CN104822961A - Electric parking brake device - Google Patents

Electric parking brake device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104822961A
CN104822961A CN201380062835.3A CN201380062835A CN104822961A CN 104822961 A CN104822961 A CN 104822961A CN 201380062835 A CN201380062835 A CN 201380062835A CN 104822961 A CN104822961 A CN 104822961A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
plunger
solenoid
parking
electric
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201380062835.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
增田唯
西川明良
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NTN Corp
Original Assignee
NTN Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NTN Corp filed Critical NTN Corp
Publication of CN104822961A publication Critical patent/CN104822961A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D63/00—Brakes not otherwise provided for; Brakes combining more than one of the types of groups F16D49/00 - F16D61/00
    • F16D63/006—Positive locking brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/005—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles by locking of wheel or transmission rotation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/741—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on an ultimate actuator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/003—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring position, not involving coordinate determination
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/24—Electric or magnetic using motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
    • F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
    • F16D2125/40—Screw-and-nut
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/44—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting rotation
    • F16D2125/46—Rotating members in mutual engagement
    • F16D2125/48—Rotating members in mutual engagement with parallel stationary axes, e.g. spur gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/44—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting rotation
    • F16D2125/46—Rotating members in mutual engagement
    • F16D2125/50—Rotating members in mutual engagement with parallel non-stationary axes, e.g. planetary gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2127/00—Auxiliary mechanisms
    • F16D2127/06—Locking mechanisms, e.g. acting on actuators, on release mechanisms or on force transmission mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2129/00—Type of operation source for auxiliary mechanisms
    • F16D2129/06—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2129/08—Electromagnets

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an electric parking brake device, electrical power loss is low when detecting the displacement or position of a plunger without providing a sensor, and the mounting space is also caused to be low. A resonance capacitor (54) is connected to the coil (37) of a solenoid (9), forming a resonance circuit, and a drive current to which is superposed a resonance frequency is input to the solenoid (9) forming the resonance circuit. As a result, when the position of the plunger (10) within the coil (37) changes, the inductance of the coil (37) changes, and the resonance frequency moves. From said change, the position or displacement of the plunger (10) is detected without providing a sensor, and so the installation space thereof is not required. In such a manner, a resonance output is superposed and the changes in detection value (changes in resonance point) of both ends of the solenoid (9) are detected, and so a large electrical power is not required and losses are low.

Description

Electric parking and braking device
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electric parking and braking device employing dynamo-electric brake.
Background technique
As the electric parking device employing dynamo-electric brake, there is the electric disc braking device of patent documentation 1.
This braking device proposes the parking and braking mechanism employing solenoidal automobile.
Next, to the mechanism section of this braking device, owing to being configured to the structure roughly the same with the electric parking and braking device of the application, so use the Fig. 1 of the mode of execution representing the application to be described.
As shown in Figure 1, braking device is made up of dynamo-electric brake 1 and parking unit 2.
Dynamo-electric brake 1 is configured to be connected to electric motor 3 and the structure of straight-moving mechanism 4 via reducing gear 5, is pressed by the braking plate 6a being installed on straight-moving mechanism 4 and brake by the rotation of said motor 3 to brake disc 7.
On the other hand, parking unit 2 is configured to, and is made up of, makes plunger 10 action of solenoid 9, and make the engaging part 8 of the front end being arranged at plunger 10 engage with above-mentioned reducing gear 5 and enter line-locked structure engaging part 8 and solenoid 9.
But, make the structure that the foundation brakes of automobile (foot brake) is integrated with Parking Brake like this, there is following problem.
Such as, when removing parking unit 2, if motor 3 is separated front action in engaging part 8 from reducing gear 5, then because of the braking torque that the motor 3 of action brings, cause solenoid 9 and engaging part 8 or the plunger 10 of engaging part 8 be installed together damaged.On the contrary, when making Parking Brake action, if plunger 10 does not arrive the position of regulation, then engage power not enough, thus Parking Brake is failure to actuate.Therefore, must detect the position of plunger 10 or displacement.
As the method solved the above problems, consider to have to configure Secondary coil coaxially with the coil 37 of solenoid 9, and to the method that the position of plunger 10 is detected.
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2012-087889 publication
But, arranging separately in the method for sensor as mentioned above, needing Secondary coil to be configured at the limited position coaxial with solenoidal coil, therefore can expect needing to guarantee the problem that the installation of the problem of installation space, wiring system is complicated etc.
In addition, due to additional sensor, components number increases, and therefore the risk of fault also increases.
As the method solving this problem, such as, consider have solenoid applying alternating voltage, thus the change of the inductance produced the displacement by plunger detects.
