CN104846213B - Gold concentrate calcine multi-element gradient recovery method - Google Patents

Gold concentrate calcine multi-element gradient recovery method Download PDF

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CN104846213B
CN104846213B CN201510171278.XA CN201510171278A CN104846213B CN 104846213 B CN104846213 B CN 104846213B CN 201510171278 A CN201510171278 A CN 201510171278A CN 104846213 B CN104846213 B CN 104846213B
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roasting
content
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pelletizing
warming
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CN104846213A (en
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王云
常耀超
孙留根
王为振
徐晓辉
郭持皓
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Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-element gradient recovery method for gold concentrate calcine. The method provided by the invention utilizes a process combining chlorination volatilization separation and staged high-temperature roasting, and adopts the steps of mixing, wet grinding, ball making, drying, roasting, spraying, pulp press filtering and metal recovery, so that the recovery rate of gold is over 95 percent, and the recovery rate of elements such as silver, copper, zinc and the like can be over 80 percent, thereby realizing the full utilization of resources.

Description

A kind of aurin ore-roasting multielement echelon recovery method
Technical field
The present invention relates to noble metal to extract field, and in particular to a kind of aurin ore-roasting multielement echelon recovery method.
Background technology
Yellow Au plasma prevailing technology is gold concentrate roasting, and calcining is using Cyanide Leaching extraction Au, Ag, and the process is only Au, Ag in mineral resources is reclaimed, and the valuable metal such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Bi, Co, Ni present in calcining can not return Receive, cause the serious waste of resource, cut due to, as medicament is leached, causing that discharges during golden production to consolidate using cyanide Body discarded object, contain the oxious component such as hypertoxic cyanide and heavy metal.According to incompletely statistics, 2010 are ended, Neihuang County of state of China Golden system Gold Concentrate under Normal Pressure calcining discharge capacity has reached more than 24,500,000 tons, and but also constantly increases with more than annual 690 ten thousand tons of speed Add.Aurin ore-roasting is stacked and increased year by year for a long time, takes a large amount of arable lands, easily causes environmental pollution, turns into and restrict gold smelting Refine the industry problems of Sustainable Development of Enterprises.
To most direct Cyanide Leaching, difficult mining seam typically uses roasting-Cyanide Leaching, added prevailing technology technology at present Pressure leaches and bacterial oxidation leaches, and further expanding has non-cyanogen to leach, makes sulfonium and catch golden method etc..But existing various technique sides The rate of recovery how method improves gold or silver both for Gold Concentrate under Normal Pressure optimizes perfect, can not realize simultaneously to being removed in raw material The abundant recovery of valuable element beyond gold, silver.
The content of the invention
The present invention is separated using chloridizing volatilization for defect present in prior art and high-temperature roasting is combined stage by stage Technique so that gold recovery reaches more than 95%, and other metallic element rate of recovery can reach more than 80%, it is achieved thereby that Resource makes full use of.
The invention provides a kind of aurin ore-roasting multielement echelon recovery method.
Aurin ore-roasting of the present invention be Gold Concentrate under Normal Pressure it is fired after gained calcining, the purpose of roasting described herein be except Remove the sulphur and arsenic contained in Gold Concentrate under Normal Pressure.The granularity of the aurin ore-roasting is 10 μm~1mm.
The method of the invention is applied to the aurin ore-roasting of various gold contents;Preferably 10~55g/t of gold content, silver contain Measure 5~200g/t, copper content 0.1~2%, the aurin ore-roasting of Zn content 0.1~2%;More preferably gold content 30~ 55g/t, 100~200g/t of silver content, copper content 0.1~2%, the aurin ore-roasting of Zn content 0.1~2%.
