CN104831675B - A kind of bottom spawning fish bed material demand model construction method - Google Patents

A kind of bottom spawning fish bed material demand model construction method Download PDF

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CN104831675B
CN104831675B CN201510181886.9A CN201510181886A CN104831675B CN 104831675 B CN104831675 B CN 104831675B CN 201510181886 A CN201510181886 A CN 201510181886A CN 104831675 B CN104831675 B CN 104831675B
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杜浩
杨焕超
危起伟
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of bottom spawning fish bed material demand model construction method, bed material experimental considerations unit is built；The structure of bed material model inherent parameters；The microhabitat pattern measurement of bed material experimental considerations unit；The biological effect test of bed material model：Comprehensive Correlation bed material model parameter, bed material microhabitat parameter and bed material biology effect parameter, the bed material fitness curve of bottom spawning fish is established, filter out the optimal bed material model parameter scope for being suitable for bottom spawning fish.Bed material research model and model parameter assessment system are established for the first time, natural bed material environment is imitated available for building.Realize and effective monitoring and measurement are carried out to the microhabitat parameter inside bed material model.Provide and bed material model optimization screening technique is carried out based on model parameter, internal environment parameter and biological effect parameter.

Description

A kind of bottom spawning fish bed material demand model construction method
Technical field
The invention belongs to Fish behavior ecological study technical field, is related to a kind of bottom spawning fish bed material demand mould Type construction method.
Background technology
Bed material is river biology habitat important physical part, and difference is play in fish difference Life Stages Role and function, such as lay eggs, ingest, conceal, survive the winter.Bed material is characterized in that Habitat for Fish assesses the weight with habitat rehabilitation Want index.Some typical mores fish such as spawning of benthic fishes, bottom fish, bottom ingest fish etc. to bed material according to Rely property stronger, preference and adaptation gradually are formed to different matrix during long-term evolution, and in offspring individuals behavioral development Middle performance.For bottom lays eggs fish, it, which breeds guild type, just a variety of, such as happiness stone, happiness sand, happiness mud, happiness cave, happiness nest Deng.The fish of Steady breed countermeasure are formd after oviposition substrate changes, its natural propagation be likely to because of habitat destruction and Lose and decline or stop.Such as dog salmon salmon fishes, its spawning mode are that embryonated egg is embedded in into certain particle diameter mostly Hatch in chiltern nest, therefore, the size and layout of sand grains determine nest quantity, the stability of nest, the current in nest, Dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen exchange capacity, common deposit will produce shadow to spawning ground function and reproductive effect in the river such as fine sand and mud Ring.Sturgeons also produces viscid egg fish for river bottom, and spawning is to be adhered to its oviposition substrate typically to require hard substrate, requires mostly Cobble, gravel or basement rock etc..The covering of a certain degree of fine sand and bed mud can also influence sturgeon embryonic development survival rate.Therefore, Carry out the great importance that protection, restoration of the ecosystem are inhabited in bottom spawning fish bed material demand model research to it.Particularly At present due to the influence of the projects such as hydraulic engineering, waterway dredging, to the bottom fish such as fish spawning ground, particularly sturgeon, salmon trout The destruction of class spawning ground is more serious, and the bed material demand behaviors for carrying out spawning ground are extremely urgent.At present, carrying out bed material both at home and abroad needs Seek Ecological Investigation and assessment of the general more concerns of research of aspect to the bed material feature of natural section.Due to natural bed material Type is complicated, and the diversity of the layout of different bed materials determines the complexity of bed material demand behaviors.Therefore, attempt herein logical Cross to establish model and measure its characteristic parameter and microhabitat parameter and quantify, established with reference to biology effect experiment and perfect The model of the bed material demand of demersal fishes, so as to breed demand to objective development demersal fishes and improve field investigation research There is important supporting role.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of bottom spawning fish bed material demand model construction method, and the first purpose is to realize laboratory The physical platform of interior bottom spawning fish bed material demand behaviors is designed and built, and is on the other hand by itself thing to platform Manage the measurement of parameter and internal microhabitat parameter, the state modulator of implementation model；Furthermore model is entered by biological experiment Row optimal screening, so as to finally realize the structure of bottom spawning fish bed material physics and mathematical modeling.Research both at home and abroad at present In there has been no research to be directed to propose by establish bed material model carry out laboratory in bed material demand simulation with structure Research method, the parameter control method of bed material model also how is realized without proposition laboratory.This research model structure side Method final purpose is that laboratory or field biological effect data are combined available for the grade of fit feelings for assessing natural stream channel matter Condition.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is a kind of bottom spawning fish bed material demand model construction method, including Following steps,
Step 1, bed material experimental considerations unit is built；
Step 2, bed material model construction；
Step 3, the microhabitat pattern measurement of bed material experimental considerations unit；
Step 4, the biological effect test of bed material model；
Step 5, Comprehensive Correlation bed material model parameter, bed material microhabitat parameter and bed material biology effect parameter, The bed material fitness curve of bottom spawning fish is established, filters out the optimal bed material model ginseng for being suitable for bottom spawning fish Number scope.
