CN104836749B - A kind of SDN data planes carrier state forwarding processor - Google Patents

A kind of SDN data planes carrier state forwarding processor Download PDF

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CN104836749B
CN104836749B CN201510142251.8A CN201510142251A CN104836749B CN 104836749 B CN104836749 B CN 104836749B CN 201510142251 A CN201510142251 A CN 201510142251A CN 104836749 B CN104836749 B CN 104836749B
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state
message
instruction
status
data
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CN104836749A (en
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毕军
朱树永
孙晨
吴承辉
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Tsinghua University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/20Traffic policing

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of SDN data planes carrier state forwarding processors.Including:Status processing module comprising for the state table of a variety of application protocols setting;Policy module comprising state transition strategy table corresponding with state table;Wherein, the event and current-status query state transition strategy table that the status processing module is occurred based on data plane, state table operational order is determined according to the state transition strategy table, the status information of the data packet recorded in the state table, data flow, connection or network is updated, and corresponding control instruction and message handling instruction are determined to handle data packet or data flow according to the state transition strategy table.The present invention can handle data packet, data flow, connection and network state information in SDN data planes.

Description

A kind of SDN data planes carrier state forwarding processor
Technical field
The present invention relates to Internet technical fields, specifically, being related to a kind of SDN data planes carrier state forward process Device.
Background technology
Software defined network SDN (Software-Defined Networking) is in 2010 by Stanford Univ USA Nick McKeown professors and University of California Berkeley Scott professors Shenker etc. are common to be proposed, starting point is logical The abstract network system for rebuilding a Forwarding plane and control plane separation to network-control is crossed, supports network function Continuous evolution.
Computer Architecture thought is introduced network research field by software defined network, and opening is software defined network Intrinsic propesties.Pass through the opening of the network equipment, the opening of the opening of control plane and protocol realization so that network is no longer one A closed system, to realize the lasting evolution of network architecture.The basic thought of software defined network is should be not unlimited The increase of network complexity, network complexity is connived to be increasingly difficult to, to control, need to be abstracted network, with screen in system ground Bottom complexity is covered, the configuration and management being simple and efficient are provided for upper layer.The essential characteristic of SDN has:Control and forward separating, control Open interface between plane processed and Forwarding plane, centralized control in logic.
OpenFlow agreements were proposed by Stanford University in 2008.The basic thought of OpenFlow is to set traditional network Rapid message forwarding part (data plane) and logic routing decision part (control plane) in standby are detached, data plane Network device internal is resided in, and control plane is then concentrated to control server from network equipment removal, both sides pass through standardization Message interface communicated.Meanwhile new example, in hardware being devised in data plane ----flow table (Flow Table) is made For the abstract model of network equipment data plane, the external world is supplied to be used, then it is extraneous can the data plane of management and control be unified for Flow Table forms;Mark is passed through using centralization analysis, calculating and operation in the control logic of control plane, the network equipment Control instruction is sent to the network equipment by the message mode of standardization, realizes the remote control to the network equipment, to complete tradition point Basic function under cloth Network operation mode, such as message receives, message forwarding, modification forwarding table, obtains equipment state.
The forward process normal form of OpenFlow protocol data planes " matching+action " although disclosure satisfy that the need of some agreements It asks, but still there is larger limitation.OpenFlow interchangers can only provide the matching treatment function to message, cannot support Processing to status information.In existing OpenFlow frameworks, status information can only be handled on the controller.Due to interchanger With the bottleneck of controller communication bandwidth and controller processing capacity, all status informations, all processing can be brought on the controller The problem of performance and scalability.
Invention content
One of technical problem solved by the invention is realized to data message/stream, connection and network in SDN data planes The processing of status information is solved in interchanger and controller communication bandwidth and controller processing capacity there are under conditions of bottleneck, The limited defect of existing network performance.
