CN104834778B - A kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system - Google Patents
A kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system, belongs to field of heating ventilation air conditioning, the ventilation and air conditioning system for subway station.Mainly comprise the following steps：The simulation model of subway station station layer is built according to subway station design drawing, simulation parameters are determined；Mesh generation is carried out to simulation model；Initial control parameter is calculated, Fluent UDF Compile Technical Documents of Metro Planning station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control program is used；Fluent softwares are run, calculating solution is carried out to the simulation model of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system；Compare the flow field simulation temperature control and velocity control result under different control parameters, finally optimization is optimally controlled parameter.The features of the present invention is as follows：Control parameter to subway station ventilation and air conditioning system is modified, and is calculated the flow field simulation temperature control and velocity control result under different control parameters using Fluent softwares, is compared optimization and draw optimization control parameter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of heating ventilation air conditioning, a kind of Optimization about control parameter is proposed for subway station ventilation and air conditioning system
Method.Flow field analysis solution specifically is carried out to subway station ventilation and air conditioning system using Fluent softwares and passes through flow field analysis
As a result subway station ventilation and air conditioning system control parameter is optimized.
Background technology
Along with the development of subway, subway line is repaiied longer and longer, although subway can be brought convenience to the people, but is building
Period, for a long time take road surface also can road pavement traffic cause very big pressure, made troubles to pedestrian.And how to shorten subway
With the construction period of subway station, the congestion for reducing ground during building is that an important research in subway field is asked
Topic.
It is a cumbersome and time consuming work that the control parameter of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system, which is adjusted and judged with control effect,
Make.On the one hand, field apparatus operation has substantial amounts of power consumption, and on the other hand, adjusting for control parameter can drag slow subway station
Construction period.It is the full load during equipment debugging after subway station completion for the conventional method that control parameter is adjusted
Operational outfit, and the data gathered by sensor constantly modify to control parameter.Such method is easy and effective, still
Need to consume substantial amounts of time and manpower, and equipment operating cost is high, operates strongly professional.In addition, the above method only limits to
After the completion of being constructed in subway station, the control parameter to air conditioner is adjusted.At present need badly find a kind of debug time it is short,
The method that cost is low and the degree of accuracy is higher.
The content of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system Optimization about control parameter method, this method
Subway station ventilation and air conditioning system control parameter can be effectively adjusted, shortens the equipment debugging cycle, equipment debugging cost is saved.
A kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system, it is characterised in that to subway station air conditioner system
The control parameter of system is modified, and the flow field simulation temperature control and velocity control under different control parameters is calculated using Fluent softwares
As a result, compare optimization and draw optimization control parameter.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system Optimization about control parameter method, method is included such as
Lower specific steps：
(1) simulation model of subway station station layer is built according to subway station design drawing, and determines subway station air conditioner
The simulation parameters of system, the wherein simulation parameters of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system include subway station size, wind channel tube
Footpath, air channel wall thickness, duct materialses density, duct materialses thermal conductivity factor, duct friction coefficient, equipment heating in subway station station layer
Power and subway station wall heat flax, the simulation model of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system include station layer, the subway station of subway station
Air conditioner airduct and the part of subway station air conditioner air channel three；In the operation result of simulation model 1 meter to 2 meters on ground
In the range of two cross sections of selection as temperature sensor and the contact surface of air velocity transducer, the area of cross section is TEMP
The contact area of device and air velocity transducer；
(2) mesh generation is carried out to the subway station station layer simulation model put up；
(3) according to subway station ventilation and air conditioning system simulation parameters, subway station ventilation is calculated using aritical ratio method empty
The initial control parameter of adjusting system pid control algorithm, and use Fluent UDF Compile Technical Documents of Metro Planning station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control
Program；
(4) Fluent softwares are run, ready-portioned grid and the subway station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control write is loaded into
Program, and the solution parameter in Fluent softwares is set.Using finite volume method to subway station ventilation and air conditioning system
Simulation model carry out calculating solution, obtain subway station ventilation and air conditioning system simulation model operation result and two sections on wink
When mean temperature and instantaneous mean wind speed；
(5) control effect under the different control parameters of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system is entered using Body Comfort Index
Row is evaluated, and is obtained instantaneous Body Comfort Index to calculate by obtained instantaneous mean temperature and instantaneous mean wind speed, is passed through
Instantaneous Body Comfort Index can calculate the average value and human body for trying to achieve the Body Comfort Index within the simulation run period
The standard deviation of ride number, and judge instantaneous Body Comfort Index, the average value of Body Comfort Index and human comfort
Whether the standard deviation of degree index meets control standard；
(6) if instantaneous Body Comfort Index, the average value and human body of Body Comfort Index under current control parameter
The standard deviation of ride number can not meet control standard simultaneously, then PID control parameter is carried out using aritical ratio method whole
It is fixed, and step 3 is jumped to, until instantaneous Body Comfort Index, the average value of Body Comfort Index and human comfort refer to
Several standard deviations all meets control standard；
(7) finally choose by adjusting, the pid control parameter for meeting control standard is empty as the subway station ventilation after optimization
The operational factor of adjusting system.
