CN104836406A - Synchronization exciter and work method thereof - Google Patents
Synchronization exciter and work method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104836406A CN104836406A CN201510269764.5A CN201510269764A CN104836406A CN 104836406 A CN104836406 A CN 104836406A CN 201510269764 A CN201510269764 A CN 201510269764A CN 104836406 A CN104836406 A CN 104836406A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a synchronization exciter; an exciter rotor is fixed by an exciter rotor fixing pile; an exciter stator is arranged outside the exciter rotor through a bearing, and rotates outside the exciter rotor; a generator rotor winding and an exciter stator winding are in 1:1 corresponding relation; the exciter stator is coaxial with the generator rotor, so a same-pole number absolute synchronization brushless AC motor can be produced so as to prevent frequency, phase, field current and excitation intensity onerous calculating and inevitable error problems; the synchronization exciter and a work method can measure temperature parameters of the generator rotor, and can automatically adjust a cooling system or loads; generator detection data can be directly obtained, no other element is needed, grid connected speed is fast, and field discharge and idle running can be realized after outer network short circuit happens; the synchronization exciter is small in size, and absolutely synchronize with a main shaft generator, and an exciter pole number can be arranged at will, thus having high efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to exciter field, the exciter alternator especially in generating equipment.
Background technology
The excitation system of synchronous generator is the important component part of synchronous generator, and its performance determines the operation characteristic of generator and even electric power system, ensures the stability and security of generator and electric power system.
The effect of excitation system has following several aspect:
1. regulate exciting current accordingly according to the change of generator load, to maintain the stable of generator voltage; Under electric power system normal operation, excitation system must maintain generator voltage within given range.When system loading changes time, the terminal voltage of generator will inevitably be affected, excitation system now generation effect, and the exciting current of increase and decrease generator, makes the voltage of generator maintain within normal range (NR) automatically.
2. control the reasonable distribution of reactive power between paired running each generator
Modern power systems is the paired running of multiple stage generator mostly, in system, the active power of generator is determined by input power, when distributing idle, be usually all by generator capacious multiple go out reactive power, the generator of low capacity then output reactive power less accordingly.The reactive power exported due to generator is again relevant with exciting current size, the reactive power size of the generator of paired running is determined by the difference coefficient of generator, field regulator can regulate difference coefficient, and therefore, excitation system is also responsible for the important task that reactive power regulates.
3. improve the stability of electric power system and the stability of generator parallel operation;
Electric power system, in running, must be subjected to various interference, and after disturbance, if system can return to original operating state, or be transitioned into another kind of stable state, this system is exactly stable.The stable of electric power system is divided into steady stability and transient stability two kinds of stable states, and good excitation system can significantly improve the steady stability of electric power system, the stable operation zone increased electric power in generator's power and angle characteristic.Be subjected to the large disturbances such as such as short circuit when system after, due to the decline of terminal voltage, will cause the decline of electromagnetic power, generator amature is by very large the waving of generation.If now do not have excitation system terminal voltage to be improved, generator will speed up imbalance.If the field regulator that now generator owner is good, by force voltage is improved, add electromagnetic power accordingly, by the balanced action of final sum mechanical output, reach new point of safes.But, improve the transient stability of electric power system, need accelerate the quick excision of fault and have the excitation system of high exciting voltage response ratio.
4. improve the service conditions of electric power system
When Power System Shortcuts, can cause the reduction of system voltage, the medium-and-large-sized motor of system can be in on-position.
After failure removal, motor can absorb a large amount of reactive power self-startings, causes system voltage to recover to slow down.Forced exciting can improve rapidly the terminal voltage of generator, improves the service conditions of motor.Generator is after loss of excitation, if electric power system can provide enough reactive powers.Generator can ME for maintenance stablize the generator simultaneously ensureing loss of excitation can asynchronous operation within certain hour.When generator breaks down, carry out demagnetization, to reduce breakdown loss degree; According to service requirement, the restriction of maximum excitation and the restriction of minimum excitation are carried out to generator.