Methods described includes step in detail below:
(1) 0~5 part of 1~10 part of 100 parts of aurin ore-roasting, chloride, the binding agent of desulfurization, dearsenification are taken, fully profit mill, It is well mixed, 5~20mm of particle diameter pelletizing is prepared into, it is standby after drying;
(2) dried pelletizing obtained by step (1) is taken, carries out the roasting of three stages, collects caused flue gas in roasting process;
Three stage is calcined:0.1~0.5h is calcined at 200~700 DEG C, is warming up to 700~1100 DEG C of roastings 0.3~1h, then it is warming up to 1100~1300 DEG C of 0.2~0.5h of roasting;
(3) spray process will be carried out after the flue gas condensing, dedusting, the volume ratio of flue gas and spray-water for 100~ 150Nm3/m3, collect spray gained slurries;The slurries filter under the conditions of 0.4~0.7MPa of pressure, obtain filter cake and filtrate;
(4) filter cake is taken, is dissolved in sodium cyanide solution, fully reaction, Jin Heyin is separately recovered;
(5) filtrate is taken, adjustment pH value to 9.5~10.5, fully reaction, copper and zinc is separately recovered.
In step (1) of the present invention, chloride is preferably calcium chloride, sodium chloride or magnesium chloride, more preferably chlorine Change calcium.The dosage of the chloride is preferably 6~8 parts.The binding agent is preferably bentonite.The dosage of the binding agent is preferred For 1~3 part.
Part of the present invention is mass unit commonly used in the art, such as kilogram, ton.
The mill that moistens is carried out in the damp mill of routine, after profit is ground and is well mixed, material is sufficiently mixed and is refined, is increased The surface area of big material particles, can be effectively reduced bentonite addition, improve green ball strength.The pelletizing can use disk system It is prepared by grain machine.The particle diameter of the pelletizing is preferably 10~15mm.The drying is preferably carried out at 240~260 DEG C, makes to do The water content < 5%, preferably < 1% of pelletizing after dry, you can.
In step (2) of the present invention, it is calcined and is carried out in closed straight tube kiln or reducing rotary kiln, is preferably returned in reducing Carried out in rotary kiln.
The roasting is divided into three phases, is followed successively by:200~700 DEG C of 0.1~0.5h of roasting, the stage are the weak oxygen that heats up The change stage;700~1100 DEG C of 0.3~1h of roasting are warming up to, the stage is volatilization period;1100~1300 DEG C of roastings are warming up to again 0.2~0.5h, the stage are the pelletizing consolidation stage.
The roasting is preferably:300~500 DEG C be calcined 0.3~0.5h, be warming up to 1000~1100 DEG C roasting 0.8~ 1h, then it is warming up to 1200~1300 DEG C of 0.4~0.5h of roasting.
By the roasting of three phases, chloride decomposes in the presence of oxygen produces chlorine, silicon present in raw material and A small amount of sulphur of residual can further promote the decomposition of chloride in pelletizing;Meanwhile in pelletizing gold and other metallicses and Chlorine fully reacts, and is converted into metal chloride, and conversion ratio is higher.The metal chloride is present in roasting in a gaseous form In the flue gas of gained, because flue gas is different from the tailings physical property of roasting gained, the two natural separation.
The thermal source of the roasting is the fine coal or coal gas sprayed into by kiln hood.The index of the fine coal is:Calorific value >= 5500kcal/kg, granularity 80 μm >=90%, water content≤1%, volatile content >=25%, the ash content of coal≤10%.The coal The index of gas is:Calorific value > 1300kcal/Nm3
In step (3) of the present invention, condensation, the dedusting of flue gas are preferably applicable void tower-tubulent contact tower-electric demisting combination dress Put.The void tower, tubulent contact tower, electric demisting are this area routine techniques, the invention is not limited in this regard.Using void tower-rapid ball Tower-electric demisting combination unit, it is possible to achieve flue gas cools step by step, makes metal chloride fully condense, and ultra-fine in recovered flue gas Granular metal chloride, reduce the entrainment loss of valuable metal.
After flue gas condensing, dedusting, spray process is further carried out, collects the sprayed slurry of gained after spray.During spray, cigarette The volume ratio of gas and spray-water is 100~150Nm3/m3, preferably 120~130Nm3/m3
Pressure filtration is used to sprayed slurry, it is possible to achieve the metal such as the metal such as gold, silver and copper, zinc is sufficiently separated.Cross The pressure of filter is 0.4~0.7MPa, preferably 0.5~0.6MPa.