That is, if solenoid connects ac power supply e, then
e＝(r+jωL)×i。
Herein, if ac power supply to be set to output resistance r<<|j ω L|, then
E=ω Li (i: the constand current of ac power supply).
Therefore, become
L＝e/ωi＝e/2πfi，
Thus can detect inductance L.
Now, the magnetic flux of solenoidal inductance L and interlinkage is proportional.Therefore, inductance L changes accordingly with the magnetic of movement that is the displacement of plunger in solenoid.Therefore, inductance L is detected, thus can detect the displacement of plunger.Like this, do not arrange sensor just can detect the displacement of plunger or calculate position according to the displacement detected.
But, in the methods described above, in order to carry out detecting, alternating voltage is applied to solenoid.But, under solenoid is the solenoidal situation of DC, even if apply alternating voltage, do not play as solenoidal function yet.
Therefore, in DC solenoid, such as, if carry out switching direct current (d.c.) and alternating voltage, and implement the control by the capable detection of timesharing contraposition shift-in, then solenoid can be made to play function, again can the capable detection of contraposition shift-in.
But, in the methods described above, by timesharing, switch direct current (d.c.) and alternating voltage and be supplied to solenoid, being therefore difficult to carry out the switching in the short time.In addition, the generation of the noise caused because of switching can also be expected.
Further, the voltage source of supply alternating voltage must export the alternating voltage possessing and be suitable for amplitude and the frequency detected, and therefore also there is the problem produced along with changing the loss brought.Especially, when for vehicle, utilize battery to drive, therefore there is the problem wanting to reduce above-mentioned loss.
Further, if produce loss like this, then also must possessing the radiating fin for making loss leave, also needing the space for carrying for the circuit of alternating-current voltage source.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, problem of the present invention is, does not arrange sensor and can detect the position of plunger or displacement.And now, loss is few, and mounting space is also little.
In order to solve above-mentioned problem, in the present invention, adopt electric parking and braking device, be made up of dynamo-electric brake and parking unit, electric motor and straight-moving mechanism is connected via reducing gear in above-mentioned dynamo-electric brake, by the rotation of said motor, the friction means being installed on straight-moving mechanism is pressed on brake disc to brake, above-mentioned parking unit makes engaging part engage with above-mentioned reducing gear by the action of solenoidal plunger to lock, above-mentioned electric parking and braking device possesses: oscillating unit, the vibration of required frequency is made to export the solenoidal input being overlapped in above-mentioned parking unit, and processing unit, the change according to the checkout value at the two ends of solenoid estimates the position of solenoidal plunger or displacement.
By adopting above-mentioned structure, for solenoid, if the position relationship of the plunger of coil and coil inside changes, then the changing impedance of coil.Now, the impedance of coil is by X l=r+j ω L (L: the inductance of coil) represents.Therefore, if export in the vibration of the overlapping required frequency of solenoidal input, and the change (such as, the change of self-resonant point) of checkout value to the two ends of solenoid detects, then do not arrange sensor and just can estimate the position of plunger or displacement.
Because so overlapping vibration exports, the switching therefore not producing direct current (d.c.) and alternating voltage, the problem of noise caused because of switching.In addition, owing to exporting in the vibration of direct current overlap, and the change (such as, the change of self-resonant point) of checkout value to the two ends of solenoid detects, and therefore vibration exports does not need large electric power, thus loss is also few, does not also need installation space.
Now, can adopt in the structure of above-mentioned solenoidal coil connection for the formation of the capacitor of resonant circuit.
By adopting above-mentioned structure, connecting capacitor at solenoidal coil and forming resonant circuit, if thus the change in location of the plunger of coil inside, then the inductance change of coil, thus variation of resonant frequency (movement).Therefore, along with the change (movement) of resonant frequency, to the checkout value change that the vibration being overlapped in frequency needed for solenoidal input exports, therefore according to the change of this checkout value, sensor is not set separately and just can estimates the position of plunger or displacement.
Now, can to adopt the oscillation frequency of above-mentioned oscillating unit relative to the solenoidal frequency setting of on-off is high structure.
By adopting above-mentioned structure, oscillation frequency being set as the frequency that can respond than solenoid is high, thus the output of oscillating unit can be made not affect by solenoidal action.
In addition, now, the structure that the overhang of difference to engaging part of the position of plunger deduced when can adopt the position of the plunger deduced when being switched on according to above-mentioned solenoid and be disconnected estimates.
By adopting above-mentioned structure, can judge according to the engaging situation of the overhang of engaging part to engaging part, therefore sensor not being set and just can detecting the operating state of Parking Brake.
In addition, now, can adopt before above-mentioned parking unit carries out action, solenoidal coil input plunger is not produced to the mensuration electric current of displacement, the temperature of solenoidal coil is calculated based on measured load now, and based on the structure that the estimated position of temperature to plunger of the above-mentioned coil calculated corrects.