In a word, along with electric power system power consumption improves rapidly, generator is mostly in paired running state.In order to ensure the safety and stablization of electric power system, the performance of automatic excitation adjustor of generator must be improved.
Brushless excitation system has itself can not superseded advantage, and operation that can be stable under dangerous working condition is the first-selected excitation mode of modern middle and small motor and large-scale brushless excitation system.Due to AC exciter and main generator coaxial, provide exciting current by uncontrollable rotating rectifier to generator.
But large-sized water turbine generator is needed to calculate various parameter, and the excitation intensity of exciter is regulated by regulating frequency, and regulating frequency needs by the various parameters of generator, as following paper the large-sized water turbine generator positioning line rod transposition studied super with circulation loss analytical calculation Harbin University of Science and Technology Yang Li; The calculating North China Electric Power University Song Hong will of large-sized water turbine generator electromagnetic parameter under different operating mode; 1000MW hydraulic generator synchronous reactance calculates and the gorgeous duckweed of analysis of Influential Factors Harbin University of Science and Technology beam; Hydraulic generator end electromagnetic field analysis and reactance parameter calculate the gorgeous duckweed of Harbin University of Science and Technology's beam; Tubular-turbine generator damping system loss based on electromagnetic field and Temperature calculating is generated heat and is studied south, University Of Chongqing's model town; The electric current of hydraulic generator damping winding, loss, electromagnetic force and temperature have carried out a large amount of calculation and comparision analyses; Excitation of AC Brushless Synchronous Generator development of Electromagnetic Design Software Hunan University He Dongxia; The research South China Science & Engineering University Hou Yamin of brushless excitation synchronous generator exciter control system; Calculation Study on Optimal Design Shandong University Xue of brushless exciter keeps; The AC exciter of brushless excitation alternating current generator calculates Shanghai Communications University Chen Gang.
Above prior art passes through the calculating of complexity and precision invariably, and realize very difficult, manufacturing cost is very large, even if through so large calculating, but in practical work environment, each Parameters variation is complicated, error is inevitable, cannot reach stable operation fast during generator failure.
Ac excited generator, gain the name because its excitation winding adopts alternating current excitation, the structure of its body is identical with wire-wound asynchronous motor, stator has three-phase symmetric winding, rotor adopts the excitation winding that three-phase (or two-phase) is symmetrical, and the frequency of exciting voltage, size, phase place, phase sequence can control.
Traditional synchronous generator adopts the excitation winding concentrated, its exciting current is direct current, thus the size of exciting voltage amplitude can only be controlled, control exciting current, and the position of rotor field relative rotor body is changeless, when carrying out gaining merit, Reactive-power control time must be attended by the machine transitional processes of rotor.Ac excited generator is then different, because its rotor field coil is heterogeneous symmetric winding, and exciting voltage is the symmetrical alternating current electricity of phase place, amplitude, changeable frequency, generator excitation magnetic field size, the position of relative rotor body and the rotating speed of motor is controlled by regulating exciting voltage amplitude, frequency, phase place, due to the increase of the ac excited generator excitation con-trol degree of freedom, such motor is made to have the possibility of beyond tradition synchronous generator performance.
Existing exciter rotor rotates inside stator, exciter rotor and generator amature coaxial rotating, need calculated rate and electromagnetism just can make generator stable operation, always there is certain error in the calculating as said frequencies and electromagnetism, causing can not absolute synchronization, fluctuation of service, need heighten exciter machine frequency and solve absolute synchronization; Systems stabilisation can not be carried out by rapid adjustment exciting current; Exciter and generator can not same numbers of poles; If produce absolute synchronization with the generator of number of poles and exciter, the then bulky of exciter, generator rotor structure is complicated, causes manufacturing cost high, bulky, is not easy to transport, installation and maintenance.
Because generator amature is encased by generator unit stator, Generator Rotor Temperature cannot be detected in real time, or there is very big error in the temperature data detected, cause generator operation bad stability, easily cause the faults such as generator short circuit.
