CN104837364B - For the method for the oil and/or fat regimen that reduce fry - Google Patents

For the method for the oil and/or fat regimen that reduce fry Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104837364B
CN104837364B CN201380058715.6A CN201380058715A CN104837364B CN 104837364 B CN104837364 B CN 104837364B CN 201380058715 A CN201380058715 A CN 201380058715A CN 104837364 B CN104837364 B CN 104837364B
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food
cellulose ether
particle
spares
composition
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CN104837364A (en
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J·郭
J·托伊尔考夫
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Nutrition and biotechnology USA first LLC
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
    • A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
    • A23L29/262—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D10/00—Batters, dough or mixtures before baking
    • A21D10/04—Batters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
    • A23L19/12—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops of potatoes
    • A23L19/18—Roasted or fried products, e.g. snacks or chips
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/10—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
    • A23L5/11—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying using oil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P20/00—Coating of foodstuffs; Coatings therefor; Making laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs
    • A23P20/10—Coating with edible coatings, e.g. with oils or fats
    • A23P20/105—Coating with compositions containing vegetable or microbial fermentation gums, e.g. cellulose or derivatives; Coating with edible polymers, e.g. polyvinyalcohol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P20/00—Coating of foodstuffs; Coatings therefor; Making laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs
    • A23P20/10—Coating with edible coatings, e.g. with oils or fats
    • A23P20/12—Apparatus or processes for applying powders or particles to foodstuffs, e.g. for breading; Such apparatus combined with means for pre-moistening or battering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/26—Cellulose ethers
    • C08L1/28—Alkyl ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/26—Cellulose ethers
    • C08L1/28—Alkyl ethers
    • C08L1/284—Alkyl ethers with hydroxylated hydrocarbon radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
    • C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
    • A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/10—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
    • A23L7/157—Farinaceous granules for dressing meat, fish or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
    • C08J2301/26—Cellulose ethers
    • C08J2301/28—Alkyl ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
    • C08L2205/18—Spheres

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Grain Derivatives (AREA)
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Abstract

A kind of edible composition comprising starch and cellulose ether particle wraps up in food available for the oil and/or fat regimen prepared when frying with reduction, the intermediate value equivalent projection circular diameter (EQPC50 of wherein described cellulose ether particle, 3) it is at most 110 microns, and crystallinity index CI is not more than 0.43, wherein CI=(I200‑Iam)/I200, wherein I200For the intensity at the top in the X ray diffraction spectrums of cellulose ether particle, IamFor top I200And the intensity of the trough in one or two peak adjacent with the top between the higher person.

Description

For the method for the oil and/or fat regimen that reduce fry
Technical field
The application is related to a kind of edible composition containing starch, for reducing the oily and/or fatty of fry The method of intake and available for such composition and the cellulose ether particle of method.
Background technology
Fry is generally designated by fried food, the deep-fried generally in oil, and including wrapping up in face and oil Fried food, such as Deep-fried meatballs (food of fritter chopping, such as poultry meat, fish, mushroom, fruit or vegetables include potato, or Person is generally coated with crumbs or one layer of wheat flour and fried cereal in a large amount of greases), wrap up in face and frying vegetables, fish Or meat such as poultry meat, and by mediating dough (dough) composition such as wheat flour, it is molded dough composition, and frying should The dough composition of shaping and the food produced.The example of latter food includes donut, fried bread, fried noodle Deng.Fry is consumed extensively in many countries, but is considered unsound due to their high fat content.Cause This, those skilled in the art spend many make great efforts to reduce the fat content of fry.
Known fiber element ether has the ability for the oil intake for reducing fry.European patent application EP 2,253 217 is related to And a kind of dough composition, said composition comprise at least during heating can gelation water-soluble cellulose ether the aqueous solution and Cereal crops powder.Water-soluble cellulose ether is methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose or hydroxyl second Base ethyl cellulose.When preparing deep frying dough by such composition, compared with the dough without water-soluble cellulose ether, The oil intake of the dough reduces.
International patent application WO 2010/135272 teaches what is absorbed using cellulose ether to reduce the oil of fry Further improve.WO 2010/135272 disclose it is a kind of it is dry wrap up in face mixture, it includes powder, at least one flavouring, appointed The leavening of choosing and granular or cohesion methylcellulose or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.Carboxymethyl cellulose is used as adhesive, For condensing methylcellulose or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.By adding aquatic production batter.Batter is set to be contacted with food, with system It is standby to wrap up in food, and food frying will be wrapped up in.Compared with can quite wrapping up in for the methylcellulose that wherein batter includes non-cohesion The methylcellulose of face and fry, wherein batter comprising cohesion wraps up in face and the intake of fry presentation oil less about 10%.
In view of the known huge health risk as caused by consuming oil ＆ fat excessively, long-term to need to find reduction oil Other methods of the oil intake of fried food.It is an object of the invention to find one kind not needing methylcellulose or hydroxypropyl The method for the step of methylcellulose condenses with carboxymethyl cellulose.The present invention a preferable purpose be find one kind compared with Method disclosed in the prior art, or even the method for further reducing the oil intake of fry.
Surprisingly it has been found that if treat the food of frying with comprising the cellulose ether particle with specific physical property Composition wrap up in face or if the cellulose ether particle with specific physical property be bonded directly to treat to the diet group of frying In compound (such as Deep-fried meatballs), the oil intake of fry can be substantially reduced.
The content of the invention
An aspect of of the present present invention is a kind of edible composition, and the composition includes starch and cellulose ether particle, its Described in the intermediate value equivalent projection circular diameter (EQPC 50,3) of cellulose ether particle be at most 100 microns, and crystallinity index CI is not more than 0.43, wherein CI=(I200-Iam)/I200, wherein I200For in the X-ray diffraction spectrum figure of cellulose ether particle The intensity at top, IamFor top I200And the trough in one or two peak adjacent with the top between the higher person Intensity.
Another aspect of the invention is a kind of method for being used for preparation and wrapping up in food (battered food), wherein described Method includes adding water to above-mentioned edible composition to form batter, and food is contacted with the batter to make Standby the step of wrapping up in food.
Another aspect of the present invention is a kind of method for being used to prepare the food spares containing starch of shaping, wherein institute The method of stating, which is included in the food spares containing starch, combines above-mentioned cellulose ether particle, and the step for being molded food spares Suddenly.
Another aspect of the present invention is a kind of method for the oil and/or fat regimen for being used to reduce fry, wherein institute Stating method includes adding water to above-mentioned edible composition to form batter, food is contacted with the batter to make It is standby to wrap up in food；The step of with food is wrapped up in described in frying.
Another aspect of the present invention is oily and/or fatty for a kind of food spares containing starch for being used to reduce frying The method of intake, wherein methods described, which are included in the food spares containing starch, combines above-mentioned cellulose ether particle, makes food Thing spares are molded the step of food spares with the fried shaping.
