CN104820012A - Non-destructive detection method for martensite change amount in austenite stainless steel - Google Patents
Non-destructive detection method for martensite change amount in austenite stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104820012A CN104820012A CN201510159656.2A CN201510159656A CN104820012A CN 104820012 A CN104820012 A CN 104820012A CN 201510159656 A CN201510159656 A CN 201510159656A CN 104820012 A CN104820012 A CN 104820012A
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- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 8
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a non-destructive detection method for the martensite change amount in an austenite stainless steel, wherein the phase change products of the austenite stainless steel are paramagnetic epsilon-martensite and ferromagnetic alpha'-martensite, and based on the austenite stainless steel material with the deformation amount of less than 15%, the detection method specifically comprises that the ferromagnetic alpha'-martensite content in the austenite stainless steel is measured through a ferrite meter and the value is recorded as x, and the martensite change amount in the austenite stainless steel is obtained through the following function relation formula f(x)=1.67x+1.48, wherein the f(x) is the martensite change amount and includes the total content of the epsilon-martensite and the alpha'-martensite, and x is the alpha'-martensite content measured through the ferrite meter. With the method of the present invention, the value of the martensite change amount in the austenite stainless steel can be accurately and rapidly calculated in the practical application, such that the measurement time and the measurement cost of the enterprise are saved, and the foundation is established for the application of the austenite stainless steel material in the low temperature environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to stainless steel technical field, be specifically related to the lossless detection method of martensite transfor mation amount in a kind of austenitic stainless steel.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of national economy, cryogenic technique has penetrated into each science and technology field, and become an important component part of the Cutting-edge science, extreme deep cooling operating mode frequently appears at the key areas such as Aero-Space, petrochemical complex, the energy, medical treatment.
Usually, most of bcc metals material is along with the decline of temperature, and intensity improves, and toughness declines, and when temperature is down to ductile-brittle transition temperature, toughness reduces suddenly, is in brittle state, limits the use at low temperatures of the type material.And the austenitic stainless steel with face-centered cubic crystal structure has excellent cryogenic property, use material comparatively widely under becoming extreme Cryogenic Conditions, the application wherein counting again S30408 stainless steel material is the most typical.Research finds, austenitic stainless steel belongs to unstable state alloy, when affecting by mechanical stress, plastic yield or deep cooling Service Environment, martensitic traoformation can occur, and (martensitic phase intensity, hardness are higher, and plasticity, toughness are lower), cause its mechanical behavior to occur significantly to change, directly affect the safety and stability that austenitic stainless steel uses in deep cooling cryogenic engineering.Such as, metastable austenitic stainless steel (as S30408), in the fabrication process with use procedure under low temperature in all can strain induced martensite phase transformation, phase-change product is paramagnetic ε-martensite (close-packed hexagonal) and ferromagnetic α '-martensite (body centred cubic).
In GB150-1998 " Steel Pressure Vessels ", the minimum serviceability temperature of authorised pressure container is-196 DEG C, does not relate to for the pressure vessel used lower than this temperature.In GB150.1-2011 " pressure vessel part 1: General Requirement ", regulation design temperature lower limit is down to-269 DEG C.In view of national standard has pushed design temperature to limit deep cooling, therefore from the more profound inspection carrying out deep cooling pressure vessel metal material be the inexorable trend complying with national standard code requirement.
In recent years, light-weight design and manufacture have become the dominant direction that deep cooling pressure vessel develops, and choosing higher permissible stress is realize the light-weighted important means of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.Deformation and low temperature can cause producing martensitic traoformation in austenitic stainless steel, and then improve yield strength and the tensile strength of austenitic stainless steel material, so select higher permissible stress when design in early stage, just can reach thinning wall thickness, save the object using material.So understand the transformation behavior of austenitic stainless steel material under cryogenic environment, obtaining relevant martensite content data is realize the light-weighted theoretical foundation of equipment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, in order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provides the lossless detection method of martensite transfor mation amount in a kind of austenitic stainless steel, can obtain the martensite transfor mation amount of austenitic steel equipment more accurately, more quickly.The austenitic stainless steel serviceability temperature that this method is measured can be low to moderate liquid helium temperature-269 DEG C, and has considered the inducement of deformation and low temperature environment two kinds initiation martensitic traoformation.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
The lossless detection method of martensite transfor mation amount in a kind of austenitic stainless steel, the phase-change product of austenitic stainless steel is paramagnetic ε-martensite and ferromagnetic α '-martensite, deflection is less than to the austenitic stainless steel material of 15%, it is characterized in that the concrete steps of this detection method are as follows:
1. measure the ferromagnetic α '-martensitic content in austenitic stainless steel by ferrite instrument, numerical value is designated as x;
2. then, by following functional relation, the martensite transfor mation amount in austenitic stainless steel is calculated:
f(x)＝1.67x+1.48；
In above formula:
F (x) is martensite transfor mation amount, comprises ε-martensite and α '-martensitic total content;
X is the α '-martensitic content obtained by the measurement of ferrite instrument.
