CN104834791B - A kind of parallel real-time emulation method of photovoltaic generating system - Google Patents
A kind of parallel real-time emulation method of photovoltaic generating system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of parallel real-time emulation methods of photovoltaic generating system, the power electronics part of photovoltaic generating system is generally all grid-connected by the filter containing inductance and capacitance, utilize this topological feature, and the principle that inductive current and capacitance voltage will not be mutated within the time of tens microseconds, photovoltaic generating system is divided as boundary using filter inductance and filter capacity, devise the interface mode of controlled voltage source and controlled current source, simulation of power electronic part and AC network emulation part are established respectively, simulation of power electronic part is carried out to the real-time simulation of a few microsecond step-lengths on FPGA, AC network emulation part is placed on to the real-time simulation that tens microsecond step-lengths are carried out on CPU.Compared with prior art, the present invention establishes simulation of power electronic part and AC network emulation part respectively, and the electrical characteristic of the topological structure and element that take full advantage of system realizes System Partition, and can two emulation parts be realized with the associative simulation of different step-lengths.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Simulating technique in Electric Power System fields, more particularly, to a kind of the parallel imitative in real time of photovoltaic generating system
True method.
Background technology
Concern for people to environmental protection and sustainable development, solar energy as a kind of cleaning, inexhaustible use it
The inexhaustible energy receives more and more attention.Photovoltaic generation is a kind of principal mode of solar power generation, photovoltaic generation system
Photovoltaic cell, Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit (DC-DC conversion circuit, DC-AC inverter circuits), LC filtering are all contained as unified
Device, the parts such as AC network.The work of photovoltaic generating system is dependent on controller to DC-DC conversion circuit, DC-AC inverter circuits
Etc. Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit the normal operations function such as accurately control to realize maximum power tracing, generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems；While with
More and more photovoltaic access power grids, photovoltaic generating system is also required to ensure the safe and stable operation of power grid, therefore light
The function of being often also required to realize the reply electric network faults such as low voltage crossing, isolated island detection is wished in the control of photovoltaic generating system.
In order to ensure the function of photovoltaic controller, no matter in research and development and or in the stage of volume production it is required for making controller
Many tests.Traditional test mode is by controller directly by being tested on prototype system, even if being by one
A little low power micro prototype systems are tested, and that there is also experimental cost is high, relatively hazardous (especially electric network fault experiment), is difficult to
Realize the challenges such as test automation.Real-time simulator is to simulate reality using mathematical model on a real-time hardware platform
The device of system action can carry out control device very close truth by real-time simulator come test controller
Test and validation.This mode has many advantages, such as safety, test automation easy to implement.
The challenge of the real-time simulation test of electric system containing photovoltaic is power electronic circuit due to there is high-speed switch
Device, generally requiring the simulation step length of several Microsecond grades could accurately emulate.Industrial quarters substantially utilizes FPGA (Field at present
Programmable Gate Array, you can programming gate array) hardware concurrent come realize step-length small in this way it is real-time imitate
Very.But program more complex on FPGA, the resources such as multiplier are also limited, such as by its in AC network real-time simulation difficulty compared with
Greatly.AC network generally only needs the big step-length of tens microseconds that can accurately emulate, and the big step-length of the AC network based on CPU is imitated in real time
True technology is more mature.If ideal, preferably can then it be divided with the segmentation of real-time electric power electronic section and AC network part
It Li Yong not FPGA and CPU parallel artificials.
Classical theory for dividing electrical system has Thevenin's theorem and Nortons theorem, these theoretical applications are limited
System, they are generally only applicable to linear circuit.But photovoltaic generating system cannot generally meet this limitation, such as power electronics
Partial electronic power switch, breaker of AC network part etc. is all non-linear element.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a kind of photovoltaic generating systems
Parallel real-time emulation method, using inverter LC filters divide photovoltaic generating system, by power electronics part in FPGA
AC network part, is carried out the emulation of tens microsecond step-lengths by the upper emulation for carrying out a few microsecond step-lengths on CPU, to realize connection
Close emulation.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of parallel real-time emulation method of photovoltaic generating system, including step：
1) according to the framework of photovoltaic generating system, simulation of power electronic part and AC network emulation part are established respectively；
2) the small step-length emulation that a few microsecond step-lengths are carried out in simulation of power electronic part, emulates part in AC network and carries out
The big step-length of tens microsecond step-lengths emulates, to carry out the associative simulation of two emulation parts.
The step 1) specifically includes step：
101) photovoltaic generating system is divided into electric power using photovoltaic generating system median filter inductance and filter capacity
Electronic sub-system and AC network subsystem；
102) AC network subsystem is equivalent to controlled voltage source, and electric power electricity is connected and composed with power electronics subsystem
Son emulation part；
103) power electronics subsystem is equivalent to controlled current source, and alternating current is connected and composed with AC network subsystem
Network simulation part.