By adopting above-mentioned structure, not producing the small mensuration electric current of the degree of displacement at solenoidal coil input plunger, thus, such as, calculating the resistance value of coil according to mensuration voltage now.Then, according to this resistance value, use and make use of the inside temperature to the coil after energising such as the electric-resistivity method of the temperature coefficient of copper and estimate, consider to be risen by this temperature and bring the attraction force of coil, the reduction of confining force, the estimated position of plunger is corrected.
In addition, now, can adopt and carry out action in said motor and make in the process of straight-moving mechanism action, at regular intervals the position of plunger be calculated, thus to the structure that the maintenance of the separated state from reducing gear separation of engaging part confirms.
By adopting above-mentioned structure, every the certain hour shorter than the solenoidal action cycle, the position of plunger is detected, thus successively detecting from the separated state of reducing gear separation engaging part.Accordingly, confirm the fastening state caused by the misoperation of parking unit all the time according to above-mentioned separated state, thus ensure Security.
Can adopt and carry out action at above-mentioned solenoid and make in the process of parking unit action, at regular intervals the position of plunger be calculated, thus to the structure that the maintenance of the fastening state engaged with reducing gear of engaging part confirms.
By adopting above-mentioned structure, detecting with the certain position of cycle to plunger shorter than the solenoidal action cycle, thus the fastening state of engaging part and reducing gear is successively detected.Accordingly, the fastening state that engaging part engages with reducing gear is confirmed all the time, thus ensure Security.
In addition, now, the automobile having carried above-mentioned electric parking and braking device can be provided.
In addition, now, can adopt and the lateral acceleration sensor detected the acceleration of transverse direction is set at above-mentioned automobile, the structure that the position of value to the solenoidal plunger of electric parking and braking device detected based on above-mentioned lateral acceleration sensor estimates.
By adopting above-mentioned structure, if lateral acceleration sensor detects from the impact be laterally subject to (such as, collision etc.), then export with the detection of the sensor and accordingly the position of solenoidal plunger is estimated, thus the error caused because of impact is revised.
The present invention is formed as mentioned above, thus can avoid and that cause accident bad by solenoidal action.In addition, now, sensor is not set separately and the capable detection of contraposition shift-in, thus the minimizing of size, cost can be realized.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of mode of execution.
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional view of the straight-moving mechanism of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the longitudinal sectional view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the solenoidal sectional view of Fig. 1.
The Action Specification figure of Fig. 5 (a) to be the Action Specification figure of Fig. 1, Fig. 5 (b) be major component of Fig. 5 (a).
Fig. 6 is the circuit block diagram of mode of execution.
The Action Specification figure of Fig. 7 (a) to be the Action Specification figure of mode of execution, Fig. 7 (b) be mode of execution.
Fig. 8 is the Action Specification figure of mode of execution.
Fig. 9 is the circuit block diagram of embodiment 4.
Figure 10 is the block diagram of other modes representing embodiment 4.
Embodiment
Below, be described for implementing mode of the present invention based on accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the electric parking and braking device of the manner is made up of the disk brake actuator 1 of automobile and the parking unit 2 that employs solenoid 9.
Disk brake actuator is configured to, and via reducing gear 5 connecting motor 3 and straight-moving mechanism 4, and the braking plate 6a being installed on above-mentioned straight-moving mechanism 4 is pressed on the structure of brake disc 7.
Motor 3 adopts d.c. motor herein, and the reversible operation of motor 3 can be carried out simply by means of only making the polarity inversion of power supply.
As shown in Figure 2, straight-moving mechanism 4 is made up of outer collar members 11, bearing part 12 and planet carrier 13, and is contained in cylindric housing 14.In addition, as shown in Figure 1, in one end of the housing 14 of cylindrical shape, radial outside is provided with substrate 15, the structure of opening quilt cover 16 covering of the outer side surface of this substrate 15 and one end of housing 14.Further, at substrate 15, motor 3 is installed, the rotation of motor 3, is passed to running shaft 17 by the reducing gear 5 be assembled in above-mentioned cover 16.
On the other hand, as shown in Figure 1, caliper body (caliper body) 18 is installed integratedly in the other end of housing 14.This caliper body 18 is configured to, and in the both sides of brake disc 7 of a part being configured with peripheral part, arranges fixing braking plate 6b and movable braking plate 6a, this movable braking plate 6a is linked to the other end of outer collar members 11 and is integrated.
Outer collar members 11 is assembled as slide member, cannot rotate and can move freely to axis along the aperture surface of housing 14.In addition, as shown in Figure 2, the aperture surface of outer collar members 11 is provided with section to be in the shape of the letter V and spiral ridge 19.
