CN104850598B - A kind of real-time data base back-up restoring method - Google Patents
A kind of real-time data base back-up restoring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of real-time data base back-up restoring method, belongs to real-time data base in information system application field.This method includes offline full backup and its recovery under database run-stopping status, online full backup and its recovery under database normal operating condition, incremental backup and its recovery under database normal operating condition.The present invention realizes real-time dataBase system safe and stable in production environment, efficient data backup and data recovery on the premise of upper layer application is not influenceed.The present invention realizes a backup tool program, supports full backup of the real-time data base under offline and presence, while support the incremental data under database presence to back up；A recovery implementing procedure is realized, supports to carry out arrangement recovery to the file of backup out, it is ensured that the validity of backup；By the way of backup blocks of files, backup efficiency is improved, greatly reduces the influence that backup procedure is extremely applied to real-time data base.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to real-time data base in information system application field, is counted in real time more particularly to a kind of information system
According to storehouse in data backup and the method for data recovery.
Background technology
With production system informationization, the continuous improvement of automatization level, the continuous development of database technology is answered with extensive
With to ensure that integrated service information real time processing system (abbreviation comprehensive business system) 7 ╳ keeps the safety in production for 24 hours incessantly
Operation, the safety of comprehensive business system is generally improved by software/hardware fault-tolerant technology in system application and database aspect
Stability.
System application common are the fault-toleranr techniques such as disk array machine, two-node cluster hot backup, stream band backup, mainly from system
Application safeguards more set runtimes by modes such as dual-computer redundancies simultaneously, ensures that system is stable.
Database aspect then mainly ensures situation about being broken down in system operation by data base backup recovery technology
Under do not lose data.Common data base backup recovery scheme mainly has two kinds of physical backup and backup logic.Physical backup is copied
The physical file (including control file, data file, journal file etc.) of shellfish database enters tape or other storage mediums, according to
Database running status is divided into two kinds of off-Line backup (cold standby) and on-line backup (hot standby) again.Off-Line backup refers to closing data
In the case of storehouse, by the physical file copy of database to storage medium, the general order carried using operating system and instrument
Simple to operate to complete, shortcoming is that this method generally requires to close database, has one for the continuity of system application
It is fixing to ring.In the case that on-line backup refers to that user is opened and provided in database to be accessed, operating system grade is done to physical file
Other backup, shortcoming are that operation is more complicated, it is necessary to there is deeper understanding to operating system.Backup logic is for user, table
The data base logic component such as space, table, subregion is backed up, and is binary system typically by the export unloading of data base logic module information
File, in recovery operation, derived binary file is reloaded into target database.Feature is to operate flexibly, can
The Data Migration between disparate databases is realized, single database object can be backed up.Many business database manufacturers
Many powerful logical tape Reading and writing instruments are provided using different implementations, such as the export/ of Oracle companies
Import, data pump technology etc..But existing backup logic method is to be directed to relevant database mostly, for returning on a large scale
The Backup and Restore of shelves flow data is difficult to meet in efficiency, and is directed to handle the real time data that extensive filing stream data is good at
Storehouse, its back-up restoring method then compare shortage at present, and main results concentrate on checkpoint technology, log recording, agreement, again
Algorithm etc. is filled, but is applied to memory database aspect mostly.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of real-time data base back-up restoring method, in order to solves single real-time data base at this
The backup of local disk and recovery problem, the data store organisation of the real-time data base need to meet following condition：1st, physics text
Part includes control file, cache file, index file, data file, journal file；2nd, index file, data file are without the time
Mark, can not be separated offline with the period, i.e., can not by individually copy certain period index, data file progress it is standby
Part；3rd, the data structure in data file includes file header and some evenly sized blocks of files, if being included in each blocks of files
Dry back end (back end is a data acquisition system).
The technical solution adopted by the present invention mainly includes three parts：First, offline (database is out of service) full backup
And its recover, the full backup and full dose in the case of mainly solution real-time data base is out of service recover；2nd, online (database
Normal operation) full backup and its recovery, mainly solve in the case that real-time data base opens and provide user's queried access
Full backup and full dose are recovered；3rd, incremental backup and its recovery, mainly solve real-time data base and open and normal service is provided
In the case of, the physical file for newly increasing or newly updating is backed up and its recovered.