The present invention provides a kind of SDN data planes carrier state forwarding processors, including:
Status processing module comprising for the state table of a variety of application protocols setting, the state table is for recording data Packet, data flow, the status information of connection or network, and record the state table operational order safeguarded to state table, realize and report The control instruction of text circulation and the process instruction that message is handled;
Policy module comprising state transition strategy table corresponding with state table, the state transition strategy table are SDN nets A variety of application protocols prestore node transition rule and Message processing rule in network;
Wherein, the event and current-status query state transition strategy that the status processing module is occurred based on data plane Table determines state table operational order according to the state transition strategy table, updates the data packet recorded in the state table, data The status information of stream, connection or network, and determined at corresponding control instruction and message according to the state transition strategy table Reason instructs to handle data packet or data flow.
In one embodiment, the status processing module matches the data flow of arrival with state list item, judges The current state of the data flow is obtained according to state transition strategy table described in the event query of data packet carrying under data flow One state and corresponding control instruction or message handling instruction.
In one embodiment, the state table operational order that the status processing module is issued according to SDN controllers is to shape State table is safeguarded.
In one embodiment, matching domain corresponding with application protocol, status field and domain of instruction are set in the state table, The content representation of the matching domain is directed to the message matching area of application protocol setting, the internal representation data of the status field Packet, data flow, the status information of connection or network, the domain of instruction of the state table includes control instruction, state table handling Instruction and message handling instruction.
In one embodiment, in the state transition strategy table be arranged current state field, field of events, NextState domain and Domain of instruction, the event entrained by data packet that the internal representation data plane of the field of events reaches, data flow, or connection, The event that network occurs, the domain of instruction of the Policy Table includes control instruction, state operational order and message handling instruction.
In one embodiment, the status processing module inquires the state transition strategy table according to the message of arrival, List item in state table is updated, or the state table operational order sent according to SDN controllers is to the table in state table Item is updated.
In one embodiment, confinement and confinement when Hard link, the time limit free time when being arranged idle in the state table Domain record list item does not have the message matched time, the time that confinement record sheet item is established when the hard hyper linking, during idle time Or in the case that the value of Hard link time is more than predetermined threshold value, delete the list item of state table.
In one embodiment, the initialization command issued according to SDN controllers is pre-configured in the state table With domain.
In one embodiment, the initialization command issued according to SDN controllers is pre-configured with the state transition strategy The value of current state field, field of events, NextState domain and Policy Table's domain of instruction in table, structure are corresponding with application protocol limited State machine.
The embodiment of the present invention can handle data packet, data flow, connection and network state information in SDN data planes. Wherein, forwarding processor FP can be inquired and be stored data flow or the status information of message by state table ST, to arrival Event (including the message of arrival or SDN controllers issue configuration information) makes corresponding processing.SDN controllers to forwarding at Reason device FP possesses complete control.
Forwarding processor FP provides programmable interface, can act with flexible expansion Message processing, realization to header or The processing of load supports the processing to 4 to 7 layers of information of message, further enhances the programmability of data plane.
SDN controllers, by initialization directive configuration status transition strategy table, are preset according to different application protocols The finite state machine and dependent instruction of data plane state transfer.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be illustrated in the following description, also, partly becomes from specification It obtains it is clear that understand through the implementation of the invention.The purpose of the present invention and other advantages can be by specification, rights Specifically noted structure is realized and is obtained in claim and attached drawing.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and a part for constitution instruction, the reality with the present invention It applies example and is used together to explain the present invention, be not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of SDN data planes carrier state forward process according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of SDN data planes carrier state forwarding processor according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that carrier state forwarding according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention is abstracted SFA principle schematics.
Specific implementation mode
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made below in conjunction with attached drawing further Ground is described in detail.
The embodiment of the present invention is directed to the limitation of tradition OpenFlow agreements, devises a kind of support SDN data planes The forwarding of the technical solution of carrier state forward process, i.e. carrier state is abstracted SFA (Stateful Forwarding Abstraction) Technology.The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of new data plane forward process normal form, is forwarded by increasing in SDN data planes Processor (Forwarding Processor) and state table (State Table) are realized in data plane to status information Processing.
