘制视距包络图作为工程设计方法的推广运用。
A geometric drawing method for drawing the vertical line-of-sight envelope of a concave vertical curve: sort out the designed longitudinal section results; obtain the eye-level line and object-high line; select the starting point number; according to the "Code for Design of Urban Road Engineering" It is required to offset the vertical line of the initial chainage from the first intersection point according to the set line-of-sight length, intersect with the object height line, and obtain the second intersection point; the straight line segment connects the first intersection point and the second intersection point, and the straight line segment is It is the driving line of sight of the starting point number; obtain the line of sight corresponding to each group of number in turn according to the accuracy requirements; draw the envelope of line of sight; insert the control object of the corresponding proportion according to the design number of the number to intuitively reflect whether the control object is Obscure the line of sight for driving. The invention has strong operability and strong applicability. Through the precise vertical section control of each position under different traffic organization methods, the engineering design is more flexible, convenient and economical, and it is conducive to the promotion and application of drawing the sight distance envelope as an engineering design method.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种视距包络线的几何作图方法。特别是涉及一种绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法。The invention relates to a geometric drawing method of a line of sight envelope. In particular, it relates to a geometric drawing method for drawing a concave vertical curve vertical line of sight envelope.
背景技术Background technique
视距是保证公路行车安全的一项重要设计指标，是公路工程建设标准强制性指标之一。驾驶人从发现障碍物开始到决定采取某种措施的这段时间段内汽车沿路面所行驶的最短行车距离，称为视距。因此，公路沿线的每一车道应有足够的视距，使驾驶员能及时察觉潜在的危险，并做出正确反应，保证行车安全。视距安全评价技术是道路安全保障技术的重要组成部分，是对处于设计、施工及运营中的公路工程项目、交通工程项目或任何与公路用户有关的工程项目正式地进行视距检查与评价，以发现项目潜在的视距不足路段和消除由此引起的安全隐患的一种安全保障技术。Sight distance is an important design index to ensure the safety of highway driving, and it is one of the compulsory indicators of highway engineering construction standards. The shortest driving distance that the car travels along the road during the period from when the driver finds an obstacle to when he decides to take some measures is called the sight distance. Therefore, each lane along the highway should have sufficient sight distance, so that the driver can detect potential dangers in time and make correct responses to ensure driving safety. The line-of-sight safety evaluation technology is an important part of the road safety guarantee technology. It is a formal line-of-sight inspection and evaluation of road engineering projects, traffic engineering projects or any engineering projects related to road users in design, construction and operation. It is a safety guarantee technology to discover the potential lack of line-of-sight sections of the project and eliminate the hidden safety hazards caused by them.
行车视距可分为停车视距、会车视距、超车视距。为了保证行车安全，应使驾驶员能看到前方一定距离的道路路面，以便及时发现路面上有障碍物或对向来车，使汽车在一定的车速下能及时制动或避让，从而避免事故。Driving sight distance can be divided into parking sight distance, meeting sight distance and overtaking sight distance. In order to ensure driving safety, the driver should be able to see the road at a certain distance ahead, so as to detect obstacles on the road or oncoming vehicles in time, so that the car can brake or avoid in time at a certain speed, thereby avoiding accidents.
行车视距检验的常规方法主要有最大横净距计算方法和几何作图法(绘制视距包络图)等，这些方法简便实用，前者能检验曲线上某一位置处平面视距是否满足要求，后者可以较精确的确定平曲线(或竖曲线)上影响视距的范围。用几何作图法不但能确定最大横净距，还可以确定任意平曲线上任意桩号的横净距，而解析法只能确定圆曲线的最大横净距，因此，从普遍适用性来看几何作图法更有优越性。国内对于平曲线上的视距检验方法基本采用以上两种方法，理论基础已经较为成熟。而对于竖曲线，尤其是下穿式立体交叉的凹形竖曲线上的视距检验，不仅要检验横向视距是否满足要求，还应校核其净空能否满足行车视距的要求，对于纵向视距的检验，仍未提供出一种较为有效的检验方法。The conventional methods of driving sight distance inspection mainly include the calculation method of the maximum horizontal clear distance and the geometric drawing method (drawing the sight distance envelope diagram), etc. These methods are simple and practical, and the former can test whether the plane sight distance at a certain position on the curve meets the requirements , the latter can more accurately determine the range that affects the sight distance on the horizontal curve (or vertical curve). The geometric drawing method can not only determine the maximum horizontal clear distance, but also can determine the horizontal clear distance of any pile number on any horizontal curve, while the analytical method can only determine the maximum horizontal clear distance of a circular curve. Therefore, from the perspective of universal applicability Geometry is more advantageous. Domestically, the above two methods are basically adopted for the sight distance inspection method on the flat curve, and the theoretical basis is relatively mature. For vertical curves, especially the inspection of sight distance on concave vertical curves of underpassing grade intersections, it is not only necessary to check whether the horizontal sight distance meets the requirements, but also to check whether the headroom can meet the requirements of driving sight distance. The test of sight distance has not yet provided a relatively effective test method.