The method of the present invention has following features：
(a) it is applied to real-time data base in information system application field, more particularly to information system real-time data base
In terms of data backup and data recovery.
(b) data structure of database is specific and index file and data file are respectively coupled in together, no time mark
Know, can not be separated offline with the period, it is impossible to which by individually copying the index of certain period, data file is backed up.
(c) database to go offline and online two kinds of backup modes are provided.
(d) two kinds of Backup and Restore modes of database physical file full dose and increment are provided.
(e) blocks of files, control file, cache file and the journal file phase that incremental backup is increased newly by backup data files
With reference to mode realize.
(f) it is applied to index, the Database Systems that data file number sequentially increases.
Offline full backup recovery scheme in the present invention comprises the following steps：
Step A：Stop the real-time data base being currently running, copy physical file successively to backup directory；
Step B：Control file is opened, reads index file and data file list, catalogue where more new file is backup
Catalogue；
Step C：Full backup information record file is created, is stored in full backup catalogue.It is maximum to open reference number of a document
Data file, read out File header information, according to the acquisition of information database last time distribute blocks of files time, by this
The filename of time and this document, document number, write data deviation post write-in full backup information record file in for increase
Amount backup uses；
Step D：Update the information such as Backup History file, record BACKUP TIME, type of backup and backup directory, backup
Terminate.
Step E：When offline full dose is recovered, the inherently complete tricks of physical file that is gone out due to offline full backup
According to library file, therefore the physical file log-on data storehouse in full backup catalogue can be used directly.
Online full backup recovery scheme in the present invention comprises the following steps：
Step A：To real-time data base plus write lock, it is ensured that externally still carried without new data processing, database in backup procedure
For inquiry business；
Step B：Perform offline full backup recovery scheme step B, C, D；
Step C：Lock is write to real-time data base solution, recovers real-time data base and submits processing business；
Step D：Recover the same with offline full dose, during online full dose recovery, the physical file gone out due to full backup is in itself
It is exactly complete a set of database file, therefore the physical file log-on data storehouse in full backup catalogue can be used directly.
Incremental backup scheme in the present invention comprises the following steps：
Step A：Obtain incremental backup mode and beginning, end time.Three kinds of incremental backup modes are provided：1. parameter is knot
Beam time endTime, that is, the All Files block of late allocation between backing up from Last Backup time point to endTime.2. parameter
For number of days N, that is, back up the All Files block from distribution in N days after Last Backup time point.3. printenv, that is, back up standby from last time
Part time point is to the All Files block distributed between the current time in system；
Step B：Standby control file.Incremental backup catalogue is created, is named with the time.By database control file copy extremely
Under incremental backup catalogue；
Step C：Backup cache file.Call database interface that data cached taking-up is write into the caching of user-defined format
In file；
Step D：Backup log file.Database log file is copied under incremental backup catalogue；
Step E：Backup incremental data file.Backup information log file is read, obtains the maximum recorded during Last Backup
Document number and skew, order reads blocks of files to the Backup end time since the position, and the blocks of files write-in of reading is made by oneself
In adopted formatted data file；
Step F：Incremental backup information record file is created, is stored in this incremental backup catalogue.Open reference number of a document
Maximum data file, reads out File header information, and the time of blocks of files is distributed according to acquisition of information database last time,
By the filename of the time and this document, document number, write in the deviation post write-in incremental backup information record file of data
Used for next incremental backup；
Step G：Update the information such as Backup History file, record BACKUP TIME, type of backup and backup directory, backup
Terminate.
