CN104843770A - Method of resource utilization of tin sludge - Google Patents
Method of resource utilization of tin sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN104843770A CN104843770A CN201510144521.9A CN201510144521A CN104843770A CN 104843770 A CN104843770 A CN 104843770A CN 201510144521 A CN201510144521 A CN 201510144521A CN 104843770 A CN104843770 A CN 104843770A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a method of resource utilization of tin sludge, comprising: pre-treating tin sludge, drying the tin sludge until the weight of the tin sludge no longer changes, powdering the tin sludge, roasting at 500 DEG C~1000 DEG C, post-treating the roasted product, and finally obtaining the final product which includes nano-sized tin dioxide. When the method disclosed by the invention is used for resource treatment of tin sludge, the obtained nano-sized tin dioxide product has controllable granularity, higher added value and broad application prospects. Moreover the method is simple in steps, easy to implement, relatively low in investing and operating cost and easy to popularize and apply.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that tin mud resource utilizes.
Background technology
In electroplating process or in the process such as tin ore exploitation, all can produce stanniferous solid waste, be called for short " tin mud " at this, along with the development of industry, the tin mud produced gets more and more.For eleetrotinplate production process, the effective ingredient Sn of tin plating electrolyte
2+be easy to by the Fe of the oxygen in air, steel plate stripping
3+etc. oxidizing be Sn
4+.Sn
4+cannot be utilized, and easily form SnO
2, Sn (OH)
4deng precipitation or form complex compound with the organism in plating solution, these materials form tin mud together with the throw out such as other metallic impurity in a small amount of plating solution.In actual production process, the loss amount of tin element is about 10%.For the insoluble anode electrotinning lines of annual production 200000 tons, every annual tin element loss amount is about 100 tons, and the weight of the wet tin mud of generation is about 800 tons.If do not utilized by these tin mud resources, then can cause the very large wasting of resources.
The following two kinds of methods of main employing carry out recycling treatment to tin mud at present.
First method is dissolved in after in acid by tin mud, add reductive agent with by tin element Restore All contained in tin mud for simple substance tin, and then melting is carried out to it, finally obtains metallic tin.Although the method can obtain metallic tin, because foreign matter content in the metallic tin that finally obtains is higher, therefore can not be directly used in if eleetrotinplate etc. is in the higher industrial production of purity requirement.In addition, adopt the facility investment expense of the method and running cost all higher.
Another kind method is by the body refuse block oxidizing roasting of tin mud, then carries out hydrogen reduction with annealing furnace, obtains metallic tin or tin protoxide.Facility investment expense and the running cost of employing the method are also very high, and general manufacturer does not possess this ability, therefore causes the application of the method less yet.
In addition, except except eleetrotinplate, in other process such as plating or tin ore exploitation, also can produce tin mud, the Theil indices in these tin mud is slightly lower than the Theil indices in electrotinning lines, if but it is not recycled, also will cause the very large wasting of resources.
Therefore, a kind of method that tin mud resource feasible and easy to implement utilizes is needed badly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that tin mud resource utilizes.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method utilizing the nano-stannic oxide that the clay standby purity of tin is higher.
According to one embodiment of present invention, provide a kind of method utilizing the clay standby nano-stannic oxide of tin, said method comprising the steps of: tin mud is dried, until the weight of tin mud no longer changes, obtains dry tin mud; Make tin mud powdered, to obtain tin mud powder; High-temperature roasting, obtains product of roasting, and product of roasting comprises nano-stannic oxide.
According to an aspect of the present invention, after carrying out roasting to tin mud powder, described method can also comprise the following steps: add acid and wash product of roasting, and utilizes distilled water rinsing to neutral, solid-liquid separation post-drying.
According to an aspect of the present invention, described method can also be included in carries out pre-treatment by before the oven dry of tin mud to tin mud, pretreated step comprises: in tin mud, add distilled water and stir, and then while stirring, adds superoxol, continue to stir, until no longer heat release, thus obtain the first mixing solutions, wherein, based on the weight of tin mud, by 10mL/g
tin mud~ 20mL/g
tin mudamount add distilled water, by 0.7mL/g
tin mud~ 1mL/g
tin mudamount add superoxol; Solid-liquid separation is carried out to the first mixing solutions, with the organism washing precipitate dissolved each other with water, then uses distilled water rinsing.
According to an aspect of the present invention, can by drying the step performing and dried by tin mud at 50 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C.
According to an aspect of the present invention, tin mud powdered can be made while tin mud is dried.
