CN104845318A - Modified PC/PTT/carbon nanotube composite material - Google Patents

Modified PC/PTT/carbon nanotube composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104845318A
CN104845318A CN201410732613.4A CN201410732613A CN104845318A CN 104845318 A CN104845318 A CN 104845318A CN 201410732613 A CN201410732613 A CN 201410732613A CN 104845318 A CN104845318 A CN 104845318A
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ptt
carbon nanotube
modification
matrix material
weight ratio
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不公告发明人
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Qingdao Jiayiyang Industry and Trade Co Ltd
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Qingdao Jiayiyang Industry and Trade Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201410732613.4A priority Critical patent/CN104845318A/en
Publication of CN104845318A publication Critical patent/CN104845318A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
    • C08J3/22—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques
    • C08J3/226—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques using a polymer as a carrier
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9258—Velocity
    • B29C2948/9259—Angular velocity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2369/00—Characterised by the use of polycarbonates; Derivatives of polycarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2467/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/04—Antistatic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a modified PC/PTT/carbon nanotube composite material. The material comprises the following components by mass percentage: 30% to 60% of PC, 10% to 30% of PTT, 5% to 15% of modified carbon nanotube, 2% to 4% of E-MA-GMA, 5% to 10% of ACR, 0.1% to 0.5% of an antioxidant, 0.1% to 1% of a lubricant, 0.1% to 1% of a flame retardant and 8% to 12% of glass fiber. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the modified PC/PTT/carbon nanotube composite material uses PC/PTT as matrixes, thereby integrating advantages of PC and PTT; meanwhile, since the material uses carbon nanotube as a functional filler, heat-conductive and antistatic performances of the material is greatly improved, so good comprehensive performance is obtained, and the material has the advantages of high strength, good flame-retardant property and excellent heat-conductive and antistatic performances.

Description

A kind of matrix material of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of polymer materials, specifically a kind of matrix material of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube.
Background technology
Polycarbonate (PC) is because of molecular rigidity and sterically hindered larger, its melt temperature is higher, processing difficulties, be difficult to obtained large thin-wall goods, and goods unrelieved stress is large, easily stress cracking occurs, and PC is to notch sensitive, stability to hydrolysis resistance and solvent resistance bad, these defects make PC be restricted in actual applications.Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate) (PTT) is the fast new polyester material of a kind of crystallization velocity, be easy to realize high-speed molding, and there is excellent solvent resistance, but the molding shrinkage of its goods is large, there is the shortcomings such as rigidity is not enough under notched Izod impact strength low and high temperature.The deficiencies such as PC chemical resistant properties is poor, forming process is difficult are overcome by blended for PC and PTT, also can make up the defects such as PTT poor heat resistance, impact property are not high, molding shrinkage is large, thus PC/PTT has extensive use in automobile, household electrical appliance, electric, sports goods etc.But because PC is non-crystalline polymer, PTT is semi-crystalline polymer, PC/PTT belongs to typically noncrystalline with crystalline polymer co-mixing system, and interfacial adhesion is bad between the two, and this will cause the problem that the shock strength of PC/PTT is lower, mechanical property is bad.In order to obtain high performance PC/PTT material, often need to add three components, to promote its properties and application effect.Carbon nanotube is owing to having excellent heat-conductivity conducting performance and high intensity, and there is excellent wear-resisting resistance to antifatigue burn into high-heat performance, with carbon nanotube and PC/PTT compound, by giving the new performance of PC/PTT, thus there is good practical value and significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of good combination property and there is the matrix material of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube of excellent heat conducting antistatic property.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of matrix material of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube, and its component by mass percent proportioning is: PC 30% ~ 60%, PTT 10% ~ 30%, modified carbon nano-tube 5% ~ 15%, E-MA-GMA 2% ~ 4%, ACR 5% ~ 10%, oxidation inhibitor 0.1% ~ 0.5%, lubricant 0.1% ~ 1%, fire retardant 0.1% ~ 1%, glass fibre 8% ~ 12%.
Described PC is bisphenol A-type aromatic copolycarbonate.