Another aspect of the present invention is cellulose ether particle, and its intermediate value equivalent projection circular diameter (EQPC 50,3) is not more than 110 microns, and crystallinity index CI is not more than 0.43, wherein CI=(I200-Iam)/I200, wherein I200For in cellulose ether The intensity at top, I in the X-ray diffraction spectrum figure of grainamFor top I200One or two adjacent with the top The intensity of trough in peak between the higher person.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the X-ray diffraction spectrum figure of cellulose ether particle.
Embodiment
It is surprised to find that new cellulose ether particle described below is highly suitable for reducing fry that (including food is standby Thing) oil and/or fat regimen.
The cellulose ether of the present invention has cellulose skeleton, and the skeleton has the D- pyranoid form grapes of β-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae glycoside link Sugared repeat unit, is appointed as dehydrated glucose unit in the context of the present invention.
Available cellulose ether is, for example, carboxyl-C1-C3- alkylcellulose, such as carboxymethyl cellulose；Or carboxyl- C1-C3- alkyl hydroxy-C1-C3- alkylcellulose, such as carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose.If using these cellulose ethers, it Be preferably applied in combination with alkylcellulose, hydroxy alkyl cellulose or hydroxyalkylalkylcellulose.
Cellulose ether is preferably alkylcellulose, hydroxy alkyl cellulose or hydroxyalkylalkylcellulose.This means at this In the cellulose ether of invention, at least a portion hydroxyl of dehydrated glucose unit by alkoxy or hydroxy alkoxy base or alkoxy and The combination substitution of hydroxy alkoxy base.Typically, one or two kinds of hydroxy alkoxy bases in cellulose ether be present.It is preferred that exist single The hydroxy alkoxy base of species, more preferably hydroxy propyloxy group.
Preferable alkylcellulose is methylcellulose.Preferable alkyl hydroxyl alkane including mixed alkyl hydroxy alkyl cellulose Base cellulose is hydroxyalky methyl celluloses, such as hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose or hydroxyl butyl methyl Cellulose；Or hydroxyalkyl ethyl cellulose, such as Hydroxypropyl ethyl cellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, ethyl hydroxypropyl base fibre Dimension element or ethyl hydroxybutyl cellulose；Or ethyl hydroxypropyl ylmethyl cellulose, ethyl-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl hydroxypropyl Ylmethyl cellulose or alkoxy hydroxyethyl hydroxypropyl base cellulose, the alkoxy is straight or branched, and contains 2-8 Carbon atom.Preferable hydroxy alkyl cellulose is hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose or hydroxybutyl cellulose；Or mixing hydroxyl alkane Base cellulose, such as hydroxyethyl hydroxypropyl base cellulose.
Particularly preferred cellulose ether is those in water with hot floc point, for example, as methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, EHEC and hydroxypropyl cellulose.Cellulose ether is preferably water Dissolubility, i.e. under 25 DEG C and 1 atmospheric pressure, in 100 grams of distilled water, their solubility in water are at least 1 gram, more excellent At least 2 grams, most preferably at least 5 grams of choosing.
It is preferred that hydroxyalkylalkylcellulose, more preferably hydroxyalky methyl celluloses, most preferably hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, its With MS described below (hydroxy alkoxy base) and DS (alkoxy).The hydroxyl of dehydrated glucose unit is substituted by hydroxy alkoxy base Degree with hydroxy alkoxy base mole substitution a MS (hydroxy alkoxy base) represent.MS (hydroxy alkoxy base) be in cellulose ether, For each dehydrated glucose unit, the average value of the molal quantity of hydroxy alkoxy base.It should be understood that react the phase in hydroxyalkylation Between, the hydroxyl for the hydroxy alkoxy base being bonded with cellulose skeleton can be partially alkylated or alkylated agent (such as methylating agent) and/or hydroxyalkylation Agent is further etherified.Obtained for multiple subsequent hydroxyalkylation etherification reactions of the same carbon atom position of dehydrated glucose unit To side chain, plurality of hydroxy alkoxy base is covalently bonded to one another by ehter bond, and each side chain is integrally formed cellulose bone The hydroxyalkoxy substituent of frame.In MS (hydroxy alkoxy base) context of hydroxy alkoxy base is referred to, term " hydroxy alkoxy Base " must be construed to the component units of hydroxyalkoxy substituent, and it includes single hydroxy alkoxy base described above or side chain, Two of which or more hydroxy alkoxy base unit is covalently bonded to one another by ehter bond.In this definition, the substitution of hydroxy alkoxy base Whether the terminal hydroxyl of base is unimportant by further alkylation (for example, methylating)；For the measure of MS (hydroxy alkoxy base), Including both alkylation and non-alkylating hydroxyalkoxy substituents.
The usual hydroxy alkoxy base of hydroxyalkylalkylcellulose of the present invention mole is substituted in 0.05-1.00 scopes, preferably 0.08-0.90, more preferably 0.12-0.70, most preferably 0.15-0.60, particularly 0.20-0.50.For each dehydrated glucose Unit, the substitution value DS (alkoxy) of alkoxy is appointed as by the average of the hydroxyl of alkoxy (such as methoxyl group) substitution. In DS definitions given above, term " hydroxyl substituted by alkoxy " is construed to not only include in the present invention and cellulose The hydroxyl of the alkylation of the carbon atom Direct Bonding of skeleton, but also the hydroxy alkoxy base including being bonded with cellulose skeleton substitutes The hydroxyl of the alkylation of base.The preferred DS of hydroxyalkylalkylcellulose (alkoxy) of the present invention is in 1.0-2.5 scopes, more preferably 1.1-2.4, most preferably 1.2-2.2, particularly 1.6-2.05.Most preferably cellulose ether be with more than for DS (alkoxy) DS (methoxyl group) in shown scope and more than for the MS (hydroxy propyloxy group) shown in MS (hydroxy alkoxy base) in scope or MS (hydroxyl-oxethyl) hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose or hydroxyethylmethylcellulose.The substitution value and hydroxy alkoxy base of alkoxy Mole substitution can pass through the Zeisel of cellulose ether and hydrogen iodide cracking and subsequent quantitative gas chromatography (G.Bartelmus and R.Ketterer, Z.Anal.Chem., 286 (1977) 161-190) is determined.
Most preferred cellulose ether is methylcellulose.For each dehydrated glucose unit, by the hydroxyl of methoxy substitution The average of base is appointed as the substitution value (DS) of methoxyl group.The DS of methylcellulose is preferably 1.20-2.25, more preferably 1.25-2.20, most preferably 1.40-2.10.In methylcellulose, the measure of % methoxyl groups is according to American Pharmacopeia (USP 34) Carry out.Obtained value is % methoxyl groups.These are subsequently converted to the substitution value (DS) of methoxy substitution base.Had contemplated that in conversion The salt of residual volume.Particularly preferably with trade name METHOCEL SG or SGA (Dow Chemical Company) available rank Methylcellulose as according to method described further below be used for prepare the present invention methylcellulose raw material.
