CN104836239A - Low-voltage intelligent synchronous switch - Google Patents
Low-voltage intelligent synchronous switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN104836239A CN104836239A CN201510165532.5A CN201510165532A CN104836239A CN 104836239 A CN104836239 A CN 104836239A CN 201510165532 A CN201510165532 A CN 201510165532A CN 104836239 A CN104836239 A CN 104836239A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
Abstract
The invention provides a low-voltage intelligent synchronous switch. The switch comprises a control module, a current detection module, a voltage detection module, an input module, a zero-crossing switching module, a communication module, a power module, and a display module. The control module is connected with other seven modules. The power module is connected with the zero-crossing switching module, the communication module, and the display module. Through cooperation of the zero-crossing switching module and the control module, the switch can be switched to a capacitor or an AC power switch on a zero-crossing point, realizing switching-in of the capacitor on a voltage zero-crossing point and switching-off on a current zero-crossing point. In a switching process, the switch has no inrush current, no electric arc, and switch contacts are not damaged. The switch has no inrush current in switching, contacts do not sinter, and the switch is small in volume, low in energy consumption, and does not lead in transient state and harmonic waves. The switch can adapt to various extreme cold extreme hot harsh environment, and can satisfy various occasions of reactive capacity requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of break-make control technology for exchanging reactive-load compensation capacitor; be specifically related to a kind of containing each phase electrical measurement, defencive function, and can not automatically run the reactive power compensation synchro switch carrying out the capacitor switching control communicated with daemon software and other equipment by connection control device.
Background technology
In low-voltage network, along with the extensive use of power electronic equipment, increasing of little industrial cousumer and popularizing of household electrical appliance, load becomes increasingly complex, and compared with traditional supply line, also day by day increases the demand of the reactive power that supply line provides.Meanwhile, reactive power increases makes the power factor of electric power system reduce, and this directly causes again the power loss in electrical network to increase, and the loss of voltage increases, and increases the capacity of electric equipment, makes electrical network produce the problems such as fluctuation.Thus no matter enterprise is from cost-saving, improves the quality of power supply and still all must take measures to carry out reactive power compensation from the viewpoint of the power supply capacity etc. improving equipment.The compensation of reactive power utilizes the method for shunt capacitor in electrical network to realize usually.Capacitor is dropped into reach when voltage zero-cross, object capacitor being excised when current over-zero, carries out switching with existing combination switch to capacitor in usual low-pressure system.Wish to utilize the method for bidirectional triode thyristor and magnetic latching relay parallel connection to realize low-power consumption, do not generate heat, the effect of the capacitor of no-flashy-flow.Existing combination switch has the following shortcoming:
1 controllable silicon is responsive especially to voltage change ratio, strong to the ability to bear of overcurrent, not easily turn off when current changing rate is very high, and to heat and rush of current very sensitive, once occur that impulse current or voltage exceed its feasible value, its permanent damage will be made immediately.
The internal electric source of 2 existing combination switches is all with heavier transformer substantially, volume is large, quality weight, be unfavorable for transport and install, especially in the Northeast in winter, temperature is low especially, make existing combination switch in transportation, wiring board often ruptures, and power unit can not normal power supply, product cisco unity malfunction.
The drive circuit of 3 magnetic latching relays is all utilize photoelectrical coupler to coordinate other devices to use usually, compares dispersion, does not utilize integrated, be unfavorable for the reduction of cost simultaneously.