Described PTT is Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate).
Described modified carbon nano-tube be surface through oxidation pre-treatment and γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent activation treatment and particle diameter in 0.5 ~ 200nm, length at the carbon nanotube of 5 ~ 20 μm.
Described E-MA-GMA is compatilizer ethylene-ethylacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate triblock copolymer.
Described ACR has the toughness reinforcing Methylacrylate-Acrylate Copolymer of nucleocapsid structure.
Described oxidation inhibitor is the one in the compound of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1076, antioxidant 1010 or antioxidant 1076 and irgasfos 168.
Described lubricant is pentaerythritol stearate or modification ethylene bis-fatty acid amides.
Described fire retardant is the perfluorobutyl potassium of mass ratio 1:5 and the mixture of tetrafluoroethylene.
Described glass fibre be surface through γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent treatment and mean diameter at the alkali-free short glass fiber of 4 ~ 17 μm.
The preparation method of the matrix material of above-mentioned a kind of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube, comprises the following steps:
(1), by PC and PTT in forced air circulation baking oven at 110 DEG C ~ 130 DEG C temperature dry 6 ~ 8 hours, stand-by;
(2), by particle diameter at 0.5 ~ 200nm, length reaches in the mass content that the carbon nanotube of 5 ~ 20 μm is placed in volume ratio 3:1 the mixed acid solution that more than 98% sulfuric acid and mass content reach more than 60% nitric acid, under ultra-sonic oscillation and mechanical stirring, process 2 ~ 4h, then use a large amount of washed with de-ionized water to neutral, again the carbon nanotube obtained is placed in mass content 0.1% ~ 1% the deionized water solution ultrasonic disperse 2 ~ 4h of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent, then filter, and by gained much filtrate in 120 DEG C ~ 150 DEG C vacuum drying oven drying 12 ~ 36h, obtain described modified carbon nano-tube, stand-by,
(3), taking dry PTT by weight ratio adds in super mixer, and add ACR, oxidation inhibitor, lubricant, fire retardant by weight ratio, make to be mixed together 3 ~ 5 minutes, after fully mixing, discharging adds twin screw extruder and melt extrudes pelletizing and after drying, namely obtain a kind of PTT composite master batch;
(4), taking dry PC by weight ratio adds in super mixer, add the PTT composite master batch that the obtained modified carbon nano-tube of step (2) and step (3) obtain again by weight ratio, and add compatilizer E-MA-GMA by weight ratio, make to be mixed together 3 ~ 5 minutes, after fully mixing, discharging adds the main spout of twin screw extruder, add described glass fibre by weight ratio from the side spout of twin screw extruder simultaneously, by twin screw extruder melting mixing 1 ~ 2 minute, screw speed controls at 150 ~ 500r/min, processing temperature is 210 DEG C ~ 280 DEG C scopes, then extruding pelletization, obtain the matrix material of a kind of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube of the present invention.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the present invention is using PC/PTT as matrix, combine PC, PTT advantage separately, use carbon nanotube as functional stuffing simultaneously, will greatly improve the heat conduction antistatic performance of material, thus there is good over-all properties, its mechanical property is good, intensity is high, and flame retardant properties is good, heat conduction antistatic excellent property.
Embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of matrix material of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube, its component by mass percent proportioning is: PC 42%, PTT 30%, modified carbon nano-tube 10%, E-MA-GMA 4%, ACR 5%, antioxidant 1010 0.1%, pentaerythritol stearate 0.7%, fire retardant 0.2%, glass fibre 8%, described modified carbon nano-tube is that surface is through oxidation pre-treatment and γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent activation treatment, and particle diameter is at 0.5 ~ 200nm, length is at the carbon nanotube of 5 ~ 20 μm, described fire retardant is the perfluorobutyl potassium of mass ratio 1:5 and the mixture of tetrafluoroethylene, described glass fibre is that surface is through γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent treatment, and mean diameter is at the alkali-free short glass fiber of 4 ~ 17 μm.