According to an aspect of the present invention, can by grinding the step performing and make dry tin mud powdered.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the step of high-temperature roasting can comprise tin mud powder is carried out roasting at 500 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C.
According to the present invention, can obtain but be not limited to following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention is directed to tin mud and carry out recycling treatment, the nano-stannic oxide product granularity obtained is controlled, and added value is higher, has broad application prospects.
(2) step of the present invention is simple, easy to implement, and investment running cost is lower, is easy to apply.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By the detailed description of carrying out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, above and other objects of the present invention, feature and advantage will become apparent, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schema utilizing the clay standby nano-stannic oxide of tin according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schema utilizing the clay standby nano-stannic oxide of tin according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schema utilizing the clay standby nano-stannic oxide of tin according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 composes according to the XRD figure of the clay standby nano-stannic oxide product of tin that utilizes of one exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 schemes according to the SEM of the clay standby nano-stannic oxide product of tin that utilizes of one exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 composes according to the XRD figure of the clay standby nano-stannic oxide product of tin that utilizes of another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 schemes according to the SEM of the clay standby nano-stannic oxide product of tin that utilizes of another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described more fully.But they can be implemented in different forms, and should not be construed as the embodiment being confined to set forth here.On the contrary, provide these embodiments to make the disclosure to be thoroughly with complete, and the scope example embodiment is conveyed to those skilled in the art fully.
Can be the tin mud produced in eleetrotinplate production process according to the tin mud of exemplary embodiment of the present invention, also can be the tin mud produced in other process such as plating or tin ore exploitation.But the present invention is not limited thereto, tin mud can be other any suitable tin mud containing tin according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Below, in order to clearly be described, the tin mud produced exemplarily is described according to the method utilizing the clay standby nano-stannic oxide of tin of the present invention in eleetrotinplate production process.
Fig. 1 is the schema utilizing the clay standby nano-stannic oxide of tin according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 2 is the schema utilizing the clay standby nano-stannic oxide of tin according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 3 is the schema utilizing the clay standby nano-stannic oxide of tin according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.The method utilized according to the tin mud resource of exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described in detail hereinafter with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3.
With reference to Fig. 1, the tin mud drum produced in eleetrotinplate production process draws together SnO, SnO
2, Sn (OH)
2, Sn (OH)
4, Sn
4+the complex compound formed with organism and other precipitated metal thing, but the present invention is not limited thereto, in tin mud, also may comprise other compound containing Sn or Sn
2+the complex compound formed with organism.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, other precipitated metal thing can be included in the Fe from steel plate stripping in the process of eleetrotinplate
3+the Fe (OH) formed
3, but the present invention is not limited thereto, can also comprise such as Cu (OH)
2, Mg (OH)
2, Zn (OH)
2deng other precipitated metal thing.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the tin mud that first will wet is dried, and obtains dry tin mud.Under the teachings of the present invention, those skilled in the art can select suitable equipment, bake out temperature and drying time to dry wet tin mud, till the weight of wet tin mud no longer changes.The water content of concrete bake out temperature and drying time and wet tin mud is closely related, can perform the oven dry of any appropriate time, at any suitable temperature till the weight of tin mud no longer changes.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, dry 1h ~ 5h at wet tin mud can being placed in 50 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C and obtain dry tin mud.Such as, wet tin mud can be dried 5h at 50 DEG C and obtain dry tin mud, wet tin mud can be dried 4.5h at 60 DEG C and obtain dry tin mud, wet tin mud can be dried 4h at 70 DEG C and obtain dry tin mud, wet tin mud can be dried 3h at 80 DEG C and obtain dry tin mud, or wet tin mud can be obtained dry tin mud at 90 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C oven dry 1 ~ 2h.When bake out temperature is higher than 100 DEG C, the waste of the energy can be caused on the one hand, some composition generation change chemically in tin mud may be caused on the other hand; When bake out temperature is lower than 50 DEG C, drying time can be made long, reduce drying efficiency.
Next, make tin mud powdered, to obtain tin mud powder.
Can make tin mud powdered by grinding dry tin mud, suitable Ginding process can be used to grind dry tin mud, such as, centrifugal grinding method, revolution polishing or vibro-grinding method, as long as can make tin mud powdered.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the granularity of tin mud powder is less than or equal to 50 μm, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and according to the requirement of the granularity to final product or follow-up roasting equipment used, suitably can regulate the degree of grind of dry tin mud.Such as, when follow-up roasting apparatus heats up comparatively slow, when maturing temperature is lower, the granularity after dry tin mud grinding can suitably be greater than 50 μm.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, also tin mud powdered can be made while tin mud is dried.Such as, when drying modes such as using air stream drying is dried tin mud, tin mud powdered can be made simultaneously.