The forward process normal form of OpenFlow protocol data planes " matching+action " in the prior art cannot support data The forward process of planar band state, since OpenFlow flow table lacks the function of carrier state forward process, this processing normal form pair There is significant limitation in many applications for needing to handle state in data plane, such as carrier state fire wall, load balancing. Due to the bottleneck of SDN controllers and switch communication bandwidth and controller processing capacity, all status informations are all concentrated on Processing has significant limitations on controller.
The new types of data plane forward process normal form proposed in detailed description below the present embodiment.
The embodiment of the present invention devises the new data plane forward process normal form of a kind of " matching+state+action ", such as Shown in Fig. 1.In this forward process normal form, embodiment adds state table and state operational order, support flat in data Status information in face of stream or message is recorded and is safeguarded.State table is used to record the status information of stream or message, shape State table handling is instructed for safeguarding state table.When some applications (such as carrier state fire wall) need to handle state in data plane When, handle the message reached according to the status information of data plane, while state table according to the message of arrival and other events (such as The state table operational order that controller issues) it is updated.This processing normal form can directly handle state letter on switches Breath, does not need the participation of SDN controllers.Under this normal form, the input of data plane has two parts, one be input stream or Person's message, the other is status information.Their outgoing message and new shapes under the action of the transfer function that SDN controllers issue State.Wherein, transfer function is for indicating that controller issues node transition rule and Message processing rule.Since in this way, SDN controls Device can be that the various flexible messages of application configuration forward in SDN network and processing is tactful.
Above-mentioned function is realized particular by state table State Table (ST) are increased in data plane.Each shape State list item represents connection legal known to interchanger.The form of state table is as shown in table 1.In SFA frameworks, interchanger is every It is a kind of that the agreement of recording status is needed all to establish a state table.
Table 1
Matching domain State Instruction
Wherein, matching domain field indicates the matching domain of state table, the matching domain in the message matching status table of arrival.Specifically Specific matching domain to different agreements its state list item may be different.
Mode field indicates to reach the status information of data message/stream, connection or network.
Instruction field includes three classes instruction, including control instruction, state table operational order and message handling instruction.Wherein, Control instruction is for realizing message in forwarding table (or traditional routing table), forwarding processor FP (Forwarding Processor) the circulation between SDN controllers, state table operational order are used for message or event according to arrival to shape State carries out maintenance update, and message handling instruction is the instruction for being handled message.
Conversion between state table is carried out according to certain strategy, each state table has corresponding state to shift Policy Table.The structure of state transition strategy table is as shown in table 2 in the present embodiment.
Table 2
Current state Event NextState Instruction
Wherein, current state field list shows the current state of data message/stream, connection or network.Event field indicates The event that data plane occurs, such as judge the variation of TCP connection by monitoring the flag fields of Transmission Control Protocol header, then compare As external SDN controllers issue configuration information, SDN link connection states change.NextState field list show data message/ Stream, connection or network need newer state value.Instruction field in Policy Table indicates that the processing to message acts, such as right The modification of message data parses, gives up.
It should be noted that different state forwarding strategies can be arranged in table 2 for the different application of interchanger, can wrap Include data message/stream, connection or network state transition rule and Message processing rule.
For example, being directed to carrier state fire wall, the variation for monitoring TCP connection state is needed.It can be carried according to message Flag fields come the event of monitoring data message carrying, the event of the variation for the TCP connection state that can be triggered.And TCP connects The variation for connecing state then follows the finite state machine for the Transmission Control Protocol that state transition strategy table describes.It is given simultaneously in state table Dependent instruction, including state table operational order, control instruction and message handling instruction.
In order to distinguish a variety of different applications in SDN frameworks, judge that the data stream packet reached belongs to any application Agreement, the present embodiment devise a protocol filtering table in SDN controllers, as shown in table 3.
Table 3
Matching domain Agreement
Wherein, matching domain field indicates that the domain of matching message, protocol fields is needed to indicate that SDN controllers judge the number reached Belong to any application protocol according to stream packet.For different application protocols, SDN controllers issue corresponding flow table item, are used for The message is forwarded to corresponding state table to handle.