目前，规范尚未对竖向行车视距的检验给出明确的计算公式，相关学者也对此进行了研究，尚不能得到竖向行车视距的解析解。主要原因在于，眼高轨迹线、物高轨迹线、设计纵断面线为三条独立的曲线。At present, the code has not given a clear calculation formula for the inspection of the vertical driving sight distance, and relevant scholars have also conducted research on this, but the analytical solution of the vertical driving sight distance has not yet been obtained. The main reason is that the eye height trajectory, object height trajectory and design profile line are three independent curves.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种能够检验凹形竖曲线上的跨线桥在纵向上是否影响行车视距，消除由此引起的安全隐患，提高行车安全的绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vertical bridge for drawing concave vertical curves that can check whether the overpass bridge on the concave vertical curve affects the driving sight distance in the longitudinal direction, eliminate the potential safety hazards caused by this, and improve driving safety. A geometric drawing method for the line-of-sight envelope.
本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法，包括如下步骤：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a kind of geometrical drawing method of drawing concave vertical curve vertical line-of-sight envelope, comprising the following steps:
1)整理设计完成的纵断面成果：整理要进行视距检验的凹形竖曲线的纵断面成果，包括坡度、坡长和竖曲线半径；1) Sorting out the designed longitudinal section results: sorting out the vertical section results of concave vertical curves to be inspected for sight distance, including slope, slope length and vertical curve radius;
2)得到眼高线和物高线：沿道路设计线，根据《城市道路工程设计规范》中规定分别绘制出眼高线和物高线；2) Obtain the eye-height line and the object-height line: draw the eye-height line and the object-height line respectively according to the provisions of the "Urban Road Engineering Design Code" along the road design line;
3)选取起点桩号，在起点桩号处作垂线交于眼高线，得到第一交点(PT1)；3) Select the starting point, and draw a vertical line at the starting point to intersect the eye-height line to obtain the first intersection point (PT1);
4)按照《城市道路工程设计规范》要求，从第一交点(PT1)按设定的视距长度偏移起始桩号的垂线，与物高线相交，得到第二交点(PT2)；4) According to the requirements of "Code for Design of Urban Road Engineering", offset the vertical line of the initial chainage from the first intersection point (PT1) according to the set sight distance length, and intersect with the material height line to obtain the second intersection point (PT2);
5)直线段连接第一交点(PT1)和第二交点(PT2)，所述直线段即为起点桩号的行车视距线；5) The straight line segment connects the first intersection point (PT1) and the second intersection point (PT2), and the straight line segment is the driving line of sight of the starting point number;
6)按精度要求依次求得每组桩号对应的视距线：按精度要求设定的步长，从凹形竖曲线起点桩号开始按所设定的步长定出其他的视线起点，然后根据《城市道路工程设计规范》规定的视距值S定出各视线起点与物高线的交点，画出各组桩号对应的视距线；6) Obtain the line of sight corresponding to each group of stake numbers in turn according to the accuracy requirements: set the step size according to the accuracy requirements, start from the starting point stake number of the concave vertical curve and determine other line of sight starting points according to the set step length, Then according to the line of sight value S stipulated in the "Code for Design of Urban Road Engineering", determine the intersection point of each line of sight starting point and the object height line, and draw the line of sight corresponding to each group of pile numbers;
7)绘制视距包络线：画出一条与各视距线相切的曲线，所述的曲线即为视距包络线；7) Draw the line of sight envelope: draw a curve tangent to each line of sight, and the curve is the line of sight envelope;
8)按设计桩号插入对应比例的控制物直观的反映出控制物是否遮挡行车视距线。8) According to the design chainage, insert the control objects of corresponding proportions to intuitively reflect whether the control objects block the driving line of sight.