Most of combination switch of 4 China all needs Configuration Control Unit to carry out work.Wiring bothers, and install complicated, the occasion little for compensation capacity demand adds cost virtually.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for there is controllable silicon in prior art responsive especially to voltage change ratio, not strong to the ability to bear of overcurrent, not easily turn off when current changing rate is very high, and to heat and rush of current very sensitive, once occur that impulse current or voltage exceed its feasible value, its permanent damage will be made immediately, thus make combination switch short for useful life, easy break-down, the problem that production cost is high, a kind of low-voltage intelligent synchro switch is proposed, this switch passes through the cooperation of operating passing zero module and control module, can at zero crossing switched capacitor or ac power switch, achieve capacitor to drop at voltage over zero, current zero-crossing point excises, no-flashy-flow in switching process, do not play electric arc, do not damage switch contact, volume is little, energy consumption is little, do not introduce transient state and harmonic wave, the harsh and unforgiving environments of various poles cold pole heat can be adapted to, and the occasion of various reactive capability demand can be met, the power factor in system can be demonstrated in real time, active power, reactive power, current value, magnitude of voltage, the break-make information of 13 subharmonic value and each phase electric capacity and same category of device and background monitoring device talk in system.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of low-voltage intelligent synchro switch, the composition of this switch comprises control module, current detection module, voltage detection module, input module, operating passing zero module, communication module, power module and display module; Wherein, control module respectively with other seven model calling, power module is also connected with display module with operating passing zero module, communication module respectively;
Described control module comprises single-chip microcomputer;
Described current detection module comprises current transformer, sampling resistor, filter circuit and operational amplification circuit; Wherein, the primary side of current transformer is serially connected in low pressure 380V mains-power circuit, and secondary side is in parallel with sampling resistor; Sampling resistor and filter circuit series connection, be connected to operational amplification circuit after filter circuit, operational amplification circuit is connected with control module;
Described voltage detection module comprises divider resistance, the second sampling resistor, the second filter circuit and the second operational amplification circuit; Divider resistance one end is connected with low pressure 380V mains-power circuit, and then the other end is connected in series with the second sampling resistor, the second filter circuit and the second operational amplification circuit more in turn, and the second operational amplification circuit is connected with control module;
The composition of described input module comprises keyboard;
The composition of described operating passing zero module comprises: integrated chip U2, integrated chip U1, magnetic latching relay K0,4 resistance, inductance L 0, electric capacity C0, rectifier bridge D1 and photoelectrical coupler U3, wherein, integrated chip U2 connects with integrated chip U1, the 10th of integrated chip U1, 12 pins are connected to the control coil two ends of magnetic latching relay K0, resistance R1 and resistance R2 is connected in parallel with the switch contact of magnetic latching relay K0 after connecting, the two ends of two resistance are connected on the two ends of magnetic latching relay K0 contact respectively, inductance L 0 is drawn from the intermediate node of resistance R1 and resistance R2, be connected on after electric capacity C0 is in parallel with rectifier bridge D1 between inductance L 0 and lead-out terminal E0, be connected with two terminals of photoelectrical coupler U3 after rectifier bridge D1 connects with current-limiting resistance R3, resistance R4 is connected on after connecting with two other terminal of photoelectrical coupler between power supply VCC and ground GND.
The composition of described communication module comprises the identical and independently submodule separately of two structures; Each submodule comprises three photoelectrical couplers, chip MAX485, transistor, resistance, inductance and voltage stabilizing didoe; For one of them, one of the single-chip microcomputer in control module controls pin and is connected with the 2nd pin of photoelectrical coupler U6 after resistance R17, and then the 3rd pin is connected with 2,3 pins of chip MAX485 through resistance R18; 2nd pin of photoelectrical coupler U4 is connected with the 1st pin RO of chip MAX485 after resistance R10, and the data receiver pin RXD of the single-chip microcomputer in control module 1 is connected with the 3rd pin of photoelectrical coupler U4 after resistance R13, transistor Q1; The data of the single-chip microcomputer in control module 1 send pin TXD and are connected with the 2nd pin of photoelectrical coupler U5 through resistance R22, and the 3rd pin of photoelectrical coupler U5 is connected with the 4th pin DI of chip MAX485 after transistor Q2; Resistance R19, resistance R20, resistance R21 be connected on power supply VCC and ground GND between, chip MAX485 the 6th, 7 pins in parallel at resistance R20 two ends, bi-directional voltage stabilizing pipe D2 is connected in parallel on resistance R20 two ends after inductance.
Described power module is reaction type Switching Power Supply.