Instantaneously Body Comfort Index calculation formula is：In formula：Y represents instantaneous human body
Ride number；T represents transient temperature；V represents instantaneous wind speed.
Pid control algorithm is incremental timestamp algorithm.
The standard is controlled to be：65≤y≤85,In formula：Y represents instantaneous human comfort and referred to
Number；Represent the average value of Body Comfort Index；Represent the standard deviation of Body Comfort Index.
Analog simulation is carried out to subway station ventilation and air conditioning system using such scheme, accurately simulation subway station can not only be led to
Wind air-conditioning system actual temperature and VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION situation, and can easily and accurately obtain subway station ventilation and air conditioning system
The parameter value related to control effect such as change, the standard deviation of temperature and speed.Optimize the control of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system
Parameter, until obtaining subway station ventilation and air conditioning system optimal control parameter.Optimize subway station ventilation and air conditioning system using this method
Control parameter, can obtain the shortening equipment debugging time, reduce construction period, save the effect of equipment debugging cost.
The thought of Fluid Mechanics Computation is incorporated into HVAC control parameter problem of tuning by the present invention, to air conditioner
Parameter tuning provide a kind of new method.Subway station is linearized and is fitted, is realized to subway station air conditioner
Control parameter is adjusted.And a kind of Body Comfort Index is proposed, it is easy to judge the control effect of air conditioner.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system；
Fig. 2 is subway station ventilation and air conditioning system structural representation；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control program.
Embodiment
In order that the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are clearer, the example below will be with reference to accompanying drawing to the present invention
Technical scheme be described further, it is clear that described example be the present invention one application, rather than all.
The present invention is that subway station ventilation and air conditioning system is emulated using Fluent softwares in implementing, and passes through emulation
As a result control standard can be met the control effect that judges under current control parameter and the situation of control standard is being unsatisfactory for
Under control parameter is adjusted.Optimize subway station ventilation and air conditioning system control parameter using this method, shortening can be obtained and set
Standby debug time, reduces construction period, saves the effect of equipment debugging cost.
Subway station ventilation and air conditioning system Optimization about control parameter method realizes step as shown in Figure of description 1.
(1) simulation model of subway station station layer is built by subway station design drawing.Building subway station station layer
During simulation model, because subway station platform Rotating fields are complex, in order to be more beneficial for building simulation model and improve to emulation
Model calculates the speed solved, it is necessary to do some simplification to it, therefore make hypothesis below：
1. it is difficult to accurate calculating in view of the coupling between subway station chilled water system and ventilating system, and to final control
Influential effect is little, so new air temperature is set into definite value 291K.
2. it is complicated in view of actual subway station station layer environment, and many objects are not only in irregular shape, and to most
Termination fruit influence is smaller, can seriously reduce calculating speed.So needing to be simplified this type objects.Including：By subway
Station layer vertical lift of standing is set to off closed state；Subway train is reduced to cuboid, and train acceleration and deceleration are set
For definite value；Ignore the inleakage of shield door.
The fundamental simulation parameter of simulation model is determined by in-site measurement.Including subway station size, air channel caliber, air channel
Wall thickness, duct materialses density, duct materialses thermal conductivity factor, duct friction coefficient, in subway station station layer equipment heating power and
Subway station wall heat flax.
Two 0.05m*0.05m of selection on subway station ventilation and air conditioning system simulation model above the ground 2 meters of plane
Cross section is as the position of temperature sensor and air velocity transducer, and contact area is 0.05m*0.05m, as shown in Figure 2.
(2) the subway station station layer simulation model put up is imported into mesh generation software I CEM, uses ICEM pairs
Simulation model carries out mesh generation.Mesh generation uses the tetrahedral grid of non-structural, and carries out mesh refinement to edge of model,
To improve the precision of model.Overall trellis quantity is about 5,000,000.
(3) the subway station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control program based on Fluent is write.By FluentUDF, (user is certainly
Defined function) write the subway station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control program based on Fluent.
