CN104834778B - A kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system - Google Patents

A kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system Download PDF

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CN104834778B
CN104834778B CN201510222410.5A CN201510222410A CN104834778B CN 104834778 B CN104834778 B CN 104834778B CN 201510222410 A CN201510222410 A CN 201510222410A CN 104834778 B CN104834778 B CN 104834778B
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subway station
air conditioning
conditioning system
ventilation
control
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CN104834778A (en
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高学金
王思宇
王普
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system, belongs to field of heating ventilation air conditioning, the ventilation and air conditioning system for subway station.Mainly comprise the following steps:The simulation model of subway station station layer is built according to subway station design drawing, simulation parameters are determined;Mesh generation is carried out to simulation model;Initial control parameter is calculated, Fluent UDF Compile Technical Documents of Metro Planning station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control program is used;Fluent softwares are run, calculating solution is carried out to the simulation model of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system;Compare the flow field simulation temperature control and velocity control result under different control parameters, finally optimization is optimally controlled parameter.The features of the present invention is as follows:Control parameter to subway station ventilation and air conditioning system is modified, and is calculated the flow field simulation temperature control and velocity control result under different control parameters using Fluent softwares, is compared optimization and draw optimization control parameter.

Description

A kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of heating ventilation air conditioning, a kind of Optimization about control parameter is proposed for subway station ventilation and air conditioning system Method.Flow field analysis solution specifically is carried out to subway station ventilation and air conditioning system using Fluent softwares and passes through flow field analysis As a result subway station ventilation and air conditioning system control parameter is optimized.
Background technology
Along with the development of subway, subway line is repaiied longer and longer, although subway can be brought convenience to the people, but is building Period, for a long time take road surface also can road pavement traffic cause very big pressure, made troubles to pedestrian.And how to shorten subway With the construction period of subway station, the congestion for reducing ground during building is that an important research in subway field is asked Topic.
It is a cumbersome and time consuming work that the control parameter of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system, which is adjusted and judged with control effect, Make.On the one hand, field apparatus operation has substantial amounts of power consumption, and on the other hand, adjusting for control parameter can drag slow subway station Construction period.It is the full load during equipment debugging after subway station completion for the conventional method that control parameter is adjusted Operational outfit, and the data gathered by sensor constantly modify to control parameter.Such method is easy and effective, still Need to consume substantial amounts of time and manpower, and equipment operating cost is high, operates strongly professional.In addition, the above method only limits to After the completion of being constructed in subway station, the control parameter to air conditioner is adjusted.At present need badly find a kind of debug time it is short, The method that cost is low and the degree of accuracy is higher.
The content of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system Optimization about control parameter method, this method Subway station ventilation and air conditioning system control parameter can be effectively adjusted, shortens the equipment debugging cycle, equipment debugging cost is saved.
A kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system, it is characterised in that to subway station air conditioner system The control parameter of system is modified, and the flow field simulation temperature control and velocity control under different control parameters is calculated using Fluent softwares As a result, compare optimization and draw optimization control parameter.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system Optimization about control parameter method, method is included such as Lower specific steps:
(1) simulation model of subway station station layer is built according to subway station design drawing, and determines subway station air conditioner The simulation parameters of system, the wherein simulation parameters of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system include subway station size, wind channel tube Footpath, air channel wall thickness, duct materialses density, duct materialses thermal conductivity factor, duct friction coefficient, equipment heating in subway station station layer Power and subway station wall heat flax, the simulation model of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system include station layer, the subway station of subway station Air conditioner airduct and the part of subway station air conditioner air channel three;In the operation result of simulation model 1 meter to 2 meters on ground In the range of two cross sections of selection as temperature sensor and the contact surface of air velocity transducer, the area of cross section is TEMP The contact area of device and air velocity transducer;
(2) mesh generation is carried out to the subway station station layer simulation model put up;
(3) according to subway station ventilation and air conditioning system simulation parameters, subway station ventilation is calculated using aritical ratio method empty The initial control parameter of adjusting system pid control algorithm, and use Fluent UDF Compile Technical Documents of Metro Planning station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control Program;
(4) Fluent softwares are run, ready-portioned grid and the subway station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control write is loaded into Program, and the solution parameter in Fluent softwares is set.Using finite volume method to subway station ventilation and air conditioning system Simulation model carry out calculating solution, obtain subway station ventilation and air conditioning system simulation model operation result and two sections on wink When mean temperature and instantaneous mean wind speed;
(5) control effect under the different control parameters of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system is entered using Body Comfort Index Row is evaluated, and is obtained instantaneous Body Comfort Index to calculate by obtained instantaneous mean temperature and instantaneous mean wind speed, is passed through Instantaneous Body Comfort Index can calculate the average value and human body for trying to achieve the Body Comfort Index within the simulation run period The standard deviation of ride number, and judge instantaneous Body Comfort Index, the average value of Body Comfort Index and human comfort Whether the standard deviation of degree index meets control standard;
(6) if instantaneous Body Comfort Index, the average value and human body of Body Comfort Index under current control parameter The standard deviation of ride number can not meet control standard simultaneously, then PID control parameter is carried out using aritical ratio method whole It is fixed, and step 3 is jumped to, until instantaneous Body Comfort Index, the average value of Body Comfort Index and human comfort refer to Several standard deviations all meets control standard;
(7) finally choose by adjusting, the pid control parameter for meeting control standard is empty as the subway station ventilation after optimization The operational factor of adjusting system.