Described display module comprises liquid crystal display LCD and LED state indicator light.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Operating passing zero module 5 in the present invention feeds back a signal to control module 1 when needs switching capacitance after zero cross detection circuit detects voltage zero-cross.Control module sets certain time delay, ensures magnetic latching relay zero crossing adhesive afterwards or disconnection, and the constantly adhesive of Survey control magnetic latching relay and the time needed for disconnecting.By analytical calculation, constantly above-mentioned delay time is modified, to guarantee that switch turns on and off at zero crossing.Because after switch is closed, the electric current in major loop is just by magnetic latching relay, and line impedance is little especially, and therefore power consumption is low especially.Again because switch is voltage between main circuit and electric capacity when being zero conducting, can not there is electric arc in therefore no-flashy-flow in circuit, switch contact can not sinter.This active device of bidirectional triode thyristor simultaneously owing to not having existing combination switch to adopt in main line, therefore also transient state and harmonic wave can not be introduced to main circuit, and the controllable silicon that completely avoid in existing combination switch is responsive especially to voltage change ratio, not strong to the ability to bear of overcurrent, not easily turn off when current changing rate is very high, and to heat and rush of current very sensitive, once occur that impulse current or voltage exceed its feasible value, the defects such as its permanent damage will be made immediately.In addition, controllable silicon is expensive, and peripheral drive circuit is complicated, and its cost occupies very large proportion in existing combination switch manufactures and designs, and is saved greatly reduce production cost undoubtedly by the method for software control.
In the present invention, the drive circuit of the magnetic latching relay in operating passing zero module is redesigned, by the integrated chips such as 74HC04 and ULN2003 with the use of, effectively reduce the number of the surface of circuit board sum components and parts of design, reduce design cost, save a large amount of human resources in process of production.
Power module 7 in the present invention have employed the form of reaction type Switching Power Supply, solves existing combination switch and transports in adverse circumstances and run troublesome shortcoming.And easily the power panel of existing combination switch and control board can be integrated on one block of plate, greatly reduce deisgn product volume, eliminate heavy transformer, significantly reduce weight, reduce cost.And show that Electro Magnetic Compatibility is good by test, antijamming capability is strong, adaptable to input power, rated operational voltage wide ranges, voltage stability is high, and output voltage ripple is little.
Middle controller module of the present invention has possessed the function of controller, can expand when system increases to some extent to reactive compensation capacity demand.Expansion only has the product of operating passing zero module, with existing combination switch, must compare the flexibility also improving product use while reducing customer using cost by Configuration Control Unit.And the equipment that the present invention proposes can by each phase voltage value, current value, power factor, active power, reactive power, 13 subharmonic, each phase electric capacity operating state etc. in display module 8 in real time display electrical network.
The low-voltage intelligent synchro switch proposed in the present invention can also utilize communication module 6 to carry out combined network communication with other products in system, for subsequent use each other, and adopt the pattern of competition hosted to control, when the equipment of hosted breaks down, at once main frame is escalated into by other from machine, replace the responsibility of original main frame, online miscellaneous equipment can normally be worked.And there is the function that overvoltage, under voltage and power down protection data are not lost, but also can with the real-time communication of background monitoring software, substantially increase the reliability of system.
Solving existing combination switch uses bidirectional triode thyristor easily to bring harmonic wave to electrical network when carrying out operating passing zero, not strong to overcurrent ability to bear, not easily turn off when current changing rate is very high, and to heat and rush of current very sensitive, once occur that impulse current or voltage exceed its feasible value, the problems such as its permanent damage will be made immediately, simultaneously also in order to further reduce production cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the low-voltage intelligent synchro switch of a kind of execution mode provided by the invention.Wherein, 1-control module, 2-current detection module, 3-voltage detection module, 4-input module, 5-operating passing zero module, 6-communication module, 7-power module, 8-display module.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the operating passing zero module 5 of embodiment 1.Wherein, U1 and U2 is that two panels integrated chip is used for driving magnetic latching relay, and D1, R3 and U3 constitute zero cross detection circuit.
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of a submodule in communication module 6, and wherein RXD is that single-chip data receives pin, and TXD is that single-chip data sends pin, VCC and VCC1 is+5V, but the power supply that two-way is mutually isolated.
Fig. 4 is background monitoring software system structure design drawing.
Fig. 5 is low-voltage intelligent synchro switch overall operation flow chart.