步骤1)中在整理设计完成的纵断面成果时，当纵断面成果为手工作图时，对纵断面成果按平面、纵断面均为1:1进行整理。In step 1), when sorting out the designed longitudinal section results, when the longitudinal section results are manual drawings, the longitudinal section results are sorted at a ratio of 1:1 for both the plane and the longitudinal section.
步骤2)中所述的《城市道路工程设计规范》中规定：验算视距时物高规定为0.1m，眼高对凸形竖曲线规定为1.2m，对凹形竖曲线规定为1.9m；货车停车视距的眼高规定为2.0m，物高规定为0.1m。Step 2) stipulates in the "Code for Design of Urban Road Engineering" that when checking the sight distance, the object height is 0.1m, the eye height is 1.2m for the convex vertical curve, and 1.9m for the concave vertical curve; The eye height of the truck parking sight distance is 2.0m, and the object height is 0.1m.
步骤4)中，若车行道上对向行驶的车辆有会车可能时，应采用会车视距，会车视距为停车视距的2倍，对以货运交通为主的道路，应验算下坡段货车的停车视距。In step 4), if there is a possibility of passing vehicles on the roadway, the passing sight distance should be used, and the passing sight distance is twice the stopping sight distance. For roads dominated by freight traffic, the calculation should be Parking sight distance for trucks on downhill sections.
本发明的绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法，具有如下技术效果：The geometric drawing method of drawing concave vertical curve vertical line of sight envelope of the present invention has the following technical effects:
1、本发明通过分别绘制凹形竖曲线的眼高轨迹线、物高轨迹线和设计纵断面，选取合适的停车视距，得到凹形竖曲线的视距包络图，为跨线桥下的凹形竖曲线检验其净空高度是否满足行车视距提供了一种技术手段，且方法可操作性强，具有较强的适用性。1. The present invention selects a suitable parking sight distance by drawing the eye height trajectory line, the object height trajectory line and the design longitudinal section of the concave vertical curve respectively, and obtains the sight distance envelope diagram of the concave vertical curve, which is under the overpass bridge. It provides a technical means to check whether the headroom height meets the driving sight distance, and the method is highly operable and has strong applicability.
2、通过视距包络图的绘制，可直观、准确地对当前设计的跨线桥下的凹形竖曲线视距安全性进行评估，通过对不同交通组织方式下，每个位置进行精确的纵断面控制，使工程设计更具灵活性、便利性和经济性，利于将绘制视距包络图作为工程设计方法的推广运用。2. Through the drawing of the line-of-sight envelope diagram, the safety of the line-of-sight safety of the concave vertical curve under the currently designed overpass can be evaluated intuitively and accurately. The longitudinal section control makes the engineering design more flexible, convenient and economical, and is conducive to the popularization and application of drawing the line-of-sight envelope as an engineering design method.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是凹形竖曲线竖向视距结构图；Fig. 1 is a concave vertical curve vertical line-of-sight structure diagram;
图中，1：行车视线；2：跨桥线；3：设计路面线；4：行车视距SIn the figure, 1: driving line of sight; 2: cross bridge line; 3: design road surface line; 4: driving sight distance S
图2是本发明绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法步骤1的示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of step 1 of the geometric drawing method of drawing concave vertical curve vertical line-of-sight envelope of the present invention;
图3是本发明绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法步骤2的示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of step 2 of the geometric drawing method of drawing the vertical line-of-sight envelope of the concave vertical curve in the present invention;
图4是本发明绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法步骤3的示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of step 3 of the geometric drawing method of drawing the vertical line-of-sight envelope of the concave vertical curve in the present invention;
图5是本发明绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法步骤4的示意图；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of step 4 of the geometric drawing method of drawing the vertical line-of-sight envelope of the concave vertical curve in the present invention;
图6是本发明绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法步骤5的示意图；Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of step 5 of the geometric drawing method of drawing the vertical line-of-sight envelope of the concave vertical curve in the present invention;
图7是本发明绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法步骤6的示意图；Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of step 6 of the geometric drawing method for drawing the vertical line-of-sight envelope of the concave vertical curve in the present invention;
图8是本发明绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法步骤7的示意图；Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of step 7 of the geometric drawing method for drawing a concave vertical curve vertical line-of-sight envelope in the present invention;
图9是本发明绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法步骤8的示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of step 8 of the geometric drawing method for drawing a concave vertical curve vertical line-of-sight envelope in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明的一种绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法做出详细说明。A geometric drawing method for drawing a concave vertical curve vertical line of sight envelope of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.