Bearing part 12 is the discoid parts arranging jut at central part, and is assembled in the end side of the axis of above-mentioned outer collar members 11.In addition, in the jut of the central part of this bearing part 12, be assembled with a pair rolling bearing 20 at spaced intervals, by this rolling bearing 20, the running shaft 17 be configured on the axle center of outer collar members 11 supported as can freely rotate.This assembled bearing part 12, by being installed on the limited ring 21 of the inner peripheral surface of housing 14, prevents cover 16 side to the opening end of covering shell 14 from moving.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, planet carrier 13 is formed by axially opposed a pair dish 13a, 13b, multiple interval adjustment component 13c and multiple roll shaft 13d.Be supported with planet wheel 13e at multiple roll shaft 13d in the mode that can freely rotate, and the mode that can rotate centered by running shaft is assembled in the inner side of outer collar members 11.
Namely, planet carrier 13 is the structure being circumferentially provided with multiple interval adjustment component 13c at the one side peripheral part of the dish 13a of a side towards the dish 13b of the opposing party at spaced intervals, and is linked opposed a pair dish 13a, 13b by the fastening of the screw of the end face that screws in this interval adjustment component 13c.
The inner side dish 13b being positioned at bearing part 12 side in this pair dish 13a, 13b, the sliding bearing 22 be assembled between running shaft 17 supports as can freely rotate, and can to moving axially.
On the other hand, outside dish 13a is formed with the shaft insertion hole 23 be made up of shoulder hole at central part, and the sliding bearing 24 be embedded in this shaft insertion hole 23 is supported as can freely rotate by running shaft 17.This running shaft 17 chimeric have adjoin with the end face outside of sliding bearing 24 and bear the metal washer 25 of thrust load, this packing ring 25 carries out anticreep by the back-up ring 26 being installed on the shaft end of running shaft 17.
In addition, multiple roll shaft 13d respectively shaft end is inserted be formed at a pair dish the shaft insertion hole 27 be made up of elongated hole in and be supported to and can radially move freely, and to be biased towards radial direction by the elastic ring 28 set up by the mode of this roll shaft 13d that reels.Planet wheel 13e is supported with in the mode that can freely rotate respectively at the plurality of roll shaft 13d.
As shown in Figure 3, planet wheel 13e is configured to configure and the structure be assembled between the outer diameter face of running shaft 17 and the aperture surface of outer collar members 11 respectively, as mentioned above, roll shaft 13d between the aperture surface being assembled in outer collar members 11, by the elastic ring 28 hanging on shaft end press on running shaft 17 outer diameter face and with its Elastic Contact.Therefore, if above-mentioned running shaft 17 rotates, then roll shaft 13d is rotated by the contact friction relative to the outer diameter face of this running shaft 17.
In addition, as shown in Figure 2, be equally spaced formed with in the outer diameter face of planet wheel 13e multiple spiral chutes 29 that section is V shape vertically.The spacing of this spiral chute 29 is identical with the above-mentioned spacing being arranged at the spiral ridge 19 of outer collar members 11, screws togather with this spiral ridge 19.In addition, replace spiral chute 29, also can equally spaced form multiple circumferential groove vertically with the spacing identical with spiral ridge 19.
As shown in Figure 2, between the opposed portion of the axis of the inner side dish 13b of these planet wheels 13e and planet carrier 13, be assembled with packing ring 30 and thrust-bearing 31.Further, between the opposed portion of the axis of planet carrier 13 and bearing part 12, be assembled with the thrust plate 32 of ring-type, between this thrust plate 32 and bearing part 12, be assembled with thrust-bearing 33.
The opening of the opening the other end towards the outside of the other end from housing 14 of outer collar members 11 is closed by the installation of seal closure 34, thus it is inner to prevent foreign matter from invading.
As shown in Figure 1, reducing gear 5 is slowed down successively by reducing gear train G1 → secondary speed-reducing train of gearings G2 → tri-time reducing gear train G3 rotation of input gear to the rotor shaft being installed on motor 3 and output gear 35 to the wheel end being installed on running shaft 17 transmits, thus running shaft 17 is rotated.
The parking unit 2 that can the rotor shaft of motor 3 be locked and be unlocked is provided with at this reducing gear 5.
The solenoid 9 that parking unit 2 is driven by stop pin and the pin as engaging part 8 is formed.As shown in Figure 4, the solenoid 9 that pin drives, for becoming the actuator of push-press type at linear electromagnetic coil (DC: direct current) built-in Returnning spring 36, is configured to the structure installed in the front end of plunger 10 as the stop pin of engaging part 8.
