CN104834812B - A kind of ethylene cracking material characteristic analysis method based on state-space model - Google Patents
A kind of ethylene cracking material characteristic analysis method based on state-space model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ethylene cracking material characteristic analysis method based on state-space model, including：(1) each composition inside cracking stock is defined as a state, so as to form the linear state-space of a multidimensional, cracking stock can be described with some vector in the space, and the content of each component is coordinate of the component in this state space in cracking stock；(2) basic oil product group is one group of Linear independent vectors in cracking stock state space, they constitute the sub-spaces in the linear state-space.The all basic oil product group of any type cracking stock mixes according to a certain percentage.The method that basic oil product group and mixed coefficint can carry out Non-negative Matrix Factorization by the detailed component data of a large amount of cracking stock samples to collecting offline obtains.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ethylene cracking material characteristic analysis method based on state-space model.
Background technology
Cracking of ethylene furnace apparatus is the tap of petrochemical industry, and ethane cracking furnace is the core of whole ethylene unit,
It is the decision link of ethylene unit economic benefit.In pyrolysis furnace, cracking stock (gas phase or liquid phase) is after overflash in stove
It is further heated in pipe to high temperature so that cracking reaction occur --- macromolecule cracking petroleum hydrocarbon is into low molecule alkane, alkene etc.
Pyrolysis product.Cleavage reaction product is sent into the subsequent cells such as dry, compression, separation after over-quenching and obtains high-purity ethylene and third
The high value added product such as alkene, hydrogen, butadiene and triphen, drippolene.The degree that cracking reaction carries out determines pyrolysis furnace
Yield of cracked product, it is with raw material composition, coil outlet temperature (COT), residence time, coil outlet pressure (COP), hydrocarbons gasoline ratio
(SHR) etc. technological parameter is related.
Cracking stock composition is to influence one of most important factor of ethane cracking furnace pyrolysis product distribution, is given birth in industrial ethylene
The inside for usually requiring to understand cracking stock during production forms distribution situation.Common ethylene cracking material have ethane, propane,
LPG, naphtha, diesel oil (AGO) or hydrogenation tail oil (HVGO).With the increase of amount of carbon atom in cracking stock, in raw material
Comprising hydrocarbon components species and its mixing situation also more sophisticated.According to the difference of molecular structure, cracking of ethylene
Composition can be divided into four big nations, i.e. paraffinic (P), olefinic (O), cycloalkanes hydrocarbon system (N) and aromatic hydrocarbons race (A) inside raw material, wherein
Alkane is divided into n-alkane (nP) and isoparaffin (iP) again.Formed to measure the race of cracking stock, at present most domestic
Ethylene production enterprise rely primarily on manually periodically raw material is sampled and laboratory chromatographic analysis.On-line NIR is analyzed
It is the real-time analytical technology of the industry spot to grow up in recent years, its operation principle is collected first largely in composition and property
The upper representative sample of matter distribution, and measure its near infrared spectrum and its component or property number are measured using conventional method
According to, then spectrum and physical property or component are associated using multivariate calibration methods such as Partial Least Squares Regression, establish physics spy
Functional relation (reference model) between property and chemical characteristic.Practical application shows that near-infrared analysis can be surveyed accurately
Race's composition (PIONA values) of the steamcracker feed such as naphtha is obtained, but can not further obtain the detailed distribution of each race's composition.This
Outside, near-infrared analyzer is also very undesirable for the measurement result of the heavy cracking stock such as hydrogenation tail oil, in addition near-infrared point
Analyzer itself is expensive, these factors all significantly limit near-infrared analyzer answering in cracking of ethylene production process
With.
In view of physical measurement cracking stock composition there are many technology restrictions, a kind of solution be application mode identification and
The methods of cluster analysis, classifies cracking stock and establishes corresponding cracking stock property database.East China University of Science adopts
By the use of n-alkane and isoparaffin sum of the two and the ratio of the two as characteristic variable, a kind of be based on adaptively preferably is proposed
The naphtha hierarchical cluster attribute method (patent No. of fuzzy kernel clustering：CN201310168373.5).This method is special by finding two dimension
Tens of kinds of naphthas are divided into six classes by the cluster centre point for levying variable, and are made with the corresponding naphtha sample attribute of cluster centre point
For the Representative properties of such naphtha.Obvious this sorting technique artificially have ignored substantial amounts of cracking stock composition information, its
As a result it is necessarily very rough, very big model error can be brought in practical applications.