本发明的一种绘制凹形竖曲线竖向视距包络线的几何作图方法，可手工绘制，或用CAD等绘图软件，方法简便实用。视距包络图就是驾驶员视点轨迹线上每个一定间隔绘出一系列的视距线，视距线相互交叉而形成的外边缘线作为清除障碍的界限的方法。本发明可用于检验跨线桥下凹形竖曲线在纵向上视距是否满足要求。具体包括如下步骤：A geometric drawing method for drawing the vertical line-of-sight envelope of the concave vertical curve of the present invention can be drawn manually or by drawing software such as CAD, and the method is simple and practical. The sight distance envelope diagram is a method to draw a series of sight distance lines at a certain interval on the driver's eye track line, and the outer edge lines formed by the sight distance lines intersecting each other are used as the method of clearing the boundary of obstacles. The invention can be used to check whether the vertical line-of-sight distance of the concave vertical curve under the overpass meets the requirement in the longitudinal direction. Specifically include the following steps:
1)整理设计完成的纵断面成果：整理要进行视距检验的凹形竖曲线的纵断面成果，包括坡度、坡长和竖曲线半径，在整理设计完成的纵断面成果时，当纵断面成果为手工作图时，对纵断面成果按平面、纵断面均为1:1进行整理；1) Sorting out the designed longitudinal section results: sorting out the vertical section results of concave vertical curves to be tested for sight distance, including slope, slope length and vertical curve radius, when sorting out the designed longitudinal section results, when the longitudinal section results When it is a manual work drawing, the results of the longitudinal section are sorted according to the ratio of 1:1 for both the plane and the longitudinal section;
如图2所示，该纵断面有两段竖曲线，第一段参数为：R＝1500，T＝32.879，前坡长为193.3m，坡度为-3.5％，后坡长为184m，坡度为0.88％；第二段参数为：R＝2000，T＝29.161，后坡长为156m，坡度为3.8％。As shown in Figure 2, the longitudinal section has two vertical curves, the parameters of the first section are: R=1500, T=32.879, the front slope length is 193.3m, the slope is -3.5%, the back slope length is 184m, and the slope is 0.88%; the parameters of the second section are: R=2000, T=29.161, the back slope length is 156m, and the slope is 3.8%.
2)得到眼高线和物高线：沿道路设计线，根据《城市道路工程设计规范》中规定分别绘制出眼高线和物高线，所述的《城市道路工程设计规范》中规定：验算视距时物高规定为0.1m，眼高对凸形竖曲线规定为1.2m，对凹形竖曲线规定为1.9m；货车停车视距的眼高规定为2.0m，物高规定为0.1m，如图3所示；2) Obtain the eye-height line and the object-height line: along the road design line, draw the eye-height line and the object-height line respectively according to the provisions in the "Code for Design of Urban Road Engineering", which stipulates in the "Code for Design of Urban Road Engineering": When checking the sight distance, the object height is 0.1m, the eye height is 1.2m for convex vertical curves, and 1.9m for concave vertical curves; the eye height for truck parking sight distance is 2.0m, and the object height is 0.1m. m, as shown in Figure 3;
3)选取起点桩号，在起点桩号处作垂线交于眼高线，得到第一交点PT1，本实施例选取K0+500处为起点，作垂线，找到与眼高线的交点PT1，如图4所示；3) Select the starting point, and make a vertical line at the starting point to intersect the eye-height line to obtain the first intersection point PT1. In this embodiment, select K0+500 as the starting point, make a vertical line, and find the intersection point PT1 with the eye-level line ,As shown in Figure 4;
4)按照《城市道路工程设计规范》要求，从第一交点PT1按设定的视距长度偏移起始桩号的垂线，与物高线相交，得到第二交点PT2。这里因为两桩号的水平距离与实际视距长度相差无几，因此可用两桩号间的水平距离代替实际视距长度，可使绘图操作更加方便，也满足精度要求，如图5所示。4) According to the requirements of "Code for Design of Urban Road Engineering", offset the vertical line of the initial chainage from the first intersection point PT1 according to the set line-of-sight length, and intersect with the material height line to obtain the second intersection point PT2. Here, because the horizontal distance between the two stakes is almost the same as the actual line-of-sight length, the horizontal distance between the two stakes can be used instead of the actual line-of-sight length, which can make the drawing operation more convenient and meet the accuracy requirements, as shown in Figure 5.