Cellulose ether (such as alkylcellulose (as methylcellulose), hydroxy alkyl cellulose or the hydroxyalkyl alkane of the present invention Base cellulose (as hydroxyalky methyl celluloses)) viscosity be preferably 50-10,000mPas, more preferably 200-7,000mPa S, most preferably 400-1,000mPas, particularly 450-750mPas, as the 2 weight % aqueous solution, at 25 DEG C, use Brookfield LV viscosity meters, using 10rpm and mandrel LV-1.
The crystallinity index CI of the new cellulose ether particle is not more than 0.43, wherein CI=(I200-Iam)/I200, its Middle I200For the intensity at the top in the X-ray diffraction spectrum figure of cellulose ether particle, IamFor top I200With with the highest The intensity of trough in one or two adjacent peak of peak between the higher person.CI preferably at most 0.40, more preferably up to 0.35, most preferably at most 0.30, especially at most 0.25.CI is typically 0.05 or more, be more typically 0.08 or More, most typically about 0.10 or more.
Crystallinity index CI is the parameter for describing the relative quantity of crystalline material in cellulosic material.Use X-ray Diffraction determines the principles illustrated of the degree of crystallinity in cellulose in L.Segal et al. " An Empirical Method for Estimating the Degree of Crystallinity of Native Cellulose Using the X- Ray Diffractometer (use x-ray diffractometer, the Empirical formula of the degree of crystallinity for estimating native cellulose Method) ", Textile Research Journal 1959；29；786.Fig. 1 is cellulose ether particle (such as methylcellulose Grain) X-ray diffraction spectrum figure schematic diagram.It should be noted that Fig. 1, which is only schematic diagram, does not represent real ratio.It should not solve It is interpreted as I in Fig. 1200And IamHeight.
Crystallinity index CI uses the Bruker for being equipped with cobalt sealing source capsule and Vantec-1 linear position sensitive detectors D8Advance θ-θ x-ray diffractometers determine, to collect the diffraction pattern on cellulose ether particle.The pipe in 30kV and Operated under 50mA, cellulose ether particle cobalt K α radiation Irradiation.Using 6 ° of detector windows, from 2 ° to 60 ° 2 θ, XRD data are collected, the acquisition time walked using 0.0426 ° of step-length (step size) and 3s/.Use JADE X-rays Pattern analysis software V9.3 implements the analysis to resulting X-ray diffraction spectrum figure.
In addition, the intermediate value equivalent projection circular diameter (EQPC 50,3) of new cellulose ether particle is at most 110 microns, it is excellent Elect at most 95 microns, more preferably up to 80 microns, most preferably at most 72 microns as, in most preferred embodiments, be At most 65 microns.Generally speaking, EQPC 50,3 be 10 microns or more, and typically 20 microns or more, be more typically 30 Micron or more, most typically about 40 microns or more.The EQPC of particle is defined as having identical faces with the projected area of particle Long-pending diameter of a circle.All particle size distributions (for example, EQPC) can show and with digital (0), length (1), area (2) and The form application of volume (3) distribution.For purposes of the invention, intermediate value EQPC is in the given sample of particulate cellulose ether The volume distributed median average value of all particles, is appointed as EQPC 50,3.Volume distributed median is specified after comma with numeral 3.Intermediate value The particle that EQPC refers in particle diameter distribution 50% has the EQPC for being less than set-point, in terms of μm (micron), and 50% particle With bigger EQPC.Specify 50 reflection intermediate values.
High speed image analysis method measure, the particle diameter and shape of its combined sample image can be used in the EQPC 50,3 of particle Analysis.The image analysis method of composite powder is described in：W.Witt, U.J.List, Current Limits of Particle Size and Shape Analysis with High Speed Image Analysis (use high speed image The particle diameter of analysis and the current limit of shape analysis), PARTEC 2007.High speed image analysis system is purchased from German Sympatec GmbH, Clausthal-Zellerfeld dynamic image analysis (DIA) system QICPICTM.Germany is derived from using being equipped with Dynamic image analysis (DIA) system of Sympatec GmbH, Clausthal-Zellerfeld RODOS dry powder dispersants QICPICTMIt is described in for various powders：W.Yu, K.Muteki, L.Zhang and G.Kim, Prediction of Bulk Powder Flow Performance Using Comprehensive Particle Size and Particle Shape Distributions (is distributed, the prediction of main body flow of powder performance) using comprehensive granularity and grain shape, JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, volume 100, the 1st phase, in January, 2011.
High speed image analysis system can be used for the sizes parameter for measuring and calculating particle.It is exemplified below in these parameters Some.
LEFI：Particle length LEFI is defined as connecting the most long directapath of the end of particle in the profile of particle.It is " straight Connect and " refer to no loop or branch.
DIFI：Particle diameter DIFI is defined as the summation of all length of the projected area of particle divided by the branch of particle.
Elongation：Particle elongation is the diameter DIFI and length LEFI of particle ratio, is defined with formula DIFI/LEFI.
EQPC：The EQPC of particle is defined as the projected area identical diameter of a circle of area and particle.
Feret diameters：Feret diameters are also referred to as slide calliper rule diameter.On the opposite side of particle outline parallel to a certain solid It is Feret diameters to determine the distance between two tangent lines in direction.As fruit granule has irregular shape, then Feret diameters compared with The generally change of particle with regular shape is much bigger.
Minimum Feret diameters (Fmin)：In a certain fixed-direction, the most narrow spacing between each pair of tangent line of particle projection From.The a diameter of minimum diameters for considering all possible orientation (from 0 ° to 180 °) of minimum Feret.For of irregular shape Grain, Fmin can be significantly less than EQPC.
Maximum Feret diameters (Fmax)：In a certain fixed-direction, between each pair of tangent line of particle projection it is maximum away from From.The a diameter of maximum gauges for considering all possible orientation (from 0 ° to 180 °) of maximum Feret.For being irregularly molded Grain, Fmax can be noticeably greater than EQPC.
Aspect ratio：The aspect ratio of particle is the minimum and ratio Fmin/Fmax of maximum Feret diameters in the powder, and For another measurement of grain shape.For any particle, Fmin/Fmax is between 0-1.
Sphericity：The girth P of the projected area identical of area and particle circleEQPCWith the ratio of the girth of true particle. Because equivalence circle is given under given projected area minimum possible girth, for any particle, the value of sphericity 0-1 it Between.The value is smaller, then the shape of particle is more irregularly.
Equal volume (the number volume mean) M of number3,0The equal surface area of sum (number surface area mean) M2,0 ：The torque of particle diameter distribution (PSD) is for the standard method for the physical property for characterizing solid particle.PSD torque it is general Property definition be given by：ISO 9276, part 2, Calculation of average particle sizes/ Diameters and moments from particle size distributions (are calculated average by particle size distribution Particle diameter/diameter and torque).