Literature search the result shows that, there is presently no one kind can system and imperfectly cracking stock characteristic analysis method and
Its application example.Therefore, before making full use of cracking stock to form information in detail to ensure cracking stock characteristic model precision
Put, develop a kind of simple and practical, explicit physical meaning cracking stock specificity analysis modeling method, this is for industrial ethylene
Cracking furnace installation Effec-tive Function has important theory directive significance and huge engineering application value.
The content of the invention
In view of the foregoing, it is an object to it is special to propose a kind of ethylene cracking material based on state-space model
Property analyzing novel methods, this method propose each composition inside cracking stock being defined as a state first, these states
Constitute a linear state-space.Then any type cracking stock can use a vector description in the state space,
And it can be mixed to get according to a certain percentage with the substrate (basic oil product group) in this state space.And base oil
Then product group can be obtained by the detailed composition data of the substantial amounts of cracking stock of collected offline using nonnegative matrix analysis method.
Since this method is not related to the on-line measurement problem that cracking stock forms in detail in actual application, it is online to reduce raw material
Analyze hardware device investment.In addition, this method is for all kinds of complicated oil hydrocarbon mixtures such as LPG, naphtha and hydrogenation tail oil
It is all suitable for, therefore there is extensive prospects for commercial application.
The design of the present invention is divided into cracking stock state space description and establishes content of both benchmark oil product group：1. split
Solve the state space description of raw material：Each composition inside cracking stock is defined as a state, these states constitute
The linear state-space of one multidimensional.The content that cracking stock respectively forms is coordinate of the composition in this state space,
And any type cracking stock is all a substrate (basic oil product group) in this cracking stock state space according to certain ratio
What example mixed；2. the foundation of benchmark oil product group：Basic oil product group is one group of linear independence in cracking stock state space
Vector Groups, they constitute the sub-spaces in the linear space.The detailed composition of a large amount of cracking stock samples is gathered offline
Data, then find the unrelated Vector Groups of a maximum linear and its coefficient matrix in these samples by matrix disassembling method,
Its physical significance is exactly that basic oil product group can obtain cracking stock sample according to the mixed coefficint mixing in coefficient matrix.
Concrete technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of ethylene cracking material characteristic analysis method based on state-space model, includes the following steps
(1) cracking stock state space description A1 and benchmark oil product group A2 are established；
(2) S=LR is solved using non-negative matrix factorization method, obtains matrix L and R；S represents that cracking stock sample is detailed
The data matrix that thin PIONA values are formed, L represent the composition of benchmark oil product group A2, and R represents mixing coefficient matrix；
(3) the detailed composition data of the ethylene cracking material sample and the benchmark oil product group A2 are pressed into the mixed stocker
Corresponding coefficient mixing in matrix number, obtains the detailed composition distributed data of the ethylene cracking material sample；
Wherein, the cracking stock state space description A1, is established by following steps：
Ethylene cracking material is mainly mixed by various hydrocarbons, without loss of generality, is carried out by taking naphtha as an example
Explanation.Naphtha is usually mixed by each hydrocarbon from carbon three to carbon 12.According to race form distribution mode and
Ignore the difference between isomers, these compositions can be denoted as respectively：N-alkane, isoparaffin, alkene, cycloalkane and virtue
Hydrocarbon；These compositions are defined as different state vectors, form one group of orthonormal basis；The state vector is turned into one 50 dimension
Feed states space, be denoted as F={ nPi, iPi, Oi, Ni, Ai| i=3~12 }；Any one naphtha NAPkIt is expressed as substrate
{nPi, iPi, Oi, Ni, Ai| i=3~12 } linear combination, that is, have
Formula (1) vector form is as follows：
Above-mentioned variable implication is as follows：
nPi--- include the n-alkane component of i carbon atom；
iPi--- include the isoparaffin component of i carbon atom；
Oi--- include the olefinic component of i carbon atom；
Ni--- include the cycloalkane component of i carbon atom；
Ai--- include the aromatic fractions of i carbon atom；
NAPk--- k-th of feed naphtha sample；
F --- cracking stock state space；
--- the degree of the n-alkane component comprising i carbon atom in k-th of feed naphtha sample；
--- the degree of the isoparaffin component comprising i carbon atom in k-th of feed naphtha sample；
--- the degree of the olefinic component comprising i carbon atom in k-th of feed naphtha sample；
--- the degree of the cycloalkane component comprising i carbon atom in k-th of feed naphtha sample；
--- the degree of the aromatic fractions comprising i carbon atom in k-th of feed naphtha sample.