When writing PID control program, because PID control belongs to the non-Length Control of closed loop, so needing by UDF
DEFINE_INITIALIZATION is grand to control object initialization, the grand carry out sensing datas of DEFINE_EXECUTE_AT_END
Collection and DEFINE_PROFILE are grand to carry out air-blower control to realize the function.Utilize begin_f_loop (f, t) and end_f_
Loop (f, t) is traveled through to the grid of each sensor cross-section, and grand C_T (c0, tc0) reads traveled through grid temperature
Degree, document is opened and closed by fopen and fclose, so that required important parameter information is generated into TXT files and preserved.Together
When change the rotating speed of draft fan using grand F_PROFILE (f, t, i), so as to realize that subway station ventilation and air conditioning system PID is controlled
System.Its flow chart is shown in Fig. 3.Because in default situations, program can only be solved in the case of monokaryon computing to model, but
Realistic model is complex, and monokaryon, which is calculated, needs longer time.Accordingly, it would be desirable to add #if in a program！RP_HOST and #
if！RP_NODE allows the said procedure to be solved under many kernel operations to model, and host_to_node and
Node_to_host transmits data in node and main frame, to improve the solving speed of model.
(4) the PID control program for successively writing the ready-portioned grid of second step and the 3rd step is loaded into Fluent softwares
In.And by the DEFINE_INITIALIZATION in PID control program is grand, DEFINE_EXECUTE_AT_END is grand and
DEFINE_PROFILE is grand to be loaded into User-Defined Function Hooks.
Solution parameter in Fluent softwares is set：
Because fluid model is three-dimensional non-steady incompressible viscous flow, turbulence model chooses better astringency
Realizable κ-ε models, governing equation is the equation of momentum (Navier-Stokes equations), continuity equation, Turbulent Kinetic are prevented
Sideslip can be with turbulence dissipation rate equations simultaneousness.Solved using Decoupled algorithm, using SIMPLE algorithms, time step is
1s, time step takes 64800, i.e., 18 hour.In order to ensure that convergence is calculated in each time step, by the iterative steps of each time step
It is set as 20 steps.Initial temperature is set as 305K in subway station station.The speed solved is calculated in order to improve, is calculated using single precision
Solve, each governing equation residual error is in 1*10-3Hereinafter, after numerical value convergence and physics convergence is ensured, iteration is stopped.Inlet set
For fan inlet, outlet is set as fan outlet, and relevant border condition setting turns into wall.The speed of entrance and exit is by subway
Ventilation and air conditioning system PID control program of standing is controlled.
Operation simulation model is that can obtain instantaneous mean temperature and the instantaneous mean wind speed that selected cross section is monitored.
(5) control effect under the different control parameters of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system is entered using Body Comfort Index
Row is evaluated, and is obtained instantaneous Body Comfort Index to calculate by obtained instantaneous mean temperature and instantaneous mean wind speed, is passed through
Instantaneous Body Comfort Index can calculate the average value and human body for trying to achieve the Body Comfort Index within the simulation run period
The standard deviation of ride number, and judge instantaneous Body Comfort Index, the average value of Body Comfort Index and human comfort
Whether the standard deviation of degree index meets control standard；
Instantaneous Body Comfort Index calculation formula is as follows：
In formula：Y represents instantaneous Body Comfort Index；T represents transient temperature；V represents instantaneous wind speed.
The mean value calculation formula of Body Comfort Index is as follows：
Average valueExpression formula is
In formula：At the time of i is data acquisition；yiFor the instantaneous Body Comfort Index at the i-th moment；N is that data sampling is total
Number.
The standard deviation of Body Comfort Index is as follows：
Standard deviationExpression formula is
In formula：At the time of i is data acquisition；yiFor the instantaneous Body Comfort Index at the i-th moment；N is that data sampling is total
Number；For the average value of Body Comfort Index.
Control standard is as follows：
65≤y≤85,
In formula：Y represents instantaneous Body Comfort Index；Represent the average value of Body Comfort Index；Human body is represented to relax
The standard deviation of appropriate index.
The result of calculation of different control parameters is as shown in table 1.Kp is proportional control factor, and Ki is integral adjustment coefficient, Kd
For differential adjustment factor.
Table 1
(6) average value 73.6 of Body Comfort Index and the standard deviation of Body Comfort Index are obtained by first calculating
0.89.Due to the average value of Body Comfort Index and the not full up foot control standard of the standard deviation of Body Comfort Index, so
Pid control parameter when needing to calculate first time using aritical ratio method is adjusted, and obtains the PID controls of second of calculating
Parameter processed.And return to step three.Three calculating is eventually passed through, the result that third time is calculated can fully meet control standard.