Incremental data recovery scheme in the present invention comprises the following steps：
Step A：Recovery time point, sequential search incremental backup catalogue are obtained by input parameter, selection is less than or equal to extensive
All the incremental backup catalogues and full backup catalogue at multiple time point use catalogue as recovery；
Step B：With the control under incremental backup catalogue n (1≤n≤N, N are the incremental backup catalogue number that step A is obtained)
Based on file F1, by being relatively adjusted entirely for the control file F2 under catalogue, if the measuring point in F1 exists in F2,
It is that root node is corresponding root node pointer in F2 then to adjust the measuring point, is easy to connect full backup data.If the survey in F1
Point is not present in F2, then it is newly-increased measuring point to illustrate the measuring point, and its root node pointer is set into 0, is easy to follow-up data to add.Such as
Measuring point in fruit F2 is not present in F1, then illustrates that the measuring point is deleted, delete the measuring point data.Make the control text ultimately generated
Part F3 is the control file at point A moment recovery time；
Step C：It is interim to start on the basis of the data in the control file of step B generations and complete standby catalogue, index file
Database D B_T；
Step D：Read oneself under incremental backup catalogue n (1≤n≤N, N are the incremental backup catalogue number that step A is obtained)
Definition format cache file, is sequentially written back to DB_T；
Step E：Read oneself under incremental backup catalogue n (1≤n≤N, N are the incremental backup catalogue number that step A is obtained)
Definition format data file, is sequentially written back to DB_T；
Step F：Read the daily record of incremental backup catalogue n (1≤n≤N, N are the incremental backup catalogue number that step A is obtained)
File, deletion data message therein is obtained, delete the data in DB_T；
Step G：Recurrence realizes the file access pattern of whole increment catalogues, closes database D B_T to step B.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
First, the feasible solution party of complete set is provided to real-time data base data backup and data recovery aspect
Case；Secondly, the backup of this programme incremental data and the implementation recovered, solve and use magnetic caused by full backup for a long time
The defects of disk space sharp increase, save maintenance cost；Again, because incremental backup data amount is much smaller than full backup, therefore
Time overhead is more much smaller than full backup, has saved the maintenance time and cost of Backup Data；Finally, the increment in scheme is standby
Part supports Database Systems on-line operation, does not influence the operation system to have put into operation, is effectively guaranteed operation system stability
And validity.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall implementation process figure of real-time data base back-up restoring method of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the implementation process figure of the offline full backup process in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the implementation process figure of the online full backup process in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the implementation process figure of the incremental backup process in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the implementation process figure of the increment recovery process in the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The overall implementation process figure of real-time data base back-up restoring method of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1.The module on the left side in figure
Represent former real-time data base, the module in the dashed box of the right represents the file structure come out for former real time data library backup, to the right
Arrow represent backup procedure, wherein the module of the top is k in the dashed box of the right1The full dose that moment does to former real-time data base is standby
Part, several modules below full backup represent k2k3…k4The incremental backup that moment does to former real-time data base.Data recovery
Then realized jointly by full backup module and several incremental modulars, for example, it is desired to recover k3The database file at moment, then need
Full backup module, the module of incremental backup one and the module of incremental backup two is wanted to complete data recovery jointly.With standby shown in accompanying drawing 1
Exemplified by part schematic diagram, it is assumed that the working directory of former real-time data base is D:HS-1, to complete former real-time data base in k1Moment
Full backup and k2k3…k4The incremental backup (backing up in local file system) at moment, and carry out data according to backup file
Recover to k4The database file at moment, specific embodiment are as follows：
Step 1：k1Moment carries out online full backup to former real-time data base, generates full backup, full backup catalogue
It is set to D:HS-1-fbak, the file of backup includes control file CTL1, cache file CAH1, index file INX1, data text
Part DAT1, journal file LOG1, backup information file BAKINFO1 and Backup History file BAKHIST1, wherein
INX1, DAT1, LOG1 represent a kind of data acquisition system respectively, may include multiple files.Accompanying drawing 2 is the work of offline full backup
Flow, i.e. " cold standby " process, mainly for the data backup under real-time data base halted state, it substantially copies data text
Part；Accompanying drawing 3 is the workflow of online full backup, and it substantially adds to real-time data base writes lock progress copied files.
Step 2：k2At the moment, based on full backup, incremental backup is carried out to former real-time data base, generates incremental backup one.