It is of the invention to be further characterized in that,
The detailed process of step 1 is：Using PVC material make cuboid-type bed material experimental considerations unit, the two of experimental considerations unit Side is fixed dam, realizes guide functions；It is above empty frames frame, baffle plate can be inserted or set up video camera, water can be with free flow It is logical；Above, the baffle plate of different pore size is inserted with bottom surface below, for adjusting the current in experimental considerations unit, experimental considerations unit bottom has Four leg supports, make experimental considerations unit bottom from water.
The detailed process of step 2 is：By laying the bed material of different-grain diameter or by different-grain diameter in experimental considerations unit Bed material be combined distribution to form different bed material models, the parameter of bed material model has following index：
Bed material size coefficient φ=- log2D/D0, wherein Φ is particle diameter coefficient；D is bed material model shingle bed matter Diameter, D take bed material major diameter, or the average value of major diameter and minor axis；D0For 1 standard unit；
Bed material size coefficient spectrum figure：According to bed material size coefficient, abscissa is bed material size coefficient Φ, indulges and sits It is designated as the accumulated quantity percentage composition of the shingle bed matter less than or greater than certain particle diameter；
Top layer bed material gap：Gap scope in experimental considerations unit between adjacent and non-intersect cobble top layer bed material, system Count maximum gap Dmax, minimum gap DminWith average gap Daverage；
Bed material gap ratio：The ratio between bed material experimental considerations unit gap and bed material volume, reflect the seam between bed material Gap size, determine the water body exchange rate of bed material experimental considerations unit, G=V/V1- 1, G are bed material experimental considerations unit gap and riverbed The ratio between plastid product, the water body volume in experimental considerations unit when surface is just flooded when V is bed material experimental considerations unit submerged, V1 For the volume of bed material, i.e. displacement；
Bed material surface fine sand coverage：Covered by fine sand bed material in gap between bed material model surface shingle bed matter The degree of lid, E=S1/ S, E are coverage coefficient, S1The surface area occupied for fine sand bed material in bed material model area, S are The total surface area in bed material scale-model investigation region.
The detailed process of step 3 is bed material model unit to be placed in cyclic water channel to simulate bed material at riverbed bottom The distribution in portion, by controlling current and water level to build the microhabitat environment of bed material model, for the micro- life in bed material inside Border ambient parameter, by the embedding fine current collection tube inside artificial bed material model, pass through syringe during experiment Go deep into the water body of difference inside catheter interior collection bed material, it is various so as to enter trip temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, non-ionic ammonia, pH Water quality index monitors；Based on fish embryo developing environment factor of influence consider, microhabitat monitoring index have temperature, flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, Ammonia nitrogen, pH, non-ionic ammonia parameter, or other water body parameter testings are carried out as needed.
The detailed process of step 4 is natural imitation reproductive status, lays different-grain diameter bed material, embryonated egg is spread at random It is located in bed material, carries out adhesion hatching experiment, control water temperature, current, periodically the riverbed microhabitat factor is measured；To river The saturation of embryonated egg, embryo adhere to expulsion rate, embryonic development survival rate, hatching emergence rate and carry out statistical in bed matter model Analysis, the biological effect of comparative analysis bed material model.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1. the construction method of the present invention establishes bed material research model and model parameter assessment system for the first time, available for seeking Make imitative natural bed material environment.
2. the construction method of the present invention provides realization to bed material model inherent parameters and internal microhabitat parameter first The method for carrying out effective monitoring and measurement.
Carried out 3. the construction method of the present invention provides based on model parameter, internal environment parameter and biological effect parameter Bed material model optimization screening technique.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the bed material size coefficient spectrum figure of two kinds of models.