Preparation method: (1), by PC and PTT in forced air circulation baking oven at 110 DEG C ~ 130 DEG C temperature dry 6 ~ 8 hours, stand-by, (2), by particle diameter at 0.5 ~ 200nm, length reaches in the mass content that the carbon nanotube of 5 ~ 20 μm is placed in volume ratio 3:1 the mixed acid solution that more than 98% sulfuric acid and mass content reach more than 60% nitric acid, under ultra-sonic oscillation and mechanical stirring, process 2 ~ 4h, then use a large amount of washed with de-ionized water to neutral, again the carbon nanotube obtained is placed in mass content 0.1% ~ 1% the deionized water solution ultrasonic disperse 2 ~ 4h of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent, then filter, and by gained much filtrate in 120 DEG C ~ 150 DEG C vacuum drying oven drying 12 ~ 36h, obtain described modified carbon nano-tube, stand-by, (3), taking dry PTT by weight ratio adds in super mixer, and add ACR, antioxidant 1010, pentaerythritol stearate, fire retardant by weight ratio, make to be mixed together 3 ~ 5 minutes, after fully mixing, discharging adds twin screw extruder and melt extrudes pelletizing and after drying, namely obtain a kind of PTT composite master batch, (4), taking dry PC by weight ratio adds in super mixer, add the PTT composite master batch that the obtained modified carbon nano-tube of step (2) and step (3) obtain again by weight ratio, and add compatilizer E-MA-GMA by weight ratio, make to be mixed together 3 ~ 5 minutes, after fully mixing, discharging adds the main spout of twin screw extruder, add described glass fibre by weight ratio from the side spout of twin screw extruder simultaneously, by twin screw extruder melting mixing 1 ~ 2 minute, screw speed controls at 150 ~ 500r/min, processing temperature is 210 DEG C ~ 280 DEG C scopes, then extruding pelletization, obtain the matrix material of a kind of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube of the present invention.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of matrix material of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube, its component by mass percent proportioning is: PC 55%, PTT 20%, modified carbon nano-tube 5%, E-MA-GMA 2.5%, ACR 5%, the compound 0.1% of antioxidant 1076 and irgasfos 168, modification ethylene bis-fatty acid amides 0.3%, fire retardant 0.1%, glass fibre 12%, described modified carbon nano-tube is that surface is through oxidation pre-treatment and γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent activation treatment, and particle diameter is at 0.5 ~ 200nm, length is at the carbon nanotube of 5 ~ 20 μm, described fire retardant is the perfluorobutyl potassium of mass ratio 1:5 and the mixture of tetrafluoroethylene, described glass fibre is that surface is through γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent treatment, and mean diameter is at the alkali-free short glass fiber of 4 ~ 17 μm.
Preparation method: (1), by PC and PTT in forced air circulation baking oven at 110 DEG C ~ 130 DEG C temperature dry 6 ~ 8 hours, stand-by, (2), by particle diameter at 0.5 ~ 200nm, length reaches in the mass content that the carbon nanotube of 5 ~ 20 μm is placed in volume ratio 3:1 the mixed acid solution that more than 98% sulfuric acid and mass content reach more than 60% nitric acid, under ultra-sonic oscillation and mechanical stirring, process 2 ~ 4h, then use a large amount of washed with de-ionized water to neutral, again the carbon nanotube obtained is placed in mass content 0.1% ~ 1% the deionized water solution ultrasonic disperse 2 ~ 4h of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent, then filter, and by gained much filtrate in 120 DEG C ~ 150 DEG C vacuum drying oven drying 12 ~ 36h, obtain described modified carbon nano-tube, stand-by, (3), taking dry PTT by weight ratio adds in super mixer, and add compound, modification ethylene bis-fatty acid amides, the fire retardant of ACR, antioxidant 1076 and irgasfos 168 by weight ratio, make to be mixed together 3 ~ 5 minutes, after fully mixing, discharging adds twin screw extruder and melt extrudes pelletizing and after drying, namely obtain a kind of PTT composite master batch, (4), taking dry PC by weight ratio adds in super mixer, add the PTT composite master batch that the obtained modified carbon nano-tube of step (2) and step (3) obtain again by weight ratio, and add compatilizer E-MA-GMA by weight ratio, make to be mixed together 3 ~ 5 minutes, after fully mixing, discharging adds the main spout of twin screw extruder, add described glass fibre by weight ratio from the side spout of twin screw extruder simultaneously, by twin screw extruder melting mixing 1 ~ 2 minute, screw speed controls at 150 ~ 500r/min, processing temperature is 210 DEG C ~ 280 DEG C scopes, then extruding pelletization, obtain the matrix material of a kind of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. the matrix material of a modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube, it is characterized in that, its component by mass percent proportioning is: PC 30% ~ 60%, PTT 10% ~ 30%, modified carbon nano-tube 5% ~ 15%, E-MA-GMA 2% ~ 4%, ACR 5% ~ 10%, oxidation inhibitor 0.1% ~ 0.5%, lubricant 0.1% ~ 1%, fire retardant 0.1% ~ 1%, glass fibre 8% ~ 12%.