Instantaneously Body Comfort Index calculation formula is:In formula:Y represents instantaneous human body Ride number;T represents transient temperature;V represents instantaneous wind speed.
Pid control algorithm is incremental timestamp algorithm.
The standard is controlled to be:65≤y≤85,In formula:Y represents instantaneous human comfort and referred to Number;Represent the average value of Body Comfort Index;Represent the standard deviation of Body Comfort Index.
Analog simulation is carried out to subway station ventilation and air conditioning system using such scheme, accurately simulation subway station can not only be led to Wind air-conditioning system actual temperature and VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION situation, and can easily and accurately obtain subway station ventilation and air conditioning system The parameter value related to control effect such as change, the standard deviation of temperature and speed.Optimize the control of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system Parameter, until obtaining subway station ventilation and air conditioning system optimal control parameter.Optimize subway station ventilation and air conditioning system using this method Control parameter, can obtain the shortening equipment debugging time, reduce construction period, save the effect of equipment debugging cost.
The thought of Fluid Mechanics Computation is incorporated into HVAC control parameter problem of tuning by the present invention, to air conditioner Parameter tuning provide a kind of new method.Subway station is linearized and is fitted, is realized to subway station air conditioner Control parameter is adjusted.And a kind of Body Comfort Index is proposed, it is easy to judge the control effect of air conditioner.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system;
Fig. 2 is subway station ventilation and air conditioning system structural representation;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control program.
Embodiment
In order that the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are clearer, the example below will be with reference to accompanying drawing to the present invention Technical scheme be described further, it is clear that described example be the present invention one application, rather than all.
The present invention is that subway station ventilation and air conditioning system is emulated using Fluent softwares in implementing, and passes through emulation As a result control standard can be met the control effect that judges under current control parameter and the situation of control standard is being unsatisfactory for Under control parameter is adjusted.Optimize subway station ventilation and air conditioning system control parameter using this method, shortening can be obtained and set Standby debug time, reduces construction period, saves the effect of equipment debugging cost.
Subway station ventilation and air conditioning system Optimization about control parameter method realizes step as shown in Figure of description 1.
(1) simulation model of subway station station layer is built by subway station design drawing.Building subway station station layer During simulation model, because subway station platform Rotating fields are complex, in order to be more beneficial for building simulation model and improve to emulation Model calculates the speed solved, it is necessary to do some simplification to it, therefore make hypothesis below:
1. it is difficult to accurate calculating in view of the coupling between subway station chilled water system and ventilating system, and to final control Influential effect is little, so new air temperature is set into definite value 291K.
2. it is complicated in view of actual subway station station layer environment, and many objects are not only in irregular shape, and to most Termination fruit influence is smaller, can seriously reduce calculating speed.So needing to be simplified this type objects.Including:By subway Station layer vertical lift of standing is set to off closed state;Subway train is reduced to cuboid, and train acceleration and deceleration are set For definite value;Ignore the inleakage of shield door.
The fundamental simulation parameter of simulation model is determined by in-site measurement.Including subway station size, air channel caliber, air channel Wall thickness, duct materialses density, duct materialses thermal conductivity factor, duct friction coefficient, in subway station station layer equipment heating power and Subway station wall heat flax.
Two 0.05m*0.05m of selection on subway station ventilation and air conditioning system simulation model above the ground 2 meters of plane Cross section is as the position of temperature sensor and air velocity transducer, and contact area is 0.05m*0.05m, as shown in Figure 2.