The coefficient R of the martensite total content y of the reality in described martensite transfor mation amount f (x) obtained by said method and austenitic stainless steel
2>=0.96.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Due to metastable austenitic stainless steel (as S30408 stainless steel), in the fabrication process with use procedure under low temperature in all can strain induced martensite phase transformation, phase-change product is paramagnetic ε-martensite and ferromagnetic α '-martensite.Wherein α '-martensite transfor mation amount can be measured by ferrite instrument, but ferrite instrument can only detect ferromagnetism phase, and can not detect ε-martensitic transformation amount; Although XRD detection method can detect ε-martensite and α '-martensitic transformation amount exactly, XRD method needs the sample cutting fritter on equipment, and apparatus expensive, analytic process is strongly professional and loaded down with trivial details.Ferrite instrument then has the features such as Non-Destructive Testing, easy to carry and convenient reading are quick, meets field engineering and detects needs, have certain directive significance to actual production.
For this, the present invention, by statistical study to lot of experimental data, obtains the funtcional relationship that numerical value x measured by martensite transfor mation amount f (x) and ferrite instrument: f (x)=1.67x+1.48; Simultaneously, invention has been a large amount of confirmatory experiments, XRD method is adopted to record paramagnetic ε-martensite and ferromagnetic α '-martensitic content, α '-martensitic phase the content measured by ferrite instrument is revised on the one hand by relatively accurate XRD method, making up ferrite instrument can not detect ε-martensitic defect on the other hand, calculate ε-martensite and α '-martensitic total content, the coefficient R between the transformation amount that the transformation amount function formulae discovery that checking XRD measures goes out
2>=0.96, show the transformation amount that funtcional relationship calculates and exact value closely, to the determination of later stage martensite transfor mation amount, there is great directive significance.In addition in view of engineer applied is actual, in actual production process, deflection can not be greater than 15%, and thus this formula is applicable to the measurement that deflection is less than the austenitic stainless steel material martensite transfor mation amount of 15%.
Therefore utilization factor ferrite instrument of the present invention has the advantages such as Non-Destructive Testing, easy to carry and convenient reading be quick, funtcional relationship and f (the x)=1.67x+1.48 of numerical value x is measured in conjunction with martensite transfor mation amount f (x) and ferrite instrument, in actual applications can the numerical value calculating martensite transfor mation amount of accurate quick, save enterprise and measure cost, also lay a good foundation for austenitic stainless steel material application at low ambient temperatures.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Because deformation and low temperature environment all can strain induced martensite phase transformations, therefore these two kinds of inducements are all considered in detection method.The present invention can be applied to that temperature can be low to moderate liquid helium temperature-269 DEG C, that in actual application, deflection is less than 15% austenitic stainless steel material and carry out harmlessly detecting fast.
1. measure ferromagnetism α '-martensitic content in austenitic stainless steel by ferrite instrument, numerical value is designated as x;
2. then, by following functional relation, the martensite transfor mation amount in austenitic stainless steel is calculated:
f(x)＝1.67x+1.48；
In above formula:
F (x) is martensite transfor mation amount, comprises ε-martensite and α '-martensitic total content;
X is the α '-martensitic content obtained by the measurement of ferrite instrument.