Contain m kind naphthas, the coordinate vector of the m kinds naphtha in the benchmark oil product group
It is orthogonal, k=1,2 ..., m；The m kinds naphtha forms a m n-dimensional subspace n in feed states space, be expressed as with
Lower matrix form：
If m=50, subspace M is feed states space F, any one naphtha is all this m kind naphtha at this time
A linear combination, the m kinds naphtha formation base oil product.Since constituent species are various in naphtha, to find whole
Basic oil product sample is hardly possible.But in practical applications it can be found that the source of naphtha used in each ethylene cracker
It is relatively fixed, that is to say, that the naphtha sample range for being suitable as ethylene cracking material is certain.Therefore it may only be necessary to
Whole feed states space is replaced with the less cracking stock subspace of a dimension；M represents that cracking stock state subgroup is empty
Between.
The benchmark oil product group A2 is established by following steps：
N number of naphtha sample, N ＞ ＞ m, the N number of naphtha obtained by assay are collected from industry spot
The detailed composition data of sample forms a sample set, is denoted as
The unrelated Vector Groups of maximum linear are found from formula (4)(it is former that these vectors constitute cracking
One group of substrate of material state l n-dimensional subspace ns), and remaining N-l vector represents have with this l SYSTEM OF LINEAR VECTOR
A kind of natural thinking is that equation (6) is solved using SVD decomposition or Orthogonal Decomposition to obtain matrix L and R.
However, SVD is decomposed and the obtained matrix L of Orthogonal Decomposition and R generally comprise negative, i.e. the proportionality coefficient of benchmark oil product be it is negative, this
It is clearly not meet engineering reality.Therefore, it is necessary to take following Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method to solve, i.e., it is knownSolveWithSo that minL, R||S-L·R||F, and
The implication of above-mentioned variable is as follows：
S --- the data matrix that the detailed PIONA data of cracking stock sample are formed；
--- j-th of basic detailed PIONA values vector of oil product；
L --- the matrix that the basic detailed PIONA values of oil product are formed；
R --- hybrid matrix of the cracking stock sample on basic oil product；
--- 50*N dimension nonnegative real numbers space；
||·||F--- the Frobenius norms of matrix.
The cracking stock state space description is only related with the detailed composition number of raw material, unrelated with type of feed；Cause
This, the naphtha in the above method can be replaced the characteristic description of LPG or hydrogenation tail oil, simply as raw material forms complexity
Increase, the calculation amount and difficulty for solving basic oil product can be significantly increased.
Compared with existing ethylene cracking material hierarchical cluster attribute analysis method, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1st, each composition inside cracking stock is defined as a state first, then whole cracking stock is characterized
For the linear state-space of a multidimensional, the content that cracking stock respectively forms is seat of the composition in this state space
Mark；
2nd, any type cracking stock is all that the substrate (basic oil product group) in this cracking stock state space is pressed
Mixed according to certain proportion；
3rd, matrix L and the mixing coefficient matrix R that basic oil product group is formed are obtained using NMF methods.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the detailed composition distribution situation figure for 54 kinds of naphtha samples that different times gather offline；
Fig. 2 is the detailed composition distribution map of 21 basic oil products；
Fig. 3 is that coefficient is mixed in detail in proportion with basic oil product group for the detailed composition data of the 26th naphtha sample
Composition data contrasts；
Fig. 4 is that coefficient is mixed in detail in proportion with basic oil product group for the detailed composition data of the 37th naphtha sample
Composition data contrasts；
Fig. 5 is basic oil product group according to the mixed distribution situation of composition in detail of mixing coefficient matrix.
Embodiment
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment.It is necessarily pointed out that following embodiments are served only for
The invention will be further described, it is impossible to is interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, professional and technical personnel in the field's root
Some the nonessential modifications and adaptations made according to present disclosure, still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
To verify the validity of ethylene cracking material characteristic analysis method proposed by the present invention, implement this by following steps
Invention：
Step 1：54 kinds of naphtha samples are acquired offline in different times, these have been obtained by laboratory off-line analysis
The detailed PIONA values (being shown in Table 1) of naphtha sample, its three-dimensional distribution situation is as shown in Figure 1；
Step 2：Respectively according to the n-alkane of different carbon numbers, isoparaffin, cycloalkane, aromatic hydrocarbons, alkene order
Composition in detail is numbered and (35 kinds of components is shared in this example), structure matrix S.；
Step：3：The basic oil product number of setting, (L and R are initialized to basic oil product matrix L and mixing coefficient matrix R
In element randomly select)；
Step 4：L and R is calculated according to inferior property rule of iteration
Step 5：Calculate | | S-LR | |F.If the number or iterations less than some very little are more than some value, terminate
Iteration.