Embodiment
A kind of bottom spawning fish bed material demand model construction method of the present invention, is specifically followed the steps below：
Step 1, bed material experimental considerations unit is built：
Cuboid-type bed material experimental considerations unit is made using PVC material, the two sides of experimental considerations unit are fixed dam, can be with Realize guide functions；It is above empty frames frame, is available for video camera to record, baffle plate can also be inserted, water can be with free flow；Above, It is the baffle plate for being inserted with different pore size with bottom surface below, for adjusting the current in experimental considerations unit, four branch are arranged at experimental considerations unit bottom Pin supports, and experimental considerations unit bottom is advantageous to water body from water and is exchanged and monitor；
Step 2, bed material model construction：
By laying the bed material of different-grain diameter or being combined the bed material of different-grain diameter point in experimental considerations unit For cloth to form different bed material models, the parameter of bed material model has following index：
Bed material size coefficient φ=- log2D/D0, wherein Φ is particle diameter coefficient；D is bed material model shingle bed matter Diameter, D take bed material major diameter, or the average value of major diameter and minor axis；D0For 1 standard unit；
Bed material size coefficient spectrum figure：According to bed material size coefficient, abscissa is bed material size coefficient Φ, indulges and sits It is designated as the accumulated quantity percentage composition of the shingle bed matter less than or greater than certain particle diameter；It reflects each grain in bed material model The relative amount in footpath, it is the geometric figure of reflection bed material size gradation composition directly perceived；
Top layer bed material gap：Gap scope in experimental considerations unit between adjacent and non-intersect cobble top layer bed material, system Count maximum gap Dmax, minimum gap DminWith average gap Daverage；
Bed material gap ratio：The ratio between bed material experimental considerations unit gap and bed material volume, reflect the seam between bed material Gap size, determine the water body exchange rate of bed material experimental considerations unit, G=V/V1- 1, G are bed material experimental considerations unit gap and riverbed The ratio between plastid product, the water body volume in experimental considerations unit when surface is just flooded when V is bed material experimental considerations unit submerged, V1 For the volume of bed material, i.e. displacement；
Bed material surface fine sand coverage：Covered by fine sand bed material in gap between bed material model surface shingle bed matter The degree of lid, E=S1/ S, E are coverage coefficient, S1The surface area occupied for fine sand bed material in bed material model area, S are The total surface area in bed material scale-model investigation region；
Step 3, the microhabitat pattern measurement of bed material experimental considerations unit：
Bed material model unit is placed in cyclic water channel to simulate distribution of the bed material in riverbed bottom, passes through control The microhabitat environment of current and water level structure bed material model processed, for bed material inside microhabitat ambient parameter, by people Embedding fine current collection tube inside work bed material model, catheter interior is goed deep into by syringe during can testing and gathers river The water body of difference inside bed matter, so as to enter the various correlation water index prisons such as trip temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, non-ionic ammonia, pH Survey；Considered based on fish embryo developing environment factor of influence, microhabitat monitoring index is mainly provided with temperature, flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia Nitrogen, pH, non-ionic ammonia parameter, the test of other water body parameters can also be carried out as needed；
Step 4, the biological effect test of bed material model：
Natural imitation reproductive status, different-grain diameter bed material is laid, embryonated egg is laid in bed material at random, glued Attached hatching experiment, control water temperature, current, is periodically measured to the riverbed microhabitat factor；To embryonated egg in bed material model Saturation, embryo adhere to expulsion rate, embryonic development survival rate, hatching emergence rate and carry out statistical analysis, comparative analysis bed material mould The biological effect of type；
Step 5, Comprehensive Correlation bed material model parameter, bed material microhabitat parameter and bed material biology effect parameter, The bed material fitness curve of bottom spawning fish is established, filters out the optimal bed material model ginseng for being suitable for bottom spawning fish Number scope.
Step 1-2 is the process how model builds, and step 3-4 is the parameter system of model, and step 5 is Optimized model.
The positive effect of the present invention is：
1. establishing bed material research model and model parameter assessment system for the first time, natural bed material is imitated available for building Environment.
2. the side for realizing and effective monitoring and measurement being carried out to the physical environment parameter inside bed material model is provided first Method.