In step (4) of the present invention, filter cake is handled using Cyanide Leaching method, so as to obtain gold, silver therein Deng metal.The concentration of the sodium cyanide solution is 2~900g/L, preferably 10~50g/L, and pH value is 10~11;Filter cake is with matter Amount percentage 10~50% is dissolved in the sodium cyanide solution, and the mass percent is preferably 40~50%.This step is adopted Cyaniding is not particularly limited using the conventional operation in this area, the present invention.After cyanogenation is abundant, it can further use The conventional separation methods of this area, such as zinc dust precipitation-gold mud purifying method or activated carbon parsing electrolysis, respectively obtain gold and Silver.
In step (5) of the present invention, the pH value of filtrate is adjusted to after 9.5~10.5, fully reaction, can further adopted With the conventional separation methods of this area, such as method of cementation, copper and zinc is separately recovered.The method of cementation is normal for this area Rule method, it may include but following steps are not limited to, first addition agstone precipitates under the conditions of pH1~1.2 isolates gypsum, Then the precipitations of pH to 3 or so are adjusted and isolate chlorine oxygen bismuth, iron ore is added and is replaced in rotary drum and isolate copper sponge, then adjust pH Air oxidation iron removaling is used at 90 DEG C or so to 3.5~4, lime regulation pH to 9~10 is eventually adding and is settled out rough hydroxide The products such as zinc.
During step (4) of the present invention and (5) are reclaimed to metal, can produce it is a large amount of still containing micro gold, The solution of the metals such as silver, copper, zinc, after the solution being carried out into circulative accumulation, and the conventional method of this area is used to tired Metal after product is reclaimed, or is reclaimed after evaporation and concentration is handled as raw material of the present invention.
The present invention is using " batch mixing-profit grind-processed ball-drying-roasting-spray-ore pulp press filtration-metal recovery " technique, to gold Concentrate calcining carries out echelon recovery, and the golden rate of recovery can be up to more than 95%, the recovery of other valuable metals such as silver, copper, zinc Rate improves a lot compared with prior art up to more than 80%.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Using the aurin ore-roasting Jing Guo desulfurization, dearsenification as raw material, the middle gold content of the aurin ore-roasting is 45g/t, silver Content is 120g/t, copper content 0.5%, Zn content 0.52%, follows the steps below recovery:
(1) aurin ore-roasting 100kg, calcium chloride 7kg, bentonite 2kg are taken, fully profit mill, is well mixed, is prepared into particle diameter 10~15mm pelletizing, dried at 250 DEG C to the water content < 1% of pelletizing, it is standby;
(2) dried pelletizing obtained by step (1) is taken, the roasting of three stages is carried out in closed reducing rotary kiln, is collected Caused flue gas in roasting process;
Three stage is calcined:0.4h is calcined at 400 DEG C, is warming up to 1100 DEG C of roasting 1h, then be warming up to 1250 DEG C roasting 0.5h;
(3) after the flue gas is using void tower-tubulent contact tower-electric demisting combination unit condensation, dedusting, spray process, cigarette are carried out The ratio of gas and spray-water is 125Nm3/m3, collect spray gained slurries;The slurries filter under the conditions of pressure 0.6MPa, Obtain filter cake and filtrate;
(4) filter cake is taken, pH10.5, concentration are dissolved in as 20g/L sodium cyanide solution using mass percent 45%, filled Divide reaction, Jin Heyin is separately recovered using zinc dust precipitation-gold mud purifying method;
(5) filtrate is taken, adjustment pH value to 10, fully reaction, copper and zinc are separately recovered using method of cementation.
After testing, the golden rate of recovery is 96.3%, and the silver-colored rate of recovery is 86.4%, and the rate of recovery of copper is 86.6%, zinc The rate of recovery is 92.3%.
Embodiment 2
Compared with Example 1, differ only in, calcium chloride is replaced with sodium chloride in step (1);
After testing, the golden rate of recovery is 94.7%, and the silver-colored rate of recovery is 84.3%, and the rate of recovery of copper is 85.5%, zinc The rate of recovery is 90.4%.