Foundation, the update mechanism of state transition strategy table and state table described further below.
First, SDN controllers are pre-configured with state transition strategy table according to different application protocols by initialization directive In whole list items, that is, current state field, the value of event field, NextState field and Policy Table's instruction field, structure are set The matching domain field built finite state machine corresponding with application protocol, and be pre-configured in the state table.
There are two types of the update modes of state table, and one is can be carried out more to corresponding state list item according to the message of arrival Newly, another thing is updated according to the configuration information that SDN controllers are sent.
Embodiment adds the time limit of state list item (timeout) mechanism, by monitoring period, whether time-out is realized State table entry deletion.There are one the domain (idle_timeout) of idle time limit and Hard link time limit (hard_ for each state list item Timeout) domain, the domains idle_timeout record no message matched time, and the domains hard_timeout record list item is inserted into Time in state table records the time that list item is established.Once the value of free time or Hard link time are more than default threshold Value, then the list item is automatically left out, while sending out the deleted message of a list item to SDN controllers, so that SDN controllers The content of the switch status table of middle storage is consistent with the actual content of switch status table.
As described above, corresponding with application protocol by state table in this present embodiment, it can be with by setting time limit mechanism The list item in state table is flexibly deleted according to the different agreement for reaching data flow.
Illustrate how to judge the state of data flow by taking TCP connection as an example below.The present embodiment identifies (TCP by monitoring TCP Flag) state of TCP connection is recorded.Define TCP connection five connection status, be respectively:It monitors (LISTEN), creates (NEW), it has been established (ESTALBISHED), transmits (TRANSFER), (CLOING) will be closed, be turned off (CLOSED).Specifically It is described as follows.
It monitors (LISTEN), whether monitoring has connection to initiate message.
Newly-built (NEW), when monitoring the first message of a connection, connection status is labeled as NEW.When monitoring TCP When flag is SYN, connection status is updated to NEW.
It has been established (ESTALBISHED), indicates link it has been established that the message of the same connection can be normal through.Work as prison The SYN ACK messages of TCP connection are controlled, connection status is updated to ESTABLISHED.
It transmits (TRANSFER), message transmissions.
It will close (CLOING), and indicate that connection will close.The FIN messages of TCP connection are such as monitored, connection status is more It is newly CLOSING.
It is turned off (CLOSED), indicates that connection has been switched off.The FIN ACK messages of TCP connection are such as monitored, indicate connection It has been switched off.
Further, since the matching domain of OpenFlow interchangers Message processing and processing action are to need in advance in the prior art Definition, there cannot be certain limitation according to the demand flexible expansion of application.SDN controllers root in the embodiment of the present invention According to different application protocols by whole list items in initialization directive dynamic configuration state transition strategy table, to which basis does not have to Application strategy table instruction field content, to set different Message processing actions.Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention has energy Enough remarkable results according to using flexibly setting matching domain, flexible expansion Message processing mode.
Embodiment
The present embodiment provides a kind of SDN data planes carrier state forwarding processor FP (Forwarding Processor), Its structure is as shown in Figure 2.The present embodiment is arranged in SDN switch, is realized to state by increasing intelligence in data plane The maintenance and processing of information.In a particular application, FP can specifically be realized by modes such as CPU, NPU, multinuclears.Referred to by extension Enable the maintenance and processing of interaction and realization to message and status information for realizing message between flow table, FP, controller.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that carrier state forwarding is abstracted SFA (Stateful Forwarding Abstraction) principle. The forward process process in the present embodiment is described in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
As shown in Fig. 2, the SDN data plane carrier states forwarding processor 200 of the present embodiment includes status processing module 201 With policy module 202.Wherein, the state table (State of a variety of application protocol settings is set as in status processing module 201 Table), the state table is used to record the status information of data packet, data flow, connection or network, and record to state table into The control instruction for the state table operational order, realization message circulation that row is safeguarded and the process instruction that message is handled.Strategy State transition strategy table (State Transition Table) corresponding with state table is set in module 202, and the state turns It is that a variety of application protocols prestore node transition rule and Message processing rule in SDN network to move Policy Table.Wherein, correspondence is set The state table and state transition strategy table set indicate the state transition strategy for certain application.