Bed material model optimization sieve is carried out based on model parameter, internal environment parameter and biological effect parameter 3. providing Choosing method.Micro- life of the bottom spawning fish bed material demand model so that acipenser dabryanus lays eggs bed material model construction as an example of embodiment 1 Mirror properties study method, is specifically followed the steps below：
Step 1, bed material experimental considerations unit is built.
Step 2, bed material model construction：In experimental considerations unit two are formed by laying 2cm-10cm particle diameter shingle beds matter Kind bed material model.The parameter of both bed material models has following index：
According to bed material size coefficient φ=- log2D/D0, the cobble structure of both bed material models is consistent, all has Different size of cobble 143 (following tables), according to the average diameter (cobble particle diameter) of cobble, converse the particle diameter coefficient of bed material Such as following table.
Two kinds of bed material models are consistent because cobble is formed, therefore both have an identical particle diameter coefficient spectrum figure, two kinds Bed material size coefficient spectrum figure such as Fig. 1 of model：
Bed material gap ratio is：
By the random distribution to two kinds of bed materials in experimental considerations unit, can be formed two kinds of different gaps than bed material Model, according to gap than calculation formula G=V/V1- 1, the gap of two kinds of models can be calculated than respectively G1=0.347；G2= 0.512；
By measurement, measuring top layer bed material slot parameter is
D1max=6.7mm, D1min=0.8mm D1mean=2.3mm
D2max=12.2mm, D2min=1.3mm D2mean=4.7mm
Bed material surface fine sand coverage, E=S1/ S, E are coverage coefficient, because the two model surfaces do not have fine sand to fill out Plug, i.e. S1The small particle bed material such as fine sand surface area is 0, therefore the filling degree E1=E2=0 of the two models
Step 3, the microhabitat pattern measurement of bed material experimental considerations unit：By bed material model unit be placed in cyclic water channel with Distribution of the bed material in riverbed bottom is simulated, by controlling current and water level to build the microhabitat environment of bed material model.
By the way that long needle applicator to be deep into current collection tube embedding inside artificial bed material model, quickly by river The water of difference takes out inside bed matter, so as to carry out the monitoring of the water quality such as dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, non-ionic ammonia, pH index of correlation.Test knot Fruit is as follows：
The test result of model one：
The test result of model two
Step 4, the biological effect test of bed material model：To assess the bed material demand of spawning, different-grain diameter is laid Bed material, the embryonated egg of collection is laid in bed material at random, carries out adhesion hatching experiment, control water temperature, current are periodically right The riverbed microhabitat factor measures.Expulsion rate, embryonic development survival rate, hatching are adhered to bed material model saturation, embryo Emergence rate carries out statistical analysis, the biological effect of comparative analysis bed material model, so as to draw the grade of fit of bed material.
Model one, the incubating oosperm situation biometrics of model two
Model one Model two
Embryonated egg quantity 500 500
Come off ovum number after adhesion 121 83
Neurula period survival rate 289 214
Emergence rate 178 tails 127 tails
General effect It is excellent Difference
Step 5, Comprehensive Correlation bed material model parameter, bed material microhabitat parameter and bed material biology effect parameter, Which kind of bed material model can be filtered out it is more suitable for the development of fertilized ova of acipenser dabryanus and survives.From the point of view of two kinds of model contrast experiments, For both models in addition to Pebble gap has notable difference, other model parameters are consistent.With reference to biological data, model One is more beneficial for acipenser dabryanus embryonic development, by data comparison, can analyze that to show that Pebble gap has ultimately resulted in embryonated egg attached The difference, result in the difference of bed material model water environment parameter, accordingly, it is possible to cause embryonic development and emergence rate not Together, therefore, tested by the two, it can be deduced that demand of the acipenser dabryanus embryonic development to substrate gap.Likewise, by multiple Experiment, can analyze the influence to embryonic development such as Pebble gap filling degree, cobble particle diameter, may finally establish the river of acipenser dabryanus Bed matter grade of fit demand, filters out the optimal bed material model for being suitable for acipenser dabryanus, the research method can carry out sturgeon, salmon The spawning ground bed material demand behaviors of the bottoms such as fish spawning fish.

Claims (5)

  1. The fish bed material demand model construction method 1. a kind of bottom is laid eggs, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    Step 1, bed material experimental considerations unit is built；
    Step 2, bed material model construction；
    Step 3, the microhabitat pattern measurement of bed material experimental considerations unit；
    Step 4, the biological effect test of bed material model；
    Step 5, Comprehensive Correlation bed material model parameter, bed material microhabitat parameter and bed material biology effect parameter, establish The bed material fitness curve of bottom spawning fish, filters out the optimal bed material model parameter model for being suitable for bottom spawning fish Enclose.