Therefore, if be energized to solenoid 9, then have turn-on current in coil 37 flowing, thus plunger 10 is attracted.
Its result, the stop pin 8 of front end overcomes Returnning spring 36 and gives prominence to from solenoid 9 (bobbin).In addition, if stop energising, then plunger 10 is drawn by spring 36, thus the stop pin 8 of plunger 10 front end is contained in solenoid 9 (bobbin).
This solenoid 9 is contained in and is formed with at header board 38 safety cover 40 stop pin 8 being supported the pin-and-hole 39 for being free to slide, and as shown in Figure 1, solenoid 9 is supported on substrate 15 and is configured between housing 14 and motor 3.
Like this, solenoid 9 is configured between housing 14 and motor 3, thus the stop pin 8 of the front end of plunger 10 can be retreated relative to the intermediate gear 41 of the outlet side of secondary speed-reducing train of gearings G2.
As shown in Fig. 5 (a), this intermediate gear 41 in side at equal intervals and in same round shape be provided with multiple stop hole 42, by solenoid 9, stop pin 8 is retreated relative to the plurality of stop hole 42.And, as shown in Fig. 5 (b), be configured to, by the engaging of stop pin 8 relative to stop hole 42, enter line-locked structure to intermediate gear 41.
In addition, in this approach, the stop pin front end at plunger 10 being provided as to engaging part 8 describes, but plunger 10 and stop pin 8 also can form engaging part 8.In addition, obviously also plunger 10 can be used as engaging part 8 itself.
As shown in Figure 6, this electric parking and braking device is provided with solenoid displacement detecting unit 50.
As shown in the schematic diagram of Fig. 6, solenoid displacement detecting unit 50 is configured to, by solenoid 9 and switch element (herein, for NPN transistor) 51 to be connected in series and the drive circuit 53 of the solenoid 9 of the locking device for a vehicle be connected with power supply 52, the structure of resonant circuit electricity container 54, displacement detector 55, current detecting unit 56 and control gear 57 is set.
Herein, as mentioned above, solenoid 9 is made up of coil 37 and the plunger 10 being inserted through coil 37.
In addition, as shown in Figure 6, power supply 52 is made up of DC electrical source 58 and oscillating unit 59, has supplied in direct current overlap the output of the frequency content of position probing.Now, the level of optimized frequency composition is little fully compared with flip-flop, and frequency is high fully compared with solenoidal operating frequency.Accordingly, the impact of the frequency content of position probing does not relate to the action of solenoid 9.
Switch element 51 is the transistor switching circuit that solenoid 9 drives, and is used in the earthed-emitter circuit arranging NPN transistor between solenoid 9 and ground connection.In addition, herein, show the example employing NPN transistor, but also can use PNP transistor.In this case, PNP transistor is configured between power supply 52 and solenoid 9.In addition, replace transistor, also can use FET (comprising MOS type).
Current detecting unit 56 is such as made up of the current detecting resistor be inserted between the emitter of transistor of above-mentioned switch element 51 and ground connection, and detects the electric current that the coil 37 at solenoid 9 flows according to the potential difference produced by this resistor.Herein, use the resistor of current detecting at current detecting unit 56, but be not limited to this.In addition, also CT etc. can be used.
Control gear 57 is the microcontroller of ECU (Engine Control Unit control unit of engine) etc., possesses the peripheral circuits such as A/D converter, imput output circuit, time circuit.The input of this control gear 57 exports with the detection of current detecting unit 56 and is connected.On the other hand, the output of control gear 57 is connected with the transistor of switch element 51, and forms current control loop.Therefore, it is possible to control based on the opening and closing of output to above-mentioned switch element 51 of current detecting unit.In addition, even if also Direct driver can be carried out to solenoid 9 for the [constant that the battery of vehicle is such.
The input of this control gear 57 is connected with parking switch (not shown), ECU (other not shown ECU), thus controls based on the action of input to Parking Brake from parking switch, ECU.
Further, the input of control gear 57 is connected with displacement detector 55, thus as described later, estimates the operating state of the plunger 10 of solenoid 9.
As shown in Figure 6, resonant circuit electricity container 54 is connected in parallel with the coil 37 of solenoid 9 and forms resonant circuit (parallel resonance circuit).By adopting parallel resonance circuit like this, thus eliminate electric current by coil 37 and the phase difference of resonant circuit electricity container 54, and do not make resonance current flow to outside resonant circuit.
In addition, the stray capacity of the coil 37 of solenoid 9 also can be expected making to carry out designing as the mode that resonance electricity container plays function and omit above-mentioned capacitor 54.
Displacement detector 55 is made up of eliminator and rectification circuit (detection), is connected to the two ends of solenoid 9.Eliminator is the band-pass filter utilizing frequency centered by above-mentioned resonant frequency, for tackling noise.
