CN104834088B - Wavefront coded imaging systems and the super-resolution processing method based on single image amplification - Google Patents

Wavefront coded imaging systems and the super-resolution processing method based on single image amplification Download PDF

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CN104834088B
CN104834088B CN201510166370.7A CN201510166370A CN104834088B CN 104834088 B CN104834088 B CN 104834088B CN 201510166370 A CN201510166370 A CN 201510166370A CN 104834088 B CN104834088 B CN 104834088B
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eyeglass
kng
semiaperture
super
image
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CN104834088A (en
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赵惠
刘美莹
解晓蓬
樊学武
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XiAn Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0075—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. increasing, the depth of field or depth of focus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/50—Optics for phase object visualisation
    • G02B27/52—Phase contrast optics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/58—Optics for apodization or superresolution; Optical synthetic aperture systems

Abstract

A kind of wavefront coded imaging systems and the super-resolution processing method based on single image amplification, including wavefront coded imaging lens, 1/3 inch of image detector and codec processing unit, wavefront coded imaging lens include the first eyeglass, phase mask plate, the second eyeglass and the 3rd eyeglass；First eyeglass, phase mask plate, the second eyeglass, the 3rd eyeglass, 1/3 inch of image detector and codec processing unit are successively set in same light path；First eyeglass, phase mask plate, the preceding surface of the second eyeglass and the 3rd eyeglass and the radius of curvature on rear surface, X-direction thang-kng semiaperture, Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture are different from each parameter of the prior art.The invention provides one kind on the premise of imaging sensor hardware condition is not changed, the blur-free imaging of super large depth of focus can be realized, can also obtain the wavefront coded imaging systems for the super-resolution reconstruction image for corresponding to smaller physics pixel dimension detector and the super-resolution processing method based on single image amplification.

Description

Wavefront coded imaging systems and the super-resolution processing method based on single image amplification
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical field, is related to a kind of wavefront coded imaging systems and the super-resolution based on single image amplification Processing method, more particularly to it is a kind of using the Large depth-of-focus imaging system of wavefront coding technology and for wavefront coded imaging systems Super-resolution image processing method.
Background technology
The depth of focus of expansion optical system always is the focus of academia's research, since the 1980s mid-term, though Right panoramic method is proposed for depth of field extension, but until Univ Colorado-Boulder USA doctor Dowski and Cathey is taught after the wavefront coded concept of nineteen ninety-five proposition, and field depth extending just has breakthrough truly.
By taking one dimensional optical system as an example, its defocus optical transfer function OTF can pass through the auto-correlation of generalized pupil function Computing obtains, as follows：
Wherein, u and x is normalized spatial frequency and aperture plane lateral coordinates respectively；W20It is maximum defocus wave aberration Coefficient；K is wave number；And f then represents phase-plate general expression.
For traditional imaging systems, the f items in above formula are not present, therefore can be readily available the specific of defocus OTF Expression formula is：
It can be seen that when system is not introduced into phase-plate, its OTF is very sensitive to defocus, and can be empty in frequency Between periodically there is zero point, so as to cause irreversible information loss.But once invented doctor E.R.Dowski Cube phase-plate (f (x)=α x3) be incorporated on the entrance pupil face of optical system after, pass through static phase approximation method can An entirely different defocus OTF is obtained, it is as follows：
It is clear that now defocus OTF mould, i.e. MTF are unrelated with defocus wave aberration coefficient, that is to say, that cube Phase-plate can make system MTF insensitive to defocus；Although OTF phase bit position and degree of blur W20It is relevant, as long as but adjusting Factor-alpha increase processed, it is to W20Dependency degree will significantly reduce.Simultaneously most importantly, with the addition of phase mask plate it Afterwards, MTF simply has a certain degree of decline within effective frequency range in amplitude, and zero point or nearly zero point is not present, i.e., When defocus occurs in system, the information beyond primal system field depth is not lost, passes through digital image restoration algorithm afterwards Can is effectively recovered.Simultaneously as phase-plate to the thang-kng amount and resolution ratio of system all without impacting, so ripple Preceding coding is a kind of new big depth field imaging method for differing substantially from reduced bore method, central obscuration method or apodization.