Next, tin mud powder is carried out roasting at 500 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C, thus obtains product of roasting.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, roasting time specifically can be determined according to used equipment, and without the need to carrying out other restriction to it.According to one embodiment of present invention, tin mud powder roasting 2h at 700 DEG C can be obtained product of roasting.According to another embodiment of the present invention, tin mud powder roasting 1h at 800 DEG C can be obtained product of roasting.Under the teachings of the present invention, those skilled in the art can select suitable device to carry out roasting to tin mud powder.
As mentioned above, tin mud drum draws together SnO, SnO
2, Sn (OH)
2, Sn (OH)
4, Sn
4+the complex compound formed with organism and other precipitated metal thing.In roasting process, can there is following physics or chemical transformation in the various materials in tin mud: SnO can be oxidized by oxygen as tindioxide in roasting process; For Sn (OH)
2, Sn (OH)
2can first oxidized generation Sn (OH)
4, then Sn (OH)
4there is decomposition reaction again and generate SnO
2, or, Sn (OH)
2first can there is decomposition reaction and generate SnO, then SnO oxidized generation SnO again
2; Decomposition can occur organic complex in the process or physics volatilizees thus is removed; Can be there is decomposition reaction and obtain metal oxide and stay in product of roasting in other precipitated metal, such as, Fe (OH) in precipitated metal thing
3, decompose and generate ferric oxide and stay in product of roasting, the Cu (OH) in precipitated metal thing
2, decompose and generate cupric oxide and stay in product of roasting.Wherein, Sn (OH)
4decomposition reaction as shown in Equation 1.
(formula 1)
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, when maturing temperature is lower than 500 DEG C, temperature of reaction is not enough to make Sn (OH)
4reaction generates tindioxide, or is not enough to make Sn (OH)
4total overall reaction generates tindioxide, also likely makes partial organic substances or complex compound not reach decomposition temperature in addition, and causing cannot by organism or complex compound removing; When maturing temperature is higher than 1000 DEG C, the waste of the energy can be caused, and the granularity of tindioxide can be made to increase.According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, when being less than 1h upon firing, Sn (OH) can be made
4reaction insufficient; When being greater than 3h upon firing, the waste of the energy can be caused.But the present invention is not limited thereto, roasting time is also relevant with roasting apparatus, when adopted roasting apparatus can realize making tin mud to be heated more evenly or heat transfer efficiency is higher, roasting time also can suitably shorten.
According to the reaction that material various in tin mud described above occurs, product of roasting comprises tindioxide.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the granularity of tindioxide can be 5nm ~ 100nm, such as, can be 21nm.But the present invention is not limited thereto, the granularity of tindioxide can change according to the granularity of tin mud powder and maturing temperature, and therefore the granularity of tindioxide can be come reasonably to control according to the granularity of tin mud powder and maturing temperature.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in product of roasting except comprising tindioxide, also may comprise undecomposed Fe completely (OH)
3with Cu (OH)
2and Fe
2o
3with metal oxides such as CuO.Therefore, in product of roasting, the purity of tindioxide can be relevant with the impurity in tin mud.
With reference to Fig. 2, according to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, acid can also be added after roasting is carried out to tin mud powder to wash product of roasting in product of roasting, thus remove the Fe (OH) be mixed in product of roasting that may exist in tin mud
3and Fe
2o
3and Cu (OH)
2with metallic impurity such as CuO.Adding in the sour process that product of roasting is washed, the reaction of possible generating polynomial 2, thus removing Fe (OH)
3impurity, other metallic impurity also can by acid removing.According to the acid that the acid of exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be all example hydrochloric acids and sulfuric acid etc., thus H can be ionized out
+, remove Fe (OH)
3or C
u(OH)
2deng containing OH
-metallic impurity and such as F
e2o
3and C
uthe metallic impurity of O.
3H
++ Fe (OH)
3==Fe
3++ 3H
2o (formula 2)
Then, distilled water can be utilized to add the product of roasting rinsing after acid to neutral, and solid-liquid separation post-drying, obtains tindioxide.The method of such as centrifugation can be adopted to carry out solid-liquid separation, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Therefore, the metallic impurity in the tindioxide obtained according to this embodiment can be removed.