Rectification circuit possesses smoothing circuit, carries out rectification and makes it level and smooth, thus exported by the level that resonance exports as VDC wave filter output.Now, in order to improve detection sensitivity, also amplification circuit can be set at displacement detector.
In addition, also by arranging peak holding circuit, can reset with some cycles, thus replace smoothing circuit, and the level that resonance exports as VDC is exported.
Which is formed as mentioned above, in the locking device for a vehicle of the application, when from power connection, disconnection solenoid 9, as shown in Fig. 7 (a), Fig. 7 (b), supplies the overlap electric current of alternating signal.
Herein, for superimposed alternating component, the frequency content of the resonant frequency formed by solenoid 9 and resonant circuit electricity container 54 as position probing is supplied.In addition, herein, as shown in Figure 6, at the nearby connection displacement detector 55 of switch element 51, therefore in displacement detector 55, even if when switch element 51 disconnects, also input has alternating signal.Therefore, such as, with the plunger 10 of solenoid 9 be reset spring 36 draw and be positioned at outside (outermost point) of coil (bobbin) 37 time inductance be that benchmark is to resonant frequency ω 0set.
Overlapping above-mentioned resonant frequency ω 0supply electric current, controlled device 57 is supplied to solenoid 9 via switch element 51.So the flip-flop of solenoid link excess current carries out action, thus overcome Returnning spring 36 plunger 10 is attracted in coil 37.
Now, the resonant circuit formed by solenoid 9 and resonant circuit electricity container 54, such as, have the resonance frequency characteristic that the f1 of Fig. 8 is such.
Therefore, if plunger 10 moves, and plunger 10 is changed relative to the position relationship of coil 37, then the inductance change of coil 37.Its result, the inductance change of coil 37, and make the resonant frequency ω of resonant circuit 0change.Such as, if plunger 10 is accommodated in coil 37 (bobbin), then inductance increases, and therefore resonant frequency is as ω 0→ ω 0' reduce like that.So, as shown in Figure 8, resonance frequency characteristic movement as (α) ~ (β).
Therefore, the point of resonance ω detected by displacement detector 55 0gain such as reduce as A ~ B.
As above, if plunger 10 moves, then change in gain, therefore, it is possible to calculate according to the amount of movement of change to plunger 10 of gain.
Herein, in this approach, for the assigned frequency of overlap, resonant frequency ω is used 0and obtain the variable quantity of gain significantly, but be not limited to this frequency.If assigned frequency is in the frequency band presenting resonance, then as clear and definite according to Fig. 8, being drawn the difference of gain by the movement of plunger 10, therefore also can be resonant frequency ω 0frequency in addition.
Now, the frequency setting of overlapping alternating component is, relative to the frequency of solenoid 9 on-off repeatedly, solenoid 6 is not by the frequency high fully that action affects.
As above, can estimate the position of plunger 10, if the position of the plunger 10 that position and the solenoid 9 of the plunger 10 deduced when therefore connecting (switch element 51 is connected) to solenoid 9 deduce when disconnecting (switch element 51 disconnects) stores and calculate its difference, then can estimate the amount of movement of plunger 10 (overhang of stop pin 8).
Therefore, if can estimate the amount of movement of plunger 10, then can judge according to the fastening state of this presumed value to the stop pin 8 of plunger 10 front end.Do not arrange sensor so just the fastening state to stop pin 8 to estimate according to the position of plunger 10 or displacement.Therefore, sensor setting space is not needed.
In addition, when fastening state is bad, such as, if report by producing alarm etc., then and that cause accident bad by the action of solenoid 9 can be avoided.
In addition, overlapping owing to making vibration export like this, therefore do not produce the problem of the such noise of the situation that switches direct current (d.c.) and alternating voltage.Further, export in the vibration of direct current (d.c.) overlap, and the change (change of point of resonance) of checkout value to the two ends of solenoid detects, therefore vibration exports does not need large electric power, and loss is also few.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment 1 relates to except above-mentioned action effect, and the temperature also relating to solenoid 9 rises, to compensate risen by temperature and the minimizing in magnetic field that causes and can improve position, the displacement of presumption plunger 10 time precision carry out describing.
That is, solenoid 9 uses copper cash at coil 37.There is D.C. resistance at this copper cash, this D.C. resistance has positive temperature coefficient.Therefore, if the rising (also comprising environment temperature) of the D.C. resistance Yin Wendu of coil 37 and increasing, then field current reduces, thus magnetomotive force reduces.
Herein, in figure 6, in the driving of solenoid 9, current control loop is used, even if the mode therefore also supplying certain electric current with temperature variation controls.