(2) the subway station station layer simulation model put up is imported into mesh generation software I CEM, uses ICEM pairs Simulation model carries out mesh generation.Mesh generation uses the tetrahedral grid of non-structural, and carries out mesh refinement to edge of model, To improve the precision of model.Overall trellis quantity is about 5,000,000.
(3) the subway station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control program based on Fluent is write.By FluentUDF, (user is certainly Defined function) write the subway station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control program based on Fluent.
When writing PID control program, because PID control belongs to the non-Length Control of closed loop, so needing by UDF DEFINE_INITIALIZATION is grand to control object initialization, the grand carry out sensing datas of DEFINE_EXECUTE_AT_END Collection and DEFINE_PROFILE are grand to carry out air-blower control to realize the function.Utilize begin_f_loop (f, t) and end_f_ Loop (f, t) is traveled through to the grid of each sensor cross-section, and grand C_T (c0, tc0) reads traveled through grid temperature Degree, document is opened and closed by fopen and fclose, so that required important parameter information is generated into TXT files and preserved.Together When change the rotating speed of draft fan using grand F_PROFILE (f, t, i), so as to realize that subway station ventilation and air conditioning system PID is controlled System.Its flow chart is shown in Fig. 3.Because in default situations, program can only be solved in the case of monokaryon computing to model, but Realistic model is complex, and monokaryon, which is calculated, needs longer time.Accordingly, it would be desirable to add #if in a program!RP_HOST and # if!RP_NODE allows the said procedure to be solved under many kernel operations to model, and host_to_node and Node_to_host transmits data in node and main frame, to improve the solving speed of model.
(4) the PID control program for successively writing the ready-portioned grid of second step and the 3rd step is loaded into Fluent softwares In.And by the DEFINE_INITIALIZATION in PID control program is grand, DEFINE_EXECUTE_AT_END is grand and DEFINE_PROFILE is grand to be loaded into User-Defined Function Hooks.
Solution parameter in Fluent softwares is set:
Because fluid model is three-dimensional non-steady incompressible viscous flow, turbulence model chooses better astringency Realizable κ-ε models, governing equation is the equation of momentum (Navier-Stokes equations), continuity equation, Turbulent Kinetic are prevented Sideslip can be with turbulence dissipation rate equations simultaneousness.Solved using Decoupled algorithm, using SIMPLE algorithms, time step is 1s, time step takes 64800, i.e., 18 hour.In order to ensure that convergence is calculated in each time step, by the iterative steps of each time step It is set as 20 steps.Initial temperature is set as 305K in subway station station.The speed solved is calculated in order to improve, is calculated using single precision Solve, each governing equation residual error is in 1*10-3Hereinafter, after numerical value convergence and physics convergence is ensured, iteration is stopped.Inlet set For fan inlet, outlet is set as fan outlet, and relevant border condition setting turns into wall.The speed of entrance and exit is by subway Ventilation and air conditioning system PID control program of standing is controlled.
Operation simulation model is that can obtain instantaneous mean temperature and the instantaneous mean wind speed that selected cross section is monitored.
(5) control effect under the different control parameters of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system is entered using Body Comfort Index Row is evaluated, and is obtained instantaneous Body Comfort Index to calculate by obtained instantaneous mean temperature and instantaneous mean wind speed, is passed through Instantaneous Body Comfort Index can calculate the average value and human body for trying to achieve the Body Comfort Index within the simulation run period The standard deviation of ride number, and judge instantaneous Body Comfort Index, the average value of Body Comfort Index and human comfort Whether the standard deviation of degree index meets control standard;
Instantaneous Body Comfort Index calculation formula is as follows:
In formula:Y represents instantaneous Body Comfort Index;T represents transient temperature;V represents instantaneous wind speed.
The mean value calculation formula of Body Comfort Index is as follows:
Average valueExpression formula is
In formula:At the time of i is data acquisition;yiFor the instantaneous Body Comfort Index at the i-th moment;N is that data sampling is total Number.
The standard deviation of Body Comfort Index is as follows:
Standard deviationExpression formula is
In formula:At the time of i is data acquisition;yiFor the instantaneous Body Comfort Index at the i-th moment;N is that data sampling is total Number;For the average value of Body Comfort Index.
Control standard is as follows:
65≤y≤85,
In formula:Y represents instantaneous Body Comfort Index;Represent the average value of Body Comfort Index;Human body is represented to relax The standard deviation of appropriate index.