In this example, 21 basic oil products are obtained by above step (its detailed PIONA is shown in Table 2, its distributed in three dimensions feelings
Condition is as shown in Figure 2) and their mixing coefficient matrix (being shown in Table 3).
Fig. 3~Fig. 4 gives detailed composition data for two kinds of naphtha samples and basic oil product group coefficient in proportion
The mixed contrast of composition data in detail, Fig. 5 are basic oil product group according to the mixed distribution of composition in detail of mixing coefficient matrix
Situation.Curve can see from figure, and it is former that the present invention can depict all cracking exactly using less basic oil product group
Expect the characteristic of sample.
The foregoing is merely illustrative, rather than it is restricted person.Any spirit and scope without departing from the present invention, and to it
The equivalent modifications of progress or change, are intended to be limited solely by rear attached claim.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of ethylene cracking material characteristic analysis method based on state-space model, it is characterised in that include the following steps
(1) cracking stock state space description A1 and benchmark oil product group A2 are established；
(2) S=LR is solved using non-negative matrix factorization method, obtains matrix L and R；S represents that cracking stock sample is detailed
The data matrix that PIONA values are formed, L represent the composition of benchmark oil product group A2, and R represents mixing coefficient matrix；
(3) the detailed composition data of the ethylene cracking material sample and the benchmark oil product group A2 are pressed into the mixed coefficint square
Corresponding coefficient mixing in battle array, obtains the detailed composition distributed data of the ethylene cracking material sample；
Wherein, the cracking stock state space description A1, is established by following steps：
The composition of ethylene cracking material is denoted as respectively：N-alkane, isoparaffin, alkene, cycloalkane and aromatic hydrocarbons；By these groups
Into different state vectors is defined as, one group of orthonormal basis is formed；The state vector is turned into the feed states of one 50 dimension
Space, is denoted as F={ nPi, iPi, Oi, Ni, Ai| i=3~12 }；Any one naphtha NAPkIt is expressed as substrate { nPi, iPi, Oi,
Ni, Ai| i=3~12 } linear combination, that is, have
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Above-mentioned variable implication is as follows：
nPi--- include the n-alkane component of i carbon atom；
iPi--- include the isoparaffin component of i carbon atom；
Oi--- include the olefinic component of i carbon atom；
Ni--- include the cycloalkane component of i carbon atom；
Ai--- include the aromatic fractions of i carbon atom；
NAPk--- k-th of feed naphtha sample；
F --- cracking stock state space；
--- the degree of the n-alkane component comprising i carbon atom in k-th of feed naphtha sample；
--- the degree of the isoparaffin component comprising i carbon atom in k-th of feed naphtha sample；
--- the degree of the olefinic component comprising i carbon atom in k-th of feed naphtha sample；
--- the degree of the cycloalkane component comprising i carbon atom in k-th of feed naphtha sample；
--- the degree of the aromatic fractions comprising i carbon atom in k-th of feed naphtha sample；The reference oil
Contain m kind naphthas, the coordinate vector of the m kinds naphtha in product group A2It is orthogonal, k=1,
2 ..., m；The m kinds naphtha forms a m n-dimensional subspace n in feed states space, is expressed as following matrix form：
If m=50, subspace M is feed states space F, any one naphtha is all the one of this m kind naphtha at this time
A linear combination, the m kinds naphtha formation base oil product；
M represents cracking stock subspace method.
2. ethylene cracking material characteristic analysis method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the benchmark oil product group A2
Established by following steps：
N number of naphtha sample, N ＞ ＞ m, the N number of naphtha sample obtained by assay are collected from industry spot
Detailed composition data form a sample set, be denoted as
The unrelated Vector Groups of maximum linear are found from formula (4)And remaining N-l vector with this l it is a to
Linear expression is measured, that is, is had
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Solved using non-negative matrix factorization method, i.e., it is knownSolveWithSo that minL, R||S-
L·R||F, and
The implication of above-mentioned variable is as follows：
S --- the data matrix that the detailed PIONA data of cracking stock sample are formed；
--- j-th of basic detailed PIONA values vector of oil product；
L --- the matrix that the basic detailed PIONA values of oil product are formed；
R --- hybrid matrix of the cracking stock sample on basic oil product；
--- 50*N dimension nonnegative real numbers space；
||·||F--- the Frobenius norms of matrix.
3. according to any ethylene cracking material characteristic analysis method of claim 1~2, it is characterised in that the cracking
Feed states spatial description is only related with the detailed composition number of raw material, unrelated with type of feed；Naphtha in this method can
Replace with the characteristic description of LPG or hydrogenation tail oil.
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