Because XRD method needs the sample cutting fritter on equipment, and apparatus expensive, analytic process is strongly professional and loaded down with trivial details, ferrite instrument then has Non-Destructive Testing, the features such as easy to carry and convenient reading is quick, meet field engineering and detect needs, therefore, adopt detection method provided by the invention, after obtaining functional relation, detect without the need to adopting XRD, only ferrite instrument need be utilized to record the α '-martensite transfor mation amount of austenitic stainless steel material, obtain the data of one group of x, as shown in ferrite apparatus measuring value one hurdle in table 1, this hurdle x value is substituted in functional relation f (x)=1.67x+1.48 successively, martensite transfor mation amount f (x) can be obtained, martensite transfor mation amount f (x) is martensite content match value in table 1.
In addition, for detection method provided by the invention, by XRD, demonstration test is carried out to it, as shown in table 1 equally, XRD method is utilized accurately to measure α '-martensite in austenitic stainless steel material and ε-martensitic content respectively, obtain martensitic total transformation amount, also i.e. martensite total content, and the coefficient R of the martensite content match value obtained according to detection method and martensite total content
2reach 0.975, with the actual numerical value of martensite total content closely, for follow-up actual production, there is larger directive significance, simultaneously also for understanding the phase transformation row of austenitic stainless steel material under cryogenic environment thus theoretical foundation has been established in the equipment lightweight of realization.
Martensite transfor mation amount test figure in table 1. austenitic stainless steel
Claims (2)
1. the lossless detection method of martensite transfor mation amount in an austenitic stainless steel, the phase-change product of austenitic stainless steel is paramagnetic ε-martensite and ferromagnetic α '-martensite, deflection is less than to the austenitic stainless steel material of 15%, it is characterized in that the concrete steps of this detection method are as follows:
1. measure the ferromagnetic α '-martensitic content in austenitic stainless steel by ferrite instrument, numerical value is designated as x;
2. then, by following functional relation, the martensite transfor mation amount in austenitic stainless steel is calculated:
f(x)＝1.67x+1.48；
In above formula:
F (x) is martensite transfor mation amount, comprises ε-martensite and α '-martensitic total content;
X is the α '-martensitic content obtained by the measurement of ferrite instrument.
2. the lossless detection method of martensite transfor mation amount in a kind of austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the coefficient R of described martensite transfor mation amount f (x) and the martensite total content y of the reality in austenitic stainless steel
2>=0.96.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106154190A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-23 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Magnetic measuring device and its implementation for medium managese steel martensitic phase transformation |
| CN108333032A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-07-27 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of magnetic NDT method method of ferritic transformation amount after austenitic stainless steel ion irradiation |
| CN110470725A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-19 | 广州大学 | A kind of detection method detecting metal material tough transition temperature |
| CN110487826A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-22 | 燕山大学 | The test method of deformation inductdion ε martensite transfor mation content |
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| JPS63134947A (en) * | 1986-11-12 | 1988-06-07 | フエルアイニヒテ・エーデルシユタールヴエルケ・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト（フアウ・エー・ヴエー） | Measuring device for measuring content of magnetizable substance |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS63134947A (en) * | 1986-11-12 | 1988-06-07 | フエルアイニヒテ・エーデルシユタールヴエルケ・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト（フアウ・エー・ヴエー） | Measuring device for measuring content of magnetizable substance |
| CN101424610A (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2009-05-06 | 江苏大学 | Nitrogen austenite steel microstructure predicting method |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| TALONEN J ET AL.: "Comparison of different methods for measuring strain induced α′-martensite content in austenitic steels", 《MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY》 * |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106154190A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-23 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Magnetic measuring device and its implementation for medium managese steel martensitic phase transformation |
| CN106154190B (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2018-11-27 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | For the magnetic measuring device and its implementation of medium managese steel martensitic traoformation |
| CN108333032A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-07-27 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of magnetic NDT method method of ferritic transformation amount after austenitic stainless steel ion irradiation |
| CN110470725A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-19 | 广州大学 | A kind of detection method detecting metal material tough transition temperature |
| CN110487826A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-22 | 燕山大学 | The test method of deformation inductdion ε martensite transfor mation content |
| CN110487826B (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2020-06-12 | 燕山大学 | Method for testing transformation content of deformation induced epsilon martensite |
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