2. the matrix material of a kind of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described modified carbon nano-tube be surface through oxidation pre-treatment and γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent activation treatment and particle diameter in 0.5 ~ 200nm, length at the carbon nanotube of 5 ~ 20 μm.
3. the matrix material of a kind of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described lubricant is pentaerythritol stearate or modification ethylene bis-fatty acid amides.
4. the matrix material of a kind of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fire retardant is the perfluorobutyl potassium of mass ratio 1:5 and the mixture of tetrafluoroethylene.
5. the matrix material of a kind of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described glass fibre be surface through γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent treatment and mean diameter at the alkali-free short glass fiber of 4 ~ 17 μm.
6. the preparation method of the matrix material of a kind of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1), by PC and PTT in forced air circulation baking oven at 110 DEG C ~ 130 DEG C temperature dry 6 ~ 8 hours, stand-by;
(2), by particle diameter at 0.5 ~ 200nm, length reaches in the mass content that the carbon nanotube of 5 ~ 20 μm is placed in volume ratio 3:1 the mixed acid solution that more than 98% sulfuric acid and mass content reach more than 60% nitric acid, under ultra-sonic oscillation and mechanical stirring, process 2 ~ 4h, then use a large amount of washed with de-ionized water to neutral, again the carbon nanotube obtained is placed in mass content 0.1% ~ 1% the deionized water solution ultrasonic disperse 2 ~ 4h of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent, then filter, and by gained much filtrate in 120 DEG C ~ 150 DEG C vacuum drying oven drying 12 ~ 36h, obtain described modified carbon nano-tube, stand-by,
(3), taking dry PTT by weight ratio adds in super mixer, and add ACR, oxidation inhibitor, lubricant, fire retardant by weight ratio, make to be mixed together 3 ~ 5 minutes, after fully mixing, discharging adds twin screw extruder and melt extrudes pelletizing and after drying, namely obtain a kind of PTT composite master batch;
(4), taking dry PC by weight ratio adds in super mixer, add the PTT composite master batch that the obtained modified carbon nano-tube of step (2) and step (3) obtain again by weight ratio, and add compatilizer E-MA-GMA by weight ratio, make to be mixed together 3 ~ 5 minutes, after fully mixing, discharging adds the main spout of twin screw extruder, add described glass fibre by weight ratio from the side spout of twin screw extruder simultaneously, by twin screw extruder melting mixing 1 ~ 2 minute, screw speed controls at 150 ~ 500r/min, processing temperature is 210 DEG C ~ 280 DEG C scopes, then extruding pelletization, obtain the matrix material of a kind of modification PC/PTT/ carbon nanotube of the present invention.
CN201410732613.4A 2014-12-07 2014-12-07 Modified PC/PTT/carbon nanotube composite material Pending CN104845318A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201410732613.4A CN104845318A (en) 2014-12-07 2014-12-07 Modified PC/PTT/carbon nanotube composite material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201410732613.4A CN104845318A (en) 2014-12-07 2014-12-07 Modified PC/PTT/carbon nanotube composite material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN104845318A true CN104845318A (en) 2015-08-19

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Country Status (1)

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