The step 101) is specially：It is sent out as bound pair photovoltaic using photovoltaic generating system median filter inductance and filter capacity
Electric system is split, using filter inductance side as power electronics subsystem, using filter capacity side as alternating current
Net system.
The simulation of power electronic part is established on FPGA, and AC network emulation part is established on CPU.
The photovoltaic generating system includes photovoltaic cell, which passes sequentially through power electronic circuit, filter electricity
Sense and filter capacity are connect with AC network, and the photovoltaic cell is equivalent to controlled current flow in simulation of power electronic part
Source, and the model running of photovoltaic cell is on CPU.
The simulation of power electronic part and AC network emulation part use same clock source.
The clock source is the high-frequency clock on FPGA.
In the step 2), the step-length of big step-length emulation is the integral multiple of small step-length simulation step length.
The initial time of each emulation cycle of the big step-length emulation, two emulation part switched capacitor voltages, photovoltaics
Inductive current after electric current and sliding average and photovoltaic terminal voltage.
The length of window of the sliding average is the step-length of big step-length emulation.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
1) according to the framework of photovoltaic generating system, simulation of power electronic part and AC network emulation part are established respectively,
The electrical characteristic of the topological structure and element that take full advantage of system realizes System Partition, can be realized not to two emulation parts
With the associative simulation of step-length.
2) AC network subsystem is equivalent to controlled voltage source in power electronics subsystem, and interface, which is utilized, electricity
Hold, and the characteristic that capacitance voltage will not be mutated in such a short time window of tens microseconds；Power electronics subsystem is being handed over
It is replaced with controlled current source in galvanic electricity net system, interface, which is utilized, inductance, and inductive current is in tens microseconds such one
The characteristic that will not be mutated in a short time window, cutting procedure based on after gird-connected inverter filter realize, especially by
For power electronics and AC network selection, respectively suitable computing platform and simulation step length in real time, reduction photovoltaic generating system are real-time
The Realization of Simulation difficulty.
3) simulation of power electronic part is established on FPGA, and AC network emulation part is established on CPU, may be implemented pair
Small step-length in simulation of power electronic part emulates, and realizes that big step-length emulates to AC network emulation part.
4) simulation of power electronic part and AC network emulation part use same clock source, it is ensured that two emulation parts
Temporal synchronization.
5) clock source is that smaller time segmentation then may be implemented in the high-frequency clock on FPGA, improves simulated effect.
6) step-length of big step-length emulation is the integral multiple of small step-length simulation step length, and number is exchanged convenient for two parallel artificial parts
According to.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the parallel Real Time Simulation Frame of photovoltaic generating system proposed by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that simulation of power electronic part and the simulation cycles of AC network emulation part are determined by same clock in the present invention
When ensure synchronous schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the topological diagram of the bipolar photovoltaic generating system of embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that the simulation of power electronic part of embodiment of the present invention specifically models block diagram；
Fig. 5 is the specific modeling block diagram in AC network emulation part of embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the simulation result oscillogram of embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The present embodiment is with technical solution of the present invention
Premised on implemented, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
Following embodiments.
A kind of parallel real-time emulation method of photovoltaic generating system, simulation frame is as shown in Figure 1, include step：
1) according to the framework of photovoltaic generating system, simulation of power electronic part and AC network emulation part are established respectively,
Specifically include step：
101) photovoltaic generating system is divided into electric power using photovoltaic generating system median filter inductance and filter capacity
Electronic sub-system and AC network subsystem, specially：Using photovoltaic generating system median filter inductance and filter capacity as boundary
Photovoltaic generating system is split, using filter inductance side as power electronics subsystem, filter capacity side is made
For AC network subsystem；
102) AC network subsystem is equivalent to controlled voltage source, and electric power electricity is connected and composed with power electronics subsystem
Son emulation part, interface, which is utilized, capacitance, and capacitance voltage will not dash forward in such a short time window of tens microseconds
The characteristic of change；
103) power electronics subsystem is equivalent to controlled current source, and alternating current is connected and composed with AC network subsystem
Network simulation part, interface, which is utilized, inductance, and inductive current will not dash forward in such a short time window of tens microseconds
The characteristic of change.