在城市道路设计中，主要考虑停车视距。若车行道上对向行驶的车辆有会车可能时，应采用会车视距，会车视距为停车视距的2倍，不同设计速度下对停车视距的要求入下表1：In urban road design, the parking sight distance is mainly considered. If there is a possibility of passing vehicles on the roadway, the passing sight distance shall be adopted, and the passing sight distance shall be twice the stopping sight distance. The requirements for stopping sight distance at different design speeds shall be listed in Table 1 below:
表1 停车视距Table 1 Parking sight distance
对以货运交通为主的道路，应验算下坡段货车的停车视距。下坡段货车的停车视距不应小于表2的规定值。For roads dominated by freight traffic, the parking sight distance of trucks on downhill sections should be checked and calculated. The parking sight distance of freight vehicles on the downhill section shall not be less than the specified value in Table 2.
表2 下坡段货车停车视距Table 2 Sight distance of trucks parking on downhill section
5)直线段连接第一交点PT1和第二交点PT2，所述直线段即为起点桩号的行车视距线，如图6所示。5) A straight line segment connects the first intersection point PT1 and the second intersection point PT2, and the straight line segment is the driving line of sight of the starting point number, as shown in FIG. 6 .
6)按精度要求依次求得每组桩号对应的视距线：按精度要求设定的步长(通常步长越小，精度越高)，从凹形竖曲线起点桩号开始按所设定的步长定出其他的视线起点，然后根据《城市道路工程设计规范》规定的视距值S定出各视线起点与物高线的交点，画出各组桩号对应的视距线；6) Obtain the line-of-sight line corresponding to each group of stakes sequentially according to the accuracy requirements: set the step size according to the accuracy requirements (usually the smaller the step size, the higher the accuracy), start from the starting point of the concave vertical curve and press the set Determine the starting point of other line of sight according to the specified step length, and then determine the intersection point of each line of sight starting point and the object height line according to the line of sight value S stipulated in the "Code for Design of Urban Road Engineering", and draw the line of sight corresponding to each group of stake numbers;
本实施例以10m一个桩号为精度作它的行车视线，重复上一步作图过程，得到整个凹形竖曲线路段各点的行车视距线，各视距线相互交叉，如图7所示In this embodiment, the driving line of sight is made with a stake number of 10m as the accuracy, and the drawing process of the previous step is repeated to obtain the line of sight for driving at each point of the entire concave vertical curve section, and each line of sight intersects each other, as shown in Figure 7
7)绘制视距包络线：画出一条与各视距线相切的曲线，所述的曲线即为视距包络线，所述的视距包络线具体画法是，用曲线板内切各交叉视距线，画出视距线的内切曲线(包络线)，绘制成视距包络图，如图8所示；7) Draw the line of sight envelope: draw a curve tangent to each line of sight, the curve is the envelope of sight distance, and the specific drawing method of the envelope of sight distance is to use a curve plate Inscribe each intersection line of sight, draw the inscribed curve (envelope) of the line of sight, and draw the envelope of sight distance, as shown in Figure 8;
8)按设计桩号插入对应比例的控制物(如桥梁、天桥等)直观的反映出控制物是否遮挡行车视距线，如图9所示。8) According to the design stake number, insert the corresponding proportion of control objects (such as bridges, overpasses, etc.) to intuitively reflect whether the control objects block the driving line of sight, as shown in Figure 9.
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