Summary of the invention
Synchronous generator locks or synchronized relation because have between its electric frequency of producing and the mechanical rotary speed of generator, the rotor of synchronous generator there is the electromagnetic pole of being powered by direct current, rotor field followed by rotor and turns to rotation, in motor, the rotating speed of rotating magnetic field is associated by f=n*P/120 with between stator electricity frequency, in formula: f is electric frequency, unit is Hz; N is the mechanical separator speed (equaling the rotor speed of synchronous machine) in magnetic field; Unit is r/min; P is number of poles.
The invention provides a kind of relative to existing synchronous generator with progression with lightweight under power situation, manufacturing cost is extremely low, and volume is minimum, and can make exciter and the same number of poles of generator, alternator output frequency is stablized, can with the exciter structure of generator absolute synchronization.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is: a kind of exciter alternator, is characterized in that: exciter rotor is fixed by exciter rotor spud pile, and exciter stator is arranged on exciter rotor outside by bearing, and excitation machine stator rotates in exciter rotor outside.
Further, described exciter stator is provided with exciter stator winding, exciter stator outside is provided with rectifying disc, exciter stator connects generator amature by main shaft, induced current on exciter stator winding is by being connected at the generator amature winding on generator amature after rectifying disc rectification, magnetic field is provided to generator amature winding, generator amature winding outside is provided with generator unit stator, generator unit stator is provided with generator unit stator winding, three-phase voltage is exported by generator unit stator winding, generator amature is fixed on main shaft, and main shaft connects power wheel.
Further, described power wheel is the hydraulic turbine, steam turbine or wind-force wheel.
Further, described exciter stator arranges radiator to dispel the heat to generator amature.
Further, described exciter alternator also comprises line voltage measurement mechanism and comparison means, this comparison means is used for comparing measured value and the limit value of this line voltage, with the electrical network wired in series of this synchronous generator be furnished with at least one armature winding of current transformer; And the secondary winding of current transformer is connected with regulating circuit, this regulating circuit is arranged to when line voltage drops to lower than limit value, the exciting power be used for needed for generation, when the line voltage of synchronous generator drops to the device lower than carrying out excitation during predetermined limit value to this synchronous generator, excitation is by regulating the secondary voltage of current transformer to control.
Further, the method of work of described exciter alternator is: exciter stator is coaxial with generator amature, exciter stator rotates in exciter rotor outside, induced current on exciter stator winding is by providing exciting current to the generator amature winding on generator amature after rectifying disc rectification, during the rotation speed change of generator amature, the exciting current of exciter alternator reaches stable state from Row sum-equal matrix; Exciter and generating function get same parameter, adopt same electromagnetism computing formula, while measurement generator unit stator temperature, can ensure that exciter stator temperature is identical with Generator Rotor Temperature, thus can according to the exciter stator temperature automatic adjustment cooling system measured or the function regulating load.
The invention has the advantages that: AC exciter provides exciting current to generator amature winding, eliminates brush and slip ring, can not produce commutation spark, be adapted at running in dangerous operational environment.Exciting current all takes from the axle system of generator, the stability of exciting current obtains Reliable guarantee, exciter structure of the present invention can make generator amature winding and exciter stator winding be 1:1 corresponding relations, and exciter stator is coaxial with generator amature, the brushless AC generator of same number of poles absolute synchronization can be produced, eliminate the heavy calculating of frequency, phase place, exciting current and excitation intensity and inevitable error problem.
Existing high-power generator all can not measure generator amature internal temperature, rotate because of generator amature and encased by stator, Generator Rotor Temperature can not be measured, cause can not accurately understanding generator working temperature, stability is uncontrollable, exciter of the present invention and generating function get same parameter, adopt same electromagnetism computing formula, while measurement stator temperature, can ensure that exciter stator temperature is identical with Generator Rotor Temperature, thus can according to the exciter stator temperature automatic adjustment cooling system measured or the function regulating load.