According to Jonasz M.2006, the Moments of particle size distribution (power of particle diameter distribution Square) (www.tpdsci.com/Tpc/PsdMom.php), In:Top.Part.Disp.Sci. (www.tpdsci.com), particle diameter It is distributed (PSD), n (D) r accumulation torques MrDefined by below equation：Mr=∫0 ∞Drn(D)dD.0th torque M0For total particle Quantity.Second and the 3rd torque M2And M3Represent the gross area and cumulative volume of particulate samples.M3,0It is equal for the number of cellulose ether particle Volume, M2,0For the equal surface area of number.
The M of preferred cellulose ether particle3,0/M2,0Than no more than 200 microns, preferably no greater than 180 microns, more preferably less In 170 microns, most preferably no greater than 155 microns.The usual M of cellulose ether particle3,0/M2,0Than being at least 15 microns, typically At least 25 microns, more typically at least 35 microns, most typically about at least 45 microns.
In powder sample in distributed number of the volume of fine grained and fiber grain by fine grain corresponding EQPC Value and by fiber grain corresponding LEFI and DIFI distributed number median calculation.For each particle in sample, Distributed number is calculated by EQPC, DIFI and LEFI.
Fine grained：
For purposes of the invention, fine grain particle length LEFI is less than 40 microns, and usual particle length LEFI is at least 10 microns.Dynamic image analysis DIA systems QICPIC with M7 optical systemsTMDetection limit be 10 micro- Rice.
The fine grain volume in the given sample of cellulose ether is calculated according to equation 1
(equation 1),
Wherein V is fine grain volume, and n is fine grain quantity in the sample, and EQPC is by fine grain several herein The intermediate value EQPC that footpath distribution measures.
Fiber grain
As those skilled in the art are generally understood that, fiber grain is typically the particle characterized by irregular shape, And length is typically much larger than diameter.Fiber can be it is straight or curved, it is thin or thick.Therefore, derived from QICPICTMShape Both shape and dimension information are used to limit fiber grain.For purposes of the invention, as fruit granule meets I or II defined below In one, then particle is " fiber " particle：I) elongation be equal to or less than 0.35, aspect ratio be equal to or less than 0.45 and LEFI is equal to or more than 40 microns of particle；Or II) elongation be equal to or less than 0.35, aspect ratio be more than 0.45, sphericity it is small It is equal to or more than 40 microns of particle in 0.7 and LEFI.
The volume of the fiber grain in the given sample of cellulose ether can be calculated according to equation 2
(equation 2),
Wherein VfFor the volume of fiber grain, nfFor the quantity of fiber grain in the sample, DIFI is that the intermediate value of particle projects The summation of all length of the branch of area divided by particle, by number particle diameter distribution (the number particle of fiber grain Size distribution) measure, LEFI is the median particle length measured by the number particle diameter distribution of fiber grain.
Fine grain volume fraction is V/Vtot, and the volume fraction of fiber grain is Vf/Vtot, wherein V and VfAs above to count The fine grained of calculation and the volume of fiber grain, VtotFor the cumulative volume of the given sample of cellulose ether.Due to single fine grained and list The density of individual fiber grain is essentially identical, and volume fraction substantially corresponds to mass fraction.
It is preferred that the fine grain volume fraction of the cellulose ether particle of the present invention is at least 7%, preferably at least 10%, it is more excellent Choosing at least 12%, most preferably at least 15%, the cumulative volume based on cellulose ether particle.Typically fine grain volume fraction is extremely More 75%, more typically at most 60%, most typically about at most 50%, the cumulative volume based on cellulose ether particle.
The volume fraction of the preferred fiber grain of cellulose ether particle of the present invention is not more than 40%, more preferably no more than 30%, most preferably no greater than 25%.The volume fraction of the fiber grain of cellulose ether particle typically of the invention is 1% or more Greatly.As indicated above, the LEFI of fiber grain is equal to or more than 40 microns.It is preferred that the intermediate value LEFI of fiber grain is not more than 150 microns.The intermediate value LEFI of fiber grain refer in the fraction of the fiber grain of particle diameter distribution 50% particle have be less than to The LEFI of definite value, in terms of μm (micron), and 50% particle has larger LEFI, is calculated by several particle diameter distributions.
The production of cellulose ether is generally known in the art.Typically, production process includes activated cellulose, such as logical Cross and handled with alkali metal hydroxide, make to react by the cellulose that so handles and etherifying agent, and washing cellulose ether with except Remove accessory substance.After such a washing step, the common water content of cellulose ether is 30-60%, typically 45-55%, based on tide The gross weight of wet cellulose ether.Although preferable washing lotion may depend on the particular type of cellulose ether, preferable washing lotion is led to Chang Weishui, isopropanol, acetone, MEK or salt solution.Preferred washing lotion is usually water or salt solution.Cellulose ether is generally in 20- Washed at a temperature of 120 DEG C, preferably 65-95 DEG C.After washing and cellulose ether is separated with washing lotion, solvent-humidity is obtained (preferably water-humidity) filter cake.Generally yield the moist of the paste shape of the particle of humidity, the block of humidity and/or humidity Cellulose ether.
The cellulose ether of humidity is fully crushed to above-mentioned crystallinity index CI and intermediate value equivalent projection circular diameter The cellulose ether particle of the invention of (EQPC 50,3).The type of lapping device is not very crucial, and condition is to realize it is expected water Flat grinding.For example, moist cellulose ether can crush in the device suitable for drying and grinding simultaneously.Or dry fibre Tieing up plain ether can crush in impact grinder.How following instance description prepares the cellulose ether particle of the present invention.Use below More typically property term describes some aspects of the crushing process for producing these cellulose ether particles.
In a kind of method of the cellulose ether for producing the present invention, moist cellulose ether experience drying-grinding behaviour Make.When the moist cellulose ether of drying-grinding, before drying-grinding, the temperature of cellulose ether is to cellulose ether particle EQPC 50,3 has influence, as described in international patent application WO 2012/015400.Before drying-grinding, preferably exist 5-70 DEG C, more preferably 8-65 DEG C, most preferably 10-60 DEG C of scope control and optional variable or the temperature of regulation cellulose ether.If Before drying-grinding, liquid (such as water) is added in cellulose ether, before drying-grinding, passes through control and optional variable Or the temperature of liquid that adds of regulation and/or by feed fiber element ether and liquid in the blending machine to jacketed and pass through control And optional variable or the jacket temperature for adjusting blending machine, preferably control and optional variable or the temperature of regulation cellulose ether.Can be real Existing this point, without interrupting drying-process of lapping.Blending machine preferably allows for abundant and strong mixing.Available blending machine is Such as granulator, kneader, extruder, press or roller mill, wherein (such as double-screw mixing is matched somebody with somebody by applied shear force and mixture Machine), the mixture of cellulose ether and liquid is homogenized.In the case of twin screw compounder, so-called point of poor kneader is special Unsuitable, it has two horizontally arranged mixing arms of depth engagement each other and implements mutual peeling action.Properly Single shaft, continuous kneader include it is so-calledBlending machine, it is the high-performance mixer of module structure, by more Partly, can heat and coolable mixing machine barrel and the blader mixer (manufacturer unilaterally installed：Lipp, Germany) composition. Also suitable is so-called pin cylinder extruder orExtruder (manufacturer：Berstorff, Germany). There is the kneader mixer (manufacturer of so-called twayblade sigma agitator in horizontal assembly：Linden, Germany) it is special It is unsuitable.If installing suitable flow baffles on the wall, to prevent the bulk matter of kneading together with agitator axle Rotation, then the stirring container with the mixer shafts of vertical arrangement is also suitable, and its mode causes strong immixture to assign Give the material (manufacturer of kneading：Bayer AG).The double-walled for also suitably from having planet strrier and online homogenizer mixes Close container.Before drying-grinding, the water content of cellulose ether is preferably 45% or bigger, and more preferably 50% or bigger, most preferably Before drying-grinding, water content is 55% or bigger, the gross weight of the cellulose ether based on humidity.Before drying-grinding, water Content is preferably 90% or less, more preferably 85% or less, most preferably 82% or less, based on the total of moist cellulose ether Weight.Water content (can ratify) measure for 1989 again by ASTM method D-2363-79.