Embodiment 3
Using the aurin ore-roasting Jing Guo desulfurization, dearsenification as raw material, the middle gold content of the aurin ore-roasting is 55g/t, silver Content is 200g/t, copper content 2%, Zn content 2%, follows the steps below recovery:
(1) aurin ore-roasting 100kg, calcium chloride 8kg, bentonite 3kg are taken, fully profit mill, is well mixed, is prepared into particle diameter 10~15mm pelletizing, dried at 260 DEG C to the water content < 1% of pelletizing, it is standby;
(2) dried pelletizing obtained by step (1) is taken, the roasting of three stages is carried out in closed reducing rotary kiln, is collected Caused flue gas in roasting process;
Three stage is calcined:0.5h is calcined at 500 DEG C, is warming up to 1100 DEG C of roasting 1h, then be warming up to 1300 DEG C roasting 0.5h;
(3) after the flue gas is using void tower-tubulent contact tower-electric demisting combination unit condensation, dedusting, spray process, cigarette are carried out The ratio of gas and spray-water is 130Nm3/m3, collect spray gained slurries;The slurries filter under the conditions of pressure 0.6MPa, Obtain filter cake and filtrate;
(4) take the filter cake, using mass percent 50% be dissolved in pH11, concentration as 50g/L sodium cyanide solution, fully Reaction, Jin Heyin is separately recovered using zinc dust precipitation-gold mud purifying method;
(5) filtrate is taken, adjustment pH value to 10.5, fully reaction, copper and zinc are separately recovered using method of cementation.
After testing, the golden rate of recovery is 95.4%, and the silver-colored rate of recovery is 84.7%, and the rate of recovery of copper is 86.4%, zinc The rate of recovery is 91.7%.
Embodiment 4
Using the aurin ore-roasting Jing Guo desulfurization, dearsenification as raw material, the middle gold content of the aurin ore-roasting is 30g/t, silver Content is 100g/t, copper content 0.1%, Zn content 0.1%, follows the steps below recovery:
(1) aurin ore-roasting 100kg, calcium chloride 5kg, bentonite 1kg are taken, fully profit mill, is well mixed, is prepared into particle diameter 10~15mm pelletizing, dried at 240 DEG C to the water content < 1% of pelletizing, it is standby;
(2) dried pelletizing obtained by step (1) is taken, the roasting of three stages is carried out in closed reducing rotary kiln, is collected Caused flue gas in roasting process;
Three stage is calcined:0.3h is calcined at 300 DEG C, is warming up to 1000 DEG C of roasting 0.8h, then be warming up to 1200 DEG C of roasting 0.4h;
(3) after the flue gas is using void tower-tubulent contact tower-electric demisting combination unit condensation, dedusting, spray process, cigarette are carried out The ratio of gas and spray-water is 120Nm3/m3, collect spray gained slurries;The slurries filter under the conditions of pressure 0.5MPa, Obtain filter cake and filtrate;
(4) take the filter cake, using mass percent 40% be dissolved in pH10, concentration as 10g/L sodium cyanide solution, fully Reaction, Jin Heyin is separately recovered using zinc dust precipitation-gold mud purifying method;
(5) filtrate is taken, adjustment pH value to 9.5, fully reaction, copper and zinc are separately recovered using method of cementation.
After testing, the golden rate of recovery is 93.8%, and the silver-colored rate of recovery is 83.7%, and the rate of recovery of copper is 84.6%, zinc The rate of recovery is 88.7%.