Certainly, phase mask plate is the key for realizing that system optics transmission function OTF defocus is insensitive.However, such as Fruit does not restore filtering, can not just obtain clearly big depth of focus image.Traditional recovery flow is only capable of obtaining and imaging sensor The corresponding decoding image of valid pixel number, now the actual physical size of pixel determine what is characterized with every millimeter of demand pairs System space resolution capability.It is most straight from the smaller detector of pixel if wanting the spatial resolution of further lifting system The method connect.But the physics size of imaging sensor pixel is limited by factors such as manufacturing process and application conditions, Can not possibly be ad infinitum small.Therefore, spatial resolution capability is realized on the premise of sensor physics pixel dimension is not changed Lifting be one of focus of super-resolution research field.
The content of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem present in background technology, the invention provides one kind not to change image sensing On the premise of device hardware condition, it is not only able to realize the blur-free imaging of super large depth of focus, and can obtains and correspond to smaller physics The wavefront coded imaging systems of the super-resolution reconstruction image of pixel dimension detector and the super-resolution based on single image amplification Processing method.
The present invention technical solution be：The invention provides a kind of wavefront coded imaging systems, including it is wavefront coded Imaging lens, 1/3 inch of image detector and codec processing unit, the wavefront coded imaging lens include the first eyeglass, Phase mask plate, the second eyeglass and the 3rd eyeglass；First eyeglass, phase mask plate, the second eyeglass, the 3rd eyeglass, 1/3 Inch image detector and codec processing unit are successively set in same light path；It is characterized in that：
The radius of curvature on the preceding surface of first eyeglass is 18.91mm, and the X-direction thang-kng on the preceding surface of the first eyeglass is partly Aperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture are 6.22mm；The radius of curvature on the rear surface of first eyeglass is 234mm, first The X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture on the rear surface of eyeglass are 5.85mm；The preceding table of first eyeglass The distance between face and the rear surface of the first eyeglass, i.e. the center thickness of the first eyeglass is 3.0mm；
The X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture on the preceding surface of the phase mask plate are 4.95mm； The X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture on the rear surface of the phase mask plate are 4.42mm；Described first The distance between the distance between the rear surface of eyeglass and the preceding surface of phase mask plate, i.e. the first eyeglass and phase mask plate are 3.22mm；The distance between the preceding surface of the phase mask plate and the rear surface of phase mask plate, the i.e. thickness of phase mask plate Degree is 2.0mm；
The radius of curvature on the preceding surface of second eyeglass is -34.973mm, the X-direction thang-kng on the preceding surface of the second eyeglass Semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture are 4.43mm；The radius of curvature on the rear surface of second eyeglass is 15.776mm, The X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture on the rear surface of the second eyeglass are 5.46mm；The phase mask plate The distance between the preceding surface of rear surface and the second eyeglass, i.e., the distance between phase mask plate and the second eyeglass are 2.0mm； The distance between the preceding surface of second eyeglass and the rear surface of the second eyeglass, i.e. the center thickness of the second eyeglass is 3.0mm；
The radius of curvature on the preceding surface of the 3rd eyeglass is 33.6240mm, the X-direction thang-kng on the preceding surface of the 3rd eyeglass Semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture are 5.57mm；The radius of curvature on the rear surface of the 3rd eyeglass is -26.53mm, The X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture on the rear surface of the 3rd eyeglass are 4.24mm；Second eyeglass The distance between surface and the preceding surface of the 3rd eyeglass afterwards, i.e., the distance between the second eyeglass and the 3rd eyeglass are 5.17mm；Institute The distance between the preceding surface of the 3rd eyeglass and the rear surface of the 3rd eyeglass are stated, i.e. the center thickness of the 3rd eyeglass is 3.0mm；
The distance between the rear surface of 3rd eyeglass and 1/3 inch of image detector are 39.3135mm.
The 2D mask functional forms of above-mentioned phase mask plate are：
Wherein：
α characterizes the phase-modulation intensity of square phase mask plate three times, and the α values are 0.0130mm；
X and y is normalized aperture coordinate, unit mm, x the and y spans be [- 4.9513, 4.9513]。
The focal length of above-mentioned wavefront coded imaging lens is 50mm, relative aperture 1：4.5, full filed angle is approximately 10 °, work spectrum Section 480um~680um.