Drying-grinding is generally described as in a processing step with a unit operation while dried in this area And grinding, typically impact grinder, such as air scan impact grinder.Drying typically uses hot gas and mechanical energy Combination complete.Hot-air is most commonly used, but hot nitrogen can also be used.Hot gas and moist cellulose ether stream are generally via list Only entrance is fed into grinding machine, and typical geothermal gas are from bottom feed, and moist cellulose ether is via the charging being connected with grinding machine Screw rod system is fed in side entrance.Steam (such as the vapor of overheat or the vapor/noble gas mixtures of the overheat of solvent Or vapor/air mixture) heat-conducting gas and conveying gas also are used as, such as in european patent application EP 0 954 536 In A1 (being equal to United States Patent (USP) 6,320,043) and the A1 of EP 1 127 910 (being equal to United States Patent (USP) 7,259,257) in more detail Description.It is preferred that moist cellulose ether is in gas-scan impact grinder (preferably air-scans impact grinder) in undergo The impact of drying-grinding, wherein cellulose ether experience and/or shear stress.Preferable gas-scan impact grinder is Ultra Rotor grinding machines (Altenburger Maschinen Jaeckering, Germany) or Turbofiner PLM grinding machines (PALLMANN Maschinenfabrik GmbH＆Co.KG, Germany).Gas classification device grinding machine is also available gas-scan impact grinder, For example, Hosokawa Alpine Air Classifier grinding machines, ZPS Circoplex Hosokawa Micron Ltd., Cheshire, Britain.
In addition, after drying-grinding, the peripheral speed of drying-lapping device is also to the EQPC of cellulose ether particle 50,3 have influence.It is preferred that in 70-140m/s, more preferably 90-130m/s, most preferably 100-120m/s scope controls and optionally become Change or adjust the peripheral speed of drying-lapping device.
In another method of the cellulose ether for producing the present invention, dry cellulosic ether experience grinding operation.Dry fibre Plain ether typically water content is tieed up less than 10%, more typically less than 5%, the gross weight based on the cellulose ether including moisture.Can Lapping device is generally known in the art, such as impact grinder, ball mill, roller mill or jet mill.It is preferred that hold Device driving-type grinding machine, such as ball mill, vibrating mill, planetary mill and centrifugal fluid grinding machine.The example bag of abrasive media Include ball, rod and tube.Abrasive media is typically by stainless steel, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, carborundum, silicon nitride, tungsten carbide, glass, iron Or cellulose ether is prepared in itself.Generally recommend the period of grinding 4-36 hours, typically 8-24 hours, the class depending on grinding machine Type.Have found by the way that crystallinity index no more than 0.43 and at most 110 microns thoroughly and strong grinding, can be achieved very much EQPC 50,3。
Optional drying-grinding operation and other grinding operation can be carried out in order.
After above-mentioned drying-grinding operation and/or grinding operation, if the given sample of cellulose ether particle still has Crystallinity index more than 0.43 or the EQPC more than 110 microns 50,3, then it should continue selected drying-grinding or grinding behaviour Make, to extend drying-grinding or milling time, or cellulose ether particle should undergo further grinding operation.More than being based on Teaching in the examples below, those skilled in the art can be easily determined in drying-grinding operation and/or grinding operation Optimizing Process Parameters.The measurements of EQPC 50,3 can be carried out online, the control as during.
The edible composition of the present invention includes starch and above-mentioned cellulose ether particle.Starch can derive from various sources. Starch is included in such as staple food of potato, wheat, corn (corn), rice and cassava (cassava) with a large amount of.Depending on planting Thing, starch usually contain 20-25 weight % amyloses and 75-80% amylopectin.In the edible composition of the present invention, The amount of cellulose ether particle is preferably 0.1-10%, more preferably 0.2-5%, the gross weight based on edible composition.Starch Amount can change in a wide range, and depend primarily on the type of edible composition.The amount of usual starch is 1-99%, typical case Ground is 10-95%, the gross weight based on edible composition.
On the one hand, edible composition of the invention is to include above-mentioned cellulose ether particle, powder and optional addition The dry of agent (such as flavouring and/or leavening) wraps up in face mixture.Face mixture is wrapped up in dry, the amount of cellulose ether particle is preferred For 1-10%, more preferably 2-5%, based on the dry gross weight for wrapping up in face mixture.It is preferred that powder is wheat flour, corn flour, rice At least one of powder, dehydrated potato powder, tapioca starch, bean powder, oatmeal or pearling cone meal.In one embodiment, powder is small At least two mixture in flour, corn flour, ground rice, dehydrated potato powder, tapioca starch, bean powder, oatmeal or pearling cone meal, it is more excellent Select about 1 that powder is wheat flour and corn flour:1 mixture.In a kind of alternative embodiment, powder is dehydrated potato powder, rice At least one of powder or tapioca starch.It is preferred that dry face mixture of wrapping up in includes flavouring.Preferable flavouring is selected from salt, pepper, big It is garlic, onion, fennel seeds, chilli powder, vanilla, five-spice powder, famille rose, sweet basil, coriandrum leaf, coriander, fennel seeds, capsicum, dill, peppery Root, cardamom, mustard, chilli powder, parsley, rosemary, Salvia japonica, sesame, tarragon, thyme, turmeric and mustard.Implement in one kind In mode, optional leavening is baking powder.In some embodiments, batter also includes hominy grits, milk powder or powder At least one of shape egg.Face mixture is wrapped up in dry, the amount of composition is easily determined by those skilled in the art.
Dry face mixture of wrapping up in preferably mixes with water, to prepare batter.Batter preferred viscosities are at most 1000mPas, more excellent 100-950mPas is selected, is measured at 25 DEG C using Brookfield Digital Viscometer, using RV-1 and LV-1 Mandrel, 10rpm.