Because generator amature and exciter stator are coaxial, therefore radiator is set on exciter stator, as fin, low cost can solves generator amature heat radiation.
Generator test data can directly obtain, and not by other elements, and net spee is fast, and after outer net short circuit, direct demagnetization dallies, and it is little that the present invention has volume, and to generate electricity function absolute synchronization with main shaft, exciter number of poles is arranged arbitrarily, and efficiency is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structure chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is exciter of the present invention and generator synchronization principles figure;
In figure, 1 be exciter rotor, 2 are exciter rotor spud piles, 3 are exciter stators, 4 are exciter stator windings, 5 are bearings, 6 are main shafts, 7 are generator unit stators, 8 are generator unit stator windings, 9 are generator amatures, 10 are power wheels, 11 are exciter rotor windings, 12 are generator amature windings, 13 are rectifying discs, 14 is field power supplies.
Embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing, be described in more detail implementation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment to exciter rotor 1, makes exciter rotor 1 produce stationary magnetic field with continuous current excitation electric current, and continuous current excitation power supply arrives exciter rotor 1 excitation winding through exciter rotor spud pile 2; Exciter stator 3 is followed generator amature 9 synchronous rotary and is done cutting magnetic line movement generation three phase excitation power supply, generator amature winding 12 exciting current after rectifying disc 13 rectification on supply generator rotor 9, generator unit stator 7 induces alternating electromotive force and exports, exciter stator 3 and the same number of poles of generator unit stator 7.
When during production, exciter and mechanism of power generation cause same number of poles, because of exciter stator 3, to connect main shaft 6 coaxial with generator amature 9, and such exciter stator 3 is all identical with rotating speed with the number of poles of generator amature 9; I.e. f=n*P/120, in formula: f is electric frequency, unit is Hz; N is the mechanical separator speed (equaling the rotor speed of synchronous machine) in magnetic field; Unit is r/min; P is number of poles.Such exciter and generator ensure that absolute synchronous, eliminate the complicated algorithm that controller controls.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment generator phase voltage, by providing exciting current to exciter rotor 1 after rectifying disc 13 rectification, makes exciter rotor 1 produce stationary magnetic field, and continuous current excitation power supply arrives exciter rotor 1 excitation winding through exciter rotor spud pile 2; Exciter stator 3 is followed generator amature 9 synchronous rotary and is done cutting magnetic line movement generation three phase excitation power supply, generator amature winding 12 exciting current after rectifying disc 13 rectification on supply generator rotor 9, generator unit stator 7 induces alternating electromotive force and exports, exciter stator 3 and the same number of poles of generator unit stator 7.
Exciter rotor 1 is fixed by exciter rotor spud pile 2, and it is outside that exciter stator 3 is arranged on exciter rotor 1 by bearing 5, and excitation machine stator 3 rotates in exciter rotor 1 outside, described exciter stator 3 is provided with exciter stator winding 4, exciter stator 3 outside is provided with rectifying disc 13, exciter stator 3 connects generator amature 9 by main shaft 6, induced current on exciter stator winding 4 is by being connected at the generator amature winding 12 on generator amature 9 after rectifying disc 13 rectification, magnetic field is provided to generator amature winding 12, generator amature winding 12 outside is provided with generator unit stator 7, generator unit stator 4 is provided with generator unit stator winding 8, three-phase voltage is exported by generator unit stator winding 8, generator amature 9 is fixed on main shaft 6, main shaft 6 connects power wheel 10, described power wheel 10 is the hydraulic turbine, steam turbine or wind-force wheels, described exciter alternator comprises line voltage measurement mechanism and comparison means, and this comparison means is used for comparing measured value and the limit value of this line voltage, with the electrical network wired in series of this synchronous generator be furnished with at least one armature winding of current transformer, and the secondary winding of current transformer is connected with regulating circuit, this regulating circuit is arranged to when line voltage drops to lower than limit value, the exciting power be used for needed for generation, when the line voltage of synchronous generator drops to the device lower than carrying out excitation during predetermined limit value to this synchronous generator, excitation is by regulating the secondary voltage of current transformer to control.