A kind of super-resolution processing method based on single image amplification based on wavefront coded imaging systems as described above, It is characterized in that：The super-resolution processing method based on single image amplification comprises the following steps：
1) the size p of the actual pixel of sensor obtained desired by super-resolution is selectednew, and determine therefrom that super-resolution net Table images Y and decoding are exactly before in the proportionality coefficient between uniformly fuzzy original-resolution image I, i.e., described proportionality coefficient The multiplication factor of target image, the multiplication factor of the target image is δ=[p/pnew],
Wherein：
[] represents and rounded；
P then represent with before decoding in the corresponding sensor pixels sizes of uniformly fuzzy original-resolution image I；
2) line direction and column direction before decoding in uniformly fuzzy original-resolution image I are amplified δ times, this When super-resolution grid image Y valid pixel number will be changed into before decoding in uniformly fuzzy original-resolution image I δ2 Times；
3) there is smaller pixel figure using what is obtained desired by the gain of parameter of wavefront coded imaging lens as implied above As the original point spread function Psf before sensor sampleoptical；
4) according to the multiplication factor δ of target image, by reversely filling resampling, Psf is utilizedopticalCalculate and correspond to more Small sensor actual physics pixel pnewSampling point spread function Psfcalculated；
5) with PsfcalculatedAs priori, target image is amplified to line direction and column direction and put The blurred picture of big δ times of multiple carries out recovery filtering, realizes the super-resolution rebuilding based on single image amplification.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in will decode before it is equal in uniformly fuzzy original-resolution image I line direction and column direction Used interpolation method is closest interpolation when amplifying δ times.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in obtain desired by obtain have smaller pixel imaging sensor sampling before original point expand Dissipate function PsfopticalMode be to be exported by optical system design software.
Above-mentioned multiplication factor is not more than 4.
It is an advantage of the invention that：
The present invention is on the basis of wavefront coded imaging systems physical characteristic is furtherd investigate, it is proposed that one kind is suitably applied Wavefront Coding system, based on image amplification super-resolution processing method, on the premise of detector pixel dimension is not changed, It can not only realize that super large depth of focus is imaged, and the purpose of super-resolution imaging can be reached.Image amplification is simplest incites somebody to action The method that low-resolution image is mapped to fine-resolution meshes.Traditional amplification of the image based on interpolation can not bring information content Increase, and simply merely add number of pixels, if dealt with improperly, the resolved bands of details can also be come with unfavorable shadow Ring.Super-resolution processing method proposed by the invention is not only able to increase image using wavefront coded imaging mechanism as theoretical foundation Valid pixel number, and traditional images can be eliminated and amplify destruction to local detail, such as edge feature, be to wavefront The deep excavation of the potential characteristic of coded imaging technology.Accordingly, the present invention devises the wavefront for carrying classical phase-plate square three times Coded imaging systems are used for verification experimental verification.As a result show, this super-resolution processing method based on wavefront coded mechanism is in office There is great advantage in terms of the accurate description of portion's amplification details.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of wavefront coded Large depth-of-focus imaging system；
Fig. 2 is the optical delivery that wavefront coded Large depth-of-focus imaging system corresponds to different image-forming ranges (under different defocusing amounts) Function；
Fig. 3 is that optical point spread function is corresponded to not by what analog sampling was calculated as derived from optical design software With the sampling point spread function of sensor physics Pixel size；
Fig. 4 be wavefront coded Large depth-of-focus imaging system material object and under parallel light tube through 5.2um Pixel size figures The actual point spread function obtained as sensor sample；
Fig. 5 is the super-resolution processing flow chart provided by the present invention for wavefront coded imaging systems；
Fig. 6 be wavefront coded Large depth-of-focus imaging system one group of field trial result and corresponding super-resolution processing after Partial result.
Embodiment
The present invention relates to Large depth-of-focus imaging system of the complete set based on wavefront coded mechanism and for wavefront coded The super-resolution processing method based on single image amplification of imaging system.