Embodiment
Then the present invention is calculated by control module with the parameter such as electric current, voltage of current detection module and voltage detection module detection of grid low-pressure side, each phase current values, magnitude of voltage, power factor, active power, reactive power, 13 subharmonic etc. are shown by display module, realize man-machine interaction by input module and display module, and by operating passing zero module, reactive power compensation is carried out to electrical network.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be described, but they are not impose any restrictions the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of low-voltage intelligent synchro switch of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, mainly comprises: control module 1, current detection module 2, voltage detection module 3, input module 4, operating passing zero module 5, communication module 6, power module 7 and display module 8; Wherein control module 1 respectively with other seven model calling, power module 7 is also connected with display module 8 with operating passing zero module 5, communication module 6 respectively;
Described control module 1 mainly comprises single-chip microcomputer and peripheral circuit thereof, the different pin of single-chip microcomputer or the pin of expensive chip and all the other 7 model calling.Described peripheral circuit is known technology, comprises the outside expansion equipment composition such as the minimum system of single-chip microcomputer, JTAG program burn writing circuit.The single-chip microcomputer of the present embodiment is by the DSPIC30F5011 single-chip microcomputer of the Microchip company development & production of the U.S..
Described current detection module 2, for gathering the current signal of electrical network low-pressure side, specifically comprises the circuit such as current transformer, sampling resistor, filter circuit and operational amplification circuit; Wherein, the primary side of current transformer is serially connected in low pressure 380V mains-power circuit, and secondary side is in parallel with sampling resistor; Sampling resistor and filter circuit series connection, be connected to operational amplification circuit after filter circuit, the amplification again by operational amplification circuit after the current signal collected after filtering circuit filtering process is finally passed to the corresponding pin of single-chip microcomputer analog-to-digital conversion of control module 1 by (filter circuit and operational amplification circuit composition modulate circuit).
Described voltage detection module 3 is for gathering the voltage signal of electrical network low-pressure side, and its composition specifically comprises the circuit compositions such as divider resistance, the second sampling resistor, the second filter circuit, the second operational amplification circuit; Divider resistance one end is connected with low pressure 380V mains-power circuit, then the other end is connected in series with the second sampling resistor, the second filter circuit and the second operational amplification circuit more in turn, the high voltage of external circuit is become after dividing potential drop, filtering process small voltage signal and passes to the corresponding pin of single-chip microcomputer analog-to-digital conversion in control module 1 finally by the second operational amplification circuit.
Described input module 4 is keyboard, usually to be coordinated with display module 8 by control module 1 and realizes man-machine interaction, by the configuration parameter of user by key-press input control model, CT no-load voltage ratio.
As shown in Figure 2, its composition comprises described operating passing zero module 5: integrated chip U2, integrated chip U1, magnetic latching relay K0,4 resistance, inductance L 0, electric capacity C0, rectifier bridge D1 and photoelectrical coupler U3, annexation is: integrated chip U2 connects with integrated chip U1, the 10th of integrated chip U1, 12 pins are connected on the control coil two ends of magnetic latching relay K0 respectively, resistance R1 and resistance R2 is connected in parallel with the switch contact of magnetic latching relay K0 after connecting, the two ends of two resistance are connected on the two ends of magnetic latching relay K0 contact respectively, inductance L 0 is drawn from the intermediate node of resistance R1 and resistance R2, be connected on after electric capacity C0 is in parallel with rectifier bridge D1 between inductance L 0 and lead-out terminal E0, it is in parallel with two terminals of photoelectrical coupler U3 after rectifier bridge D1 connects with current-limiting resistance R3, be connected on after two other terminal series-shunt of resistance R4 and photoelectrical coupler between power supply VCC and ground GND.It carries out switching to capacitor or carries out break-make control to alternating current circuit after the signal receiving control module 1.Operating to of this module: form drive circuit of magnetic latching relay by integrated chip U1 (ULN2003) and integrated chip U2 (74HC04) etc., magnetic latching relay K0 is connected in major loop, the voltage at magnetic latching relay K0 two ends after resistance R1 and resistance R2 dividing potential drop again through inductance coil L0 and electric capacity C0 filtering, and then by sending voltage signal to photoelectrical coupler U3 after rectifier bridge D1 rectification, coordinate the zero crossing that voltage can be detected at the output of photoelectrical coupler U3 by the pin of the single-chip microcomputer of resistance R4 and control module 1.Control module 1 by pin P1.4, P1.5 respectively with the 9th of integrated chip U2,10 pins are connected and control operating passing zero module 5.