Exciter stator increases radiator, and radiator is air-cooled fin or water cooled heat radiating sheet or increases heat-energy recovering apparatus.
Claims (9)
1. an exciter alternator, is characterized in that: exciter rotor is fixed by exciter rotor spud pile, and exciter stator is arranged on exciter rotor outside by bearing, and excitation machine stator rotates in exciter rotor outside.
2. exciter alternator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described exciter stator is provided with exciter stator winding, exciter stator outside is provided with rectifying disc, exciter stator connects generator amature by main shaft, induced current on exciter stator winding is by being connected at the generator amature winding on generator amature after rectifying disc rectification, magnetic field is provided to generator amature winding, generator amature winding outside is provided with generator unit stator, generator unit stator is provided with generator unit stator winding, three-phase voltage is exported by generator unit stator winding, generator amature is fixed on main shaft, main shaft connects power wheel.
3. exciter alternator according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described exciter alternator also comprises line voltage measurement mechanism and comparison means, this comparison means is used for comparing measured value and the limit value of this line voltage, with the electrical network wired in series of this synchronous generator be furnished with at least one armature winding of current transformer; And the secondary winding of current transformer is connected with regulating circuit, this regulating circuit is arranged to when line voltage drops to lower than limit value, the exciting power be used for needed for generation, when the line voltage of synchronous generator drops to the device lower than carrying out excitation during predetermined limit value to this synchronous generator, excitation is by regulating the secondary voltage of current transformer to control.
4. exciter alternator according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described power wheel is the hydraulic turbine, steam turbine or wind-force wheel.
5. exciter alternator according to claim 3, is characterized in that: on described exciter stator, arrange radiator dispel the heat to generator amature.
6. exciter alternator according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described radiator is air-cooled fin.
7. exciter alternator according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described radiator is water cooled heat radiating sheet.
8. exciter alternator according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described radiator is heat-energy recovering apparatus.
9. according to the method for work of any one of claim 1-8 exciter alternator be: exciter stator is coaxial with generator amature, exciter stator rotates in exciter rotor outside, induced current on exciter stator winding is by providing exciting current to the generator amature winding on generator amature after rectifying disc rectification, during the rotation speed change of generator amature, the exciting current of exciter alternator reaches stable state from Row sum-equal matrix; Exciter and generating function get same parameter, adopt same electromagnetism computing formula, while measurement generator unit stator temperature, can ensure that exciter stator temperature is identical with Generator Rotor Temperature, thus can according to the exciter stator temperature automatic adjustment cooling system measured or the function regulating load.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101110544A (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2008-01-23 | 湘潭电机股份有限公司 | Brushless synchronous traction generator |
| CN201045750Y (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2008-04-09 | 天津市新源电气科技有限公司 | External rotor brushless dual-feed generator and controller thereof |
| CN201266900Y (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2009-07-01 | Abb有限公司 | Apparatus for excitation of synchronous generator |
| CN102985686A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2013-03-20 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Power generating apparatus of renewable energy type and operation method thereof |
| CN204835872U (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-12-02 | 湖南零陵恒远发电设备有限公司 | Exciter alternator |
-
2015
- 2015-05-25 CN CN201510269764.5A patent/CN104836406A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201045750Y (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2008-04-09 | 天津市新源电气科技有限公司 | External rotor brushless dual-feed generator and controller thereof |
| CN101110544A (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2008-01-23 | 湘潭电机股份有限公司 | Brushless synchronous traction generator |
| CN201266900Y (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2009-07-01 | Abb有限公司 | Apparatus for excitation of synchronous generator |
| CN102985686A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2013-03-20 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Power generating apparatus of renewable energy type and operation method thereof |
| CN204835872U (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-12-02 | 湖南零陵恒远发电设备有限公司 | Exciter alternator |
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Application publication date: 20150812 |