With reference to Fig. 3, according to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, pre-treatment can also be carried out to tin mud before being dried by tin mud.First, the distilled water counting 10mL/g ~ 20mL/g by the weight of tin mud can be added in tin mud, stir, and while stirring, add the superoxol counting 0.7mL/g ~ 1mL/g by the weight of tin mud, continue to stir, until no longer heat release, obtain the first mixing solutions.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in tin mud, add distilled water, be to make tin mud disperse fully, thus be conducive to the abundant reaction of material in tin mud, when moisture content is higher in tin mud, also can optionally omit this step.Add superoxol in tin mud after, the reaction of meeting generating polynomial 3 to formula 5 in tin mud.
H
2o
2+ SnO==SnO
2+ H
2o (formula 3)
H
2o
2+ Sn (OH)
2==Sn (OH)
4(formula 4)
H
2o
2+ Sn
2+==SnO
2↓+2H
2o (formula 5)
More than reaction is thermopositive reaction, therefore can by whether heat release judges whether reaction is carried out completely.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide can be 10% ~ 35%, but the present invention is not limited thereto, as long as the oxidisability of hydrogen peroxide can by Sn
2+be oxidized to Sn
4+, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide can for the value be applicable to.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the add-on of hydrogen peroxide can be 10mL/g ~ 20mL/g, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the add-on of hydrogen peroxide can according to Sn in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and tin mud
2+content and adjust.
In addition, in the process adding hydrogen peroxide, also partial organic substances can be got rid of.
After reacting completely, solid-liquid separation is carried out to the first mixing solutions, the solid-liquid separating method of any appropriate of such as centrifugation can be used to carry out solid-liquid separation to the first mixing solutions.When carrying out solid-liquid separation to the first mixing solutions, the solid-liquid separating method of any appropriate such as such as centrifugation well known in the art can be adopted to carry out solid-liquid separation to the first mixing solutions.According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the throw out after solid-liquid separation can wash with ethanol, to remove the organic complex dissolving in ethanol.But the present invention is not limited thereto, other can also be used can to remove the organic impurities contained in throw out by organism molten altogether with distilled water.
Next, with the organism washing precipitate dissolved each other with water, preferably, washing with alcohol throw out can be used.Then use distilled water rinsing, utilize the number of times of distilled water rinsing not to be particularly limited, till by throw out rinsed clean.Then, can utilize through above pretreated tin mud to perform each step preparing the method for nano-stannic oxide shown in Fig. 1, or perform each step preparing the method for nano-stannic oxide shown in Fig. 2, not repeat at this.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, can, according to the application scenario of the nano-stannic oxide of the impurity component in tin mud and foreign matter content and expectation, correspondingly select the exemplary embodiment respectively shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 to prepare nano-stannic oxide.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the content of other metallic impurity less (as being less than 3%) beyond detin in tin mud, and time lower to the requirement of nano-stannic oxide purity (as being greater than 95%), prepare nano-stannic oxide by the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 1, gained nano-stannic oxide can be used as rumbling compound, glass wipe photo etching, tinting material, conventional ceramic glaze etc.; If adopt the method for exemplary embodiment of Fig. 2 to prepare nano-stannic oxide, then the purity of nano-stannic oxide can reach more than 98%, and the nano-stannic oxide with this purity may be used for the occasion relatively high to purity requirement such as high-end ceramic glaze; If adopt the method for the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 3 to prepare nano-stannic oxide, then the purity of nano-stannic oxide can reach more than 99%, the nano-stannic oxide with this purity can be widely used in semi-conductor, solar cell, gas sensor and optical technology, and application prospect is boundless.
The method utilized according to tin mud resource of the present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with concrete example.
example 1
Get the wet tin mud 10g that electrotinning lines filters out, its water ratio is 26%.
First, at 80 DEG C, dry wet tin mud 3h, obtain dry tin mud after oven dry, in dry tin mud, tin weight percent is 62.8%.
Then, dry tin mud is ground to and is less than 50 μm, obtain tin mud powder.
Next, by tin mud powder high-temperature roasting 3h at 600 DEG C, obtain product of roasting, product of roasting comprises nano-stannic oxide product, and the purity of nano-stannic oxide is 95.6%, and grain fineness number is 6nm ~ 7nm.
Fig. 4 shows and composes according to the XRD figure of the clay standby nano-stannic oxide product of tin that utilizes of exemplary embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 5 shows and schemes according to the SEM of the clay standby nano-stannic oxide product of tin that utilizes of exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
example 2
Get the wet tin mud 10g that electrotinning lines filters out, its water ratio is 21%, and wherein, tin accounts for 61% of the tin cement content after oven dry.
First, at 60 DEG C, dry wet tin mud 5h, obtain dry tin mud after oven dry, in dry tin mud, the content of tin is 61%.