The composition of described communication module 6 comprises all identical and independently submodule separately of two 26S Proteasome Structure and Functions, is used for respectively and same category of device and background monitoring software communication.Each submodule (as shown in Figure 3), comprises the device compositions such as three photoelectrical coupler PC817, chip MAX485, transistor, resistance, inductance and voltage stabilizing didoe; As shown in Figure 3, one of the single-chip microcomputer in control module 1 controls pin and is connected with the 2nd pin of photoelectrical coupler U6 after resistance R17, and then the 3rd pin is connected with 2,3 pins of chip MAX485 through resistance R18, carrys out reception and the transmission of control information.2nd pin of photoelectrical coupler U4 is connected with the 1st pin RO of chip MAX485 after resistance R10, the data receiver pin RXD of the single-chip microcomputer in control module 1 is connected with the 3rd pin of photoelectrical coupler U4 after resistance R13, transistor Q1, and this partial circuit is used for receiving receipt.The data of the single-chip microcomputer in control module 1 send pin TXD and are connected with the 2nd pin of photoelectrical coupler U5 through resistance R22,3rd pin of photoelectrical coupler U5 is connected with the 4th pin DI of chip MAX485 after transistor Q2, and this partial circuit is used for sending data.Resistance R19, resistance R20, resistance R21 are connected between power supply VCC and ground GND, and the 6th of chip MAX485 the, the 7th pins in parallel is at resistance R20 two ends, bi-directional voltage stabilizing pipe D2 is connected in parallel on resistance R20 two ends after inductance, its center line 485_A and 485_B is respectively two holding wires when equipment and other equipment outside carry out communication, photoelectrical coupler PC817 is mainly used to Phototube Coupling, improves the antijamming capability of communication.Operating to of this module: control module 1 coordinates photoelectrical coupler PC817 to be connected with chip MAX485 by transistor and resistance, combined network communication is carried out again by other same categories of device in chip MAX485 and system or background devices, real-time transmission is the information such as operating state each other, for subsequent use each other each other thus realize system safety stable operation.
The communication module of the present invention's design have employed Modbus communications protocol, coupled daemon software is the software developed based on the Visual Basic6.0 Software Development Platform of Microsoft, as shown in Figure 4, those skilled in the art can realize according to its structure and content its structure chart.Communication control module primary responsibility and low-voltage intelligent synchro switch carry out communication, receive the data that low-voltage intelligent synchro switch sends over, and send data processing module to carry out processing and storing by receiving the data of coming.Input/output module is mainly used to user and system is carried out alternately, by screen display, information is exported, user can select " real time data " in the label shown to come all various charge values at low-voltage intelligent synchro switch place and the operating state of connected capacitor in display system, " curvilinear trend figure " in label is selected to show the trend trend of each electricity in the time range that client sets, " contrast block diagram " in label is selected to show the contrast of each charge value in each electric capacity place, also " remote control and regulation " in label can be selected to control the switching of each capacitor, this process sends instruction by input/output module to communication module to be then communicated to each low-voltage intelligent synchro switch via communication control module.
Described power module 7 have employed the form of reaction type Switching Power Supply, primarily of compositions such as electromagnetic compatibility filter circuit, prime protective circuit and rectifier circuit, passive clamping RCD circuit, high frequency transformer, control loop and output filter circuits; Electromagnetic compatibility filter circuit, prime protective circuit and rectifier circuit are connected in parallel on external power source two ends; passive clamping RCD circuit is connected in parallel between two outputs of rectifier bridge after connecting with high frequency transformer; control loop is connected between output and the feedback pin of power management chip; power module 7 is powered eventually through giving control module 1, operating passing zero module 5, communication module 6, display module 8 after output filter circuit, and this module can export 5V/12V two kinds of three-way powers.
Described display module 8 is used for the information such as on off operating mode of power factor, current value, magnitude of voltage, active power, reactive power, 13 subharmonic and each phase electric capacity in display system, and it is divided into again liquid crystal display LCD and LED state indicator light two parts.