The event and current-status query state transition strategy table that status processing module 201 is occurred based on data plane, root State table operational order is determined according to the state transition strategy table, updates the data packet, data flow, company recorded in the state table It connects or the status information of network, and corresponding control instruction and message handling instruction is determined according to the state transition strategy table To handle data packet or data flow.
Specifically, status processing module 201 matches the data flow of arrival with state list item, judges the data flow Current state, according to data packet carry event query described in state transition strategy table, obtain data flow NextState and Corresponding control instruction or message handling instruction.
Forwarding processor FP is realized by state table and instruction safeguards and handles data packet, data flow, company in data plane It connects or the status information of network, and the processing to header and load information.Forwarding processor FP provides programming simultaneously and connects Mouthful, realize the flexible expansion to instruction, the programmability of the function and enhancing data plane of further abundant data plane.
In specific implementation, forwarding processor FP can be based on CPU, GPU, NetFPGA, and ASIC multi-core processors etc. are a variety of Mode realizes that state table can be realized based on RAM and TCAM.
Processing of the instruction set realization to message and state is provided in the present embodiment, number is further enhanced by the extension of instruction According to the processing capacity of plane.Instruction set includes control instruction, state table operational order and message handling instruction.State table coding line The content of section and Policy Table's instruction field is respectively control instruction, state operational order and one kind or more in message handling instruction Kind.
Wherein, circulation of the control instruction for realizing message between forwarding table, forwarding processor FP and SDN controller, Including GOTO_ST (n), GOTO_FT (m) etc..
Configuration information that state table operational order is used to be issued according to message, the SDN controllers of arrival etc. realizes state table Maintenance and update, including INIT, CLEAR, FIND, INSERT, UPDATE, ERASE, ISEMPTY, SIZE etc..
Message handling instruction is used for processing of the realization to message in forwarding processor FP, including MATCH, ADD, DELETE, MODIFY, DROP, OUTPUT, PARSE, QUEUE etc..
Status processing module inquires state transition strategy table based on the message for reaching data flow in the present embodiment, according to described Node transition rule determines state operational order to update the status information of data flow in the state table, and according to the message Processing rule determines control instruction and/or message handling instruction to be forwarded processing to data stream packet.Since in this way, forwarding Processor FP can be inquired and be stored data flow or the status information of message by state table ST, to the event of arrival (including The configuration information that the message or SDN controllers of arrival issue) make corresponding processing.
In addition, SDN controllers and FP are communicated by asynchronous information in this implementation, forwarding processor FP is possessed completely Control, forwarding processor FP are provided programmable interface, can be acted with flexible expansion Message processing, are realized to header or are born The processing of load further enhances the programmability of data plane.
Carrier state forward process process
Pre-set protocol filtering table as shown in Figure 3 in SDN controllers, and from SDN controllers to forwarding processor FP issues initialization command, be pre-configured with current state field in the state transition strategy table, field of events, NextState domain and The value of Policy Table's domain of instruction builds finite state machine corresponding with application protocol, and being pre-configured in the state table With domain.
As shown in figure 3, according to the corresponding state forwarding strategy table of different application agreement setting m groups and shape in SDN network State table.The node transition rule and Message processing rule of carrier state fire wall are actually provided that in state forwarding strategy table. For example, the various situations of permission (ALLOW) generating state conversion are stored in state forwarding strategy table 1, and in input TCP Which kind of event connection occurs and which kind of state change is corresponded to.Similar, it is also desirable to storage does not allow (DROP) generating state to convert Various situations (being not shown in Fig. 3).
After the data message of input reaches, according to the information matches forwarding table 0 on data message head, data message is sent out It send to status processing module corresponding with agreement.For example, GOTO_ST (1) indicates data message being passed to shape in forwarding table 0 State table 1.