By the equivalent process of step 102) and step 103), the current values of controlled current source are electric by the inductance of filter
The voltage value of flow control, controlled voltage source is controlled by the capacitance voltage of filter.Such a voltage source and current source connect
The electrical link of the power electronics part of photovoltaic generating system and AC network part is switched to interact by value transmission by mouth,
The modeling for completing simulation model particularly points out, simulation of power electronic part and friendship to realize fractionation and the parallel artificial of system
Galvanic electricity network simulation part is essentially simulation of power electronic model and AC network simulation model, passes through switched capacitor between them
The information realizations parallel artificial such as inductive current after voltage and sliding average, in the present embodiment, simulation of power electronic model and
Simulation of power electronic part and AC network simulation model and AC network emulation part all should be understood that same contain
Justice.
2) parallel artificial：The small step-length emulation of a few microsecond step-lengths is carried out in simulation of power electronic model, it is imitative in AC network
True mode carries out the big step-length emulation of tens microsecond step-lengths, to carry out the associative simulation of two simulation models, wherein power electronics
Building of Simulation Model is on FPGA, and AC network Building of Simulation Model is on CPU.
Photovoltaic generating system includes photovoltaic cell, the photovoltaic cell pass sequentially through power electronic circuit, filter inductance and
Filter capacity is connect with AC network, and controlled current source is equivalent in simulation of power electronic model, photovoltaic cell sheet
Model (relationship of photovoltaic terminal voltage and photovoltaic output current) real time execution of body is in CPU part, photovoltaic cell and power electronics
Circuit collectively forms power electronics part.
As shown in Fig. 2, in order to ensure the temporal synchronization of two simulation models, FPGA simulation cycles and CPU are imitated in real time
True cycle is come periodically by the same clock source, i.e. high-frequency clock on FPGA.It is handed over simultaneously for the ease of two parallel artificial platforms
Change data, the simulation step length of the CPU real-time simulations of big step-length need be the FPGA simulation step lengths of small step-length integral multiple.Each
When the big step-length emulation cycles of CPU start, the electricity after two simulation cycles switched capacitor voltages, photovoltaic electric current and sliding averages
The information such as inducing current and photovoltaic terminal voltage, specifically, filter inductance electric current, photovoltaic terminal voltage pass after sliding average on FPGA
The simulation cycles of CPU, the simulation step length of a length of CPU of window of sliding average are passed, and capacitance voltage and photovoltaic electric current are then by handing over
Galvanic electricity network simulation Model Transfer gives simulation of power electronic model.
Lower mask body is with a typical bipolar photovoltaic generating system for specific embodiment, and topology is specifically such as Fig. 3
It is shown.The bipolar photovoltaic generating system includes sequentially connected photovoltaic cell, flat wave capacitor Cpv, Boost circuit, DC capacitor
Cdc, DC-AC inverter circuits, the RLC filters of inverter, transformer, load, transmission line of electricity and infinitely great power supply.
In order to realize the real-time simulation to this bipolar photovoltaic generating system, the inductance of the grid-connected filter of inverter is utilized
By System Partition be power electronics subsystem and AC network subsystem with capacitance, the two subsystems using controlled voltage source with
The mode of controlled current source carrys out interface.I.e. AC network subsystem is equivalent to controlled voltage source, and connects with power electronics subsystem
It connects and constitutes simulation of power electronic model, power electronics subsystem is equivalent to controlled current source, and is connect with AC network subsystem
AC network simulation model, wherein simulation of power electronic model are constituted as shown in figure 4, AC network simulation model is on CPU
Specific modeling block diagram is as shown in Figure 5.
After System Partition, simulation of power electronic model is on FPGA with the small step-length real-time simulation of several microseconds.In order to
The convenience realized on FPGA, in this example Boost circuit and DC-AC inverter circuits are equivalent by the way of controlled source builds
Mould.The switch function for defining controlled switch in power electronic circuit is S, when it is high that switch, which receives pwm pulse, S 1, PWM
When pulse is low, S 0.
Controlled voltage source and controlled current source and the relationship of its switch function in Boost circuit are：
Vboost=(1-Sboost)VCdc
Iboost=(1-Sboost)ILpv
The relationship of controlled voltage source and controlled current source and its switch function in DC-AC full bridge inverter equivalent models
For：
Vinv_a=VCdcS1
Vinv_b=VCdcS3
Vinv_c=VCdcS5
Iinv_dc=-(ILaS1+ILbS3+ILcS5)
Wherein：VCdcFor CdcVoltage, ILpvFor LpvElectric current, ILa,ILb,ILcRespectively filter inductance electric current, Sboost、
S1、S3、S5For in Fig. 3 to the switch function of inductive switch.