The result of calculation of different control parameters is as shown in table 1.Kp is proportional control factor, and Ki is integral adjustment coefficient, Kd For differential adjustment factor.
Table 1
(6) average value 73.6 of Body Comfort Index and the standard deviation of Body Comfort Index are obtained by first calculating 0.89.Due to the average value of Body Comfort Index and the not full up foot control standard of the standard deviation of Body Comfort Index, so Pid control parameter when needing to calculate first time using aritical ratio method is adjusted, and obtains the PID controls of second of calculating Parameter processed.And return to step three.Three calculating is eventually passed through, the result that third time is calculated can fully meet control standard.
(7) control parameter of the subway station ventilation and air conditioning system therefore after being optimized is Kp=0.5;Ki=0.3;Kd= 0.1。
A kind of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system Optimization about control parameter method of the present invention is not limited to belonging to above-mentioned strength Concrete technical scheme, the technical scheme of all use equivalent substitution formation is the protection domain of application claims.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system, based on Fluent softwares, it is characterised in that including Following steps:
(1) simulation model of subway station station layer is built according to subway station design drawing, and determines subway station ventilation and air conditioning system Simulation parameters, wherein the simulation parameters of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system include subway station size, air channel caliber, wind Road wall thickness, duct materialses density, duct materialses thermal conductivity factor, duct friction coefficient, equipment heating power in subway station station layer With subway station wall heat flax, the simulation model of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system includes the station layer of subway station, subway station ventilation Air conditioning wind pipe and the part of subway station air conditioner air channel three;1 meter to 2 meters of the scope on ground in the operation result of simulation model Two cross sections of interior selection as temperature sensor and the contact surface of air velocity transducer, the area of cross section for temperature sensor and The contact area of air velocity transducer;
(2) mesh generation is carried out to the subway station station layer simulation model put up;
(3) according to subway station ventilation and air conditioning system simulation parameters, subway station air conditioner system is calculated using aritical ratio method The initial control parameter of system pid control algorithm, and use Fluent UDF Compile Technical Documents of Metro Planning station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control journey Sequence;
(4) Fluent softwares are run, ready-portioned grid and the subway station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control journey write is loaded into Sequence, and the solution parameter in Fluent softwares is set;Subway station ventilation and air conditioning system is imitated using finite volume method True mode carry out calculating solution, obtain subway station ventilation and air conditioning system simulation model operation result and two sections on it is instantaneous Mean temperature and instantaneous mean wind speed;
(5) control effect under the different control parameters of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system is commented using Body Comfort Index Valency, obtains instantaneous Body Comfort Index, by instantaneous by obtained instantaneous mean temperature and instantaneous mean wind speed to calculate Body Comfort Index can calculate the average value for trying to achieve the Body Comfort Index within the simulation run period and human comfort The standard deviation of index is spent, and judges that instantaneous Body Comfort Index, the average value of Body Comfort Index and human comfort refer to Whether several standard deviations meets control standard;
(6) if instantaneous Body Comfort Index, the average value of Body Comfort Index and human comfort under current control parameter The standard deviation of degree index can not meet control standard simultaneously, then PID control parameter is adjusted using aritical ratio method, and Step 3 is jumped to, until instantaneous Body Comfort Index, the average value of Body Comfort Index and Body Comfort Index Standard deviation all meets control standard;
(7) finally choose by adjusting, meet the pid control parameter of control standard as the subway station air conditioner system after optimization The operational factor of system.
2. a kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Instantaneous Body Comfort Index calculation formula is as follows:
<mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.7</mn> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>32</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>45</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>v</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>34</mn> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
In formula:Y represents instantaneous Body Comfort Index;T represents transient temperature;V represents instantaneous wind speed.
3. a kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Described pid control algorithm is incremental timestamp algorithm.
4. a kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Control standard is as follows:
<mrow> <mn>65</mn> <mo>&amp;le;</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>&amp;le;</mo> <mn>85</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>70</mn> <mo>&amp;le;</mo> <mover> <mi>y</mi> <mo>&amp;OverBar;</mo> </mover> <mo>&amp;le;</mo> <mn>80</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mover> <mi>&amp;sigma;</mi> <mo>&amp;OverBar;</mo> </mover> <mo>&amp;le;</mo> <mn>0.3</mn> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
In formula:Y represents instantaneous Body Comfort Index;Represent the average value of Body Comfort Index;Represent human comfort The standard deviation of index.
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