Embodiment 5
Using the aurin ore-roasting Jing Guo desulfurization, dearsenification as raw material, the middle gold content of the aurin ore-roasting is 55g/t, silver Content is 200g/t, copper content 2%, Zn content 2%, follows the steps below recovery:
(1) aurin ore-roasting 100kg, calcium chloride 10kg, bentonite 5kg are taken, fully profit mill, is well mixed, prepares granulating 15~20mm of footpath pelletizing, dried at 260 DEG C to the water content < 1% of pelletizing, it is standby;
(2) dried pelletizing obtained by step (1) is taken, the roasting of three stages is carried out in closed reducing rotary kiln, is collected Caused flue gas in roasting process;
Three stage is calcined:0.5h is calcined at 700 DEG C, is warming up to 1100 DEG C of roasting 1h, then be warming up to 1300 DEG C roasting 0.5h;
(3) after the flue gas is using void tower-tubulent contact tower-electric demisting combination unit condensation, dedusting, spray process, cigarette are carried out The ratio of gas and spray-water is 150Nm3/m3, collect spray gained slurries;The slurries filter under the conditions of pressure 0.7MPa, Obtain filter cake and filtrate;
(4) filter cake is taken, pH11, concentration are dissolved in as 900g/L sodium cyanide solution using mass percent 50%, filled Divide reaction, Jin Heyin is separately recovered using zinc dust precipitation-gold mud purifying method;
(5) filtrate is taken, adjustment pH value to 10.5, fully reaction, copper and zinc are separately recovered using method of cementation.
After testing, the golden rate of recovery is 93.4%, and the silver-colored rate of recovery is 82.8%, and the rate of recovery of copper is 83.7%, zinc The rate of recovery is 87.9%.
Embodiment 6
Using the aurin ore-roasting Jing Guo desulfurization, dearsenification as raw material, the middle gold content of the aurin ore-roasting is 10g/t, silver Content is 5g/t, copper content 0.1%, Zn content 0.1%, follows the steps below recovery:
(1) aurin ore-roasting 100kg, calcium chloride 1kg are taken, fully profit mill, is well mixed, is prepared into 5~10mm's of particle diameter Pelletizing, dried at 240 DEG C to the water content < 1% of pelletizing, it is standby;
(2) dried pelletizing obtained by step (1) is taken, the roasting of three stages is carried out in closed reducing rotary kiln, is collected Caused flue gas in roasting process;
Three stage is calcined:0.1h is calcined at 200 DEG C, is warming up to 700 DEG C of roasting 0.3h, then be warming up to 1100 DEG C roasting 0.2h;
(3) after the flue gas is using void tower-tubulent contact tower-electric demisting combination unit condensation, dedusting, spray process, cigarette are carried out The ratio of gas and spray-water is 100Nm3/m3, collect spray gained slurries;The slurries filter under the conditions of pressure 0.4MPa, Obtain filter cake and filtrate;
(4) take the filter cake, using mass percent 10% be dissolved in pH10, concentration as 2g/L sodium cyanide solution, fully Reaction, Jin Heyin is separately recovered using zinc dust precipitation-gold mud purifying method;
(5) filtrate is taken, adjustment pH value to 9.5, fully reaction, copper and zinc are separately recovered using method of cementation.
After testing, the golden rate of recovery is 92.2%, and the silver-colored rate of recovery is 81.8%, and the rate of recovery of copper is 82.7%, zinc The rate of recovery is 86.5%.
Comparative example 1
Compared with Example 1, differ only in, step (2) is described to be roasted to single stage roasting, is specially:1100 DEG C roasting 2h.
After testing, the golden rate of recovery is 92.5%, and the silver-colored rate of recovery is 81.7%, and the rate of recovery of copper is 82.4%, zinc The rate of recovery is 87.3%.
Comparative example 2
Compared with Example 1, differ only in, step (2) is described to be roasted to two-stage roasting, is specially:In 400 DEG C of roastings 0.5h is burnt, is warming up to 1100 DEG C of roasting 1.5h.
After testing, the golden rate of recovery is 93.6%, and the silver-colored rate of recovery is 83.6%, and the rate of recovery of copper is 83.3%, zinc The rate of recovery is 88.7%.