The invention provides a kind of wavefront coded imaging systems, including wavefront coded imaging lens, 1/3 inch of image detection Device and codec processing unit, wavefront coded imaging lens include the first eyeglass (eyeglass 1 in Fig. 1), phase mask plate, second Eyeglass (eyeglass 2 in Fig. 1) and the 3rd eyeglass (eyeglass 3 in Fig. 1)；First eyeglass, phase mask plate, the second eyeglass, Three eyeglasses, 1/3 inch of image detector and codec processing unit are successively set in same light path；
The radius of curvature on the preceding surface of the first eyeglass is 18.91mm, the X-direction thang-kng semiaperture on the preceding surface of the first eyeglass And Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture is 6.22mm；The radius of curvature on the rear surface of the first eyeglass is 234mm, after the first eyeglass The X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture on surface are 5.85mm；The preceding surface of first eyeglass and the first eyeglass The distance between rear surface, i.e. the center thickness of the first eyeglass is 3.0mm；
The X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture on the preceding surface of phase mask plate are 4.95mm；Phase The X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture on the rear surface of mask plate are 4.42mm；The rear surface of first eyeglass The distance between preceding surface of phase mask plate, i.e. the distance between the first eyeglass and phase mask plate are 3.22mm；Phase The distance between the preceding surface of mask plate and the rear surface of phase mask plate, i.e. the thickness of phase mask plate is 2.0mm；
The radius of curvature on the preceding surface of the second eyeglass is -34.973mm, the X-direction thang-kng half bore on the preceding surface of the second eyeglass Footpath and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture are 4.43mm；The radius of curvature on the rear surface of the second eyeglass is 15.776mm, the second eyeglass Rear surface X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture be 5.46mm；The rear surface of phase mask plate and the The distance between preceding surface of two eyeglasses, i.e. the distance between phase mask plate and the second eyeglass are 2.0mm；Before second eyeglass The distance between surface and the rear surface of the second eyeglass, i.e. the center thickness of the second eyeglass is 3.0mm；
The radius of curvature on the preceding surface of the 3rd eyeglass is 33.6240mm, the X-direction thang-kng half bore on the preceding surface of the 3rd eyeglass Footpath and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture are 5.57mm；The radius of curvature on the rear surface of the 3rd eyeglass is -26.53mm, the 3rd eyeglass Rear surface X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture be 4.24mm；The rear surface and the 3rd of second eyeglass The distance between preceding surface of eyeglass, i.e., the distance between the second eyeglass and the 3rd eyeglass are 5.17mm；The preceding table of 3rd eyeglass The distance between face and the rear surface of the 3rd eyeglass, i.e. the center thickness of the 3rd eyeglass is 3.0mm；
The distance between the rear surface of 3rd eyeglass and 1/3 inch of image detector are 39.3135mm.
The 2D mask functional forms of phase mask plate are：
Wherein：
α characterizes the phase-modulation intensity of square phase mask plate three times, and α values are 0.0130mm；
X and y is normalized aperture coordinate, and unit mm, x and y span is [- 4.9513,4.9513].
The focal length of wavefront coded imaging lens is 50mm, relative aperture 1：4.5, full filed angle is approximately 10 °, operating spectrum band 480um~680um.
The present invention additionally provides one kind and is based on the wavefront coded imaging while as above wavefront coded imaging systems are provided System based on single image amplification super-resolution processing method, based on single image amplification super-resolution processing method include with Lower step：
1) the size p of the actual pixel of sensor obtained desired by super-resolution is selectednew, and determine therefrom that super-resolution net Before in the proportionality coefficient between uniformly fuzzy original-resolution image I, i.e. proportionality coefficient is exactly target for table images Y and decoding The multiplication factor of image, the multiplication factor of target image is δ=[p/pnew],
Wherein：
[] represents and rounded；
P then represent with before decoding in the corresponding sensor pixels sizes of uniformly fuzzy original-resolution image I；
2) line direction and column direction before decoding in uniformly fuzzy original-resolution image I are amplified δ times, this When super-resolution grid image Y valid pixel number will be changed into before decoding in uniformly fuzzy original-resolution image I δ2 Times；The interpolation method of use is closest interpolation；
3) there is smaller pixel figure using what is obtained desired by the gain of parameter of wavefront coded imaging lens as implied above As the original point spread function Psf before sensor sampleoptical；What is obtained desired by being obtained in step 3) has smaller pixel Original point spread function Psf before imaging sensor samplingopticalMode be to be exported by optical system design software.