  2. A kind of 2. bottom spawning fish bed material demand model construction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute Stating the detailed process of step 1 is：Cuboid-type bed material experimental considerations unit is made using PVC material, the two sides of experimental considerations unit are Fixed dam, realize guide functions；It is above empty frames frame, baffle plate can be inserted or set up video camera, water can be with free flow；Before Face, the baffle plate for being inserted with different pore size with bottom surface below, for adjusting the current in experimental considerations unit, four branch are arranged at experimental considerations unit bottom Pin supports, and makes experimental considerations unit bottom from water.
  3. A kind of 3. bottom spawning fish bed material demand model construction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute Stating the detailed process of step 2 is：By laying the bed material of different-grain diameter or the riverbed by different-grain diameter in experimental considerations unit Matter is combined distribution to form different bed material models, and the parameter of bed material model has following index：
    Bed material size coefficient φ=- log2D/D0, wherein Φ is particle diameter coefficient；D is the straight of bed material model shingle bed matter Footpath, D take bed material major diameter, or the average value of major diameter and minor axis；D0For 1 standard unit；
    Bed material size coefficient spectrum figure：According to bed material size coefficient, abscissa is bed material size coefficient Φ, and ordinate is Less than or greater than the accumulated quantity percentage composition of the shingle bed matter of certain particle diameter；
    Top layer bed material gap：Gap scope in experimental considerations unit between adjacent and non-intersect cobble top layer bed material, statistics is most Big gap Dmax, minimum gap DminWith average gap Daverage；
    Bed material gap ratio：The ratio between bed material experimental considerations unit gap and bed material volume, the gap reflected between bed material is big It is small, determine the water body exchange rate of bed material experimental considerations unit, G=V/V1- 1, G are bed material experimental considerations unit gap and riverbed plastid The ratio between product, the water body volume in experimental considerations unit when surface is just flooded when V is bed material experimental considerations unit submerged, V1For river The volume of bed matter, i.e. displacement；
    Bed material surface fine sand coverage：What the gap between bed material model surface shingle bed matter was covered by fine sand bed material Degree, E=S1/ S, E are coverage coefficient, S1The surface area occupied for fine sand bed material in bed material model area, S are riverbed The total surface area in matter scale-model investigation region.
  4. A kind of 4. bottom spawning fish bed material demand model construction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute Stating the detailed process of step 3 is, bed material model unit is placed in cyclic water channel to simulate point of the bed material in riverbed bottom Cloth state, by controlling current and water level to build the microhabitat environment of bed material model, for bed material inside microhabitat environment Parameter, by the embedding fine current collection tube inside artificial bed material model, deeply led by syringe during experiment The water body of collection bed material inside difference, refers to so as to enter the various water quality of trip temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, non-ionic ammonia, pH inside pipe Mark monitoring；Based on fish embryo developing environment factor of influence consider, microhabitat monitoring index have temperature, flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, PH, non-ionic ammonia parameter, or other water body parameter testings are carried out as needed.
  5. A kind of 5. bottom spawning fish bed material demand model construction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute Stating the detailed process of step 4 is, natural imitation reproductive status, lays different-grain diameter bed material, embryonated egg is laid on into river at random In bed matter, adhesion hatching experiment is carried out, control water temperature, current, periodically the riverbed microhabitat factor is measured；To bed material mould The saturation of embryonated egg, embryo adhere to expulsion rate, embryonic development survival rate, hatching emergence rate and carry out statistical analysis, contrast in type Analyze the biological effect of bed material model.
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CN106719129B (en) * 2016-11-25 2020-01-10 淮阴师范学院 Method for constructing model for influencing egg yolk utilization rate of pseudobagrus ussuriensis juvenile fish by temperature and photoperiod

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CN103355250A (en) * 2013-07-12 2013-10-23 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 Underwater video observation positioning device and spawning scale evaluation method for Chinese sturgeon spawning ground
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RU2386248C2 (en) * 2008-06-23 2010-04-20 Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.С. Северцева Российской академии наук (ИПЭЭ РАН) Method of spawn incubation in artificial nests-incubators arranged in rivers
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