The mode of connection that the low-voltage intelligent synchro switch that the present invention proposes carries out reactive power compensation in electrical network has three-phase total compensation and single-phase point to mend two kinds.According to shown in accompanying drawing 5, after the power-up, its operating procedure is as follows for low-voltage intelligent synchro switch:
(1) system carries out initialization.Initialized work mainly contains configuration control module 1 chips and related peripherals thereof etc.;
(2) read last storage data, from the extension storage chip of control module 1, read the last data stored;
(3) enter the homepage of liquid crystal display, make status indicator lamp work;
(4) data acquisition is carried out, by the current signal in current detection module 2 and voltage detection module 3 continuous collection electrical network and voltage signal;
(5) electrical network parameter calculates.Gather the signal come in control module 1 pair of previous step process and calculate each phase current values, magnitude of voltage, power factor, active power, reactive power, 13 subharmonic value etc. in electrical network;
(6) judged whether that button is pressed, entered step (7) if there is button to press, if not, returned step (3);
(7) by judging that button enters the display of various numerical value, setting, capacitance state display interface;
(8) judge it is manual or automatic.Have automatically and manual two kinds of operational modes the control of capacitor switching, user can be arranged in previous step.Manual mode is mainly used in the field adjustable of equipment, usually all works in automatic mode after normal work.If selected manually, then manual switching electric capacity, then returns step (3), if select automatically, to enter step (9);
(9) judge it is main frame or from machine.If under being operated in Host Status, enter step (10), if be operated in slave status just enter step (16).Same category of device can be operated in again main frame and from machine two states after mutual networking, random selected a certain the equipment of system is operated in Host Status, under miscellaneous equipment is then operated in slave status, when chosen main frame because of certain reason breaks down out of service after, Stochastic choice certain the equipment hosted again of networking in addition again, so just for subsequent use each other, improve the reliability of system cloud gray model.The switching to electric capacity is carried out in the control all accepting background monitoring software under being operated in main frame and slave status, and each phase voltage value at low-voltage intelligent synchro switch place place, current value, power factor, active power, reactive power, 13 subharmonic value are sent to background monitoring software.Real-time for these information can show by background monitoring software on screen, also can show according to the curvilinear motion figure of these numerical value above in the time needing user to be set of user, also the contrast block diagram of these values at different electric capacity place can be shown.Be conducive to the ruuning situation of control centre to electrical network like this to analyze and record, and remote control and regulation and troubleshooting can be carried out to low-voltage intelligent synchro switch as required;
(10) backstage switching signal has been checked whether.If the capacitor switching signal not having background monitoring to send over, so just entering step (11), otherwise carrying out capacitor switching with regard to directly entering step (17);
(11) detect whether have alarm signal, when the fault such as electric capacity generation overvoltage, under voltage that equipment connects, equipment can produce alarm signal.If have alarm signal so just to enter step (12), otherwise just enter step (13);
(12) excision capacitance signal is sent.When system has alarm signal, send the signal excising corresponding capacitor, then enter step (17);
(13) checked benefit or deficient benefit.When Everything is fine, main frame can detect place network and be in overcompensation state or undercompensation state, if be in overcompensation state, enters step (14), if be in undercompensation state, enters step (15);
(14) send the signal of excision one group capacitor, then enter step (17) and carry out capacitor switching;
(15) send the signal of input one group capacitor, then enter step (17) and carry out capacitor switching;
(16) switching signal has been checked whether.Be operated in the capacitor switching signal that low-voltage intelligent synchro switch under slave status will constantly detect from host or background monitoring software and sends, enter step (17) when there being signal to transmit and carry out capacitor switching, otherwise directly enter step (18);
(17) switching capacitance, enters step (18) after having carried out capacitor switching;
(18) send capacitor status and each information about power to backstage, then return step (3).Certainly, in line with the principle of switching cycle the process controlling all capacitor switchings from machine, make its operating time close as far as possible.And the switching process of capacitor has been come by operating passing zero module 5 by control module 1, thus achieves electric capacity operating passing zero, no-flashy-flow in circuit, and switch contact does not sinter, and ensure that the quality of power supply of electrical network.