Although above the present invention is made to retouch in detail with general explanation, embodiment and experiment State, but on the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this is apparent to those skilled in the art 's.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, are belonged to claimed Scope.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of aurin ore-roasting multielement echelon recovery method, it is characterised in that the described method comprises the following steps:
(1) 0~5 part of 1~10 part of 100 parts of aurin ore-roasting, chloride, the binding agent of desulfurization, dearsenification are taken, fully profit mill, mixing Uniformly, 5~20mm of particle diameter pelletizing is prepared into, it is standby after drying;
(2) dried pelletizing obtained by step (1) is taken, carries out the roasting of three stages, collects caused flue gas in roasting process;
Three stage is calcined:200~700 DEG C be calcined 0.1~0.5h, be warming up to 700~1100 DEG C roasting 0.3~ 1h, then it is warming up to 1100~1300 DEG C of 0.2~0.5h of roasting;
(3) spray process will be carried out, the volume ratio of flue gas and spray-water is 100~150Nm after the flue gas condensing, dedusting3/ m3, collect spray gained slurries;The slurries filter under the conditions of 0.4~0.7MPa of pressure, obtain filter cake and filtrate;
(4) filter cake is taken, is dissolved in sodium cyanide solution, fully reaction, Jin Heyin is separately recovered;
(5) filtrate is taken, adjustment pH value to 9.5~10.5, fully reaction, copper and zinc is separately recovered.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in the aurin ore-roasting, gold content is 10~55g/t, Silver content is 5~200g/t, and copper content is 0.1~2%, and Zn content is 0.1~2%.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) described chloride is calcium chloride, sodium chloride or chlorine Change magnesium;
The dosage of the chloride is 6~8 parts.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) described binding agent is bentonite;
The dosage of the binding agent is 1~3 part.
5. according to the method described in any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that step (1) described drying is specially:240 ~260 DEG C of dryings, make the water content < 5% of pelletizing after drying.
6. according to the method described in any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that step (2) the three stages roasting is specific For:0.3~0.5h is calcined at 300~500 DEG C, is warming up to 1000~1100 DEG C of 0.8~1h of roasting, then be warming up to 1200~1300 DEG C roasting 0.4~0.5h.
7. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterised in that step (2) roasting is in closed straight tube kiln or reducing Carried out in rotary kiln.
8. according to the method described in any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that in step (4), the sodium cyanide solution Concentration is 2~900g/L, and pH value is 10~11;Filter cake is dissolved in the sodium cyanide solution with mass percent 10~50%.
9. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that using the aurin ore-roasting Jing Guo desulfurization, dearsenification as raw material, institute The middle gold content for stating aurin ore-roasting is 30~55g/t, silver content is 100~200g/t, copper content is 0.1~2%, Zn content For 0.1~2%, recovery is followed the steps below:
(1) 100 parts of aurin ore-roasting, 5~8 parts of calcium chloride, 1~3 part of bentonite are taken, fully profit mill, is well mixed, prepares granulating 10~15mm of footpath pelletizing, dried at 240~260 DEG C to the water content < 1% of pelletizing, it is standby;
(2) dried pelletizing obtained by step (1) is taken, the roasting of three stages is carried out in closed reducing rotary kiln, collects roasting During caused flue gas;
Three stage is calcined:0.3~0.5h is calcined at 300~500 DEG C, is warming up to 1000~1100 DEG C of roastings 0.8 ~1h, then it is warming up to 1200~1300 DEG C of 0.4~0.5h of roasting;
(3) after the flue gas is using the condensation of void tower-tubulent contact tower-electric demisting combination unit, dedusting, carry out spray process, flue gas with The ratio of spray-water is 120~130Nm3/m3, collect spray gained slurries;The slurries are in pressure 0.5~0.6MPa conditions Lower filtering, obtains filter cake and filtrate;
(4) take the filter cake, using mass percent 40~50% be dissolved in pH10~11, concentration as 10~50g/L Cymag After solution, fully reaction, Jin Heyin is separately recovered using zinc dust precipitation-gold mud purifying method;
(5) take the filtrate, after adjustment pH value to 9.5~10.5, fully reaction, using method of cementation be separately recovered copper and Zinc.
10. according to the method described in Claims 1 to 4 or 9 any one, it is characterised in that the thermal source of the roasting is fine coal Or coal gas;The index of the fine coal is:Calorific value >=5500kcal/kg, granularity 80 μm >=90%, water content≤1%, fugitive constituent contains Amount >=25%, the ash content of coal≤10%;The index of the coal gas is:Calorific value > 1300kcal/Nm3
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