Dry tin mud is ground to and is less than 50 μm, obtain tin mud powder.
By tin mud powder high-temperature roasting 1h at 800 DEG C, obtain product of roasting, product of roasting comprises nano-stannic oxide product.
After naturally cooling, employing volume percent is that the hydrochloric acid of 1:1 washs product of roasting, and utilizes distilled water rinsing to neutral rear centrifugation, then product of roasting is dried 5h at 60 DEG C.
After naturally cooling, obtain nano-stannic oxide product, the grain fineness number of nano-stannic oxide is 24nm, and product purity is 98.3%.
example 3
Get the wet tin mud 10g that electrotinning lines filters out, its water ratio is 21%, and wherein, tin accounts for 57.8% of the tin cement content after oven dry.
Wet tin mud is put into beaker, and the distilled water adding 100mL in beaker fully stirs, and tin mud is disperseed.
While stirring, add the superoxol that 7mL concentration is 30%, continue to stir, until no longer heat release, obtain the first mixing solutions.
Centrifugation is carried out to the first mixing solutions, outwells supernatant liquor, first use washing with alcohol primary sedimentation thing, then adopt distilled water rinsing five times.
At 100 DEG C, dry throw out 3h, until sedimentary weight no longer changes, obtain dry tin mud.
Dry tin mud is ground to and is less than 50 μm, to obtain tin mud powder.
Tin mud powder is carried out high-temperature roasting 2h at 1000 DEG C, obtains product of roasting, product of roasting comprises nano-stannic oxide product.
After naturally cooling, adopt the vitriol oil to wash product of roasting, then adopt distilled water rinsing to neutral rear centrifugation, then product of roasting is dried 5h at 60 DEG C.
After naturally cooling, obtaining nano-stannic oxide product purity is 99%, and grain fineness number is 47nm.
Fig. 6 shows and composes according to the XRD figure of the clay standby nano-stannic oxide product of tin that utilizes of exemplary embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 7 shows and schemes according to the SEM of the clay standby nano-stannic oxide product of tin that utilizes of exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, utilize tin mud to prepare nano-stannic oxide, not only tin mud has been carried out recycling treatment, make because tindioxide has broad application prospects again the method for exemplary embodiment of the present have broad application prospects.In addition, the granularity of nano-stannic oxide that prepared by exemplary embodiment according to the present invention reasonably can control according to parameter when grinding and roasting.
At present, usually utilize discarded tin mud to carry out obtained metallic tin, and cost is higher.In this application, by utilizing discarded tin mud to prepare nano-stannic oxide, tin mud can be effectively utilized, thus prevent tin mud cannot recycling and cause the wasting of resources.
In addition, can, according to the application scenario of the nano-stannic oxide of the impurity component in tin mud and foreign matter content and expectation, select accordingly to prepare nano-stannic oxide according to the method for exemplary embodiment of the present invention.In addition, simple, easy to implement according to the step of the method for exemplary embodiment of the present invention, investment running cost is lower, is easy to apply.
Although show and describe some embodiments of the present invention, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that when not departing from by the principle of the present invention of claim and its scope of equivalents thereof and spirit, can modify to these embodiments.
Claims (7)
1. a method for tin mud resource utilization, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
Tin mud is dried, until the weight of tin mud no longer changes, obtains dry tin mud;
Make dry tin mud powdered, to obtain tin mud powder;
Carry out high-temperature roasting to tin mud powder, obtain product of roasting, product of roasting comprises nano-stannic oxide.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, after carrying out high-temperature roasting to tin mud powder, described method is further comprising the steps of:
Add acid to wash product of roasting, and utilize distilled water rinsing to neutral, solid-liquid separation post-drying.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described method is also included in carries out pre-treatment by before the oven dry of tin mud to tin mud, and pretreated step comprises:
In tin mud, add distilled water and stir, then while stirring, adding superoxol, continuing to stir, until no longer heat release, thus obtain the first mixing solutions, wherein, based on the weight of tin mud, by 10mL/g
tin mud~ 20mL/g
tin mudamount add distilled water, by 0.7mL/g
tin mud~ 1mL/g
tin mudamount add superoxol;
Solid-liquid separation is carried out to the first mixing solutions, with the organism washing precipitate dissolved each other with water, then uses distilled water rinsing.
4. the method according to claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that, by drying the step performing and dried by tin mud at 50 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, makes tin mud powdered while drying tin mud.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, by grinding the step performing and make dry tin mud powdered.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the step of high-temperature roasting comprises carries out roasting by tin mud powder at 500 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C.
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