Assuming that incremental backup catalogue is set to D:HS-1-ibak, then the catalogue where incremental backup one is with time name under the catalogue
Subdirectory：D:\HS-1-ibak\k2, the delta file of generation include control file CTL2, self-defined cache file ICAH1, from
Define data file IDAT1, journal file LOG2, backup information file BAKINFO2 and Backup History file
BAKHIST2。
Self-defined cache file form is as follows：
struct Position_I
{
unsigned long long offset；
unsigned long long length；
}；
// increase for the file header of CAH files
struct CacheHeader
{
unsigned long count；// measuring point the number currently having backed up
Position_I pointers[1]；// current CacheValueBlock corresponding files in ICAH files
Skew
}；
struct CacheValueBlock
{
unsigned long id；
unsigned int type；///<Measuring point type
unsigned long count；///<It is worth number
DB_Value values[1]；///<Measuring point value array
}；
Self-defining data file format is as follows：
struct BufferPointer
{
unsigned long file；///<Document number
unsigned long offset；///<Offset in file
}；
The file header of the standby file of // increasing
struct FileHeaderBlock_bak
{
int block_count；
BufferPointer block_pointer[BLOCK_COUNT]；Corresponding file is inclined in // former data file
Move
int block_type[BLOCK_COUNT]；// data type
}；
Step 3：Similarly, at the k4 moment respectively in k3 ..., based on last incremental backup, increment is standby for generation incremental backup two ...
Part N.Incremental backup finishes.
Step 4：By the CTL1 in full backup compared with the CTL2 in incremental backup one, and incrementally data are extensive
Step B is merged in compound case, is generated new control file CTL3, is placed in full backup catalogue, and using full backup as
Basis starts volatile data base DB_T.
Step 5：What order read in incremental backup one in ICAH1 data cached is written to DB_T；It is standby that order reads increment
Backup Data in part one in IDAT1 is written in DB_T.
Step 6：The deletion record in LOG2 in incremental backup one is read, deletes the related data in DB_T.Close DB_T,
Complete k2The data recovery at moment.
Step 7：Iteration performs step 4- steps 6, completes k3…k4The data recovery at moment.
In summary, present invention mainly solves real-time dataBase system in production environment, upper layer application is not being influenceed
On the premise of, safe and stable, efficient data backup and data recovery problem.Including following content：Realize a backup work
Have program, support full backup of the real-time data base under offline and presence, while support under database presence
Incremental data backs up；A recovery implementing procedure is realized, supports to carry out arrangement recovery to the file of backup out, it is ensured that backup
Validity；By the way of backup blocks of files, backup efficiency is improved, backup procedure is greatly reduced and real-time data base is extremely applied
Influence.
The present invention is illustrated according to live project implementation example, therefore all using equivalent substitution or the form of equivalent transformation
The technical scheme obtained, is within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. real-time data base back-up restoring method, it is characterised in that：The real-time data base back-up restoring method includes：Offline full backup under database run-stopping status and its extensive Multiple, full backup and full dose in the case of solution real-time data base is out of service recover；Under database normal operating condition Line full backup and its recovery, solve real-time data base opens and provide the full backup in the case of user's queried access and entirely Amount is recovered；Incremental backup and its recovery, in the case that solution real-time data base is opened and provides normal service, to newly increasing or newly The physical file of renewal is backed up and its recovered；The data store organisation of the real-time data base meets：Physical file include control file, cache file, index file, Data file, journal file；Index file, data file are without time marking；Data structure in data file includes file header With some evenly sized blocks of files, some back end are included in each blocks of files；The offline full backup and its recovery comprise the following steps：Step A：Stop the real-time data base being currently running, copy physical file successively to backup directory；Step B：Control file is opened, reads index file and data file list, catalogue where more new file is backup directory；Step C：Full backup information record file is created, is stored in full backup catalogue；Open the maximum number of reference number of a document According to file, File header information is read out, the time of blocks of files is distributed according to acquisition of information database last time, by the time Filename, document number with this document, write it is standby for increment in the deviation post write-in full backup information record files of data Part uses；Step D：Backup History file is updated, record includes the information of BACKUP TIME, type of backup and backup directory, backup Terminate；Step E：When offline full dose is recovered, the inherently complete a set of database of physical file that is gone out due to offline full backup File, therefore directly use the physical file log-on data storehouse in full backup catalogue.