4) according to the multiplication factor δ of target image, by reversely filling resampling, Psf is utilizedopticalCalculate and correspond to more Small sensor actual physics pixel pnewSampling point spread function Psfcalculated；
5) with PsfcalculatedAs priori, target image is amplified to line direction and column direction and put The blurred picture of big δ times of multiple carries out recovery filtering, realizes the super-resolution rebuilding based on single image amplification.
With reference to figure 1 (the prototype framework of wavefront coded Large depth-of-focus imaging system), in system proposed by the invention, After imageable target 1 is by conventional wavefront coded imaging lens 2, fuzzy intermediary image is formed on 1/3 inch of image detector 3, Then codec processing unit 4 carries out deconvolution processing, finally gives the big depth of focus image of focus.It is original except that can obtain Outside the big depth of focus image of resolution ratio, codec processing unit 4 can also implement the super-resolution based on single image amplification as needed Rate is rebuild, and the image of smaller physics pixel dimension sensor is corresponded to by being calculated.
Wavefront coded imaging lens proposed by the invention are to carry to have three on the basis of classical Cook three lens objectives What the phase mask plate of secondary square phase distribution obtained.Three conventional spherical lenses are using in general glass lens processing technology It can obtain, square phase mask plate then needs to be completed by five degree of freedom Free-Form Surface Machining equipment three times.Target scene is sent Imaging light after wavefront coded imaging lens, it has the depth information of the scene diverse location of carrying and compiled Code, the thing followed be system to the insensitive of defocus, by Fig. 2, (wavefront coded Large depth-of-focus imaging system corresponds to different imagings Shown in distance (5m (a), 7m (b), 10m (c), 50m (d) and infinity (e)).Wherein abscissa is represented with every millimeter of demand pairs The spatial frequency of sign, ordinate then represent the MTF amplitudes after normalization.) shown in modulation transfer function reflect. It can be seen that the MTF corresponding to different defocusing amounts, different visual fields and different wave length is respectively provided with fabulous uniformity.Although compile Mtf value after code is less than the value before coding, but it is not in null value in the case where defocusing amount be present, therefore will not make Into the loss of image detail information.It is that the fuzzy image of uniformity is presented in a width on image detector, uses codec processing unit It is decoded, the mtf value of system is promoted to close to diffraction limited, so as to recover sharp keen clearly image.
Wavefront coded imaging systems involved in the present invention are before coming into operation, it is necessary to enter with the help of parallel light tube Row staking-out work.Research shows：For the phase mask plate that rectangle can divide, point spread function corresponding to it is simultaneously non-rotating Symmetrically, its main energetic is distributed in orthogonal x directions and y directions.If the x-axis y of wavefront coded imaging lens point spread function Axle can not be well corresponding with the x-axis y-axis of imaging sensor, then strong fake information will be produced in restored image.Therefore, Phase mask plate designed by the present invention is arranged on a gripper frame with mechanical rotation apparatus (as shown in Figure 4), can be with Rotation of the phase mask plate centered on optical axis is realized in the range of 0~90 °.This structure can just accomplish to make phase-plate Two axles accurately align with the axle of imaging sensor two.
In view of the particularity of wavefront coding technology, the present invention proposes a kind of Super-resolution reconstruction based on single image amplification Processing method is built, the reconstruction figure corresponding to smaller physics pixel can be obtained on the premise of imaging sensor hardware is not changed Picture.The it is proposed of this method is based on following results of study.