In the design process by a large amount of tests, count the average motion time of the magnetic latching relay of used model, when carrying out switching first as operating passing zero unit, feed back the initial value of zero cross signal to the delay time sent needed for actual switching signal from zero cross detection circuit.In capacitor switching process, by measuring at every turn, being issued to actual switch switching from switching signal completes the time used, then by control module constantly revise from zero cross detection circuit feed back zero cross signal to the delay time sent needed for actual switching signal, to ensure can really to accomplish in actual use that magnetic latching relay carries out switching at expection zero crossing place.Thus the operating passing zero achieved electric capacity.
Because the frequency of linear power supply is originally that 50Hz is lower, therefore volume of transformer is larger, heavier, thus makes the volume of product large, often occurs making because of jolting the problems such as the wiring board fracture of product in transportation.Therefore devising specially in the present invention can the Switching Power Supply of reliable and stable work in combination switch operational environment, transformer is redesigned, utilize power management chip that the frequency of power supply is brought up to 65KHz, reduce the volume (volume and weight only has 20 ~ 30% of linear power supply) of transformer, also just greatly reduce the volume and weight of whole equipment.In addition compared with linear power supply, the efficiency of Switching Power Supply also substantially increases, and has brought up to 60 ~ 70% from 30 ~ 40% of linear power supply, and the antijamming capability of himself is stronger.
In order to reduce the design volume of product further, make it more integrated, under the prerequisite meeting EMC Requirements, the present invention devises the drive circuit of magnetic latching relay.As shown in Figure 2, U1 (ULN2003) and U2 (74HC04) and other components and parts are adopted to carry out cooperation to drive magnetic latching relay.
Voltage detection module 2 and current detection module 3 is utilized to measure voltage and current in electrical network in the present invention, and through control module a series of computings and demonstrate the voltage of electrical network, electric current, power factor, active power, reactive power and 13 subharmonic in real time, and control the reactive power compensation that operating passing zero module realizes electrical network, thus do not need connection control device again.Simultaneously in order to flexible adaptation various low capacity reactive power compensation demand, be also provided with " one drag two " expanded function, namely a present device can also expand the low-voltage intelligent synchro switch that two only have operating passing zero module.Present device has all reserved expansion interface in development process, is connected with expansion equipment by control signal wire.After connecting, the simplification low-voltage intelligent synchro switch of operating passing zero module that only has of expansion only need according to the requirement of compensation way and one piece, capacitor access electrical network, and wiring is simple and convenient.
In order to improve the reliability of system, be convenient to manage each equipment of system.The present invention have also been devised communication module.Can real-time communication between each equipment and between each equipment and system background, running status and the electrical network parameter at each equipment place is shown in system background.Simultaneously on control strategy, have employed the mechanism of each equipment competition hosted, if run at the synchronous combination switch of a certain applied field all multiple stage low-voltage intelligent simultaneously, will when starting at random selected a certain as main frame, other equipment are as from machine.From machine by host computer control, after selected main frame breaks down, other is arbitrary converts main frame at random automatically from machine, for subsequent use each other each other, thus substantially increases the stability of system.
Described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making other embodiments obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The results showed that the model machine of this device can pass through EMC test: the immunity experiment of static discharge, harsh grade is 4 grades; Surge (impact) immunity experiment: harsh grade is 4 grades; Clusters interference test, harsh grade is 4 grades.This result shows that the equipment that the present invention designs is showing through long operation test, and each show value of this equipment conforms to completely with testing stand master meter, can failure-free operation steady in a long-term.
Table 1 pilot project and experimental condition
In order to verify the various performances of power module after reducing costs that the present invention proposes, do the every test described in table 1.Carry out visual inspection to equipment after off-test, its non-corroding, crackle equivalent damage, electric component is without obvious displacement or come off, functional parameter test compound standard relevant regulations in experimentation.
In order to verify that the zero crossing switching to capacitor accomplished really by low-voltage intelligent synchro switch that the present invention proposes, do test of shoving, measure in process of the test and shove value about 1.2 times of load current values, spark is not had in switching process, do not play electric arc, contact, without obvious damage, reaches Expected Results.