- 2. real-time data base back-up restoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The online full backup and Its recovery comprises the following steps：Step A：To real-time data base plus write lock, it is ensured that externally still provide and look into without new data processing, database in backup procedure Inquiry business；Step B：Perform step B, C, D of offline full backup and its recovery scheme；Step C：Lock is write to real-time data base solution, recovers real-time data base and submits processing business；Step D：Recover the same with offline full dose, during online full dose recovery, the physical file gone out due to full backup is inherently Complete a set of database file, therefore directly use the physical file log-on data storehouse in full backup catalogue.
- 3. real-time data base back-up restoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The incremental backup is included such as Lower step：Step A：Obtain incremental backup mode and beginning, end time：Three kinds of incremental backup modes are provided：Parameter is the end time EndTime, that is, the All Files block of late allocation between backing up from Last Backup time point to endTime；Parameter is number of days N, Back up the All Files block from distribution in N days after Last Backup time point；Printenv, that is, back up from Last Backup time point to The All Files block distributed between current time in system；Step B：Standby control file：Incremental backup catalogue is created, is named with the time；Database is controlled into file copy to increment Under backup directory；Step C：Backup cache file：Call database interface that data cached taking-up is write into the cache file of user-defined format In；Step D：Backup log file：Database log file is copied under incremental backup catalogue；Step E：Backup incremental data file：Backup information log file is read, obtains the maximum file recorded during Last Backup Number and skew, order reads blocks of files to the Backup end time since the position, and the blocks of files of reading is write into self-defined lattice In formula data file；Step F：Incremental backup information record file is created, is stored in this incremental backup catalogue：It is maximum to open reference number of a document Data file, read out File header information, according to the acquisition of information database last time distribute blocks of files time, by this The filename of time and this document, document number, write data deviation post write-in incremental backup information record file in supply down Secondary incremental backup uses；Step G：Backup History file is updated, record includes the information of BACKUP TIME, type of backup and backup directory, backup Terminate.
- 4. real-time data base back-up restoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The increment recovery is included such as Lower step：Step A：Recovery time point, sequential search incremental backup catalogue, when selection is less than or equal to recover are obtained by input parameter Between all the incremental backup catalogues and full backup catalogue put as recovering to use catalogue；Step B：Based on the control file F1 under incremental backup catalogue n, wherein, 1≤n≤N, N are the increment that step A is obtained Backup directory number, by being relatively adjusted entirely for the control file F2 under catalogue, if the measuring point in F1 exists in F2, It is that root node is corresponding root node pointer in F2 then to adjust the measuring point, is easy to connect full backup data；If the survey in F1 Point is not present in F2, then it is newly-increased measuring point to illustrate the measuring point, and its root node pointer is set into 0, is easy to follow-up data to add；Such as Measuring point in fruit F2 is not present in F1, then illustrates that the measuring point is deleted, delete the measuring point data；Make the control text ultimately generated Part F3 is the control file at point A moment recovery time；Step C：On the basis of the data in the control file of step B generations and complete standby catalogue, index file, interim log-on data Storehouse DB_T；Step D：The user-defined format cache file under incremental backup catalogue n is read, wherein, 1≤n≤N, N are what step A was obtained Incremental backup catalogue number, is sequentially written back to DB_T；Step E：The user-defined format data file under incremental backup catalogue n is read, wherein, 1≤n≤N, N are what step A was obtained Incremental backup catalogue number, is sequentially written back to DB_T；Step F：Incremental backup catalogue n journal file is read, wherein, 1≤n≤N, N are the incremental backup catalogue that step A is obtained Number, deletion data message therein is obtained, delete the data in DB_T；Step G：Recurrence realizes the file access pattern of whole increment catalogues, closes database D B_T to step B.
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| CN115146003B (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-11-18 | 江苏数瑞信息技术有限公司 | Method and system for realizing real-time synchronous processing of incremental data of database in non-invasive manner |
| CN116361076B (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2023-11-14 | 杭州费尔斯通科技有限公司 | Domestic database backup method |
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