But, usually for the D.C. resistance of coil 37 and the relation of temperature coefficient, when with 20 DEG C be 1 carry out normalize, for resistance ratio at each temperature and the electric current ratio of copper cash, such as, be called that the attraction force of the coil of 100 DEG C significantly changes with about 56% of the coil of 20 DEG C.Therefore, owing to also considering, in the situation controlling to produce error, when therefore estimating calculating the position of plunger 10, to correct based on the temperature of coil 37, thus making presumption precision improve.
Therefore, in embodiment 1, before Parking Brake action, control gear 57 makes the electric current of mensuration flow at solenoid 9 and measure voltage, calculates the resistance value of coil 37, according to this resistance value accounting temperature according to the measurement result of this electric current and voltage.Then, consider the minimizing in magnetic field based on this temperature and the position of plunger 10 is estimated.
Such as, as the structure for realizing above-mentioned action, as represented by the dotted line 60 of Fig. 6, the A/D of control gear 57 is changed input and be connected to the terminal of solenoid 9 and voltage is measured.In addition, control gear 57 drives with the transistor of undersaturated mode to switch element 51, thus inputs mensuration electric current (plunger 10 of solenoid 9 does not produce the current value of displacement) to coil 37.
In the locking device for a vehicle of the embodiment 1 formed like this, such as, by employing the known electric-resistivity method of the temperature coefficient of resistance of copper, the temperature of coil 37 is detected.
That is, electric-resistivity method calculating formula is
R2/R1＝(234.5+t1)/(234.5+t2)，
According to above formula, the temperature t2 after energising is
t2＝R2/R1(234.5+t1)－234.5。
Herein,
T1: the temperature (environment temperature) (DEG C) before energising, t2: the temperature (DEG C) after energising,
R1: the resistance (normal temperature value) (Ω) before energising, R2: the resistance (Ω) after energising.
So, can estimate the temperature of coil 37, therefore, it is possible to calculate based on the reduction of this temperature deduced to the electric current flowed at coil 37.Therefore, predict magnetomotive reduction according to the reduction of above-mentioned electric current and the estimated position of the plunger 10 during Parking Brake action is corrected.Accordingly, the precision when position of plunger 10 is estimated can be improved.
Thus, improve precision, thus can to detect the action of plunger 10 is bad, therefore, it is possible to avoid and that cause accident bad by action.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment 2, to except above-mentioned action effect, regularly confirms that the situation that the state of (inspections) locking device for a vehicle improves Security carries out describing.
That is, the position of the plunger 10 of the solenoid 9 when situation about being off locking device for a vehicle and locking device for a vehicle are in course of action is inferred and is confirmed.
The situation that this locking device for a vehicle so-called is off refers to and operates brake petal and make the situation in the process of foundation brakes (foot brake) action, whether stop pin 8 is confirmed to there is not obstruction to make the action of foundation brakes from stop hole 42 separation of intermediate gear 41.Therefore, this confirmation, by using the method for mode of execution and embodiment 1, successively estimates the position of the plunger 10 of solenoid 9 every the certain hour shorter than the action cycle of solenoid 9 and carries out all the time.Accordingly, can detect the action of plunger 10 is bad.
In this approach, as shown in Figure 6, the situation that plunger 10 is positioned at the position that the spring 36 that is reset is released from coil 37 (bobbin) is estimated and confirmed.And, in the unsegregated situation of stop pin 8, such as, produce alarm etc. and reported failures, thus ensure Security.
On the other hand, so-called locking device for a vehicle is refer to the situation discharging foundation brakes in parking, docking process in course of action, and the stop hole 43 whether stop pin 8 being embedded in intermediate gear 41 confirms.This confirmation also by using the method for mode of execution and embodiment 1, successively estimating the position of the plunger 10 of solenoid 9 every the certain hour shorter than the action cycle of solenoid 9 and carrying out all the time.And, the position of the plunger 10 of solenoid 9 is estimated and confirms.Accordingly, can detect the action of plunger 10 is bad.
In this approach, Returnning spring 36 is overcome to plunger 10 and the situation being positioned at the position be attracted to coil 37 (bobbin) estimates and confirms.And, when detecting that stop pin 8 is not in the state of the stop hole 43 being embedded in intermediate gear 41, such as, producing alarm etc. and ensureing Security.
By confirming like this, prevent from making car become brakeless state because action is bad.
And this confirmation is carried out being because carry out presumption process off and at certain intervals off and on, thus can reduce the power consumption to presumption process.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment 3 except above-mentioned action effect, for applying horizontal power relative to car body, namely apply parallel power relative to the axletree of the wheel connecting left and right when the presumption of position of plunger 10 compensate.