Next, status processing module is based on the message query strategy mould state forwarding strategy in the block for reaching data flow Table determines state table operational order according to pre-stored node transition rule in state forwarding strategy table, updates the state The status information of data flow in the state table of processing module.In the example of fig. 3, state table 1 is according to current state and input thing Part (flag of such as TCP header) inquires corresponding state switching strategy table 1, obtain next state, corresponding control instruction and Process instruction.
Finally, the control instruction inquiry forwarding table returned according to status processing module forwards data stream, realizes number According to circulation of the message between forwarding processor FP and forwarding table.Forwarding processor FP can also be based on process instruction to datagram Text such as is abandoned, is changed, being added, being deleted at the processing of operations, complete paired data header or load.
While it is disclosed that embodiment content as above but described only to facilitate understanding the present invention and adopting Embodiment is not limited to the present invention.Any those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains are not departing from this Under the premise of the disclosed spirit and scope of invention, any modification and change can be made in the implementing form and in details, But the scope of patent protection of the present invention, still should be subject to the scope of the claims as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of SDN data planes carrier state forwarding processor, which is characterized in that including:
Status processing module comprising for multiple state tables that a variety of application protocols are respectively set, the state table is for recording Data packet, data flow, the status information of connection or network, and record the state table operational order safeguarded to state table, reality The control instruction of existing message circulation and the process instruction that message is handled;
Policy module comprising multiple state transition strategy tables, the state shift correspondingly with the multiple state table Policy Table is that a variety of application protocols prestore node transition rule and Message processing rule in SDN network;
Current state field, field of events, NextState domain and domain of instruction are set in the state transition strategy table, the field of events The data packet that internal representation data plane reaches, the event entrained by data flow, or event that connection, network occur, it is described The domain of instruction of Policy Table includes control instruction, state operational order and message handling instruction;
Confinement and confinement when Hard link when being arranged idle in the state table, confinement record sheet item does not have message when described idle The time matched, the time that confinement record sheet item is established when the Hard link, during idle time or the value of Hard link time is more than In the case of predetermined threshold value, the list item of state table is deleted;
Wherein, the status processing module is carried out according to the initialization command that SDN controllers issue respectively with the policy module Initial configuration;
The status processing module receives the data packet or data flow fitted through via the forwarding table from forwarding table;
The event and current-status query state transition strategy table that the status processing module is occurred based on data plane, according to institute State state transition strategy table and determine state table operational order, update the data packet recorded in the state table, data flow, connection or The status information of person's network, and according to the state transition strategy table determine corresponding control instruction and message handling instruction come pair Data packet or data flow are handled.
2. forwarding processor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the status processing module is by the data flow of arrival It is matched with state list item, judges the current state of the data flow, state described in the event query carried according to data packet turns Policy Table is moved, the NextState and corresponding control instruction or message handling instruction of data flow are obtained.
3. forwarding processor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the status processing module turns according to matching status The state table operational order that Policy Table obtains is moved to safeguard state table.
4. forwarding processor according to claim 2, which is characterized in that be arranged in the state table corresponding to application protocol Matching domain, status field and domain of instruction, the content representation of the matching domain is directed to the message matching area of application protocol setting, institute The status information of the internal representation data packet of status field, data flow, connection or network is stated, is wrapped in the domain of instruction of the state table Include control instruction, state table operational order and message handling instruction.
5. forwarding processor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the status processing module is according to the message of arrival The state transition strategy table is inquired, the list item in state table is updated, or the state table sent according to SDN controllers Operational order is updated the list item in state table.
6. forwarding processor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the initialization command issued according to SDN controllers The matching domain being pre-configured in the state table.
7. forwarding processor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the initialization command issued according to SDN controllers Be pre-configured with current state field in the state transition strategy table, field of events, NextState domain and Policy Table's domain of instruction value, Structure finite state machine corresponding with application protocol.
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《SDN体系结构与未来网络体系结构创新环境》;毕军等;《电信科学》;20130820;7-15 *

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