Any one imaging lens is after by good aberration correction, the branch of its optical point spread function Holding domain will closely.Now, when simulating the system point spread function after detector samples using optical point spread function, no With the difference very little between the result corresponding to Pixel size detector.However, because the optical point of Wavefront Coding system spreads Function has great support region, so the difference of Pixel size will produce completely different system point spread function.Pixel is got over Small, sampling point spread function is just closer to optical point spread function.In other words, pixel is smaller, and sampling point spread function is to being The description of system is more accurate.As Fig. 3 (Fig. 3 give it is corresponding with the wavefront coded imaging lens, exported by optical design software Optical point spread function by analog sampling be calculated correspond to different sensors physics Pixel size (5.2um, 3.2um, 2.6um and 1.7um) sampling point spread function) shown in, by simulate calculate, led by optical system design software The optical point spread function gone out can obtain and different size pixel sensor (5.2um, 3.2um, 2.6um and 1.7um) phase Corresponding sampling point spread function.By comparing Fig. 3, (Fig. 4 gives the material object of the wavefront coded Large depth-of-focus imaging system with Fig. 4 And sample obtained actual point spread function through 5.2um Pixel size imaging sensors under parallel light tube), it is not difficult to send out Existing, point spread function corresponding to 5.2um pixels caused by simulation has very high with the actual measurement point spread function under parallel light tube Similarity.Therefore, after using optical system design software extraction optical point spread function, it is possible to be more precisely calculated Actual point spread function after the sampling of different size pixel, the result of study just obtain not change sensor hardware condition Theoretical foundation has been established corresponding to the actual samples point spread function of smaller pixel.
This characteristic based on wavefront coded imaging systems, the super-resolution proposed by the present invention for Wavefront Coding system Handling process is as shown in Figure 5.First, it is determined that desired obtained detector physics Pixel size, and by with current sensor The comparison of actual Pixel size obtains the enlargement ratio of target image.For example the Pixel size of present image sensor is 5.2um, Assuming that go for the imaging effect of 2.6um sensors, then now the enlargement ratio of target image is equal to 2.Secondly, by light Learn point spread function to set out, obtaining actual samples point corresponding with the detector with required Pixel size by analog sampling expands Dissipate function.Again, the fuzzy intermediate image after being encoded through phase-plate is amplified to corresponding multiple.Finally, counted using simulation The actual samples point spread function corresponding with smaller pixel detector obtained is calculated, passes through the convolution combination Richardson- that does Lucy algorithms carry out recovery reconstruction to the middle blurred picture after amplification, so as to obtain the effect of Super-resolution Reconstruction.
Fig. 6 gives one group of field trial knot carried out using wavefront coded super-resolution imaging system proposed by the present invention Fruit, wherein, the sensor physics Pixel size corresponding to original-resolution image is 5.2um.It can be seen that the figure after decoding As very clear, and the edge in scene all significantly enhances, because phase mask plate is eliminating defocus sensitiveness While wavefront distortion also to system serve inhibitory action, so the filtering decoding image of Wavefront Coding system is due to eliminating Blur degradation that wavefront distortion is brought and generate the effect of scene enhancing.Using the super-resolution rebuilding flow described in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 also gives corresponding processing example, wherein it is 1.3um's that the treatment effect of 4 times of super-resolutions, which is equivalent to by Pixel size, The image that imaging sensor is captured.It can be seen that compared with simple amplification, super-resolution processing method proposed by the invention The effect after amplification can be significantly increased, eliminates the sawtooth effect for routinely amplifying and bringing, can be more accurately to scene information It is described.This is turned out, and the superresolution processing flow for Wavefront Coding system proposed by the invention is very effective. However, it is contemplated that the problems such as energy deficiency and signal to noise ratio that small pixel is brought reduce, the superresolution processing flow institute shown in Fig. 5 The multiplication factor that can be obtained is in the presence of limitation.Research shows, what super-resolution processing flow proposed by the invention was applicable Multiplication factor is usually no more than 4.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of wavefront coded imaging systems, including wavefront coded imaging lens, 1/3 inch of image detector and decoding process Unit, the wavefront coded imaging lens include the first eyeglass, phase mask plate, the second eyeglass and the 3rd eyeglass；Described One eyeglass, phase mask plate, the second eyeglass, the 3rd eyeglass, 1/3 inch of image detector and codec processing unit are set gradually In same light path；It is characterized in that：