In this case, as shown in Figure 1, the plunger 10 of solenoid 9 is vertical relative to the brake disc 7 being installed on axletree, and arranges concurrently with axletree.Therefore, when applying horizontal power relative to car body, the power existed along advance and retreat direction is applied to plunger 10, thus produces the worry of error in estimated position.
In order to solve the above problems, as shown in Figure 6, the acceleration transducer 61 being used for detecting the acceleration of transverse direction is set at automobile.And, when the acceleration of transverse direction of the detection detecting the sensor 61 is certain above value, in other words, when plunger 10 arrives the value of the impact of the power by transverse direction, carry out the compensation corresponding with this value.Such as, now, in the calculating of this presumption, as long as the form etc. preparing the offset of the acceleration preset relative to transverse direction carries out the compensation to estimated position.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment 4 pairs of oscillating units 59 describe.
That is, oscillating unit 59 is arranged at power supply 52 in mode of execution and embodiment 1 ~ 3, but is not limited to this.Such as, as shown in Figure 9, the control gear 57 as microcontroller also can be made to play the function of oscillating unit 59.In this case, the aperture of control gear 57 pairs of switch elements 51 controls and carries out switch (unsaturated), thus exports in the vibration of the such required frequency of the solenoidal input overlay chart 7 (a) of parking unit, Fig. 7 (b).If make control gear 57 have oscillating unit 59 concurrently like this, then do not produce the loss for driving oscillating unit 59 separately.In addition, the minimizing of the reducing of installation space, cost can be realized.Further, current feedback system can be made to comprise oscillating unit 59 and apply frequency content, also can expect to carry out stable action even if therefore such as carry out Direct driver by the voltage source that the battery of automobile is such.
In addition, obviously, in addition, oscillating unit 59 such as also directly can be connected with the base circuit of switch element 51 and carry out on the circuit that controls or be arranged at as the reference character 59b of Figure 10 except power supply 52, control gear 57 as the reference character 59a of Figure 10.
In addition, in mode of execution and embodiment 1 ~ 3, the solenoid 9 that pin drives uses the actuator of push-press type, but is not limited to this.Also can change circuit and use the actuator of drawing and pulling type.
Symbol description
1 ... dynamo-electric brake; 2 ... parking unit; 3 ... motor; 4 ... straight-moving mechanism; 5 ... reducing gear; 6 ... braking plate; 7 ... rotor; 8 ... stop pin; 9 ... solenoid; 10 ... plunger; 37 ... coil; 50 ... solenoid displacement detecting unit; 52 ... power supply; 54 ... resonant circuit electricity container; 55 ... displacement detector; 56 ... current detecting unit; 58 ... DC electrical source; 59 ... oscillating unit; 61 ... acceleration transducer.

Claims (7)

1. an electric parking and braking device,
Be made up of dynamo-electric brake and parking unit, electric motor and straight-moving mechanism is connected via reducing gear in described dynamo-electric brake, by the rotation of described motor, the friction means being installed on straight-moving mechanism is pressed on brake disc to brake, described parking unit makes engaging part engage with described reducing gear by the action of solenoidal plunger to lock
It is characterized in that,
Described electric parking and braking device possesses: oscillating unit, makes the vibration of required frequency export the solenoidal input being overlapped in described parking unit; And processing unit, the change according to the checkout value at the two ends of solenoid estimates the position of solenoidal plunger or displacement.
2. electric parking and braking device according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
The capacitor for the formation of resonant circuit is connected at described solenoid.
3. electric parking and braking device according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that,
The oscillation frequency of described oscillating unit is set as high relative to being switched on or switched off solenoidal frequency.
4. the electric parking and braking device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that,
The position of the plunger detected when being switched on according to described solenoid estimates with the overhang of difference to engaging part of the position of the plunger detected when being disconnected.
5. the electric parking and braking device according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that,
Before described parking unit carries out action, solenoid input plunger is not produced to the mensuration electric current of displacement, calculate the temperature of coil based on measured load now, and correct based on the estimated position of temperature to engaging part of the described coil calculated.
6. the electric parking and braking device according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, is characterized in that,
Carry out action at described motor and make in the process of straight-moving mechanism action, at regular intervals the position of plunger being calculated, and confirming according to the maintenance of this calculating position to the separated state from reducing gear separation of engaging part.
7. the electric parking and braking device according to any one of claim 1 ~ 6, is characterized in that,
Carry out action at described solenoid and make in the process of parking unit action, at regular intervals the position of plunger being calculated, and confirm according to the maintenance of this calculating position to the fastening state engaged with reducing gear of engaging part.
CN201380062835.3A 2012-12-03 2013-12-03 Electric parking brake device Pending CN104822961A (en)

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