Unaccomplished matter of the present invention is known technology.
Claims (4)
1. a low-voltage intelligent synchro switch, the composition that it is characterized by this switch comprises control module, current detection module, voltage detection module, input module, operating passing zero module, communication module, power module and display module; Wherein, control module respectively with other seven model calling, power module is also connected with display module with operating passing zero module, communication module respectively;
Described control module comprises single-chip microcomputer;
The composition of described input module comprises keyboard;
The composition of described operating passing zero module comprises: integrated chip U2, integrated chip U1, magnetic latching relay K0,4 resistance, inductance L 0, electric capacity C0, rectifier bridge D1 and photoelectrical coupler U3, wherein, integrated chip U2 connects with integrated chip U1, the 10th of integrated chip U1, 12 pins are connected on the control coil two ends of magnetic latching relay K0 respectively, resistance R1 and resistance R2 is connected in parallel with the switch contact of magnetic latching relay K0 after connecting, the two ends of two resistance are connected on the two ends of magnetic latching relay K0 contact respectively, inductance L 0 is drawn from the intermediate node of resistance R1 and resistance R2, be connected on after electric capacity C0 is in parallel with rectifier bridge D1 between inductance L 0 and lead-out terminal E0, be connected with two terminals of photoelectrical coupler U3 after rectifier bridge D1 connects with current-limiting resistance R3, be connected between power supply VCC and ground GND after two other terminal series-shunt of resistance R4 and photoelectrical coupler,
Described power module is reaction type Switching Power Supply;
Described display module comprises liquid crystal display LCD and LED state indicator light.
2. low-voltage intelligent synchro switch as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by described current detection module and comprises current transformer, sampling resistor, filter circuit and operational amplification circuit; Wherein, the primary side of current transformer is serially connected in low pressure 380V mains-power circuit, and secondary side is in parallel with sampling resistor; Sampling resistor and filter circuit series connection, be connected to operational amplification circuit after filter circuit, operational amplification circuit is connected with control module.
3. low-voltage intelligent synchro switch as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by described voltage detection module and comprises divider resistance, the second sampling resistor, the second filter circuit and the second operational amplification circuit; Divider resistance one end is connected with low pressure 380V mains-power circuit, and then the other end is connected in series with the second sampling resistor, the second filter circuit and the second operational amplification circuit more in turn, and the second operational amplification circuit is connected with control module.
4. low-voltage intelligent synchro switch as claimed in claim 1, the composition that it is characterized by described communication module comprises the identical and independently submodule separately of two structures; Each submodule comprises again three photoelectrical couplers, chip MAX485, transistor, resistance, inductance and voltage stabilizing didoe; Wherein, one of the single-chip microcomputer in control module controls pin and is connected with the 2nd pin of photoelectrical coupler U6 after resistance R17, and then the 3rd pin is connected with 2,3 pins of chip MAX485 through resistance R18; 2nd pin of photoelectrical coupler U4 is connected with the 1st pin RO of chip MAX485 after resistance R10, and the data receiver pin RXD of the single-chip microcomputer in control module 1 is connected with the 3rd pin of photoelectrical coupler U4 after resistance R13, transistor Q1; The data of the single-chip microcomputer in control module 1 send pin TXD and are connected with the 2nd pin of photoelectrical coupler U5 through resistance R22, and the 3rd pin of photoelectrical coupler U5 is connected with the 4th pin DI of chip MAX485 after transistor Q2; Resistance R19, resistance R20, resistance R21 are connected between power supply VCC and ground GND, and the 6th, the 7th pins in parallel of chip MAX485 is at resistance R20 two ends, and bi-directional voltage stabilizing pipe D2 is connected in parallel on resistance R20 two ends after inductance.
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| CN201510165532.5A CN104836239B (en) | 2015-04-09 | 2015-04-09 | Low-voltage intelligent synchro switch |
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| CN201510165532.5A CN104836239B (en) | 2015-04-09 | 2015-04-09 | Low-voltage intelligent synchro switch |
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| CN104836239B CN104836239B (en) | 2016-10-26 |
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| CN104836239B (en) | 2016-10-26 |
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