The radius of curvature on the preceding surface of first eyeglass is 18.91mm, the X-direction thang-kng semiaperture on the preceding surface of the first eyeglass And Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture is 6.22mm；The radius of curvature on the rear surface of first eyeglass is 234mm, the first eyeglass Rear surface X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture be 5.85mm；The preceding surface of first eyeglass with The distance between rear surface of first eyeglass is 3.0mm；
The X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture on the preceding surface of the phase mask plate are 4.95mm；It is described The X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture on the rear surface of phase mask plate are 4.42mm；First eyeglass The distance between the preceding surface of rear surface and phase mask plate be 3.22mm；Covered with phase on the preceding surface of the phase mask plate The distance between rear surface of diaphragm plate is 2.0mm；
The radius of curvature on the preceding surface of second eyeglass is -34.973mm, the X-direction thang-kng half bore on the preceding surface of the second eyeglass Footpath and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture are 4.43mm；The radius of curvature on the rear surface of second eyeglass is 15.776mm, second The X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture on the rear surface of eyeglass are 5.46mm；After the phase mask plate The distance between surface and the preceding surface of the second eyeglass are 2.0mm；The preceding surface of second eyeglass and the rear table of the second eyeglass The distance between face is 3.0mm；
The radius of curvature on the preceding surface of the 3rd eyeglass is 33.6240mm, the X-direction thang-kng half bore on the preceding surface of the 3rd eyeglass Footpath and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture are 5.57mm；The radius of curvature on the rear surface of the 3rd eyeglass is -26.53mm, the 3rd The X-direction thang-kng semiaperture and Y-direction thang-kng semiaperture on the rear surface of eyeglass are 4.24mm；The rear table of second eyeglass The distance between face and the preceding surface of the 3rd eyeglass are 5.17mm；The preceding surface of 3rd eyeglass and the rear surface of the 3rd eyeglass The distance between be 3.0mm；
The distance between the rear surface of 3rd eyeglass and 1/3 inch of image detector are 39.3135mm；
The 2D mask functional forms of the phase mask plate are：
<mrow> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>&amp;alpha;</mi> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mn>4.9513</mn> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>y</mi> <mn>4.9513</mn> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
Wherein：
α characterizes the phase-modulation intensity of square phase mask plate three times, and the α values are 0.0130mm；
X and y is normalized aperture coordinate, and unit mm, x the and y spans are [- 4.9513,4.9513].
2. wavefront coded imaging systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Jiao of the wavefront coded imaging lens Away from being 50mm, relative aperture 1：4.5, full filed angle is approximately 10 °, operating spectrum band 480um~680um.
3. a kind of wavefront coded imaging systems based on as described in claim 1-2 any claims are put based on single image Big super-resolution processing method, it is characterised in that：The super-resolution processing method based on single image amplification includes following step Suddenly：
1) the actual Pixel size p of sensor obtained desired by super-resolution is selectednew, and determine therefrom that super-resolution grid image Y With being in the proportionality coefficient between uniformly fuzzy original-resolution image I before decoding, i.e., described proportionality coefficient is exactly target figure The multiplication factor of picture, the multiplication factor of the target image is δ=[p/pnew],
Wherein：
[] represents and rounded；
P then represent with before decoding in the corresponding sensor pixels sizes of uniformly fuzzy original-resolution image I；
2) line direction and column direction before decoding in uniformly fuzzy original-resolution image I are used into closest interpolation Method amplifies δ times, and now super-resolution grid image Y valid pixel number will be original in what is uniformly obscured before being changed into decoding Image in different resolution I δ2Times；
3) using obtaining desired by the gain of parameter of the wavefront coded imaging lens described in claim 1-2 any claims Original point spread function Psf before being sampled with smaller pixel imaging sensoroptical；
4) according to the multiplication factor δ of target image, by reversely filling resampling, Psf is utilizedopticalCalculate corresponding to smaller The actual Pixel size p of sensornewSampling point spread function Psfcalculated；
5) with PsfcalculatedAs priori, the times magnification of target image has been amplified to line direction and column direction The blurred picture of δ times of number carries out recovery filtering, realizes the super-resolution rebuilding based on single image amplification.
4. the super-resolution processing method according to claim 3 based on single image amplification, it is characterised in that：The step 3) what is obtained desired by being obtained in has the original point spread function Psf before the sampling of smaller pixel imaging sensoroptical's Mode is exported by optical system design software.
5. the super-resolution processing method based on single image amplification according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that：It is described Multiplication factor is not more than 4.
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