It is used to prepare the method for wrapping up in food the invention further relates to a kind of, that is, is coated with the food of batter, methods described includes Water is added into above-mentioned edible composition, especially water is added to dry face mixture of wrapping up in, to form batter；With make food and institute Batter contact is stated, to prepare the step of wrapping up in food.
Wrap up in the food in face include vegetables and victual (including bean curd, potato, onion, gumbo, broccoli, cucurbita pepo, Carrot, eggplant and cauliflower), meat and meat product (including hot dog and chicken), fish and fishery -ies product (including fillet, processing fish rod and Shrimp), mushroom, milk product (including cheese), fruit and fruit product (including Asiatic plantain), confectionery product, and combinations thereof (bag Product is included as Monte Cristo sandwiches).Before the coating, in batter, food can be unprocessed, cooking in advance or portion Divide culinary art.When coating, food be alternatively heat, environment temperature, cooling or freezing.
In one embodiment, methods described also includes wrapping up in food described in freezing.In another embodiment, it is described Method also includes bakeing or food is wrapped up in deep frying, optionally after par and/or freezing wrap up in food.In industrial food In production, food is typically provided with batter-coated and cooked in bakery and confectionery by frying culinary art or part, with stationary plane Paste." par " is referred to as by fried part culinary art.Then by (generally part is cooked) of culinary art, food cools down or freezing And pack, for being delivered to consumer.Culinary art or part culinary art food be then ready for being used on by fat and/or It is fried or consumed by oven-baked in oil.
The invention further relates to a kind of method for the oil and/or fat regimen for being used to reduce fry, methods described includes Prepare and above-mentioned wrap up in food and the step of food is wrapped up in frying.Term " food is wrapped up in frying " is included by fried culinary art or part The food of culinary art is to fix batter, optionally followed by cooling or freezing, and/or fry step, then consumption.Surprisingly it has been found that The present invention wrap up in food typically exhibit than can be quite non-wrap up in food as little as few by 15% oil and/or fat regimen.When Wrap up in when most preferred cellulose ether particle is combined in food, it is of the invention wrap up in food present than can be quite non-wrap up in food Few even at least 20% oil and/or fat regimen.
On the other hand, edible composition of the invention is the food spares containing starch of shaping, such as with reference to French fries, russet potato mud, Deep-fried meatballs, potato block, poultry meat nuggets, fish rod or the onion ring of above-mentioned cellulose ether particle. The food spares containing starch being preferably molded are potato spares, such as mashed potatoes, French fries or the brown horse minced Bell potato, it is potato spares, wherein potato ball chopping, chop up, stripping and slicing or screening (riced) after with pan oil It is fried.In the food spares containing starch, the amount of cellulose ether particle is preferably 0.1-1%, more preferably 0.2-0.5%, base In the gross weight of the food spares containing starch.
The invention further relates to a kind of method for being used to prepare the food spares containing starch of shaping, methods described includes The step of above-mentioned cellulose ether particle is combined in the food spares containing starch, and is molded food spares.In one kind In embodiment, methods described also includes the food spares containing starch of freeze forming.In another embodiment, it is described Method also includes bakeing or the food spares containing starch of deep fried shaping, optionally in par and/or freeze forming Food spares after.
The invention further relates to a kind of the oily and/or fat regimen of food spares containing starch for being used to reduce frying Method, methods described are included in the step of combining above-mentioned cellulose ether particle in the above-mentioned food spares containing starch, make food Thing spares are molded and the food spares containing starch of the fried shaping.Term " the food containing starch of frying shaping Spares " include cooking by fried culinary art or part, optionally followed by cooling or freezing, and/or fry step, then consume Step.Surprisingly it has been found that the present invention the food spares containing starch typically exhibit than without cellulose ether particle can Suitable food spares as little as lack 15% oil and/or fat regimen.When combining most preferred fiber in food spares During plain ether particle, the food spares of shaping of the invention are presented than the food spares that can be suitable without cellulose ether particle Few even at least 25% or even at least 45% oil and/or fat regimen.
Unless otherwise, otherwise term " fat ", " oil " and " fat and/or oil " are used interchangeably herein, and refer to The edible fat and/or oil in animal or plant source.The example of the edible oil of plant origin includes sunflower oil, rapeseed Oil, corn oil, peanut oil (arachis oil), sesame oil, soybean oil and palm oil.
Using term "comprising", "comprising" and their variant it is intended that open.Therefore, however not excluded that not expressly listed Or key element, step or the feature of description.Some embodiments of the present invention are described in detail in the examples below now.
Embodiment
Unless otherwise mentioned, otherwise all parts and percentage are based on weight.In embodiment, following test program is used.
Determine methoxyl content and viscosity
The measure of the % methoxyl groups in methylcellulose is carried out according to American Pharmacopeia (USP 34).Methylcellulose glues Degree measures as the 2 weight % aqueous solution at 25 DEG C, using Brookfield LV viscosimeters, using 10rpm and mandrel LV-1.
Determine crystallinity index CI
Crystallinity index uses the Bruker for being equipped with cobalt sealing source capsule and Vantec-1 linear position sensitive detectors D8Advance Powder θ x-ray diffractometers determine, to collect the diffraction pattern of cellulose ether particle.Pipe is in 30kV and 50mA Lower operation, sample cobalt K α radiationIrradiation.Using 6 ° of detector windows, 2 θ collect data from 2 ° to 60 °, Step-length is 0.0426 °, and acquisition time walks for 3s/.Implemented using JADE X-ray pattern analysis softwares V9.3 to resulting X- The analysis of ray diffraction spectrum.As mentioned above, CI=(I200-Iam)/I200, wherein I200For in cellulose ether particle The intensity at top, I in X-ray diffraction spectrum figureamFor top I200In one or two peak adjacent with the top The intensity of trough between the higher person.
Determine the equal volume M of number of particle3,0, the equal surface area M of number2,0And EQPC50,3, the volume of fine grained and fiber grain The intermediate value LEFI of percentage and fiber grain
As former state or after being handled according to following (contrast) embodiment, cellulose ether particle is analyzed, is analyzed using high speed image Instrument sensor QICPIC, Sympatec, Germany, there is internal diameter 4mm solid disperser (dry disperser) RODOS/L, and Solids feeder (dry feeder) VIBRI/L and software WINDOX5,5.3.0 version and M7 lens.
Comparative example A and B
Comparative example A methylcellulose is first methylcellulose, with trade name METHOCELTMSG A7C are purchased From Dow Chemical Company.Its methoxyl content is 30.1%, viscosity 560mPas, as the 2 weight % aqueous solution Measured at 25 DEG C.
Comparative example B methylcellulose is second batch methylcellulose, with trade name METHOCELTMSG A7C are purchased From Dow Chemical Company.Its methoxyl content is 29.9%%, viscosity 690mPas, water-soluble as 2 weight % Liquid measures at 25 DEG C.