Photovoltaic cell in this example is to be equivalent to controlled current source, and the concrete model real time execution of photovoltaic cell exists
On CPU, the specific mathematical model of photovoltaic cell is as follows, if under reference conditions, IscFor short circuit current, VocFor open-circuit voltage,
Im、VmFor maximum power point electric current and voltage, then when photovoltaic array voltage is V, corresponding points electric current is I：
C2=(Vm/Voc-1)/ln(1-Im/Isc)
As above it is irradiation intensity and temperature of the photovoltaic cell in reference, i.e. Gref、TrefWhen mathematical model, it is general to be respectively
1000W/m2With 25 DEG C, when solar radiation variations and temperature influence, mathematical model is corrected as follows：
Δ I=α G/Gref·ΔT+(G/Gref-1)·Isc
Δ V=- β Δs T-Rs·ΔI
Δ T=Tc-Tref
Wherein：G is the current intensity of solar radiation (W/m of photovoltaic cell2), TcFor Current Temperatures (DEG C)；α, β are respectively to refer to
Current temperature coefficient (A/ DEG C) under intensity of solar radiation and voltage coefficient (V/ DEG C), for monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon solar cell
Its usual obtained value is α=0.0012Isc(A/ DEG C) and β=0.005Voc(V/℃)；RsFor photovoltaic cell internal resistance.
It is 2.5 microseconds to take the simulation step length of simulation of power electronic model, and the simulation step length of AC network simulation model is 50
Microsecond.At the time of 1.5 seconds, intensity of solar radiation is from 800W/m2Step to 1200W/m2, when being parallel real-time simulation in Fig. 6
The waveform of inverter inductor A phase currents.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of parallel real-time emulation method of photovoltaic generating system, which is characterized in that including step：
1) according to the framework of photovoltaic generating system, simulation of power electronic part and AC network emulation part are established respectively,
The photovoltaic generating system includes photovoltaic cell, the photovoltaic cell pass sequentially through power electronic circuit, filter inductance and
Filter capacity is connect with AC network,
2) the small step-length emulation that a few microsecond step-lengths are carried out in simulation of power electronic part, emulates part in AC network and carries out tens
The big step-length of microsecond step-length emulates, to carry out the associative simulation of two emulation parts；
The step 1) specifically includes step：
101) photovoltaic generating system is divided into power electronics using photovoltaic generating system median filter inductance and filter capacity
Subsystem and AC network subsystem,
102) AC network subsystem is equivalent to controlled voltage source, and connects and composes power electronics with power electronics subsystem and imitates
True part,
The photovoltaic cell is equivalent to controlled current source in simulation of power electronic part, and the model running of photovoltaic cell in
On CPU；
103) power electronics subsystem is equivalent to controlled current source, and connects and composes AC network with AC network subsystem and imitates
True part；
The step 101) is specially：Using photovoltaic generating system median filter inductance and filter capacity as bound pair photovoltaic generation system
System is split, using filter inductance side as power electronics subsystem, using filter capacity side as alternating current net
System；
The simulation of power electronic part and AC network emulation part use same clock source；
The clock source is the high-frequency clock on FPGA；
In the step 2), the step-length of big step-length emulation is the integral multiple of small step-length simulation step length.
2. a kind of parallel real-time emulation method of photovoltaic generating system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electricity
Power electronic simulation part is established on FPGA, and AC network emulation part is established on CPU.
3. a kind of parallel real-time emulation method of photovoltaic generating system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described big
The initial time of each emulation cycle of step-length emulation, two emulation part switched capacitor voltages, photovoltaic electric current and sliding are flat
Inductive current after and photovoltaic terminal voltage.
4. a kind of parallel real-time emulation method of photovoltaic generating system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the cunning
Dynamic average length of window is the step-length of big step-length emulation.
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| CN105608245A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-05-25 | 贵州黔燎原电气科技有限公司 | Modeling method of multi-CPU (Central Processing Unit) independent resolution of large-scale power distribution network |
| CN106849152A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-06-13 | 甘肃省电力公司风电技术中心 | A kind of Synthetic Simulation Platform method for building up of photovoltaic plant |
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| CN106951646A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-07-14 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Multi tate interface method and device in a kind of power system real-time simulation |
| CN108063442A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-05-22 | 贵州大学 | A kind of electric power system alternating current power grid real-time simulation apparatus and its emulation mode |
| CN108416132B (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2021-11-12 | 东南大学 | Automatic variable-step-size simulation acceleration method for distributed photovoltaic cluster |
| CN112989545B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2023-02-03 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | Simulation modeling method and simulation modeling device of train power supply system |
| CN111596567B (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2023-04-21 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Electromagnetic transient simulation device for AC/DC power system |
| CN111858026B (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-08-31 | 中国人民解放军海军航空大学航空作战勤务学院 | Efficient parallel scheduling method for large-scale multi-granularity simulation model |
| CN112131812B (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2023-10-27 | 北京华电天仁电力控制技术有限公司 | Multi-step long parallel power real-time simulation system and method |
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