(7) control parameter of the subway station ventilation and air conditioning system therefore after being optimized is Kp=0.5；Ki=0.3；Kd=
0.1。
A kind of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system Optimization about control parameter method of the present invention is not limited to belonging to above-mentioned strength
Concrete technical scheme, the technical scheme of all use equivalent substitution formation is the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system, based on Fluent softwares, it is characterised in that including
Following steps：
(1) simulation model of subway station station layer is built according to subway station design drawing, and determines subway station ventilation and air conditioning system
Simulation parameters, wherein the simulation parameters of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system include subway station size, air channel caliber, wind
Road wall thickness, duct materialses density, duct materialses thermal conductivity factor, duct friction coefficient, equipment heating power in subway station station layer
With subway station wall heat flax, the simulation model of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system includes the station layer of subway station, subway station ventilation
Air conditioning wind pipe and the part of subway station air conditioner air channel three；1 meter to 2 meters of the scope on ground in the operation result of simulation model
Two cross sections of interior selection as temperature sensor and the contact surface of air velocity transducer, the area of cross section for temperature sensor and
The contact area of air velocity transducer；
(2) mesh generation is carried out to the subway station station layer simulation model put up；
(3) according to subway station ventilation and air conditioning system simulation parameters, subway station air conditioner system is calculated using aritical ratio method
The initial control parameter of system pid control algorithm, and use Fluent UDF Compile Technical Documents of Metro Planning station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control journey
Sequence；
(4) Fluent softwares are run, ready-portioned grid and the subway station ventilation and air conditioning system PID control journey write is loaded into
Sequence, and the solution parameter in Fluent softwares is set；Subway station ventilation and air conditioning system is imitated using finite volume method
True mode carry out calculating solution, obtain subway station ventilation and air conditioning system simulation model operation result and two sections on it is instantaneous
Mean temperature and instantaneous mean wind speed；
(5) control effect under the different control parameters of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system is commented using Body Comfort Index
Valency, obtains instantaneous Body Comfort Index, by instantaneous by obtained instantaneous mean temperature and instantaneous mean wind speed to calculate
Body Comfort Index can calculate the average value for trying to achieve the Body Comfort Index within the simulation run period and human comfort
The standard deviation of index is spent, and judges that instantaneous Body Comfort Index, the average value of Body Comfort Index and human comfort refer to
Whether several standard deviations meets control standard；
(6) if instantaneous Body Comfort Index, the average value of Body Comfort Index and human comfort under current control parameter
The standard deviation of degree index can not meet control standard simultaneously, then PID control parameter is adjusted using aritical ratio method, and
Step 3 is jumped to, until instantaneous Body Comfort Index, the average value of Body Comfort Index and Body Comfort Index
Standard deviation all meets control standard；
(7) finally choose by adjusting, meet the pid control parameter of control standard as the subway station air conditioner system after optimization
The operational factor of system.
2. a kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Instantaneous Body Comfort Index calculation formula is as follows：
<mrow>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1.7</mn>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>32</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>45</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>34</mn>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
In formula：Y represents instantaneous Body Comfort Index；T represents transient temperature；V represents instantaneous wind speed.
3. a kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described pid control algorithm is incremental timestamp algorithm.
4. a kind of Optimization about control parameter method of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Control standard is as follows：
<mrow>
<mn>65</mn>
<mo>&le;</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>&le;</mo>
<mn>85</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>70</mn>
<mo>&le;</mo>
<mover>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mo>&le;</mo>
<mn>80</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mover>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mo>&le;</mo>
<mn>0.3</mn>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
In formula：Y represents instantaneous Body Comfort Index；Represent the average value of Body Comfort Index；Represent human comfort
The standard deviation of index.
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| CN105550440A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-05-04 | 广船国际有限公司 | Design method for ventilation system |
| CN108121839A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-06-05 | 中车大同电力机车有限公司 | Cab on electric locomotive Analysis of Human Comfort method based on FLUENT softwares |
| CN106650143B (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2020-05-26 | 石家庄国祥运输设备有限公司 | High-speed train air conditioner condensation air quantity numerical calculation method and application thereof |
| CN107092713A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-08-25 | 扬州大学 | A kind of impacting jet ventilating system optimization method based on ANSYS softwares |
| CN108614446B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2021-03-30 | 中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司 | Production line digital simulation analysis system applied to engineering field |
| CN108921412B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2021-12-24 | 中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司 | Project feasibility evaluation system based on simulation intelligence |
| CN111238001B (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2021-09-24 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Control method and device for air supply of air conditioner, storage medium and processor |
| CN111460649A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-28 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Tunnel wind energy calculation method and device and tunnel intelligent display system |
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