Comparative example A and B methylcellulose do not suffer from any processing, and as former state analysis crystallinity index CI and EQPC 50,3。
Embodiment 1 and 3 and comparative example C：Drying-grinding
Commercially available continuous blending machine with heating and cooling jacket is used for comparative example A as raw material Dry methylene cellulose (MC) adds water, to adjust MC moisture and temperature to listed those in the following table 1.In table 1 below In MC of the % moisture based on humidity gross weight, that is, include the MC of water inclusion.Blending machine jacketed.Blending machine chuck is supplied Fluid, to provide jacket temperature listed in the following table 1.Cellulose ether is continuously entered with listed feed rate in table 1 Material is into blending machine.By wet product via conveyer belt continuous conveying to mill feeding device (Altenburger Maschinen Jaeckering GmbH, Hamm, Germany).Paste is pressed into the list in the installation of the bottom of container by the bottom blade of container stirrer Thread screw (single augur screw).Between the first and second grinding stages, directly at Ultrarotor II " S " Gas-scan in the side of impact grinder (Altenburger Maschinen Jaeckering GmbH, Hamm, Germany) Force plate of the wet product by perforation.Grinding machine is equipped with seven grinding stages.Three grinding stages of bottom are equipped with standard state grinding rod. Turbine-rod is installed in four grinding stages of top.In the 7th rotating Vortex of the top for grinding the stage installation with 12 blades Finger screen tray (finger sifter wheel).The inside of grinding machine chuck has the static grinding of standard Altenburger ripples Plate.
The rotor of impact grinder under peripheral speed listed in the following table 1 to operate.With listed in the following table 1 Under flow velocity, the nitrogen stream with 112 DEG C of temperature is fed to the bottom of grinding machine.Cyclone is used for dry product and nitrogen point From.The moisture of final product is less than 1.1-2.3% weight.
Embodiment 2：Drying-grinding then rolls
Using condition listed in the following table 1, as described by for embodiment 1 and 3 and comparative example C, make pair Methylcellulose (MC) experience drying-grinding operation than embodiment A.
After drying-grinding operation, by 50g methylcellulose particles in roller mill (roller mill) further powder Broken 24 hours.The tungsten-carbide ball of roller mill filling 6978.5g diameters 0.125 inch (3.2mm).The grinding machine is that internal diameter is 4.75 English Very little (12cm) and external diameter are the steel cylinder of 5 inches (12.7cm), have 3 inner square baffle plates, each 0.25 inch (0.635cm) is thick.The length of cylinder is also 4.75 inches (12cm).Bottom for welding flange, a diameter of 4.24 inches of lid (10.8cm), there is 0.375 inch of (0.953cm) rubber washer in place using fixture placement.Grinding machine is in environment At a temperature of operate.Equipment rolls on tourelle, to be rotated under 67rpm.The embodiment 2 obtained by the grinding operation The CI of methylcellulose is that 0.14, EQPC 50,3 is 46 μm.
Embodiment 4
In diameter 15 inches (38cm) and length in the Patterson ball mills of 21 inches (53.3cm), 2.5kg pairs Dry methylene cellulose (MC) (CI 0.47, EQPC 50,3 is 89 μm) experience ball mill grinding than embodiment B was up to 18 hours. The ball mill is filled with the carbon steel balls of 100kg diameters 1 inch (25.4mm).Grinding machine originally water cooling.Pass through the grinding operation The crystallinity index of the methylcellulose of obtained embodiment 4 is that 0.19, EQPC 50,3 is 45 μm.
Embodiment 5-7
Comparative example B methylcellulose (CI 0.47, EQPC 50,3 is 89 μm) passes through as in example 4 Grinding is gone through, the difference is that milling time changes.After grinding in 4 hours, crystallinity index CI is 0.43, is ground at 7 hours Afterwards, CI 0.29, after grinding in 27 hours, CI 0.19.
Embodiment 8
2.5kg comparative examples A MC (CI 0.47, EQPC 50,3 is 86 μm) undergoes as in example 4 and ground Mill, the difference is that milling time is 10 hours.The crystallinity of the methylcellulose of the embodiment 8 obtained by the grinding operation refers to Number is that 0.29, EQPC 50,3 is 45 μm.
Embodiment 9
50g comparative examples A dry MC (CI 0.47, EQPC 50,3 is 86 μm) is such as identical roller in example 2 Experience grinding was up to 18 hours in grinding machine.Grinding machine operates at ambient temperature.Equipment rolls on tourelle, with 67rpm Rotation.The crystallinity index of the methylcellulose of the embodiment 9 obtained by the grinding operation is that 0.19, EQPC 50,3 is 45 μ m。
Embodiment 10
50g comparative examples A dry MC (CI 0.47, EQPC 50,3 is 86 μm) is such as identical roller in example 2 Experience grinding was up to 24 hours in grinding machine.Grinding machine operates at ambient temperature.Equipment rolls on tourelle, with 67rpm Rotation.The crystallinity index of the methylcellulose of the embodiment 10 obtained by the grinding operation is that 0.17, EQPC 50,3 is 43 μm。
Table 1
(contrast) embodiment A 1 2 3 C
MC moisture before dry grinding, [%] -- 59 59 56 49
Moist MC feed rate, [kg/h] -- 31 31 16 31
Jacket temperature, [DEG C] -- 2 2 14 -4
MC temperature before dry grinding, [DEG C] -- 25 25 25 25
The gas flow of grinding machine, [m3/h] -- 1394 1394 1531 1002
The tip speed of grinding machine, [m/s] -- 114 114 114 58
Rolling It is no It is no It is It is no It is no
Table 2
Measure oil intake
Prepare French fries
Potato is removed the peel by hand, by two tip cut-offs.The potato is cut into the bar of 0.9cm × 0.9cm cross sections.Selection is equal Even block is used to test.Bar is rinsed with water, is then bleached 5 minutes in 85 DEG C of water.After bleaching, by French fries at 95 DEG C Submerged 1 minute in 0.2% citric acid solution.Then all pieces are drained, is dried in the baking oven of routine, until realizing about 10% Weight loss.Potato is cooled down, covering preservative film (SARANTM PVdC)。
French fries it is batter-coated
By the way that 75 parts of water is mixed with the composition of 25 parts of dry blending, 100 parts of batter is prepared.Dry blend contains 11.625 parts of ground rice (trade mark：Ener-G be free of seitan white ground rice), 11.625 parts of cornstarch (trade mark：VII cornstarch, derived from National Starch), 1 part of cellulose ether and 0.75 listed in table 2 and 3 Salt (the trade mark of part：Morton's Iodized).Add water in the mixing bowl with whipper (wire whisk) annex In dry blend in (Kitchen Aid), medium to being blended about 30 seconds under high speed.The mixture for mixing bowl side is scraped Under, and be blended again 30 seconds.Mixture is blended other 11 minutes under compared with low velocity (slowly to medium-slow).Then will Batter mixture is transferred to 600ml beakers.Batter mixture is then transferred to mixing bowl, and uses scraper and 200g French fries Mixing about 15 seconds.The French fries that batter is coated with are placed on below in the metal wire frame with plastics try.Then will be single using clip Individual French fries are transferred to another from a mixing shelf.French fries are gently thrown 1-2 times, enabling remove excessive batter.
Fry procedures
Industrial deep fryer is used for fried test.Before frying is tested, Fryer is preheated, until it reaches 190 ℃.The French fries that batter is coated with are immersed in fried basket, and par 30 seconds.Fried basket is removed from deep Fryer, Vibrated twice after the about 15-20 seconds.The French fries of par in fried basket are removed from oil, vibrated about 10 times, with from potato The surface of bar removes excessive oil.The French fries of par are then transferred to baking plate (the tared baking to have tared Sheet), and their final weight is recorded.Place and bakee both sheet material and French fries, without covering 10 points in refrigeration machine Clock, subsequent these covering preservative films (SARANTMPVdC).Once French fries freeze overnight, 185 DEG C are heated to by Fryer.Will The baking sheet material of French fries containing par, which is placed on, to be deserved to be called, and is tared.Then French fries are placed in the fried basket of submergence. Record initial temperature.Finally-frying lasts about 2 minutes.After the about 15-20 seconds, by basket vibration twice.Fried basket is moved from oil Remove, vibrate about 10 times.Record final temperature.After cooling, French fries are transferred to polybag (ZiplocTMBag).Before oil analysis, French fries are freezed.
Oil intake analysis
Utilized using Soxtec extracting methods in Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC Described in International, AOAC Official Method 2003.05 principle (Crude Fat in Feeds, Cereal Grains and Forages,Randall/Soxtec/Diethylether Extraction-Submersion Method (crude fat in feed, cereal and army provisions, Randall/Soxtec/ extracted by ether-immersion), First Action 2003, Final Action 2006), to the oil content of the deep fried French fries (French fries) of drying sample measure.Use Purchased from FOSS, Denmark SoxtecTM2055 fat-extraction systems, using by FOSS 2005-03-01's Application Sub Note ASN 3171, " the Extraction of fat in Potato chips of revised edition 4.1 And Corn Snacks using Soxtec extraction systems (use Soxtec extraction systems, in potato chips and jade Fatty extraction in rice snacks) " described in program.Solvent for oil extract is petroleum ether 35/60, ACS, and it is purchased from Alfa Aesar, Johnson Matthey Company.
Calculate the oil of extraction, the gross weight based on French fries.Wherein French fries have it is batter-coated in the case of, oily percentage Base is in the gross weight of French fries, including batter and oil.
Table 3 below list with it is non-wrap up in face but compared with fried French fries as described above, the oil content and oil content of French fries Reduce.
Table 3
Calculated according to following formula reduces in embodiment 1-4 and 8-10 and the oil intake in comparative example A-C：
The oil content of 100 × [oil content of the oil content of control-(contrast) embodiment]/control.
Table 3 illustrates that the cellulose ether particle of the present invention is surprisingly effectively reduced the oil intake of fry, and its intermediate value is of equal value Project circular diameter (EQPC 50,3) and be not more than 110 microns, and crystallinity index CI is not more than 0.43.They compare EQPC 50,3 are more than the contrast of 110 microns (such as in comparative example C) and/or CI more than 0.43 (such as in comparative example A and B) Cellulose ether particle is more effective.
The comparative example A oil content for wrapping up in food is 8.81%, and embodiments of the invention 1 wrap up in the total of food Oil content is 7.39%.Therefore, with comparative example A wrap up in food compared with, the oil for wrapping up in food of embodiments of the invention 1 Intake reduces by 16.1% (100 × [8.81-7.39]/8.81).This is that height is unexpected.Food is wrapped up in comparative example A Compare, the oil intake for wrapping up in food of embodiments of the invention 2 and 3 reduces by 12.9% and 7.4%.With wrapping up in for comparative example B Food is compared, and the oil intake for wrapping up in food of embodiments of the invention 4 reduces by 13.7%.Wheaten food is wrapped up in comparative example A Thing is compared, and the embodiments of the invention 8-10 oil intake for wrapping up in food reduces by 3.7%, 9.3% and 11.5%.

Claims (12)

  1. A kind of 1. edible composition comprising starch and cellulose ether particle, wherein the intermediate value of the cellulose ether particle is of equal value It is at most 110 microns to project circular diameter (EQPC 50,3), and crystallinity index CI is not more than 0.43,
    Wherein CI=(I200-Iam)/I200, wherein I200For the top in the X-ray diffraction spectrum figure of cellulose ether particle Intensity, IamFor top I200And the intensity of the trough in one or two peak adjacent with the top between the higher person.
  2. 2. the composition of claim 1, wherein the crystallinity index of the cellulose ether particle is 0.10-0.30.
  3. 3. the composition of claim 1, wherein the intermediate value equivalent projection circular diameter (EQPC 50,3) of the cellulose ether particle is no More than 80 microns.
  4. 4. the composition of claim 1, wherein the cellulose ether is methylcellulose or hydroxyalky methyl celluloses.
  5. 5. the composition of claim 1, wherein the composition wraps up in face mixture to be dry, it includes at least one and is selected from wheat Powder, corn flour, ground rice, dehydrated potato powder, tapioca starch, bean powder, the flour of oatmeal and pearling cone meal.
  6. 6. the composition of claim 1, wherein food spares of the composition for the shaping of cellulose-binding ether particle.
  7. 7. a kind of be used to prepare the method for wrapping up in food, the described method comprises the following steps：
    Add water in any one of claim 1-5 composition, to form batter；With
    Food is contacted with the batter, food is wrapped up in prepare.
  8. 8. a kind of method for being used to prepare the food spares containing starch of shaping, the described method comprises the following steps：Containing There is the cellulose ether particle that any one of claim 1-4 descriptions are combined in the food spares of starch, and make food spares Shaping.
  9. 9. a kind of method for the oil and/or fat regimen for being used to reduce fry, the described method comprises the following steps：
    Add water in any one of claim 1-5 composition, to form batter；
    Food is contacted with the batter, food is wrapped up in prepare；With
    Food is wrapped up in described in frying.
  10. 10. the method for claim 9, wherein wrapping up in food compared with non-, oil and/or fat regimen is presented as little as in the food of wrapping up in Few 15%.
  11. 11. a kind of method for the oil and/or fat regimen for being used to reduce fry spares, methods described include following step Suddenly：The cellulose ether particle of any one of claim 1-4 descriptions is incorporated in the food spares containing starch, makes food Spares are molded, and the food spares of the fried shaping.
  12. 12. cellulose ether particle, the intermediate value equivalent projection circular diameter (EQPC 50,3) of the particle is not more than 65 microns, and Crystallinity index CI is not more than 0.25,
    Wherein CI=(I200-Iam)/I200, wherein I200For the top in the X-ray diffraction spectrum figure of cellulose ether particle Intensity, IamFor top I200And the intensity of the trough in one or two peak adjacent with the top between the higher person.
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